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To assess the state of children’s health in obstetric care organizations after Russia transition to international statistics on live births and stillbirths, we studied the main indicators of newborn health in the dynamics from 2013 to 2020. It was found that between 2013 and 2020 the morbidity of newborns decreased by 6.3% (from 337.2‰ to 316.3‰; p0.05). The assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on newborn health revealed slight shifts in the distribution of children born alive by birth weight and a 6.8% increase in the stillbirth rate compared to the prepandemic level. Thus, in the period from 2013 to 2020 the share of children discharged from obstetric hospitals who were healthy has increased due to the reduction in morbidity and mortality of newborns. The analysis showed that there was an improvement in the health indicators of newborns in the Russian Federation

The regularities and formation mechanisms of structural-phase states and properties at different depths in the rail heads along the central axis and fillet after differential quenching of 100-meter rails and extremely long operation (with passed tonnage of 1411 million tons gross weight) have been revealed by the methods of the state-of-the-art physical materials science. As revealed, the differential quenching is accompanied by the formation of morphologically multi-aspect structure presented by grains of lamellar perlite, ferrite–carbide mixture, and structure-free ferrite. The steel structure is characterized by the α-Fe lattice parameter, the level of microstresses, the size of coherent-scattering region, the value of interlamellar distance, the scalar and excess dislocation densities. As shown, the extremely long operation of rails is accompanied by the numerous transformations of metal structure of rail head: firstly, a fracture of lamellar pearlite structure and a formation of subgrain structure of submicron (100–150 nm) sizes in the bulk of pearlite colonies; secondly, a precipitation of carbide phase particles of nanometer range along the boundaries and in the bulk of subgrains; thirdly, a microdistortion growth of steel crystal lattice; fourthly, a strain hardening of metal resulting in the increase (by 1.5-fold) in scalar and excess dislocation densities relative to the initial state. A long-term operation of rails is accompanied by the formation of structural constituent gradient consisting in a regular change in the relative content of lamellar pearlite, fractured pearlite, and structure of ferrite–carbide mixture along cross-section of railhead. As the distance to the rail fillet surface decreases, a relative content of metal volume with lamellar pearlite decreases, and that with the structure of fractured pearlite and ferrite–carbide mixture increases. As determined, the characteristic feature of ferrite–carbide mixture structure is a nanosize range of grains, subgrains and carbide-phase particles forming it. The size of grains and subgrains forming the type of structure varies in the limits of 40–70 nm; the size of carbide-phase particles located along the boundaries of grains and subgrains varies in the limits of 8–20 nm. A multiaspect character of steel strengthening is detected that is caused by several factors: firstly, the substructural strengthening due to the formation of fragment subboundaries, whose boundaries are stabilized by the carbide-phase particles; secondly, the strengthening by carbide-phase particles located in the bulk of fragments and on elements of dislocation substructure (dispersion hardening); thirdly, the strengthening caused by the precipitation of carbon atoms on dislocations (formation of Cottrell atmospheres); fourthly, the strengthening being introduced by internal stress fields due to incompatibility of crystal-lattices’ deformation of α-phase structural constituents and carbide-phase particles.

The possibility of providing high performance of super-finishing of ceramics based on the analysis of the processes of super-finishing of metal products is proved. For conducting experimental studies, a special installation has been developed, including a sharpening machine and a device for superfinishing. For such processing conditions, the necessity of using a low-rigidity technological system is justified. Discs made of ceramic materials of various machinability with diamond bars were super-finished at a cutting speed of up to 9.1 m/s and a clamping force of up to 90 N. Experimental data on the change in the value of cut allowance on the duration of treatment, the impact speed super-finishing of ceramic disks and grit sizes of diamond bars on the magnitude and rate of stock removal, roughness and waviness of machined surfaces and consumption of the tool. The results of super finishing of ceramic materials with processing of metal products are compared.

We have developed Markov state models (MSMs) and hidden Markov models (HMMs) that describe the binding of haloperidol to the D3 dopamine receptor. Haloperidol is an antipsychotic drug that binds with nanomolar affinity to the D3 dopamine receptor, where it functions as an inverse agonist. The models were constructed using an adaptive sampling approach from 519 individual molecular dynamics simulations totaling 122 μs of simulated time and encompass the entire drug binding process. They reveal short-lived metastable bound states and two distinct long-lived bound conformations that cannot be separated in affinity using our current methodology. This work extends the use of MSMs and HMMs to study ligand binding, which thus far has been limited to simpler systems.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum cytokine profile of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) sensitized to house dust mites and to establish their role in the regulation of IgE synthesis Materials and Methods. The study included 60 patients with AR at the age of 20-60. According to the level of total IgE (IgE>100 kU/L), patients were divided into two groups with an IgE-dependent and IgE-independent form of AR. In the study, the serum levels of IL-2, g-IFN, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10 and TGF-b in the blood serum were determined by ELISA. Results. According to the study, it was found that patients with an IgE-dependent form of AR are characterized by a decrease in the level of Th1 cytokines IL-2 and g-IFN, an increase in the level of Th2 cytokines – IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and a decrease in Treg cytokines – IL-10 and TGF- b. At the same time, a significant decrease in the level of inhibiting cytokine IL-10 was established in comparison with the group of patients with an IgE-independent form of AR. For patients with an IgE-independent form, only elevated levels of IL-13 were found. No significant differences were found between other Th1 and Th2 and Treg cytokines. Conclusions. The study showed that in patients with AR sensitization to house dust mites, IL-13 acts as a key cytokine in the IgE-independent form of AR, which can be important in the future for both predicting and treating AR.

This article deals with the initial data coming from the Ivolga Fortress archaeological site located in the Trans-Baikal area. Multidisciplinary investigations were performed, including palynological and archaeozoological studies. Palynological data reflects the palaeovegetation of the region and shows the abundance of forested landscapes in the past. The fauna was made of molluscs (7 taxa), fishes (14 taxa), amphibians (3 taxa), reptiles (1 taxon), and wild mammals (18 taxa). The species composition and environmental data show the mosaic character of landscapes surrounding the ancient settlement: taiga and forest, steppe and forest-steppe biotopes, as well as meadows in the Selenga valley with the prevalence of open steppe spaces. In the era of the Xiongnu Empire 209 BC – 48 AD (Kradin, 2001) the climate was less arid than it is now.

Spengler predicted “Decline of the Western world” itself, but not its results: he expected a long (200–300 years) process of cultural transformation of mankind. But today the Western solipsistic and nihilistic civilization with frightening speed becomes a suicidal civilization, capable of blowing up the approaching post-Western future according to the principle “if I can’t have you, nobody can!” Russia must and can become the nucleus of this post-Western future crystallization – a harmonious, multipolar future based on the sense of truth (Pravda) in which all its sovereign creators (Russia, and possibly China, Latin America, India and all reasonable humanity) will save our planet from the man-made collapse.

After the decline of the West mankind is viable and necessary. The decline of the West is even now succeeded by the rise of the East, - whether it is the Rise of Russia predicted by Spengler, or the realization of the prosymbol of the nascent new world. The Rise that constitutes the only option of saving the West from wrathful oblivion, or perhaps, from self-destruction together with planet itself. The Rise that would mean preservation of incomparable achievements of the West and the whole mankind, that was successfully lead by the West in the 16th -20th centuries. But will this necessary option be realized?

PurposeThe aim of this study was to identify and quantitatively assess the importance of psychosocial and organizational factors that influence employees' intentions to engage in pro-environmental behaviors at the workplace.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior was completed by 318 employees. To validate three suggested hypotheses, a series of path analysis models were constructed using AMOS software.FindingsThe theory of planned behavior explained 79 percent and 37.7 percent of variance in predicting intentions of employees to travel to work using alternative transportation and to make eco-suggestions directed toward the workplace, respectively. While organizational barriers did not play a significant role in predicting intentions to use alternative transportation, some organizational obstacles (opinion of colleagues, required paperwork) influenced workers' intention to make eco-suggestions.Originality/valueThis is one of the first articles in the field of pro-environmental workplace behaviors in which the theory of planned behavior is implemented in a systematic manner (qualitative exploration of beliefs followed by their quantitative evaluation). This article contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the disproportionate influence of organizational and psychosocial factors on pro-environmental workplace behaviors.

Presented is a human factor risk model when piloting an aircraft. This model is based on comparing representations of the evaluated crew actions with the comparable action representations of various types and performance quality, which form a representative sample and are contained in a pre-formed specialized database. The risk in question is represented by probabilistic estimates, which result from consistent applications of the Principal Component Analysis, Multidimensional Scaling, and Cluster Analysis to three types of characteristics, viz.: parameters of flights and states of aircraft systems, gaze movement trajectories and time series of oculomotor activity primary indexes. These steps form the clusters of flight fragments for various types and performance quality, including abnormal ones. The Discriminant Analysis provides calculating the probabilistic profile for belonging to certain target clusters, with a final conclusion being derived from this structure. Key elements of the approach presented are three new metrics used to compare crew actions and to ensure significant discrimination for flight fragments of various types and performance quality. Detailing flight parameters contributions in differences of the flight fragments in a given metric is carried out to provide meaningful analysis of the detected abnormality causes. With sufficient computational performance, the flight data analysis under consideration can be implemented in real time automatic mode.

For the first time for the Baikal Lake basin, evidence of the existence of populations of sculpin Cottus cf. poecilopus Heckel (alpine bullhead) characteristic of the adjacent Lena River basin in large northern Baikal tributaries, the Verkhnaya (Upper) Angara and the Kichera is provided. In June 2009 during the study of the lower reaches of the Kholodnaya River (Kichera-Baikal system), 8 individuals of sculpin aged from 3 to 5 years and in August 2009 5 more specimens aged from 4 to 6 were caught. All fish were fertile with the gonads in maturity stage III. In August 2010 33 individuals aged from 4 to 6 were collected in the main channel of the Upper Angara near Novy Uoyan settl.. At about the same time C.poecilopus was registered in stomachs of Arctic charr from Lake Amut (Churo-Upper Angara-Baikal system) near the divide with the Pravaya (Right) Mama (Mama-Vitim-Lena system). In August 2010 17 specimens aged from 1 to 4 were caught in the Upper Angara near the mouth of its large left tributary the Yanchui River. Sculpins from the rivers Kholodnaya, Upper Angara and Yanchui have higher growth rate as compared to the ones from mountain lakes of the upper Lena basin. About 90 % of males and females matured at the age of 3 years. Absolute fecundity of two females from the Upper Angara River was 149 and 556 (with a mean of 352,5) eggs and of two females from the Kholodnaya River, 223 and 305 (with a mean of 264) eggs. This exceeds the fecundity of sculpins from mountain lakes in the Lena part of Baikal rift zone, which averages less than 150 eggs. Sculpins spawn in the Kholodnaya River in the 1st half of June. The diet of C. cf. poecilopus all over the Baikal basin as well as in adjacent sites in the Lena basin was basically composed of larvae of amphibious insects (trichopterans, ephemeropterans, chironomids and plecopterans). The discovery of the third species from the Lena basin in the Baikal basin following the findings of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus and grayling Thymallus baicalolenensis evidences the absence of differences in the structure of ichthyofaunas of the upper parts of both neighboring basins. Sculpins permeate along the streams to mountain lakes more easily than other species and colonize the most elevated ones in lake cascades within the northern part of Baikal rift zone. Their dispersal across the divide could proceed in two ways: via headwater captures or via flattened passes between converging upper reaches of adjacent streams.

Estimating the infl uence of human factor on the activity of operators of complex technical systems is an important problem for condition monitoring, personnel training and diagnostics. Presented are both an overview and mutual comparisons of the approaches which are useful to reveal the effect of human factor and have already shown their performances in practical applications. Under consideration are: the structural equation modeling, the Bayesian estimations for probabilistic models represented by Markov random processes, the multivariate statistical techniques including the discriminant and cluster analysis as well as wavelet transforms.

The fish fauna of Lake Frolikha comprises 12 species confirmed by our recent studies: roach Rutilus rutilus (L.), minnow Phoxinus phonixus (L.), stone loach Barbatula toni (Dyb.), spine loach Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, pike Esox lucius L. lenok Brachymystax lenok (Pallas), Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.), Baikal black grayling Thymallus baicalensis (Dyb.), burbot Lota lota (L.), sand sculpin Leocottus kesslerii (Dyb.), stone sculpin Paracottus knerii (Dyb.) and perch Perca fluviatilis L. Biological peculiarities of these fishes are determined by unique geographical position and limnic characteristics of Lake Frolikha. Being a typical glacial lake it is located at rather low altitude a.s.l. and is adjacent to the unparalleled ecosystem of Lake Baikal. An underdeveloped shallow coastal zone with sparse aquatic vegetation, which is characteristic of glacial lakes, determines some biological traits of Lake Frolikha cyprinids. As compared with other mountain lakes of Baikal Rift Zone (BRZ), roach and minnow have lower rates of linear and weight growth as well as unusual population sex ratios. Male to female ratio in roach is 2:1 and in minnow it is 1:1 whereas in other lakes it reaches 1:4 and 1:10 respectively. The presence of native Baikal species in Lake Frolikha provided abundant food for piscivores: sand sculpins are the dominant food item of lenok, Arctic charr and perch. Lenok and perch demonstrate prominent linear and weight growth rate in the lake. In other lakes of BRZ with less abundant prey fish species Arctic charr typically diverge into several trophic forms, but in Lake Frolikha they established a monomorphic mostly piscivorous population. Charr from Lake Frolikha are relatively small and short-lived representatives of the large form of Transbaikalian charr. Their unique feature is river spawning, which is not observed in any other charr population within BRZ. Due to special protection regime of the territory, which minimizes catch losses, several fish species maintain natural unaffected structure of their populations evidenced by the abundance of old fish. The population of lenok is represented by 19 age groups, the population of roach – by 15 groups and that of burbot – by 12 groups. Alternatively, populations of small-sized prey species such as minnow and sand sculpin, which are heavily influenced by numerous predators include fewer age groups than in other mountain lakes of BRZ.

—The concepts of nucleation processes occurring near the three-phase contact line are developed under conditions of poor wettability of the vertex (end) face of the threadlike nanocrystal by a liquid catalyst drop.

We studied the possibility of using microwave radiothermometry of the brain in biorhythmology. It was found that the temperature variability of the frontal lobes of the right and left hemispheres strictly corresponded to the 24-h cycle was characterized by the oscillation amplitude of 1.2-1.4°C, which significantly exceeded the amplitude of the basal temperature. A conclusion was made about the informative value of the method of noninvasive registration of the 24-h dynamics of the brain temperature.