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Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a widespread and significant clinical condition among neonates worldwide. This study aims at identifying the main risk factors, either socio-demographic, maternal or neonatal, that contribute to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia among hospitalized neonates in the Gaza Strip. The study is designed in a case-control fashion. The sample consists of 180 neonates (90 cases and 90 controls). Cases were selected from Al- Nasser pediatric hospital and Naser Medical Complex, while controls were selected from Khanyou ILS Martyrs clinic and Al-Remal Martyrs clinic. The researcher used an interview-structured questionnaire in the data collection process.Study results reveal that there is a significant association between family income and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (P value < 0.05). Among maternal factors; bivariate test by person’s chi-square revealed that there were significant associations between hyperbilirubinemia and the mothers’ blood group, maternal anemia and pregnancy disorders (P value < 0.05). Concerning neonatal factors, bivariate analysis usinga person’s chi-square showed that birth weight and feeding practices that include feeding method, feeding initiation time, feeding difficulty, and feeding frequency were statistically significant risk factors for developing hyperbilirubinemia (P value < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify the main predictors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The results showed that there was a statistically significant association between hyperbilirubinemia and family income groups; < 1800 ILS (AOR: 23.345, 95% CI: 2.083-261.688) and > 2300 ILS (reference …

Aims This study was undertaken to assess the perception of nurses about patient safety culture and to test whether it is significantly affected by the nurses’ position, age, experience and working hours. Background Patient safety has sparked the interest of healthcare mangers, yet there is limited knowledge about the current patient safety culture among nurses in the Gaza Strip. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, administering the Arabic Safety Attitude Questionnaire (Short Form 2006) to 210 nurses in four public general hospitals. Results Job Satisfaction was the most highly perceived factor affecting patient safety, followed by Perception of Management. Safety culture varied across nursing position, age, work experience and working hours. Nurse Managers had more positive attitudes towards patients than frontline clinicians did. The more experience nurses had, the better their attitudes towards patient safety. Nurses who worked the minimum weekly required hours and who were 35 years and older had better attitudes towards all patient safety dimensions except for Stress Recognition. Nurses with a positive attitude had better collaboration with healthcare professionals than those without a positive attitude. Limitation Generalization is limited, as nurses who worked in private and specialized hospitals were excluded. Conclusion Evaluation of the safety culture is the essential starting point to identify hindrances or drivers for safe patient care. Job Satisfaction, Perception of Management and Teamwork necessitate reinforcement, while Working Conditions, Stress Recognition and Safety Climate require improvement. Implications for nursing and health policy Ensuring job satisfaction through adequate staffing levels, providing incentives and maintaining a collegial environment require both strategic planning and institutional policies at the higher administrative level. Creation of a non-punitive and learning environment, promoting open communication and fostering continuous education should be fundamental aspects of hospital management. A policy of mixing experienced nurses with inexperienced nurses should be considered.

The majority of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) uses an insulin pen for convenience, accessibility, accuracy and reduced injection pain. We report the first case of an insulin pen needle breaking off at the base and becoming embedded in the soft tissue of the abdominal wall. The mother of a 4-year-old boy with T1D injected the boy with long acting insulin using an insulin pen while he was sleeping. He kicked his mother dislodging the needle from the pen and embedding it in the soft tissue of the abdominal wall.

Objetivos: Este estudio fue realizado para evaluar la percepción de las enfermeras sobre la cultura de seguridad del paciente y comprobar si está considerablemente afectada por la posición, la edad, la experiencia y las horas de trabajo de las enfermeras. Antecedentes: La seguridad de los pacientes ha despertado el interés de los gestores sanitarios, sin embargo, hay conocimientos limitados sobre la actual cultura de seguridad del paciente entre enfermeras en la Franja de Gaza. Métodos: Este fue un estudio descriptivo transversal, que administró el Cuestionario Árabe de Actitud de Seguridad (Forma Abreviada 2006) a 210 enfermeras en cuatro hospitales generales públicos. Resultados: La Satisfacción Laboral fue el factor que afecta a la seguridad del paciente más percibido, seguido de la Percepción de la Gestión. La cultura de seguridad varió según la posición en la enfermería, la edad, la experiencia laboral y las horas de trabajo. Las enfermeras gestoras tuvieron actitudes más positivas hacia los pacientes que los médicos de primera línea. Cuanto mayor experiencia tengan las enfermeras, mejores se rán sus actitudes hacia la seguridad del paciente. Las enfermeras que trabajaban el mínimo de horas semanales requeridas y que tenían 35 años o más tuvieron mejores actitudes hacia todas las dimensiones de seguridad del paciente excepto para el Reconocimiento del Estrés. Las enfermeras con una actitud positiva tuvieron una mejor colaboración con los profesionales sanitarios que aquellas sin una actitud positiva.

Objectives To measure and establish a baseline assessment of the patient safety culture in the Palestinian hospitals. Design A cross-sectional descriptive study using the Arabic version of the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (Short Form 2006). Participants A total of 339 nurses and physicians returned the questionnaire out of 370 achieving a response rate of 91.6%. Setting Four public general hospitals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Methods Nurses and physicians were randomly selected using a proportionate random sampling. Data analysis performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20, and p value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. Main outcomes measures Current status of patient safety culture among healthcare providers and percentage of positive attitudes. Results Male to female ratio was 2.16:1, and mean age was 36.5 ± 9.4 years. The mean score of Arabic Safety Attitude Questionnaire across the six dimensions on 100-point scale ranged between 68.5 for Job Satisfaction and 48.5 for Working Condition. The percentage of respondents holding a positive attitude was 34.5% for Teamwork Climate, 28.4% for Safety Climate, 40.7% for Stress Recognition, 48.8% for Job Satisfaction, 11.3% for Working Conditions and 42.8% for Perception of Management. Healthcare workers holding positive attitudes had better collaboration with co-workers than those without positive attitudes. Conclusion Findings are useful to formulate a policy on patient safety culture and targeted a specific safety culture dimension to improve the safety of patients and improve the clinical outcomes within healthcare organisations.

Background: People with chronic mental illness have poorer physical health and higher mortality than the general population. We investigated lifestyle factors in people with mental illness across four countries and compared with a normative sample.Design and methods: Data were collected from N = 672 people (Germany, n = 375; Palestine, n = 192; London, n = 63; Australia, n = 42) with substance abuse disorder (n = 224), schizophrenia (n = 158), mood disorders (n = 227), and somatoform disorders (n = 63). The General Health Behaviour Questionnaire measured behaviors and knowledge related to nutrition, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, sleep, life satisfaction, and wellbeing. The normative samples were derived from a German population (N = 1,019). Data were analyzed using ANOVAs and t-tests. Results: The Palestine sample did not differ from the Western samples on reported life satisfaction and wellbeing. However, they reported unhealthier diets, less physical activity, and lower knowledge about the impact of diet, physical activity, smoking, and sleep on health than the Western samples. Comparing the Western and normative samples, people with mental illness reported lower intake of healthy foods/drinks, higher intake of unhealthy foods, higher exercise, higher alcohol consumption, less cigarettes, less sleep, and more sleep problems. Their knowledge was lower for nutrition, physical activity, and smoking. All participants reported lower life satisfaction and wellbeing than the normative sample (P-values

Aims and objectives. To assess the current use of patient satisfaction measures in home health care and to examine the reliability and validity of current measures of patient satisfaction in home health care. Background. Patient satisfaction has been one of the widely used measures in home health care as an indicator of quality of care. A few efforts have been made to develop psychometrically sound patient satisfaction scales for use in home health care. Design. A critical review of the literature. Methods. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify the studies or publications that measured and addressed patient satisfaction and its measurement in home health care. Results. The review of the literature showed that patient satisfaction measures have been used in the evaluation of care programmes including rehabilitation programmes, discharge and home follow-up programmes, care process and management practices. Also, patient satisfaction measures were used to evaluate new care protocols and treatments. Conclusions. Home healthcare agencies need valid and reliable patient satisfaction scales. Frameworks of patient satisfaction are still in their early developmental stage. Only some of the variables related to patient satisfaction are explained by many frameworks. Relevance to clinical practice. Home healthcare mangers and researchers need to take in consideration the reliability and validity of measures and tools of patient satisfaction.

According to the Lawson–Woodward theorem, an electron cannot gain any energy from interaction with an ideal plane-wave laser pulse. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that chirping the frequency of the pulse distorts it in a sensitive way and leads to net energy gain by an electron submitted to it.

Background and aim. Metabolic syndrome is recognised as a potential risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The association between metabolic factors and hepatitis C (HCV)-related HCC has not yet been well clarified. This study was conducted to elucidate the role of metabolic factors in HCV-related HCC. Material and methods. We recruited 147 HCC patients and compared them with 147 matched CHC patients and 320 controls. The plasma levels of homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR), adiponectin and lipids for all participants were assessed. Results. The HCC group showed significantly higher levels of insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR and adiponectin as well as lower levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides compared with the matched CHC patients and controls. HOMA-IR did not correlate with pathologic features of HCC, whereas serum adiponectin levels correlated positively with the size of tumour nodules (P = 0.009). Based on stepwise logistic regression analysis, age (OR: 1.456, 95% CI: 1.0721.979, P < 0.01), HOMA-IR (OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.70-3.69, P = 0.001), and adiponectin (OR: 1.585, 95% CI: 1.2691.980, P = 0.001) were independently associated with HCC. Conclusions. Metabolic abnormalities are closely associated with the occurrence and development of HCV-related HCC. Patients with CHC and high serum adiponectin levels face a higher risk of developing liver cancer. Insulin resistance, as measured by HOMA-IR, is significantly associated with HCV-related HCC.

Background & aim. Metabolic abnormalities are common in chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC). However, the genotypic differences of these disarrangements in patients infected with CHC genotype 4 (HCV-4) and its association with liver histology and viral loads remain unknown. Material and methods. We consecutively enrolled 183 HCV-4 patients and 106 healthy matched controls; to compare metabolic profiles and assess pattern of association of HCV RNA levels as well as histological factors with the serum lipid profile. Results. HCV-4 infection is associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, despite that, a favourable lipid pattern, consisting of an elevation in HDL- C and a reduction in serum cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and triglyceride (TG) levels, in comparison with normal matched adults. Significant fibrosis was independently associated with HOMA-IR, portal/periportal inflammation grade, serum cholesterol and age. Univariate association was elucidated between lower LDL-C and TC and Metavir activity score and between higher TG and TC and steatosis. In multivariate analysis, severe hepatitis activity, milder hepatic fibrosis, and triglyceride levels are associated with higher HCV RNA levels. Conclusion. HCV-4 is associated with wide metabolic changes. A proportional relationship is found between serum lipid profiles and hepatitis C viral load and liver histology in patients with HCV-4.

Encouraged by recent advances in radially-polarized laser technology, simulations have been performed of electron acceleration by a tightly-focused, ultra-short pulse in a parabolic plasma micro-channel. Milli-joule laser pulses, generated at kHz repetition rates, are shown to produce electron bunches of MeV energy, pC charge, low emittance and low divergence. The pivotal role played by the channel length in controlling the process is demonstrated, and the roles of direct and wakefield acceleration are distinguished.

Two interfering ultra-high intensity laser beams of radial polarization are shown to accelerate protons, in vacuum, to several GeV. Both co-propagating and counter-propagating beams of slightly different frequencies and amplitudes are considered. The accelerated protons have energy gradients of several hundred GeV/m, less than 1% energy spread and very little spatial diffraction.

Holocarboxylase synthetase catalyzes the covalent binding of biotin to histones in humans and other eukaryotes. Eleven biotinylation sites have been identified in histones H2A, H3, and H4. K12-biotinylated histone H4 is enriched in heterochromatin, repeat regions, and plays a role in gene repression. About 30% of the histone H4 molecules are biotinylated at K12 in histone H4 in human fibroblast telomeres. The abundance of biotinylated histones at distinct genomic loci depends on biotin availability. Decreased histone biotinylation decreases life span and stress resistance in Drosophila. Low enrichment of biotinylated histones at transposable elements impairs repression of these elements.

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that serves as an essential coenzyme for five carboxylases in mammals. Biotin-dependent carboxylases catalyze the fixation of bicarbonate in organic acids and play crucial roles in the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids and glucose. Carboxylase activities decrease substantially in response to biotin deficiency. Biotin is also covalently attached to histones; biotinylated histones are enriched in repeat regions in the human genome and appear to play a role in transcriptional repression of genes and genome stability. Biotin deficiency may be caused by insufficient dietary uptake of biotin, drug-vitamin interactions and, perhaps, by increased biotin catabolism during pregnancy and in smokers. Biotin deficiency can also be precipitated by decreased activities of the following proteins that play critical roles in biotin homeostasis: the vitamin transporters sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter and monocarboxylate transporter 1, which mediate biotin transport in the intestine, liver and peripheral tissues, and renal reabsorption; holocarboxylase synthetase, which mediates the binding of biotin to carboxylases and histones; and biotinidase, which plays a central role in the intestinal absorption of biotin, the transport of biotin in plasma and the regulation of histone biotinylation. Symptoms of biotin deficiency include seizures, hypotonia, ataxia, dermatitis, hair loss, mental retardation, ketolactic acidosis, organic aciduria and also fetal malformations. This review focuses on the deficiencies of both biotin and biotinidase, and the medical management of such cases.

Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans, isolated from a traditional sourdough bread culture and previously shown to have antifungal activity against Fusarium species, was tested for inhibition of growth of Fusarium proliferatum M 5991 and M 5689 and F. graminearum R 4053 in a liquid medium setting. This isolate completely inhibited the growth of F. proliferatum M 5689 and M 5991 and F. graminearum R 4053, whereas such growth was not inhibited in the control in a supernatant agar plate assay. When this isolate was tested using 2M medium (MRS-modified Myro media) known for supporting Fusarium growth and trichothecene production, it was found to inhibit fungal growth but promote mycotoxin production at the same time. The antifungal activity was determined to be the result of organic acids and low pH. The mechanism of the mycotoxin production promotion requires further investigation.

Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from four different sourdough bread cultures previously investigated for antifungal activity. A total of 116 isolates were obtained and screened for antifungal activity against a battery of molds. The most inhibitory isolate obtained was identified by API 50 CHL and 16s ribosomal RNA genotyping and found to be Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans. This isolate completely inhibited the growth of Fusarium proliferatum M 5689, M 5991 and Fusarium graminearum R 4053 compared to controls in a dual agar plate assay.

This qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore the lived experience of refugee women residing in Gaza Strip following a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The study design was informed by grounded theory analysis. Twenty women who were recently diagnosed with GDM were recruited from the United Nations Relief and Work Agency (UNRWA) primary health care clinics in the Gaza Strip. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: lack of awareness, coping with the situation, and maintaining sustainability. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our findings highlight the positive and negative magnitudes experience among GDM women to sustain a new lifestyle, which may inform the UNRWA health care professionals to focus on the barriers that prevent sustaining a healthy life style after the diagnosis of GDM to prevent diabetes type IIin the future. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore the lived experience of refugee women residing in Gaza Strip following a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The study design was informed by grounded theory analysis. Twenty women who were recently diagnosed with GDM were recruited from the United Nations Relief and Work Agency (UNRWA) primary health care clinics in the Gaza Strip. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: lack of awareness, coping with the situation, and maintaining sustainability. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our findings highlight the positive and negative magnitudes experience among GDM women to sustain a new lifestyle, which may inform the UNRWA health care professionals to focus on the barriers that prevent sustaining a healthy life style after the diagnosis of GDM to prevent diabetes type IIin the future.

© Medwell Journals, 2016.Mulussa F formation is one of the important geological formations constituting the Mulussa group in Syria. The objective of this research is to review of sediments Mulussa F formation. Its deposits contain almost 50% of hydrocarbon potential through Euphrates Graben. Boreholes data permitted confining the formation between two Lithostratigraphic markers and enabled its division into three Lithostratigraphic members MUF3, MUF2, MUF1 (from bottom to top). Each member consists of a set of units, subunits and lithologic intervals. Petrology studying provides a precise petrological description of various formation members and their Digenetic. Results show that the members of the structure are composed of continental detrital sediments made up of clay stones (Kaolinite/Illite) and Shale/Dolomitic clay stone, covered by intervals of quartz sandstones, clay sandstones and silt sandstones. The carbonate sediments are absent from the formation unless it's base which consists of Dolomitic clay stone and its top which are close to carbonate composition. This sediment of those members spread out as repeated or harmonic alternations whose faces gradients reflect transgression and regression sequences. Due to the historical value of Mulussa F formation, it is vital to investigate its sediments status. The study of these sediments leads to represent narrow barriers near river mouth with meandering channels and limited coastal deposits.

This study aimed to assess the level of posttraumatic stress disorder and to examine the relationship between exposure to war stress and posttraumatic symptoms among health care providers following Israeli offensives against Gaza Strip in 2014. Methodology: A cross-sectional design was used for this study. We targeted all nurses and doctors working in three governmental hospitals in the Gaza Strip and worked with victims of the last war, more specifically, those who were working in emergency departments, intensive care units, operating rooms, surgical departments, and burn units. A demographic sheet and Impact Event Scale–Revisedwere used in this study. The Impact Event Scale–Revised has three sub-scales; intrusion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal. Results: The results showed that 291 (89.8%) of 324 participants had scores more than 35 (threshold cut-off point) on the Impact Event Scale–Revised. Scores ranged from zero to 80 with a mean of 52.13. Females had higher levels of stress (55.79) than males (51.63) and nurses (54.85) had more stress than physicians (47.38). The most frequent symptoms of trauma subscales was “avoidance” (mean = 20.04), followed by “intrusion” (mean = 17.83), and then “hyper-arousal” (mean = 14.27). Levels of trauma symptoms were not affected by place of living, hospital of work, while level of education had impacted level of trauma. Conclusion: The findings showed that health care providers suffered from severe posttraumatic symptoms after exposure to prolonged war stress. This level of trauma among health care providers warrants intervention programs to reduce stress and trauma among Gaza health care providers after the war. This study aimed to assess the level of posttraumatic stress disorder and to examine the relationship between exposure to war stress and posttraumatic symptoms among health care providers following Israeli offensives against Gaza Strip in 2014. Methodology: A cross-sectional design was used for this study. We targeted all nurses and doctors working in three governmental hospitals in the Gaza Strip and worked with victims of the last war, more specifically, those who were working in emergency departments, intensive care units, operating rooms, surgical departments, and burn units. A demographic sheet and Impact Event Scale–Revisedwere used in this study. The Impact Event Scale–Revised has three sub-scales; intrusion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal. Results: The results showed that 291 (89.8%) of 324 participants had scores more than 35 (threshold cut-off point) on the Impact Event Scale–Revised. Scores ranged from zero to 80 with a mean of 52.13. Females had higher levels of stress (55.79) than males (51.63) and nurses (54.85) had more stress than physicians (47.38). The most frequent symptoms of trauma subscales was “avoidance” (mean = 20.04), followed by “intrusion” (mean = 17.83), and then “hyper-arousal” (mean = 14.27). Levels of trauma symptoms were not affected by place of living, hospital of work, while level of education had impacted level of trauma. Conclusion: The findings showed that health care providers suffered from severe posttraumatic symptoms after exposure to prolonged war stress. This level of trauma among health care providers warrants intervention programs to reduce stress and trauma among Gaza health care providers after the war.

The study aimed to understand the factors motivating nurses to move from government-run hospitals to primary health care (PHC) centers in the Gaza Governorates. A descriptive analytical method approach was used in all 13 hospitals administered by the Ministry of Health in the Gaza Strip. A total of 105 questionnaires were distributed, representing the entire study population. The results of the study showed that the main causes of nurses’ intention to leave government hospitals for PHCs in the Gaza Strip are the long work shifts, followed by the complex amount and nature of the work, and the fact that a democratic style is applied in hospitals. A statistically significant relationship exists between the work environments within certain departments. This study recommended the following, in order to reduce the rate of nurses’ transitions from government hospitals to PHCs: a review and activation of job descriptions; the provision of nurse managers/supervisors with training programs on the art of management; improving the work environment, in terms of buildings and infrastructure; and improving security and patient care.

This study was conducted to assess indoor air quality (IAQ) in three neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), which were chosen to geographically represent the Gaza strip. The study collected both: objective temperature and air quality measures ofcarbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), temperature, relative humidity (RH%) and suspended particles (PM10, PM2.5); and clinical staff perceptions of indoor air quality and its impact. The study conducted daily air quality measurements between 4 March until 22 March 2013, and gathered 108 questionnaires. The study showed that the average concentrations of carbon dioxide were often close to the maximum standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and sometimes exceed the limit, especially in the NICU of Shifa Hospital. Temperature fell within normal ranges, but approached recommended limits at Shifa Hospital. Carbon monoxide and suspended particle concentrations and relative humidity were within the standards recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency in all three NICUs. More than half of the clinical staff (60%) suffered from sick building syndrome, 83% suffer from tiredness and fatigue, and 76% suffer from headache. Nearly 85% believe that these symptoms are related to their workplace, and 71% report disappearance of the symptoms after they leave work. We conclude that indoor air quality merits more attention from the Ministry of Health, and that NICU staff be engaged around issues of environmental health. This study was conducted to assess indoor air quality (IAQ) in three neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), which were chosen to geographically represent the Gaza strip. The study collected both: objective temperature and air quality measures ofcarbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), temperature, relative humidity (RH%) and suspended particles (PM10, PM2.5); and clinical staff perceptions of indoor air quality and its impact. The study conducted daily air quality measurements between 4 March until 22 March 2013, and gathered 108 questionnaires. The study showed that the average concentrations of carbon dioxide were often close to the maximum standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and sometimes exceed the limit, especially in the NICU of Shifa Hospital. Temperature fell within normal ranges, but approached recommended limits at Shifa Hospital. Carbon monoxide and suspended particle concentrations and relative humidity were within the standards recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency in all three NICUs. More than half of the clinical staff (60%) suffered from sick building syndrome, 83% suffer from tiredness and fatigue, and 76% suffer from headache. Nearly 85% believe that these symptoms are related to their workplace, and 71% report disappearance of the symptoms after they leave work. We conclude that indoor air quality merits more attention from the Ministry of Health, and that NICU staff be engaged around issues of environmental health.

The study aimed to examine the relationship between organizational commitment and job performance among workers in the military medical services in the Gaza Strip. The sample consisted of all workers (195 participants) in military medical services who have two or more job performance. The response rate was 95%. The researcher used self-administered questionnaire for data collection and the currently in use job performance sheet in military medical services in Gaza Strip. The result showed that there is a high level of organizational commitment among workers in the military medical services in the Gaza Strip in all domains. Also there is a high level of job performance among workers in the military medical services in the Gaza Strip. In addition, the result showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational commitment and job performance among workers in the military medical services in the Gaza Strip. The study recommends that the directorate of military medical services administration in the Gaza Strip to focus and to pay attention about the importance of organizational commitment and its impact on job performance. Also they need to strengthen the relationship between workers in the military medical services and their leaders to enhance level of organizational commitment. هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى العلاقة بين الالتزام التنظيمي والأداء الوظيفي للعاملين في الخدمات الطبية العسكرية بقطاع غزة، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة أعد الباحث استبانة لجمع البيانات اللازمة من مصادرها لتحقيق تلك الأهداف، وقد اعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لإجراء الدراسة والاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع المعلومات، حيث تكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع العاملين في الخدمات الطبية العسكرية بقطاع غزة، والذين لديهم تقيمان فأكثر خلال السنوات السابقة والبالغ عددهم (195) موظفاً وموظفة، وقد تم توزيع الاستبانة عليهم واسترداد عدد (181) استبانة. وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة 1. وجود مستوى كبير من الالتزام التنظيمي بأبعاده لدى العاملين في الخدمات الطبية العسكرية بقطاع غزة. 2. وجود مستوى كبير من الأداء الوظيفي لدى العاملين في الخدمات الطبية العسكرية بقطاع غزة. التوصيات: 1. ضرورة أن يحظى موضوع الالتزام التنظيمي باهتمام القائمين على إدارة مديرية الخدمات الطبية العسكرية بقطاع غزة لما له من أهمية على الأداء الوظيفي. 2. ضروري العمل على زيادة الشعور بالانتماء للخدمات الطبية العسكرية من خلال التواصل من العاملين وإشعارهم بمدى أهمية العمل الذي يقومون فيه في ظل الحصار وسياسة التضييق على قطاع غزة، الأمر الذي يجعلهم يتغلبون على قلة الرواتب، والوضع الاقتصادي السيئ.

Analytic expressions for the electric and magnetic fields of an ultrashort, tightly focused, linearly polarized laser pulse are derived, to lowest order of a truncated power-series expansion, from vector and scalar potentials. Clear steps are described for the analytic and numerical evaluation of higher-order terms in the series, to any desired accuracy.

Analytic expressions for the electric and magnetic fields of a radially polarized ultrashort and tightly focused laser pulse, propagating in vacuum, are derived from scalar and vector potentials satisfying simple initial conditions. It is shown that for a pulse of axial length comparable to a wavelength, only the zeroth (lowest-order) term in a power-series expansion of the vector potential is needed. A procedure is outlined which may be used to obtain the fields analytically, to any desired order. Most of the needed analytic work is done that would lead to the vector potential from which the fields may be derived and the main expressions are given.

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was among the most commonly used pesticides after the Second World War. The extensive use of this hydrocarbon for almost six decades has created a contamination problem on a global scale, and bioremediation methods are being extensively explored. The reported ability of some Devosia species to grow in the presence of appreciable amounts of hydrocarbons (2,000 mg/kg of contaminated soil) is attracting closer attention. Here, we report the de novo genome assembly of two hydrocarbon-tolerating Devosia isolates, D. chinhatensis strain IPL18 T and D. geojensis strain BD-c194 T , as a first step toward understanding the metabolic pathways involved in their environmental adaptation and tolerance toward hydrocarbons.

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was among the most commonly used pesticides after the Second World War. The extensive use of this hydrocarbon for almost six decades has created a contamination problem on a global scale, and bioremediation methods are being extensively explored. The reported ability of some Devosia species to grow in the presence of appreciable amounts of hydrocarbons (2,000 mg/kg of contaminated soil) is attracting closer attention. Here, we report the de novo genome assembly of two hydrocarbon-tolerating Devosia isolates, D. chinhatensis strain IPL18(T) and D. geojensis strain BD-c194(T), as a first step toward understanding the metabolic pathways involved in their environmental adaptation and tolerance toward hydrocarbons.

Agricultural soils constitute highly diverse ecosystems with very rich bacterial populations. Recent studies employing next-generation sequencing techniques have begun to explore the dynamics of bacterial species of such soils and utilized metagenomics approaches to understand how the diversity in soil microorganisms is affected or modified by agricultural practices. Understanding any microorganism's environmental adaptability in the genomic era starts by fully appreciating their encoding genome. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three Devosia species based on three type strains that originated from soil samples: D. insulae strain DS-56, D. limi strain DSM17137, and D. soli strain GH2-10.

Analytic expressions for the fields of a tightly focused Gaussian laser beam are derived, accurate to e11, where e is the diffraction angle. It is found that, for example, using the derived fields, the calculated power can be about 25% more accurate than when calculated using the paraxial approximation for a beam focused down to a waist radius w0∼0.4λ, where λ is the wavelength.

Recent advances in laser technology have pushed the frontier of maximum intensity achieved to about 10 22 W / cm 2 and investigators currently believe even higher intensities may be reached in the near future. This, combined with other breakthroughs on the fronts of short pulse generation and high repetition rates, have stimulated considerable progress, theoretical as well as experimental, in the field of laser–matter interactions. It is now possible to laser-accelerate electrons to a few hundred MeV and laser-induced pair-production and nuclear physics experiments have made significant progress. This article is devoted to a review of the recent advances in the field and stresses quantum phenomena that require laser field intensities in excess of the relativistic threshold of ∼ 10 18 W / cm 2 . Interactions with free electrons, with highly-charged ions and with atoms and clusters, are reviewed. Electron laser acceleration, atomic quantum dynamics, high harmonic generation, quantum electrodynamical effects and nuclear interactions in plasmas and ions, are among the important topics covered in the article.

The dynamics of electrons injected sideways into the focal region of a tightly-focused laser beam of present-day intensity is studied by numerically solving the relativistic energy–momentum transfer equations. Correlations such as and θ–ζ are investigated, where is the ejection energy, ζ is the injection angle, and θ is the ejection angle (both measured relative to the laser beam axis). It is demonstrated that terms at least to order e2, where e is the diffraction angle, ought to be retained in the field description if the correlations are to be appropriately accounted for.