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In this work, a sediment core collected from the Jiulong River estuary in southeastern China was subjected to 14C dating of foraminifera, as well as lignin, total organic carbon, and stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analyses in order to determine the impacts of climate change and human activities on the sedimentary organic matter in this area from around 2,000 to 1,000 years ago. The ratios of lignin parameters syringyl/vanillyl and cinnamyl/vanillyl ranged from 1.60 to 8.63 and 0.11 to 0.45, respectively, and the lignin phenol vegetation index ranged from 25.14 to 1740.14, indicating the presence of non-woody angiosperms. The ratio of vanillic acid/vanillin ranged from 0.42 to 2.04, indicating medium to high degrees of oxidative degradation. The vertical distribution profile showed a similar historical sedimentary trend with locations at higher latitudes along the Zhejiang-Fujian Mud Area, with the lower abundance of total lignin from around 2400 to 2000 BP being attributed to the decreasing temperature during this period. However, all the lignin parameters showed higher values and greater fluctuations due to increasing temperatures after 2000 BP, and human activity has probably had the greatest impact in the most recent 1,000 years.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the city-level data on mortgage rates of banks which may hide significant information about the monetary transmission mechanism. This study, by regional housing loans and risks data, investigates the behaviour of banks after a monetary policy tightening. By using the structural vector autoregressive model with the counterfactual impulse response function and the spatial regression model, our results show that monetary tightening causes mortgage rates to rise. This response is mainly driven by price and credit risks. Consequently, these housing activities have a significant effect on mortgage rates, by amplifying the shock from the tightening monetary policy. The latter result provides evidence that financial intermediation and regional housing risks play an important role in the interest rate channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: A chemical investigation of the deep‐sea‐derived fungus Penicillium allii‐sativi MCCC 3A00580 resulted in the discovery of four new meroterpenoids (1—4) and one related known co‐metabolite (5). These meroterpenoids showcase unique carbon skeletons featuring a common drimane sesquiterpene part with highly diverse polyketide units. Particularly, compound 1 incorporates a salicylic acid moiety while 2 possesses a rare peroxide bridge in the polyketide part. The structures of new compounds were assigned by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum calculations, and biogenetic considerations. Notably, 3 significantly blocked the mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in the arrest of cell cycle at G0‐G1 phase and triggering mitochondrial apoptosis in Hela cells. While the previously reported co‐metabolite macrophorin A (MPA) effectively triggered cell death in MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells by activating apoptosis pathways involving death receptors, mitochondria, mTOR, and TNF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their inherent flexibility and excellent biocompatibility, liquid metals (LMs) have been explored at the frontiers of clinical therapy. Herein, a LM and tanshinone IIA (TA) drugs were dispersed into sodium alginate (SA) solution by ultrasonication to prepare SA/LM/TA, which is an injectable biomaterial for stable drug release and intrapericardial injection for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). The SA/LM/TA has a low viscosity and can be injected smoothly using a syringe. In rat models of MI, we demonstrated that SA/LM/TA injection in the pericardial cavity is a biosafe and effective method to deliver a carrier containing LM particles and TA drugs for MI treatment. After injection, the drug release is slow and stable in the pericardial cavity, increasing the cardiac retention of drugs. After surgery and treatment for 7 days, the cardiac function of rats improved compared with the control group and the TA direct injection group. The intrapericardial injection of SA/LM/TA improves cardiac functions and mitigates cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction of rats. Overall, the present study establishes a therapeutic strategy for treatment of myocardial infarction by intrapericardial injection of SA/LM/TA and expands the application categories of LM biomaterials in disease treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correction notice in the journal "Frontiers in Pharmacology" addresses errors in Figures 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 of the article "Myricetin suppresses TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer." The corrected figures show the effects of myricetin on signaling pathways, apoptosis, EMT reversal, and tumor growth in ovarian cancer cells. The authors acknowledge the errors but affirm that they do not impact the scientific conclusions of the study. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common gynecological malignancy and has a high mortality rate. The current chemotherapeutic drugs have the disadvantages of drug resistance and side effects. Myricetin, a kind of natural compound, has the advantages of easy extraction, low price, and fewer side effects. Multiple studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer properties of myricetin. However, its impact on OC is still unknown and needs further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which myricetin suppresses transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) -induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OC through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of myricetin on cell proliferation and apoptosis using CCK8 assay, plate clonal formation assay, and flow cytometry. Western blot was employed to evaluate the expression levels of caspase-3, PARP, and the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Wound healing, transwell, western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect TGF-β-induced cell migration, invasion, EMT and the levels of Smad3, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Additionally, a mouse xenograft model was established to verify the effects of myricetin on OC in vivo. Results: Myricetin inhibited OC proliferation through MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Flow cytometry and western blot analyses demonstrated that myricetin promoted apoptosis by increasing the expression of cleaved-PARP and cleaved-caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in OC. Furthermore, myricetin suppressed the TGF-β-induced migration and invasion by transwell and wound healing assays. Mechanistically, western blot indicated that myricetin reversed TGF-β-induced metastasis through Smad3, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In vivo , myricetin significantly repressed OC progression and liver and lung metastasis. Conclusion: Myricetin exhibited inhibitory effects on OC progression and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. And it also reversed TGF-β-induced EMT through the classical and non-classical Smad signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to compare the efficiency and safety of robot-assisted urological surgery using both the KangDuo and da Vinci robotic systems. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for all papers published through September 1, 2024. The focus was on English-language papers comparing the KangDuo surgical robot and the da Vinci system in urological procedures. The screening method focused on RCTs and cohort studies and followed strict criteria. Three cohort studies and two randomised controlled trials with 300 adult urological surgery patients met the inclusion criteria. These 150 patients were operated on with the KangDuo robotic system and 150 with the da Vinci system. The investigation showed that whereas KangDuo operations were slightly longer, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and postoperative complication rates were similar. The KangDuo robotic system performs urological surgery as well as the da Vinci system, although it takes longer. Future large-scale multicenter randomized trials are recommended to gather further evidence and enhance clinical understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides presents a transformative approach to converting greenhouse gases into aliphatic polycarbonates (CO2-PCs), thereby reducing the polymer industry's dependence on fossil resources. Over the past 50 years, a wide array of metallic catalysts, both heterogeneous and homogeneous, have been developed to achieve precise control over polymer selectivity, sequence, regio-, and stereoselectivity. This review details the evolution of metal-based catalysts, with a particular focus on the emergence of organoborane catalysts, and explores how these catalysts effectively address kinetic and thermodynamic challenges in CO2/epoxides copoly2merization. Advances in the synthesis of CO2-PCs with varied sequence and chain architectures through diverse polymerization protocols are examined, alongside the applications of functional CO2-PCs produced by incorporating different epoxides. The review also underscores the contributions of computational techniques to our understanding of copolymerization mechanisms and highlights recent advances in the closed-loop chemical recycling of CO2-sourced polycarbonates. Finally, the industrialization efforts of CO2-PCs are discussed, offering readers a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and future potential of epoxide copolymerization with CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative pain management has consistently been a critical topic in the medical field, with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) being one of the most commonly utilized methods for postoperative analgesia. Currently, opioids remain the primary choice for PCIA in clinical practice. However, in recent years, an increasing number of studies have explored analgesic strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating the use of opioids in PCIA to mitigate the associated side effects and dependence. This article systematically reviews the progress of research on opioid-free analgesic strategies in PCIA through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping of polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons (PCHs) with sulfur atoms is becoming more and more important as a means of creating unique functional materials. Recently, thiophene‐containing multiple helicenes have garnered enormous attention due to their intriguing electronic and (chir)optical properties compared with carbohelicenes. However, the efficient synthesis of thiopyran‐containing multiple helicenes and the underlying sulfur doping mechanisms are rather unexplored. Herein, the synthesis and structural analysis of a thiopyran‐containing double [7]helicene 3 are reported. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals 3 and its dication with C2‐symmetric propeller‐shape structures and compact interactions in the solid state. 3 exhibits deep‐red to near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence emission. Tunable aromaticity of the central benzene ring and thiopyran rings is found by chemical oxidation, which is further confirmed by nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS), anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) and harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) analysis. Furthermore, the chiral and photosensitizing characters of 3 are investigated. The excellent deep‐red to NIR fluorescence, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and photosensitizing activities suggest that 3 can be used as an outstanding photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and bioimaging, especially paving the way for future CPL‐PDT and CPL‐bio‐probe applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centering equity in our work eliminates disparities and promotes the learning and development of ALL children. Although there has been increasing focus on supporting science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in early childhood, many children with disabilities still face challenges in accessing early STEM opportunities. In this article, we suggest a strengths-based, system-level, and theory-driven approach to encourage the field to shift away from the practice of "fixing" children when providing STEM learning and teaching for young children with disabilities. At the conclusion of this article, we also offer critical questions for readers to ponder and reflect on their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Periodontitis is a significant independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Yet, the exact mechanism of action is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of exosomes‐miR‐155‐5p derived from periodontal endothelial cells on atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo. Higher expression of miR‐155‐5p was detected in the plasma exosomes of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) compared to patients with CP. Also, the expression level of miR‐155‐5p was associated with the severity of CP. miR‐155‐5p‐enriched exosomes from HUVECs increased the angiogenesis and permeability of HAECs and promoted the expression of angiogenesis, permeability, and inflammation genes. Along with the overexpression or inhibition of miR‐155‐5p, the biological effect of HUVECs‐derived exosomes on HAECs changed correspondingly. In ApoE−/− mouse models, miR‐155‐5p‐enriched exosomes promoted the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis by increasing permeable and angiogenic activity. Collectively, these findings highlight a molecular mechanism of periodontitis in CAS, uncovering exosomal miR‐155‐5p derived periodontitis affecting carotid endothelial cells in an 'exosomecrine' manner. Exosomal miR‐155‐5p may be used as a biomarker and target for clinical intervention to control this intractable disease in future, and the graphic abstract was shown in Figure S1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain WL0113T was isolated from surface seawater of the coast of Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, PR China. Strain WL0113T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Roseobacter insulae YSTF-M11T (98.8%), followed by R. cerasinus AI77T (98.8%), R. ponti MM-7 T (98.0%). Strain WL0113T was Gram-stain-negative, cream, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid- to oval-shaped, and able to grow at pH 6.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0), at 10–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1–5% (w/v; optimum, 2.5%) NaCl. Ubiquinone-10 was detected as dominant. The main fatty acids (> 5%) of the strain WL0113T were C16:0, iso-C17:0 3OH, C20:4ω6,9,12,15c (arachidonic acid), and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c). The major polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, glycophospholipid, unknown aminolipid, unknown phospholipid, and two unknown polar lipids. The ANI and dDDH values between strain WL0113T and Roseobacter cerasinus were 80.4% and 23.0%, respectively. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain WL0113T was 63.1%. Based on these data, it is proposed that strain WL0113T represent novel species of the genus Roseobacter, for which the name Roseobacter sinensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WL0113T (= GDMCC 1.3082T = JCM 35567T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the economic benefits of meteorological information services (MISs) provided by the Central Weather Administration (CWA) in Taiwan, specifically for Taiwan's capture fishery industry. Using the contingent valuation method (CVM) and conducting in-person interviews, we collected questionnaires from capture fishery practitioners nationwide to gather their subjective evaluations of the meteorological information services provided by the CWA. Based on these evaluations, we further investigated the respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for the CWA's meteorological information services. An empirical analysis of the bid function was conducted to identify the key factors influencing the respondents' bidding behavior. The empirical findings indicate that the primary factors affecting bids include subjective perceptions (such as forecast accuracy ratings and the ratings of the impacts on fishing production), working location, fishing vessel tonnage, and fishing methods. The median WTP for Taiwanese capture fishery practitioners is Taiwan dollar (TWD) 2111.12 per person per year. Based on the number of capture fishery practitioners in Taiwan in 2019, the total annual economic value of applying MIS in coastal and offshore fisheries is estimated to be between TWD 376 million and TWD 496 million per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Colorectal cancer remains a major global public health challenge. Its incidence is shaped by a complex interplay of screening programmes and age, period and cohort factors. Methods We introduce a novel Age-Period-Cohort-Screening (APCS) model to analyse trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Taiwan from 2000 to 2019. Results In 2010, the incidence of colorectal cancer in Taiwan increased by 19.2% (95% CI: 13.5%, 25.3%) for men and 15.6% (95% CI: 9.2%, 22.4%) for women. This was followed by annual declines of 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8%, 4.1%) and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4%, 3.9%), respectively. By 2015 for men and 2014 for women, the age-standardized incidence had fallen below the levels projected in a no-screening scenario. By 2019, the incidence had further declined by 12.4% (95% CI: 11.8%, 13.1%) for men and 11.6% (95% CI: 10.7%, 12.6%) for women, compared with the no-screening scenario. Cohort effects have shown a persistent rise from 1920 to 1980: incidence increased 5.8-fold for men and 3.1-fold for women. The trend began to plateau after 1980, with a noticeable decline in women. Conclusion Through its screening programme, Taiwan has successfully reduced colorectal cancer incidence by 10% as of 2019. Furthermore, the incidence due to cohort effects has plateaued and even begun to decline. However, continued monitoring remains crucial. The advanced APCS model could serve as a robust analytical tool for other researchers and policy makers evaluating the impacts of cancer screening programmes on incidence trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with disabilities can have access to a variety of learning opportunities via motor play. Researchers have emphasized the need to intentionally support children's motor skill development. Despite previous research [...]

Children with disabilities tend to participate in fewer physical activities than typically developing children. To promote participation in physical activities for children with disabilities, it is important to understand (a) parents' experiences and roles in supporting their children's physical activities and (b) factors that might influence children's physically active behaviours. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight mothers of preschoolers with disabilities. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed to identify key themes. The majority of participants valued physical activities and were aware of the benefits of physical activities for their children. Several parental support behaviours were identified from the data, with the most frequent support behaviours being: logistics, prompts, and encouragement. Parents also described barriers that influence participation in physical activities for their children with disabilities. Implications for research and practice are noted.

The hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of L80 steel under different hydrogen pressure at room temperature was evaluated this work. The variation rules of hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of L80 steel at hydrogen pressure from 3 MPa to 12 MPa were studied by notch slow strain tensile test combined with fracture analysis. Results showed that L80 steel had no obvious brittleness at room temperature under hydrogen pressure of lower than 5 MPa, and yet had obvious brittleness under hydrogen pressure of more than 8 MPa. Under hydrogen pressure from 3 MPa to 12 MPa, the micro morpholgy at the center of the main section of L80 steel tensile sample changed from dimple morphology to coexistence of dimple morphology and cleavage morphology. The micro morphology at the edge gradually changed from dimple morphology to cleavage. In addition, the change rate of section shrinkage gradually increased from 16.19% to 46.79%. With the increase of hydrogen pressure, the plastic loss of L80 steel increased, the fracture showed obvious embrittlement characteristics, and the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity gradually increased.

ObjectiveTo construct a YOLOv3-based model for diatom identification in scanning electron microscope images, explore the application performance in practical cases and discuss the advantages of this model.MethodsA total of 25 000 scanning electron microscopy images were collected at 1 500× as an initial image set, and input into the YOLOv3 network to train the identification model after experts’ annotation and image processing. Diatom scanning electron microscopy images of lung, liver and kidney tissues taken from 8 drowning cases were identified by this model under the threshold of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 respectively, and were also identified by experts manually. The application performance of this model was evaluated through the recognition speed, recall rate and precision rate.ResultsThe mean average precision of the model in the validation set and test set was 94.8% and 94.3%, respectively, and the average recall rate was 81.2% and 81.5%, respectively. The recognition speed of the model is more than 9 times faster than that of manual recognition. Under the threshold of 0.4, the mean recall rate and precision rate of diatoms in lung tissues were 89.6% and 87.8%, respectively. The overall recall rate in liver and kidney tissues was 100% and the precision rate was less than 5%. As the threshold increased, the recall rate in all tissues decreased and the precision rate increased. The F1 score of the model in lung tissues decreased with the increase of threshold, while the F1 score in liver and kidney tissues with the increase of threshold.ConclusionThe YOLOv3-based diatom electron microscope images automatic identification model works at a rapid speed and shows high recall rates in all tissues and high precision rates in lung tissues under an appropriate threshold. The identification model greatly reduces the workload of manual recognition, and has a good application prospect.

Since cold spraying (CS) technology was discovered, it has shown prominent potential in fabricating compact metallic coatings. However, the coating performance cannot meet the needs of the industry in some cases. For this, in this article, with taking copper as an example, the technology and performance characteristics of cold sprayed copper coatings at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed. The effects of four post - treatment processes on the microstructure and properties of cold sprayed copper coatings were discussed, and the applications of cold sprayed copper coatings in main fields were given. Finally, the problems and solutions still existing in the preparation of copper by cold spraying were analyzed and prospected.

IntroductionQuantitative trait nucleotide (QTN)-by-environment interactions (QEIs) play an increasingly essential role in the genetic dissection of complex traits in crops as global climate change accelerates. The abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat, are the major constraints on maize yields. Multi-environment joint analysis can improve statistical power in QTN and QEI detection, and further help us to understand the genetic basis and provide implications for maize improvement.MethodsIn this study, 3VmrMLM was applied to identify QTNs and QEIs for three yield-related traits (grain yield, anthesis date, and anthesis-silking interval) of 300 tropical and subtropical maize inbred lines with 332,641 SNPs under well-watered and drought and heat stresses.ResultsAmong the total 321 genes around 76 QTNs and 73 QEIs identified in this study, 34 known genes were reported in previous maize studies to be truly associated with these traits, such as ereb53 (GRMZM2G141638) and thx12 (GRMZM2G016649) associated with drought stress tolerance, and hsftf27 (GRMZM2G025685) and myb60 (GRMZM2G312419) associated with heat stress. In addition, among 127 homologs in Arabidopsis out of 287 unreported genes, 46 and 47 were found to be significantly and differentially expressed under drought vs well-watered treatments, and high vs. normal temperature treatments, respectively. Using functional enrichment analysis, 37 of these differentially expressed genes were involved in various biological processes. Tissue-specific expression and haplotype difference analysis further revealed 24 candidate genes with significantly phenotypic differences across gene haplotypes under different environments, of which the candidate genes GRMZM2G064159, GRMZM2G146192, and GRMZM2G114789 around QEIs may have gene-by-environment interactions for maize yield.DiscussionAll these findings may provide new insights for breeding in maize for yield-related traits adapted to abiotic stresses.