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Type 57 high sensitivity polaroid Film is used to raise the detection limit of qualitative emission spectro-analysis.The apparatus used is a Littrow type spectrograph with graphite electrodes and samples containing given amounts of 38 elements excited by AC arc.In air atmosphere, molecular spectra of C2, CN and O2 that appear make the indentification of analytical spectrum difficult.In comparison with the case of using process plates, the rise of sensitivity so far observed is aoubt 10 times for Cu and Mn;about a few times for Ni, Cd and Mo.For Li and Cs, no measurement was possible because of the said molecular spectrum disturbance.In argon atmosphere, the rise of sensitivity is clearly demonstrated.The rise is about 200 times for As and Te;about 100 times for P, B, Hg, T1 and Ta;about 20 times for Si, Ti, V and Sb;about 10 times for Zn, Ba, Ag, Se, Sn, Pb, Be and Ge;a few times for Sr, Cr, Na, Mg, Bi, Fe, Th, Co, Zr, Ca, Al and W;and none for Ni, Cd, Mo, Mn, Li and Cs.The rise is ascribed to improved SN ratio of emulsion.

Copper(II) chelates of 2,6-diacetyl-4-methylphenol, 2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-acetoacetylphenol and 2-acetyl-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene were synthesized. The first and last ligands give only a mononuclear chelate of type CuL2 respectively, whereas the second and third ones give a binuclear complex of type Cu2L2 in addition to the mononuclear complex. In the cases of the latter ligands two types of complexes are interconvertible and in a solution phase there exists an equilibrium between them. Higher temperature favors a binuclear form and lower temperature another form. Structures of the complexes are assigned with spectroscopic and thermogravimetric data.

In order to correct severe metabolic acidosis, peritoneal dialysis was attempted in 2 cases of cyanotic babies. The condition was markedly improved in both of them by peritoneal dialysis with buffer solution, though they died finally of cardiac failure. It could be concluded from our experiences that peritoneal dialysis was effective in the correction of severe metabolic acidosis in newborn babies with marked cyanosis.

Using a semiconductor catheter detector of the side window type for BETA particles, an apparatus to elicit radioisotope image by intracavity area scanning was made for testing. This apparatus enables a distance of 0 to 15 cm to be scanned, and by rotating 10 deg in every scan moving in close contact with the mucosal surface of the cavity, it is possible tc observe incorporation of radioisotopes under the condition of extended lumen. Cutput from the scanner is processed by means of a small computer, and is recorded by an X--Y recorder, to observe the results in a diagram as well as to avoid statistical errors to be made on account of low uptake rate. This scanner was applied to diagnosis for decision of localization of the early uterine cancer with /sup 32/P . Comparing the results with the pathohistological findings of conization or operated specimen, it was recommendable for diagnosis of the degree of spreading cancer on the mucosal surface quantitatively. (auth)

Gas-containing brain abscesses are rarely seen. Recently, in a 28-year-old man, such an abscess ruptured into the lateral ventricle but was treated successfully. Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic bacillus, was cultured from the pus obtained.

In view of the fact that in Japan treatment of end-stage renal disease depends disproportionately heavily on hemodialysis and almost negligible on transplants from cadaveric donors (hemodialysis 44.4/100,000; renal transplants 0.31/100,000 per year; cadaveric renal transplants 0.11/100,000 per year (1983 data)), we analysed the cost-effectiveness of hemodialysis and renal transplantation, predicted economic gains under expected changes in variables and described attitudes of the Japanese hampering cadaveric renal transplantation. Adjusted life expectancy of transplant recipients (live and cadaveric combined) under the current technical conditions is longer than that of those on hemodialysis (18.3 vs. 14.7 years) and the cost per year for maintaining the transplant is approximately one third of hemodialysis ($12,000 vs $32,000). If the proportion of cadaveric transplant recipients would increase to the levels of the USA (hemodialysis 30.8/100,000; transplants 2.6/100,000 per year; cadaveric transplants 1.9/100,000 per year (1983 data)) along with improvement in graft survival rate, the life expectancy for transplant recipients in Japan could increase by 2 years, thus reducing the annual cost even further. The current number of patients starting hemodialysis (11,500 cases per year) coupled with their life expectancy predicts the number of patients on hemodialysis to reach equilibrium at around 174,000 in a decade (Japanese population 110 million). Based on current price, their annual cost will be about 5.3 billion dollars. Medical expenditure of this magnitude for such a small fraction of people is expected to become an increasingly strong economic incentive for cadaveric renal transplantation. A review of studies on Japanese attitudes toward cadaveric renal transplantation in both urban and rural areas shows that approximately 60% are in favor of donating their kidney after death, though with the majority of cases the donation is contingent upon agreement of their family. It was suggested that the paucity of cadaveric kidney supply stems mainly from the custom of the Japanese to make decisions by consensus. It was also reported that more than 80% of physicians supported the donation of cadaveric grafts while this rate fell to 40% in case of brain death. As the first heart transplantation was carried out in 1968 under both medically and ethically dubious circumstances, distrust toward the diagnosis of brain death appears to be still quite strong. (Not a single heart transplantation has been attempted in Japan in the past 18 years).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The case of a large intracranial plasmacytoma arising from the dura mater is reported. Neuroradiological features and surgical treatment of this unusual lesion are discussed. The literature on intracranial plasmacytoma is reviewed.

OHKOHCHI, N., SASAKI, T., NAMIKI, K., KATOH, H., KOIZUMI, M., TAGUCHI, Y., FUJIMOTO, H., ENDO, E. and KASAI, M. Liver transplantation in Dogs after 30 Minutes of Warm Ischemia. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1986, 148 (3), 285-294 - In order to investigate the applicability of liver transplantation after warm ischemia, a partial auxiliary auto-transplantation of the liver after 30min of warm ischemia was carried out in 9 mongrel dogs. Among them, 6 dogs survived longer than 7 days. Liver functions, blood coagulability and histological changes were investigated before and after the transplantation. Serum GOT, LDH, and OPT levels were elevated immediately after transplantation, and returned to normal within a few days. Hemostatic tests also showed significant abnormalities after transplantation. Although PT and thrombotest became normal within a week, PTT and antithrombin III remained slightly abnormal for longer periods. Microscopically, vacuolization and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed after transplantation but they recovered completely within 4 weeks. Based on these results, it could be said that the livers subjected to warm ischemia for 30min ischemia were still acceptable for auxiliary transplantation.

A low power carbon dioxide laser was used to perform 110 end-to-end laser-assisted microvasuclar anastomoses of carotid arteries in ginea pigs and rabbits. In 56 of 72 cases which were irradiated with power output 20-40 mW, energy density 1.5-2.5 Joule/mm2, showed patency immediately after surgery with no wound distruption nor thrombus formation. From these results, the optimum condition for anastomosis seemed to be in this range of power output and energy density. The bursting strength of laser-assisted anastomosis (LA) was assessed and compared with conventional suture anastomosis (CA). LA arteries consistently demonstrated lower bursting strength than those of CA. Relatively low bursting strengths at 1 hour and 3 days in the LA with 3 stay sutures may explain the late aneurysm formation. Additional stay suture seemed to prevent such complication. The mean duration of each anastomosis was 13 minutes for the LA repairs compared to an average of 24 minutes for CA repairs. These findings suggest that a low power carbon dioxide laser has potential clinical application for anastomosis of small vessels.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The relationship between cerebral blood flow autoregulation and oxygen tension of cerebral tissue is not fully known. We have examined the autoregulation of local cortical blood flow (CoBF) and cortical oxygen tension (bPO2) in the rabbit. CoBF was measured continuously by using the heated thermocouple technique and bPo2 was monitored by the polarographic method. Intravenous injection of phenylephrine hydrochloride or trimethaphan camsylate was used to test for autoregulation by increasing or decreasing perfusion pressure. The mean values of CoBF and bPO2 were 36 +/- 5 ml/100g/min and 32 +/- 12 mmHg respectively at 90 mmHg mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). The changes in both CoBF and bPO2 with changing perfusion pressure were often relatively small at near baseline blood pressure and became more pronounced with large increases or decreases in MAPB. On returning from high MABP to baseline blood pressure, a hysteresis effect on CoBF was observed in 20 out of 22 cases. The autoregulation of CoBF was maintained in the range between 80 and 100 mmHg MABP. On the other hand, bPO2 was maintained constant in the range between 75 and 110 mmHg. This range is significantly wider than that of CoBF. We conclude that autoregulation of CoBF limits changes in local CoBF to maintain constant oxygen tension in brain tissue.

The first report of laser irradiation for wound healing was done by Mester, E., et al. in 1968. From their reports, we can get many knowledges and suggestions as for laser irradiation. At that time he used ruby laser (694.3 nm wave length) for surgical wounds and burns on the back skin of mice. The condition of irradiation was studied with energy density between 0.5-10 J/cm 2 twice a week. As a result, they noticed 1 J/cm 2 irradiation was effective for those wounds. After a few experimental reports, they published their clinical studies in 1975. Clinically, they used He-Ne laser (632.8 nm wave length) irradiation. Human leg ulcers due to peripheral circulatory disturbance were treated with energy density of 4 J/cm 2 twice a week. And they got good results, obtaining complete healing in two-thirds of the cases. We became strongly stimulated by those reports. We have been studying the effect of light on experimental and clinical wound healing as well as on various kinds of biological phenomena since 1980. Particularly, its effect according to the difference of light has been studied. In October 1982, the first clinical case was tried by Argon laser (514.5 nm wave length) irradiation for therapeutic purpose. A man had a chronic ulcer of the left first toe due to Buerger's disease for 5 months. Surprizingly, on the 14th day after 6 treatments of the light irradiation, his ulcer completely healed. During these treatments, the patient noticed that the pain completely disappeared after 2 treatments. Fifty Argon laser treatments were carried out on clinical cases after these experiences, we reached to a conclusion that light irradiation stimulated something in the injured tissues and lead to good clinical results. Several studies concerning mechanism for these effects i.e. peripheral circulation, histology of granulation, cell proliferation, chemistry and other studies were carried out. From these investigations, peripheral circulation was improved when in those who were suffering from vascular disorders but was not effective in normal subjects. From a study of cellular electrophoretic mobility, irradiated G 0 G 1 cells increased their mobility, but irradiated G 2 M cells decreased. These results suggested light irradiation contributed to homeostasis of living cells, tissues, and body. Experiments concerning the light sources, i.e. wave length, energy density and polarization were done. As a result, linear polarization and right circular polarization improved wound healing, but incoherent light itself did not. ,According to our studies, no distinguished differences among various kinds of wave length were noticed. And light irradiation with energy density was very effective between 2 to 6 J/cm 2 . We strongly suggest the role of coherency is very important to do light irradiation on the living body. In conclusion, we like to propose our new viewpoint. That is, the light irradiation should be discussed with the structure of high molecular substances in the living body.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a new approach to treatment of a variety of malignant tumors in man and animals1. A nontoxic, photosensitizing drug with fluorescent properties, like hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), is first injected systematically. After 2–3 days, this drug exhibits a higher retention in the cancer region than in the surrounding normal tissue. Subsequent irradiation with a proper optical wavelength, mainly red light around 630 nm, results in rapid necrosis of the neoplastic tissue.

Fluorescence microscopy has been used effectively in medicine and the life sciences to extract information on biological specimens and tissues. Recently, this technique has become even more valuable and sensitive for studying important processes in a single cell or organelle, even in living situations.1 However, the use of incoherent light sources for the excitation and fluorescence observation with the eye or a photograph accompany usually practical difficulties of quantitative measurement along with high spatial and temporal resolution. To overcome these problems, we have designed and developed a novel type of digitized fluorescence microscope system employing a laser for high radiant and narrowband excitation and an ultrahigh sensitive image sensor for quantitative measurement of the spatial distribution of fluorescence intensity across a cell based on the digital image processing technique.2 The operational principle and some interesting results obtained for a single tumor cell are reported for the first time.

It is generally accepted that benign thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid carcinomas have TSH receptors, and some of these tumors are stimulated by endogenous TSH. In these cases, thyroid hormone suppressive therapy is widely used to control tumor growth (1,2).

Background A phase III trial in Japan showed that pirfenidone is effective for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). To find out which patients specifically benefit from pirfenidone, we analyzed in an exploratory manner the data from the phase III trial. Methods The patients in the phase III trial were stratified by baseline percentage predicted vital capacity (%VC), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), and the lowest oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) during the 6-minute steady-state exercise test (6MET). In the subpopulations, changes in VC and subjective symptoms (cough and dyspnea on the Fletcher, Hugh-Jones [F, H-J] Classification scale) were evaluated in patients treated with high-dose (1800 mg/day) pirfenidone, low-dose (1200 mg/day) pirfenidone, and placebo at week 52. Results Significant efficacy of pirfenidone in reducing the decline in VC could be seen in a subpopulation having %VC ≥ 70% and SpO2 < 90% at baseline. This favorable effect was accompanied by categorical change in VC and progression-free survival time. In the subpopulation, pirfenidone significantly suppressed cough and dyspnea. Conclusions IPF patients having %VC ≥ 70% and SpO2 < 90% at baseline will most likely benefit from pirfenidone when evaluated using changes in VC (and %VC), and cough and dyspnea symptoms. This subpopulation could expect to benefit most from pirfenidone treatment. Trial Registration This clinical trial was registered with the Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center (JAPIC) on September 13th, 2005 (Registration Number: JAPICCTI-050121).

A 54-year-old man with a right hemiparesis was found to have an intrasellar intercarotid communicating artery associated with agenesis of the right internal carotid artery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrated the spatial relationship of the anomalous artery to the surrounding structures, thus suggesting an embryonic enlargement of the capsular artery as a source of this anomalous artery.