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Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of different doses of amifostine (AMI) and dexamethasone (DXM) on bilateral pulmonary contusion in rats. Methods: Forty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups of seven animals each (control, pulmonary contusion (PC), PC + AMI 400 mg/kg, PC + AMI 200 mg/kg, PC + AMI 400 mg/kg + DXM, and PC + DXM-treated groups). RelAssay commercial kit was used to determine total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). Nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) activity associated with blunt trauma induced pulmonary damage were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood gas was determined using a blood gas analyzer, while histopathological examinations were performed on the tissues by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining method. Results: Significant improvement in biochemical parameters and histopathological findings were observed in the groups treated with dexamethasone and high-dose amifostine (400 mg/kg; p < 0.05). However, low-dose amifostine (200 mg/kg) and a combination of dexamethasone with amifostine (400 g/kg) was ineffective in balancing the biochemical changes due to trauma (p > 0.05). Conclusion: High-dose amifostine combined with dexamethasone mitigates trauma-induced damage in rat by preventing the elevation of key inflammatory markers. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to determine the efficacy of amifostine in humans and to compare its activity with other agents.

Objective: In patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL),it was aimed to determine the accuracy of the surgeon's intraoperative stone-free status(SFS) prediction,the factors affecting it,the predictors that caused the wrong estimation, and finally to evaluate the reliability of the "surgeon's eye". Material and Methods: The data of 1025 patients who underwent PNL and met the inclusion criteria were evaluated retrospectively.Since the basis of our study was based on the evaluation of the surgeon's stone-free prediction,patients identified as "absence of residual stone fragment(RF)" by the surgeon were grouped and compared with postoperative computed tomography imaging according to the presence of RF. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated as 67.87%, 96.23%, 91.67% and 83.04%, respectively.In our study, it was found that the "surgeon's eye" predicted SFS incorrectly at a rate of 16.9%.There was no statistically significant correlation between gender,stone side,stone density and hemoglobin decrease between the two groups.Stone size,operation time,fluoroscopy time,location of the stone,number of stones in the calyces and GUY's stone score(GSS) were statistically significantly associated with "surgeon's eye".As a result of multivariate logistic regression analysis of the parameters that were found to have a statistically significant relationship with the surgeon's eye,stone size,the number of stones in the calyces and GSS were significant predictors. Conclusion: The most important predictors of "surgeon's eye" in PNL were stone size,number of stones in the calyces and GSS. These predictors can be used as an effective criterion in the use of methods to reduce radiation exposure in postoperative imaging of patients who are predicted to be stone-free.

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of obesity and overweight on oral/dental health and blood biochemistry parameters in children. Eighty-seven children (29 boys and 58 girls) aged 1-18 presenting to in our pediatric clinic were included in the study. Methods The patient group consisted of overweight or obese children, and the control group of normal weight individuals. Pediatric patients were examined simultaneously by a pediatrician and a pediatric dentist. Oral/dental health examinations were performed by a pediatric dentist, and DMFT/dmft index, CPITN index and dental plaque calculations were made. In addition, daily tooth brushing habits were evaluated by questioning the time of the last dental examination. Oral and dental health examination findings and blood biochemistry parameters were compared between the two groups. Results Obesity/overweight was found to be associated with, the dental plaque index, DMFT/dmft index, and elevation in the blood biochemistry parameters CRP and PTH among the children in this study. Conclusion The observation of significant elevation in DMFT and dental plaque indices, and numbers of filled deciduous teeth showed that oral/dental health problems and dental decay may emerge more frequently in obesity/overweight children.

In this paper, we concentrate on hyper generalized $\varphi-$recurrent $\alpha-$cosymplectic manifolds and quasi generalized $\varphi-$recurrent $\alpha-$cosymplectic manifolds and obtain some significant characterizations which classify such manifolds.

The political and social events that Muslims faced for the first time and the results of the civil wars as a result of these events gave rise to the movements of sectarianism. The first movement of sectarianism in the Islamic society occurred with the separation of the mass, which would later be called the Kharijites (Muhakkime-i Ula), from among the followers of Ali. The events that took place after these separations of the Kharijites left deep traces in the memory of the Muslims. The Kharijite movement soon split into factions among itself. One of these sects is İbadiyya. Ibadiyya is generally accepted as the only Kharijite sect that has survived to the present day. Ibadiyya is a sect that came into being with the schooling of the ideas of the community called kaade, which is inhabited in Basra. Again, another sectarian movement that took place as a result of the discussions that started among Muslims especially around the issues of "faith and kabira" is the Mu'tazila. Although the Mu'tazila, which was formed in the city of Basra and left deep traces on the mentality of the Islamic society, could not continue its existence as a sect, it influenced many people, schools and sects both in their own time and in later times with their ideas, discourses and methodological methods. Mu'tazila is a political and religious sect that emerged as a result of social events in the Islamic society and the discussions brought about by these events. Tawhid is the most basic principle of Islam. Tawhid is at the forefront of the principles on which all Islamic sects of faith emphasize. The phrase "la ilaha illallah", that is, there is no god but Allah, describes tawhid. All sects of Islamic belief agree that the principle of tawhid is the first basis of usûlü'd-dîn (the origins of religion). The subject that constitutes the essence of the principle of tawhid is the issue of adjectives. Halku'l-Qur'an and ru'yetullah are among the issues discussed within the framework of the ideas put forward about the subject of adjectives. The Ibadiyya and Mu'tazila sects, whose views we have examined comparatively on these issues, are of the same opinion with other sects in the fact that Allah is the Creator of all things and in his oneness. Both sects have put forward ideas that are quite different from the views of other Islamic sects and especially the Ahl al-Sunnah, which is under the roof of the majority of Muslims, on the subjects of 'attributes, folk-ul-Qur'an and ru'yetullah', which we can also express as the subtitles of the subject of tawhid. The first of the principles that Mu'tazila adopted as usûl-i hamsa is the principle of tawhid. This principle is also at the forefront of the method subjects of Ibadiyya. When the views of İbadiyye and Mu'tazila on this subject are examined, the existence of similar perspectives draws attention. In our article, we will comparatively discuss the ideas of Ibadiyya and Mu'tazila on the axis of the principle of tawhid, which is the first of the method subjects of the creed, and the attributes of Allah, which are accepted as sub-headings of this subject, ru'yetullah and people of the Qur'an. We will try to reveal the similarity of ideas between the two sects on issues related to the subject of tawhid. However, we will try to express the interaction and the direction of the interaction that we believe to exist between the İbadiyye and the Mu'tazila.

Pulmonary hydatid cyst (PHC) can imitate many diseases. Sometimes, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is performed in terms of malignancy exclusion for complicated cysts. Although some specific findings (doughnut sign) have been identified in hydatid cyst of the liver, there is no specific sign described for PHC. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of a common finding in PHC patients scanned with PET/CT inadvertently.From January 2015 to 2020, patients proven to have PHC were analyzed retrospectively. From all the patients, only 17, having a previous PET/CT, were included the study. Lesions were evaluated in three groups according to FDG uptake: A, negative; B, focal; C, doughnut sign.The total number of patients was 17. Nine of the patients were male and the median age was 41.94 + 14.68 (16-65) years. SUV max of the lesions ranged from 0.5 to 15.8 (mean ± SE: 4.68). According to the FDG uptake of the lesions, five were in Group A, two in Group B, and the remaining ten (58.8%) in Group C with doughnut sign. To correlate the CT findings with PET/CT findings, doughnut sign, which is a typical finding of hydatid cysts of liver, is seen in only four patients in Group 1-classified cysts which are non-complicated. But in Group 2 (n = 3) and 3(n = 4), the finding of doughnut sign is three in both groups.PET/CT is not a recommended imaging technique for PHC, but in cases where a definitive diagnosis is difficult, interpreting PET/CT findings is significant. This study demonstrates that previously described doughnut sign for liver hydatid cysts is also common for perforated pulmonary cysts. According to our knowledge, this is the first largest series of determining PET/CT findings of PHC. Further larger series will contribute to the literature.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kolostrum ve olgun süt bileşimindeki farklılıkların belirlenmesi ve maternal faktörlerin anne sütü makro besin ögeleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmaya, postpartum birinci günde bebeklerini beslemeye başlamış 50 gönüllü kadın katılmıştır. Demografik özellikler, doğum şekli, gebelik başlangıcındaki vücut ağırlığı ve gebelik dönemindeki vücut ağırlık kazanımına ilişkin bilgiler anket formu ile yüz yüze elde edilmiştir. Annelerden doğum sonrası hastanede kaldıkları ilk 72 saatlik süre içerisinde kolostrum, yenidoğanın birinci ay ilk sağlık kontrolü için hastaneye geldiklerinde olgun süt örnekleri alınmıştır. Anne sütü makro besin ögesi içeriği, bir orta kızılötesi transmisyon spektrometresi ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Yaş ortalamaları 28.21±5.61 yıl olan kadınların %32.0’si çalışmaktadır. Kolostrum ve olgun sütün enerji, karbonhidrat ve protein değerlerinin benzer (p>0.05), kolostrumun yağ içeriğinin, olgun süte kıyasla yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p=0.045). Kolostrumun protein değeri ile gebelik sonrası beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) değeri arasında pozitif yönde ilişki (OR=1.619, p=0.039) bulunurken, maternal faktörlerin olgun sütün makro besin ögelerine etkisi bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Sonuç: Kolostrum ile olgun sütün yağ miktarının farklı olduğu, maternal faktörlerden sadece BKİ’nin kolostrumun bileşimini etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on tracheal wound healing in the anastomosis model following tracheal incision in rats. Methods: Twenty-one healthy male Wistar Albino rats were included in the study. A horizontal incision was made between the 2nd-3th rings of the rat trachea and damage was created in the inner tracheal mucosa. Tracheal incision area was sutured and anastomosis was performed. Rats were divided into three groups. Ringer was given to the first group, corticosteroids to the 2nd group, and curcumin to the 3rd group for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed on the 28th day and the tracheal anastomosis line samples were sent for histological examination. Wound healing parameters, tracheal lumen width, wall thickness, and stenosis index were evaluated. Results: Statistically significant difference was detected in tracheal lumen width and wall thickness in the curcumin group (p

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, kadınların doğum sürecinde yapılan vajinal muayenede yaşadıkları rahatsızlık hissi ve benlik saygısının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, İzmir ilinin Tire ilçesinde bulunan İzmir İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü'ne bağlı bir devlet hastanesi olan Tire Devlet Hastanesi Doğum Servisi (Travay) Bölümüne başvuran kadınlar üzerinde yapılmıştır. Analitik kesitsel bir yaklaşımla yürütülen çalışma 253 kadın üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri Kişisel ve Obstetrik Özellikler Formu, Doğum Sürecinde Yapılan Vajinal Muayenelere Yönelik Soru Formu, Doğumda Vajinal Muayene Sırasında Yaşanılan Rahatsızlık Hissi Sorgulama Formu ve İki Boyutlu Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği: Kendini Sevme/Özyeterlik Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler doğum sonrası erken dönemde, doğumdan sonraki 24 saat içinde toplanmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizinde SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 22) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) paket programı kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde; sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma değerleri kullanılarak, bireysel, obstetrik özelliklere ve doğum sırasında vajinal muayenelere göre kadınların vajinal muayenelerde yaşadıkları rahatsızlık ve benlik saygısını karşılaştırmak için t-testleri ve ANOVA testi yapılmıştır. Bulgulardaki istatistiksel farklılıkların kaynaklarını belirlemek için Scheffe testi kullanıldı. İstatistiksel analiz sonucunda p

Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a semi-crystalline engineering thermoplastic polyester. PBT offers rapid molding cycles, high heat resistant, crystallinity, fatigue resistance, strength and rigidity, excellent electrical properties, creep resistance, reproducible mold shrinkage and chemical resistance. In this study, PBT was loaded with synthetic graphite and carbon fiber at different weight fractions (10-40 wt.%). PBT-based composites were fabricated by the melt mixing process by using a co-rotating twin screw extruder then thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of filled PBT composites was investigated. Weight fraction of carbon fiber (up to 30 wt.%) increases the tensile strength and flexural strength of PBT, but synthetic graphite loading decreases the tensile strength and flexural strength of PBT. The highest in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity values were obtained as 9.24 for 40 wt.% synthetic graphite filled composite and 3.41 W/mK for 40 wt.% carbon fiber reinforced composite, respectively. Carbon fiber was found to be more effective in increasing the through-plane thermal conductivities than synthetic graphite., Ege University Research Projects Coordination [18-MUH-027], The author(s) received funding from Ege University Research Projects Coordination (Project no: 18-MUH-027).

Objective: Ethanol extraction is the most popular technique for the production of propolis extracts. However, this method may not be suitable for various clinical conditions. Based on it, we composed a trial product with an olive-oil extraction as an alternative method. Furthermore, we crafted combinations to reinforce and synergize the antimicrobial activity of the trial propolis product. Finally, we compared our trial products with the existing marketing products in Turkey. The present study aimed to determine chemical compounds and the antimicrobial activity of some propolis samples selected from Turkey and compare the mentioned features with the olive-oil- trial products we composed for the study. Material-Methods: Four different samples, as trial and final products, were crafted for the study. Trail products conducted as sample 1 to 4 (S1, S2, S3 and S4). The trial products were compared with the four other propolis and propolis-containing combined products currently exciting on the market. Four different trademarks were used, and the Trademarks (TM) was called TM1, TM2 TM3, and TM4. Determination of Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) was analyzed according to the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The antimicrobial activity test was determined according to the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: The highest TPC ratio was detected in the trademark 2 (TM2), and the lowest TPC ratio was determined in the TM4 samples, 19553.12 GAE mg/L and 740.9 GAE mg/L, respectively. The TPC ratio of the final trial product sample 4 (S4) was defined as 6519.3 GAE mg/L. The highest inhibitation zone against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus strains was observed in S1 (the oleuropein-containing trial product). The highest inhabitation zone against C. albicans and C. krusei yeasts was observed in TM1 and S4 (the oleuropein and boron-containing trial propolis product) samples. Conclusion: The S4 product, containing boron, oleuropein, and propolis, had a higher inhibitation zone diameters compared to the commercial brands. Furthermore, all the propolis products analyzed in this study had rich phenolic components; the curative and beneficial impacts of phenolic components on health merit further investigations.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, resiprokal tek eğe, tam rotasyon tek eğe ve çok basamaklı eğe sistemleriyle şekillendirme öncesi kayma yolu hazırlığının apikalden debris çıkışına ve kök kanalının yer değiştirmesine üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mandibular birinci molar dişlerin yüz yirmi eğimli meziyal kök kanalı rastgele altı gruba dağıtıldı (n=20). Kök kanalları Grup R'de Reciproc, Grup OS'de OneShape ve Grup PN'de ProTaper Next ile hazırlandı. Son üç grupta (RG, OSG ve PNG), ilk 3 grupta kullanılan şekillendirme aletlerinden önce bir kayma yolu oluşturuldu. Preparasyon öncesi ve sonrası ağırlık 10-5 mikro terazi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Kök kanallarının preparasyonu öncesi ve sonrası konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) kullanılarak tarandı. Bulgular: RG ve OSG'deki debris ekstrüzyonu, sırasıyla R ve OS gruplarından önemli ölçüde daha yüksekti. Ancak, PN ve PNG arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Kök kanal yer değiştirmesine bakıldığında, RG, 5 mm ve 7 mm seviyeleri için R grubundan daha düşüktü ve OSG grubu tüm seviyeler için OS'den daha düşüktü. Bir kayma yolu oluşturmak, OS ve PN grupları için şekillendirme süresini önemli ölçüde arttırmıştır. Sonuç: Eğimli kanallarda tek eğe sistemi ile şekillendirme öncesinde bir kayma yolu oluşturmak kanal anatomisini korur. Bununla birlikte, apikal debris ekstrüzyonunun artmasına neden olabilir., Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of glide path preparation before shaping with reciprocating single-file, rotary single-file and multiple-file systems on the debris extrusion from the apical, and on the root canal transportation. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty curved mesial root canals of mandibular first molars were randomly distributed to six groups (n=20). The root canals were prepared with Reciproc in Group R, OneShape in Group OS, and ProTaper Next in Group PN. In the last three groups (RG, OSG and PNG), a glide path was created before the shaping instruments used in the first 3 groups. The pre- and post-preparation weight were measured by using a 10-5 microbalance. Pre- and post-preparation of the root canals were scanned by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Results: The debris extrusion in RG and OSG was significantly higher than R and OS, respectively. However, no significant differences were found between PN and PNG. Considering the root canal transportation, RG showed lower than R for 5 mm and 7 mm levels and the OSG group showed lower than OS for all levels. Creating a glide path significantly increased the shaping time for OS and PN groups. Conclusion: In advance of shaping with a single-file system in curved canals, creating a glide path preserves canal anatomy. However, it may lead to increase apical debris extrusion.

During the Battle of Siffin, the acceptance of Muaviye and Amr b. As's proposal to go to Tahkim by Caliph Hz. Ali led to a split in his army. As a result of this division, the first sectarian movement began, which maqalat-type sources called "Havâric" and Ibadis called "Muhakemetü'l-Ûlâ". The disintegration of Muhakkimetü'l-Ûla in Hijri 64/684 and all the sects that emerged after it were accepted as sub-branches of Kharijite with a general assessment by the Historians of Sects. In the definitions made, Ezârika, Necedât, Acâride, Sufriyya, Beyhesiyye and other Kharijite sects were characterized as hardliners and extremists. Ibadis, on the other hand, were accepted as the moderate sect of Kharijite that has survived to the present day. With this qualification, İbâdiyye was positioned as one of the Khâricî sects. It can be said that the main reason why the Ibadiyya has continued to exist until today is the moderation in their views, while none of the Hariji sects that support violence could survive. The authors who accuse İbâdiyye of being Kharijite show the similarity of their views on various issues as evidence. However, these claims are firmly rejected by the Ibadis. In this article, it will be tried to reach a conclusion by comparing the views claimed to be similar on the axis of Ibadi authors' own works directly with the basic ideas of the Kharijites, Sıffîn savaşı esnasında Muâviye ve Amr b. As’ın Tahkîm’e gitme önerisinin Halife Hz. Ali tarafından kabulü onun ordusunda bölünmeye yol açtı. Bu bölünme neticesinde makâlât türü kaynakların “Havâric” olarak adlandırdığı, İbâdîlerin ise “Muhakkimetü’l-Ûlâ” dedikleri ilk fırkalaşma hareketi başlamış oldu. Hicrî 64/684 yılında Muhakkimetü’l-Ûlâ’nın parçalanması ve sonrasında meydana gelen fırkaların hepsi Mezhepler Tarihçileri tarafından genel bir değerlendirme ile Hâricîliğin alt kolları olarak kabul edildi. Yapılan tanımlamalarda Ezârika, Necedât, Acâride, Sufriyye, Beyhesiyye ve diğer Hâricî fırkalar sertlik yanlısı ve aşırıya kaçanlar olarak vasıflandırıldı. İbâdîler ise Hâricîliğin günümüze kadar yaşayan mutedil fırkası olarak kabul edildi. Bu niteleme ile İbâdiyye Hâricî fırkalardan biri olarak konumlandırılmış oldu. Şiddet taraftarı Hâricî fırkalardan hiçbiri varlığını sürdüremezken İbâdiyye’nin günümüze kadar varlığını devam ettirmesinin temel sebebinin görüşlerindeki itidal olduğu söylenebilir. İbâdiyye’yi Hâricî olmakla itham eden müellifler, çeşitli konulardaki görüşlerinin benzerliğini delil gösterirler. Ancak bu iddialar İbâdîler tarafından kesin bir dille reddedilmektedir. Bu makalede İbâdî müelliflerin doğrudan kendi eserleri ekseninde benzer olduğu iddia edilen görüşler Hâricîlerin temel düşünceleriyle karşılaştırılarak bir sonuca ulaşılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Background Identifying young children with serious developmental concerns is a common challenge in paediatric settings around the world. Elucidating parental concerns about their children's development is a useful predictor of developmental status. The aim of this study is to elucidate the level of developmental risk in a busy outpatient paediatric clinic using the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) and observe the associated factors in a middle-income country. Methods Parents attending a medical appointment for their children in a paediatric outpatient clinic were asked to complete the PEDS and a questionnaire pertaining to sociodemographic details. A total of 151 parents were eligible to participate in the study. Parents also rated the ease of completion of the test with the response options being 'difficult, a little difficult, easy, very easy'. Results In our total sample, 9.3% (n = 14) were at high risk, 16.6% (n = 25) were at moderate risk and the remainder were at low/no risk. Being at high or moderate risk (25.8%, n = 39) was higher in male gender (p = 0.046) and older age children (p = 0.004). Hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit longer than 3 days, maternal employment status/housewife, long duration of screen viewing were independent risk factors significantly associated with high or moderate risk in multivariable analyses. Among the participants, 98.7% of parents reported that the PEDS was easy or very easy to complete in the clinical setting. Conclusion In this study, in a cosmopolitan city of a middle-income country, a quarter of children were observed to be at high or moderate risk. The findings highlight the importance of elucidating the prevalence of developmental concerns among the population to enable families to access universal high-quality early childhood services.