Search

Aerobic exercise mitigates oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by myocardial infarction (MI) even though the precise mechanisms remain completely elusive. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of aerobic exercise in ameliorating the cardiac function of mice with MI. In vivo, MI was induced by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation in wild-type mice, alcat1 knockout, and fgf21 knockout mice. The mice were exercised under a moderate-intensity protocol for 6 weeks at one week later post-MI. In vitro, H9C2 cells were treated with lentiviral vector carrying alcat1 gene, recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21), PI3K inhibitor, and H2O2 to explore the potential mechanisms. Our results showed that aerobic exercise significantly increased the FGF21 expression and decreased the ALCAT1 expression in the hearts of mice with MI. fgf21 knockout weakened the inhibitory effects of aerobic exercise on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in mice with MI. Both/either alcat1 knockout and/or aerobic exercise improved cardiac function by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis in the MI heart. rhFGF21 inhibited both H2O2 and overexpression of ALCAT1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in H9C2 cells. In conclusion, our results showed that aerobic exercise alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the FGF21/FGFR1/PI3K/AKT pathway or inhibiting the hyperexpression of ALCAT1, which ultimately improved the cardiac function in MI mice.

The prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly throughout the world in recent years. Currently, approximately 463 million people are living with diabetes, and the number has tripled over the last two decades. Here, we describe the global epidemiology of diabetes in 2019 and forecast the trends to 2030 and 2045 in China, India, USA, and the globally. The gut microbiota plays a major role in metabolic diseases, especially diabetes. In this review, we describe the interaction between diabetes and gut microbiota in three aspects: probiotics, antidiabetic medication, and diet. Recent findings indicate that probiotics, antidiabetic medications, or dietary interventions treat diabetes by shifting the gut microbiome, particularly by raising beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful bacteria. We conclude that targeting the gut microbiota is becoming a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes.

The dual hesitant fuzzy set(DHFS) is a useful tool to deal with situations in which people are hesitant about providing their satisfaction degree and dissatisfaction degree. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of weighted dual hesitant fuzzy set(WDHFS) and weighted dual hesitant fuzzy element(WDHFE). Furthermore, we introduce some basic operations such as union, intersection, complement, multiplication and power operation of weighted dual hesitant fuzzy elements, investigate their operation properties, propose the score function and the accuracy function of WDHFE to compare two weighted dual hesitant fuzzy elements, and present two kinds of aggregation operators such as WDHFWA operator and WDHFWG operator to fuse weighted dual hesitant fuzzy information. Besides, we introduce the concept of hesitance degree of WDHFE, and propose a distance measure between weighted dual hesitant fuzzy elements based on the feature vector of WDHFE, which satisfies the four properties including triangle inequality. In addition, we develop an approach to group decision making based on the weighted dual hesitant fuzzy environment. Finally, two numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of our proposed approach.

Anastomotic recurrence after bowel resection is problematic in patients with Crohn's disease. Antimesenteric functional end-to-end handsewn (Kono-S) anastomosis is associated with a low risk of anastomotic recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease.Kono-S anastomosis is effective but may be time-consuming. This study aimed to describe stapled antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomosis for patients with Crohn's disease.The mesentery of the affected bowel segment was divided. A 5-cm-wide stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis was performed approximately 6 cm from the affected segment. The bowel was divided transversely exactly 90° to the intestinal lumen and the mesentery, and a supporting column was then constructed.From January 2018 to June 2021, 17 stapled antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomoses were performed. The mean operative time was 106 (range, 80-135) minutes, and the time to construct the stapled antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomosis was 21 (range, 18-28) minutes. The mean follow-up time was 8.9 (range, 1-15) months. In total, 10 patients underwent surveillance endoscopy. The average Rutgeerts score was 0.8 (range, 0-4), and the incidence of endoscopic recurrence was 11.8%. No postoperative mortality or anastomotic leakage was observed.Stapled antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomosis may be a safe and time-saving procedure for patients with Crohn's disease.Further prospective studies with a large sample size are warranted.

Warthin tumor is a benign salivary gland tumor comprising ductal epithelium and lymphoid stroma. To date, reports about the malignant transformations of intraepithelial and lymphoid components in Warthin tumor are extremely rare; lymphoid malignant transformation into B-cell lymphoma is particularly rare in combination with T-cell lymphoma. The case of Warthin tumor complicated with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma is reported to emphasize the importance of a careful light microscopic evaluation of lymphoid tissue in Warthin tumor for identifying occult lymphoma presence, reducing misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, and determining a timely treatment.Warthin瘤是一种良性唾液腺肿瘤，由导管上皮和淋巴样间质组成，迄今为止，有关Warthin瘤内淋巴成分恶变的报道罕见，且多恶变为B细胞淋巴瘤，合并T细胞淋巴瘤更尤为少见。本文报道1例Warthin瘤合并T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤，旨在强调要对Warthin瘤内的淋巴组织进行仔细的光学显微镜评估，以识别隐匿性淋巴瘤的存在，减少误诊及漏诊并及时治疗。.

Tissue-engineered scaffolds are more commonly used to construct three-dimension­al (3D) tumor models for in vitro studies when compared to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture because the microenvironments provided by the 3D tumor models closely resemble the in vivo system and could achieve higher success rate when the scaffolds are translated for use in pre-clinical animal model. Physical properties, heterogeneity, and cell behaviors of the model could be regulated to simulate different tumors by changing the components and concentrations of materials. In this study, a novel 3D breast tumor model was fabricated by bioprinting using a bioink that consists of porcine liver-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with different concentrations of gelatin and sodium alginate. Primary cells were removed while extracellular matrix components of porcine liver were preserved. The rheolog­ical properties of biomimetic bioinks and the physical properties of hybrid scaffolds were investigated, and we found that the addition of gelatin increased hydrophilia and viscoelasticity, while the addition of alginate increased mechanical properties and porosity. The swelling ratio, compression modulus, and porosity could reach 835.43 ± 130.61%, 9.64 ± 0.41 kPa, and 76.62 ± 4.43%, respectively. L929 cells and the mouse breast tumor cells 4T1 were subsequently inoculated to evaluate biocompatibility of the scaffolds and to form the 3D models. The results showed that all scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility, and the average diameter of tumor spheres could reach 148.52 ± 8.02 μm on 7 d. These findings suggest that the 3D breast tumor model could serve as an effective platform for anticancer drug screening and cancer research in vitro.

Medical imaging is an important tool to make accurate medical diagnosis and disease intervention. Current medical image reconstruction algorithms mainly run on Si-based digital processors with von Neumann architecture, which faces critical challenges to process massive amount of data for high-speed and high-quality imaging. Here, we present a memristive image reconstructor (MIR) to greatly accelerate image reconstruction with discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) by computing-in-memory (CIM) with memristor. To implement DFT on memristor arrays efficiently, we proposed a high-accuracy quasi-analogue mapping (QAM) method and generic complex matrix transfer (CMT) scheme, to improve the mapping precision and transfer efficiency, respectively. With these two strategies, we used MIR to demonstrate high-fidelity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) image reconstructions, achieving software-equivalent qualities with peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNR) of 40.88 dB and 22.38 dB, respectively. The reconstructed images were then segmented using a popular nnU-Net algorithm to further evaluate the reconstruction quality. For the MRI task, the final DICE scores were 0.979 and 0.980 for MIR and software, respectively; while for the CT task, the DICE scores were 0.977 and 0.985 for MIR and software, respectively. These results validated the feasibility of using memristor-reconstructed images for medical diagnosis. Furthermore, our MIR also exhibited more than 153× and 79× improvements in energy efficiency and normalized image reconstruction speed, respectively, compared to graphics processing unit (GPU). This work demonstrates MIR as a promising platform for high-fidelity image reconstruction for future medical diagnosis, and also largely extends the application of memristor-based CIM beyond artificial neural networks.

Human detection in crowded scenes is one of the research components of crowd safety problem analysis, such as emergency warning and security monitoring platforms. Although the existing anchor‐free methods have fast inference speed, they are not suitable for object detection in crowded scenes due to the model's inability to predict the well‐fined object detection bounding boxes. This work proposes an end‐to‐end anchor‐free network, Multi‐dimensional Weighted Cross‐Attention Network (MANet), which can perform real‐time human detection in crowded scenes. Specifically, the Double‐flow Weighted Feature Cascade Module (DW‐FCM) is used in the extractor to highlight the contribution of features at different levels. The Triplet Cross Attention Module (TCAM) is used in the detector head to enhance the association dependence of multi‐dimension features, further strengthening human boundary features' discrimination ability at a fine‐grained level. Moreover, the strategy of Adaptively Opposite Thrust Mapping (AOTM) ground‐truth annotation is proposed to achieve bias correction of erroneous mappings and reduce the iterations of useless learning of the network. These strategies effectively alleviate the defect that the existing anchor‐free network cannot correctly distinguish and locate the individual human in crowded scenes. Compared with the anchor‐based detection method, there is no need to set anchor parameters manually, and the detection speed can satisfy the real‐time application. Finally, through extensive comparative experiments on CrowdHuman and WIDER FACE datasets, the results demonstrate that the improved strategy achieves the state‐of‐the‐art result in the anchor‐free methods.

Iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V) are the main components of the three known biological nitrogenases, which constrain nitrogen fixation and affect ecosystem productivity. Atmospheric deposition is an important pathway of these trace metals into ecosystems. Here, we explored the deposition flux, spatiotemporal pattern, and influencing factors of atmospheric wet Fe, Mo, and V deposition based on China Wet Deposition Observation Network (ChinaWD) data from 2016 to 2020. Our results showed that atmospheric wet Fe, Mo, and V deposition was 7.77 ± 7.24, 0.16 ± 0.11, and 0.13 ± 0.12 mg m

Simvastatin is a prodrug of the potent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. The main purpose of the current study is to assess the accurate function of simvastatin on osteoporosis of extremity bones in aging rats.Fifty 15-month-old SD rats were divided into five groups (four simvastatin groups and one control group). The rats in four simvastatin groups were fed with different doses of simvastatin (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d, respectively) for 3 months, whereas the rats in control group were fed the equal physiological saline. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and the lipid spectrum in serum were measured. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism, osteocalcin (OC), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Trap-5b), were analyzed using ELISA. The content of adipocytes in bone marrow was analyzed by histological staining. Finally, the bone quality of the femur and tibia were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), peri-quantity CT (pQCT), and the 3-point bending biomechanical test.Simvastatin reduced serum triglycerides (TG), and 10 mg/kg/d of simvastatin significantly reduced the content of adipocytes in bone marrow compared to the control group. However, statistically significant differences between the simvastatin groups and the control group were not found in the CA, P, OC, Trap-5b, or the evaluation indexes of bone quality from DEXA, pQCT, and biomechanical tests.Simvastatin could not prevent osteoporosis of the extremity bones in aging rats.

To construct models for predicting reintervention after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD). A total of 192 TBAD patients who underwent TEVAR were included; 68 (35.4%) had indications for reintervention. Clinical characteristics, aorta characteristics on pre- and postoperative computed tomography angiography, and aorta characteristics on immediate postoperative aortic digital subtraction angiography were collected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to identify the risk factors for reintervention. Eight classifiers were used for modeling. The models were trained on 100 train-validation random splits with a ratio of 2:1. The performance was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Seven predictors of reintervention were identified, including maximum false lumen diameter, aortic diameter measured at the level of approximately 15 mm distal to the left subclavian artery, aortic diameter measured at the level of the diaphragm, false lumen diameter measured at the level of the celiac artery, number of bare-metal and covered stents, number of bare-metal stents, and residual perfusion of the false lumen. Logistic regression (LR) yielded the highest performance, with an area under the curve of 0.802. A nomogram built for clinical use showed good calibration. The cutoff value for dividing patients into low- and high-risk subgroups was 0.413. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the overall survival of high-risk patients was significantly shorter than that of low-risk patients (both p < 0.05). Our nomogram could predict the reintervention after TEVAR in patients with TBAD, which may facilitate patient selection and surveillance strategies. • Seven risk factors of reintervention after TEVAR of TBAD were identified for modeling. • Logistic regression performed best in predicting reintervention with an AUC of 0.802. • Patients with a high risk of reintervention had shorter OS than those with a low risk.

A physics-based compact model of reliability degradation in analog resistive random access memory (RRAM) is developed. The model captures the stochastic degradation behaviors of retention, bit yield, and endurance during analog resistive switching. The model is verified with statistical data measured from analog RRAM arrays. Based on this compact model, a device-to-system simulation framework for the computation-in-memory (CIM) system is developed. This simulation framework is a silicon-verified versatile simulator that supports both inference and training, and fully considers the device nonideal effects and circuit constraints. Based on the reliability evaluation results, optimization guidelines to suppress the impact of device reliability degradation are proposed. This work provides a useful device–system codesign tool for developing large-scale CIM systems with high performance.

In silico models have been considered as a promising tool that can be used to screen and identify potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) effectively and assist finally realizing the sustai...

Fasudil has the potential to prevent liver fibrosis by activating natural killer cells and inhibiting the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells. Fasudil may be a promising clinical therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.

The rainwater and rainfall runoff of roofs in the central district of Beijing from June to September in 2019 were sampled and analyzed to study the characteristics of the water quality, the first flush effect, and the main influential factors and sources of pollutants. The results showed that the roof runoff was seriously polluted by total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids whose event mean concentration (EMC) exceeded the fifth level of environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838-2002) (the EMC of suspended solids exceeded the second level of discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plants (GB 18918-2002)). The rainwater was relatively less polluted than the rainfall runoff, but the EMC of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen of the rainwater also exceeded the standard in some rainfall events. The first flush intensity of the rainfall runoffs was between weak and medium. The sequence of strength of the first flush of different pollutants was ammonia nitrogentotal suspended solidschemical oxygen demandtotal nitrogenmercuryzinctotal phosphoruslead. The concentration of total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and total phosphorus in roof runoff were significantly positively correlated with the length of rainfall and the dry period and negatively correlated with the rainfall intensity. According to the results of principal component analysis, the main pollutant in rainwater was nitrogen emitted by vehicles, and the main pollutants in roof runoffs were suspended solids, organic matters, and phosphorus pollutants released from the aging of roofing materials and the corrosion of metal down pipes.

Despite the substantial burden caused by childhood cancer globally, childhood cancer incidence obtained in a nationwide childhood cancer registry and the accessibility of relevant health services are still unknown in China. We comprehensively assessed the most up-to-date cancer incidence in Chinese children and adolescents, nationally, regionally, and in specific population subgroups, and also examined the association between cancer incidence and socioeconomic inequality in access to health services.In this national cross-sectional study, we used data from the National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance, the nationwide Hospital Quality Monitoring System, and public databases to cover 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China. We estimated the incidence of cancer among children (aged 0-14 years) and adolescents (aged 15-19 years) in China through stratified proportional estimation. We classified regions by socioeconomic status using the human development index (HDI). Incidence rates of 12 main groups, 47 subgroups, and 81 subtypes of cancer were reported and compared by sex, age, and socioeconomic status, according to the third edition of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. We also quantified the geographical and population density of paediatric oncologists, pathology workforce, diagnoses and treatment institutions of paediatric cancer, and paediatric beds. We used the Gini coefficient to assess equality in access to these four health service indicators. We also calculated the proportions of cross-regional patients among new cases in our surveillance system.We estimated the incidence of cancer among children (aged 0-14 years) and adolescents (aged 15-19 years) in China from Jan 1, 2018, to Dec 31, 2020. An estimated 121 145 cancer cases were diagnosed among children and adolescents in China between 2018 and 2020, with world standard age-standardised incidence rates of 122·86 (95% CI 121·70-124·02) per million for children and 137·64 (136·08-139·20) per million for adolescents. Boys had a higher incidence rate of childhood cancer (133·18 for boys vs 111·21 for girls per million) but a lower incidence of adolescent cancer (133·92 for boys vs 141·79 for girls per million) than girls. Leukaemias (42·33 per million) were the most common cancer group in children, whereas malignant epithelial tumours and melanomas (30·39 per million) surpassed leukaemias (30·08 per million) in adolescents as the cancer with the highest incidence. The overall incidence rates ranged from 101·60 (100·67-102·51) per million in very low HDI regions to 138·21 (137·14-139·29) per million in high HDI regions, indicating a significant positive association between the incidence of childhood and adolescent cancer and regional socioeconomic status (p0·0001). The incidence in girls showed larger variation (48·45% from the lowest to the highest) than boys (36·71% from lowest to highest) in different socioeconomic regions. The population and geographical densities of most health services also showed a significant positive correlation with HDI levels. In particular, the geographical density distribution (Gini coefficients of 0·32-0·47) had higher inequalities than population density distribution (Gini coefficients of 0·05-0·19). The overall proportion of cross-regional patients of childhood and adolescent cancer was 22·16%, and the highest proportion occurred in retinoblastoma (56·54%) and in low HDI regions (35·14%).Our study showed that the burden of cancer in children and adolescents in China is much higher than previously nationally reported from 2000 to 2015. The distribution of the accessibility of health services, as a social determinant of health, might have a notable role in the socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence among Chinese children and adolescents. With regards to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, policy approaches should prioritise increasing the accessibility of health services for early diagnosis to improve outcomes and subsequently reduce disease burdens, as well as narrowing the socioeconomic inequalities of childhood and adolescent cancer.National Major Science and Technology Projects of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Engineering Consulting Research Project, Wu Jieping Medical Foundation, Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program.

Silicon (Si) is considered a "quasi-essential" nutrient element for plants and is also an essential nutrient for some phytoplankton. Except for the silicate provided by weathering, atmospheric deposition has gradually become an important supplementary method for Si nutrients to enter the ecosystem. However, national observational studies on atmospheric silicon deposition have not yet been reported. Herein, based on the China Wet Deposition Observation Network, we continuously collected monthly wet deposition samples from 43 typical ecosystems from 2013 to 2020 and measured the content of dissolved silica (dSi) in precipitation to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of Si wet deposition in China. The results showed that the mean annual dSi wet deposition in China during 2013-2020 was approximately 2.07 ± 0.27 kg ha

This study aimed to investigate the association between the perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI) and the success of the antegrade percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO).This study evaluated patients with only one CTO lesion observed on conventional coronary angiography (CAG) who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)1 month before CAG, from 2018 to 2019. The clinical data, CCTA-based CTO lesion morphologic characteristics, and perivascular FAI of CTO lesions were recorded and analysed.In total, 156 patients with CTOs were enrolled in this study. Successful antegrade PCI (A-PCI) was achieved in 105 CTO lesions (67.3%). The perivascular FAI of the failed A-PCI group was significantly lower than the successful A-PCI group (-84.76 ± 10.44 Hounsfield unit (HU) vs. -67.54 ± 9.94 HU; p0.001), and the cut-off value determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was -77.50 HU. Multivariable analysis revealed no statistical significance in the clinical data, FAI ≤ -77.50 HU (odds ratio (OR): 33.96), negative remodeling (OR: 4.36), severe calcification degree (OR: 4.43) and occlusion length ≥ 20.25 mm (OR: 3.89) were independent predictors of A-PCI failure. The prediction performance of combining the three morphologic characteristics (severe calcification, occlusion length ≥ 20.25 mm, and negative remodeling) with FAI ≤ -77.50 HU was better than that of the three morphologic characteristics alone (0.93 versus 0.77, p0.001).As a non-invasive index for detecting coronary inflammation, FAI complements indicators based on coronary CTA well and may be helpful for choosing appropriate interventional strategies.• Perivascular FAI of CTO was significantly higher in the failed A-PCI group. • The combination of FAI with other morphological predictors showed higher predictive performance of failed A-PCI for CTOs. • FAI is a good complement to indicators based on coronary CTA.

Background Proper thyroid hormone signaling via the TRα1 nuclear receptor is required for normal neurodevelopmental processes. The specific downstream mechanisms mediated by TRα1 that impact brain development remain to be investigated. Methods In this study, the structure, function and transcriptome of hippocampal tissue in a mouse model expressing the first RTHα mutation discovered in a patient, THRA E403X, were analyzed. RNAscope was used to visualize the spatial and temporal expression of Thra1 mRNA in the hippocampus of WT mice, which is corresponding to THRA1 mRNA in humans. The morphological structure was analyzed by Nissl staining, and the synaptic transmission was analyzed on the basis of long-term potentiation. The Morris water maze test and the zero maze test were used to evaluate the behavior. RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the hippocampal tissues in the mouse model expressing the Thra E403X mutation. Results The juvenile mutant Thra E403X mice presented with delayed neuronal migration, disordered neuronal distribution, and decreased synaptic plasticity. A total of 754 DEGs, including 361 upregulated genes and 393 downregulated genes, were identified by RNA-seq. DEG-enriched Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways were associated with PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM−receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand−receptor interaction, and a range of immune-related pathways. 25 DEGs were validated by qPCR. Conclusions The ThraE403X mutation results in histological and functional abnormalities, as well as transcriptomic alterations in the juvenile mouse hippocampus. This study of the ThraE403X mutant offers new insights into the biological cause of RTHα-associated neurological diseases.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the social environment of most laborers around the world and has profoundly affected people’s ontological security and behavior choices. Among them, the migrant workers are one of the groups most affected by the pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This study explored the mechanism of the impact of the scarcity of ontological security caused by the pandemic on the risk-taking tendency of migrant workers in China through two studies. METHODS: This study adopts two experimental method, with 514 participants in the first study and 357 participants in the second study. RESULTS: The results show that the pandemic-induced scarcity perception of ontological security promotes their risk-taking tendency, and the migrant workers’ cognitive reflection ability, sense of unfairness and expected benefits play a significant mediating role in this process. The scarcity perception of ontological security promotes migrant workers’ risk-taking tendency by reducing the cognitive reflection ability, triggering the sense of unfairness and overstating expected benefits. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion of this study can help migrant workers, enterprises and government to avoid potential workplace and social bad behavior.

Hydromagnesite was calcined into light-burned magnesia, and the effects of calcination conditions, such as the size fraction of the ore and calcination temperature, and holding time on the loss on ignition and MgO grade were investigated. The calcination mechanism of hydromagnesite ore was analyzed by characterizing the calcinate with respect to its chemical and physical properties. The results indicate that the most suitable particle size of the ore is −2 mm and calcination after grinding leads to the incomplete decomposition of the hydromagnesite ore. With an increase in calcination temperature and holding time, the loss on ignition of calcination and MgO grade of light-burned magnesia was higher until the calcination temperature is 900°C for 3 h, after which the hydromagnesite ore was completely decomposed. At 800°C, the gangue aragonite was completely decomposed. As the calcination temperature increased, the crystal form of periclase became perfect and the crystal grain size increased.

This study investigates the attributes that influence tourists from different cultures by analyzing a big data set of online reviews. The findings highlight the differences between Chinese-speaking...

In this article, we review the existing analog resistive switching memory (RSM) devices and their hardware technologies for in-memory learning, as well as their challenges and prospects. Since the characteristics of the devices are different for in-memory learning and digital memory applications, it is important to have an in-depth understanding across different layers from devices and circuits to architectures and algorithms. First, based on a top-down view from architecture to devices for analog computing, we define the main figures of merit (FoMs) and perform a comprehensive analysis of analog RSM hardware including the basic device characteristics, hardware algorithms, and the corresponding mapping methods for device arrays, as well as the architecture and circuit design considerations for neural networks. Second, we classify the FoMs of analog RSM devices into two levels. Level 1 FoMs are essential for achieving the functionality of a system (e.g., linearity, symmetry, dynamic range, level numbers, fluctuation, variability, and yield). Level 2 FoMs are those that make a functional system more efficient and reliable (e.g., area, operational voltage, energy consumption, speed, endurance, retention, and compatibility with back-end-of-line processing). By constructing a device-to-application simulation framework, we perform an in-depth analysis of how these FoMs influence in-memory learning and give a target list of the device requirements. Lastly, we evaluate the main FoMs of most existing devices with analog characteristics and review optimization methods from programming schemes to materials and device structures. The key challenges and prospects from the device to system level for analog RSM devices are discussed.

OBJECTIVE To identify left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanics predictors of LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). METHODS Thirty-nine adults with HCM and 21 controls underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance. The feature tracking (FT) analysis results of HCM patients with and without LVOTO and controls were compared. RESULTS Global radial strain measured on the short-axis slice (GRS-SAX) (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.15; P < 0.01), global longitudinal strain measured on the long-axis slice (GLS-LAX) (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.21-2.73; P < 0.01) and GRS measured on the long-axis slice (GRS-LAX) (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13; P = 0.02) were independent predictors of LVOTO. The combination of GRS-SAX plus GLS-LAX and GRS-LAX showed great discriminatory power for identifying LVOTO with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.81-1.00). CONCLUSIONS In adult HCM patients, GRS-SAX, GLS-LAX, and GRS-LAX were independent predictors of LVOTO. The combination of GRS-SAX plus GLS-LAX and GRS-LAX showed great discriminatory power for identifying LVOTO.

Developing highly efficient and economical co-catalysts to enhance the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance has received extensive attention in the last few years. Herein, cauliflower-like Mn0.2Cd0.8S (MCS) decorated with ReS2 nanosheets was hydrothermally fabricated and exhibited an enhanced H2 evolution activity. The 5 wt% ReS2/MCS composite obtained an optimal H2 evolution rate of 17.31 mmol g−1 h−1, which was approximately a 10-fold improvement over that of pure MCS. The coupling of MnxCd1−xS and ReS2 could form superior interfacial contacts between the two components and offer a feasible route to promote the charge separation efficiency. Moreover, as a co-catalyst, the two-dimensional nanosheet structure of ReS2 was conducive to exposing more active sites to boost surface H2 evolution reactions.

Gas–liquid discharge non-thermal plasma (NTP) coupled with an ozonation reactor was used to investigate the removal of a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, chloroxylenol (PCMX), from aqueous solution. Under the same experimental conditions (discharge power of 50.25 W, the initial concentration of PCMX of 60 mg L−1, oxygen flow of 1.0 L min−1 and PCMX solution flow of 150 mL min−1), the PCMX degradation rates in the ozonation-only, NTP-only and NTP/O3 systems were 29.25%, 67.04% and 79.43%, respectively. Correspondingly, the energy efficiency has also been greatly improved, and increased to 0.45, 1.03 and 1.21 g kW−1 h−1. In addition, the effects of the initial concentration of PCMX, initial pH, the flow rate of oxygen, the addition of H2O2 and the addition of a radical scavenger on the degradation rate of PCMX were investigated in the NTP/O3 system. The degradation rate in acidic solutions was higher than that in alkaline solutions. During the removal process of PCMX, the rate of degradation was strongly increased with the addition of H2O2 and acutely decreased with the addition of the radical scavenger. Compared with deionized water the degradation rates of PCMX in secondary effluent were inhibited. Four main intermediates of PCMX degradation by the NTP/O3 system were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a possible degradation pathway of PCMX was proposed. The changes in toxicity of the PCMX solution during the NTP/O3 system oxidation process were also evaluated using bioluminescent bacteria and Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) models with the help of the ECOSAR software.

Identifying tiny objects from extremely low-resolution (LR) unmanned-aerial-vehicle-based remote sensing images is generally considered as a very challenging task, because of very limited information in the object areas. In recent years, there have been very limited attempts to approach this problem. These attempts intend to deal with LR image classification by enhancing either the poor image quality or image representations. In this article, we argue that the performance improvement in LR image classification is affected by the inconsistency of the information loss and learning priority on low-frequency (LF) components and high-frequency (HF) components. To address this LF–HF inconsistency problem, we propose a dual-stream representation learning generative adversarial network ( DRL -GAN). The core idea is to produce enhanced image representations optimal for LR recognition by simultaneously recovering the missing information in LF and HF components, respectively, under the guidance of high-resolution (HR) images. We evaluate the performance of DRL -GAN on the challenging task of LR image classification. A comparison of the experimental results on the LR benchmark, namely HRSC and CIFAR-10, and our newly collected ‘WIDER-SHIP’ dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of our DRL -GAN, which significantly improves the classification performance, with up to 10% gain on average.

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are one of the promising candidates for next generation electronics due to their solution processability and good performance superior to amorphous Si devices. Patterning the organic layer is necessary in practical applications to prevent cross talk between different devices. Here, we reported a novel solution processed, high-resolution patterning method named as stencil mask defined doctor blade printing to fabricate regularly patterned organic single crystal arrays. The size of one pattern is around 30 μm, which is smaller than the droplet diameter of conventional inkjet printing. The OFETs based on organic single crystal patterns exhibit extremely low off-state current and high on/off current ratio close to 1010 as well as good device uniformity. The low off-state current demonstrates the potential of the OFET array for low-power or high-performance optical sensing applications. In addition, the short channel OFET array exhibits good frequency response operating at 20 kHz. This work provides an effective patterning strategy to realize solution processed large-area, high-resolution organic single crystal arrays.