Search

SiO 2 and SiO 2 -TiO 2 composite nanoporous coating was successfully prepared via sol-gel method in this paper. By the control of the different porosity of SiO 2 coating and content of TiO 2 in the mixture, the refractive index of the coatings can be adjusted from 1.17 up to 2.20 continuously, which can be well matched with most of the optic materials used in versatile detectors. Meanwhile, the thickness of the crack free SiO 2 and SiO 2 -TiO 2 nano-composite coatings can be easily controlled by employing different experimental parameters. As a typical example, a coating with refractive index of 1.82 was prepared for a GaAs based IR detectors. In 2.5 - 6.0Pm waveband, the maximum transmittance of GaAs substrate is increased from 56% for uncoated sample to 94% for coated sample, which agrees with the theoretical results quite well. Key words: SiO 2 -TiO 2 coating, sol-gel method, optical detector 1. INTRODUCTION At present, optical detectors have been widely used in commercial sensitive systems

To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute bacterial dysentery in recent years in Beijing so as to provide scientific reference for prevention and control of enteric infectious diseases.The data of age, occupation, symptoms, signs, pathogen detection of 652 patients with acute bacterial dysentery diagnosed clinically from April 2007 to October 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.The occupations of the 652 patients included office workers and functionaries (31.4%), students (29.4%), retirees (9.8%), unemployed and housewives (7.1%), commercial attendants (6.3), workers (4.8%), teachers (4.1%), and others (7.1%). Diarrhea, stomach ache, and fever were the main symptoms. Tenesmus and tenderness of left lower quadrant abdomen were infrequent. The positive rate of fecal bacterial culture was 17.7%. 8.9% of the patients were diagnosed as with bacterial dysentery by fecal bacterial culture.Most of the patients with bacterial dysentery in Beijing are young adults. The positive rate of fecal bacterial culture is low. It is difficult to differentiate bacterial dysentery from other diarrheal diseases.

To determine the clinical significance of serum myoglobin (Mb) in the evaluation of severity and prognosis of non-cardiogenic critically ill patients by comparing with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score.One hundred and thirty patients admitted consecutively to emergency intensive care unit (EICU) from April to December in 2005 were enrolled for the study. Determination of serum Mb content, routine serum biochemical tests and APACHE II scoring were performed simultaneously. The serum Mb was measured with the use of chemoluminescence and solid-chromatography. All the patients were followed up till recovery/discharge or death.APACHE II score, white blood cell count and mortality were significantly different between the two groups classified by the content of serum Mb [Mb140 microg/L (76 patients) and Mbor = 140 microg/L (55 patients)]. When Mb rose, diseases aggravated, APACHE II score and mortality went up (both P0.01). APACHE II score, Mb and neutrophil were remarkably higher in the death group (45 patients) than the recovery group (86 patients, all P0.01). Stepwise Cox Regression showed that Mb and APACHE II score were the parameters that related to the survival rate, while Mb was the main option. When Mb500 microg/L, the mortality rate was 82% (23/28); when APACHE II score20, the mortality rate was 85% (23/27); the morality rate went up to 95% (19/20) in the patients with Mb500 microg/L and APACHE II score20, suggesting that a combination of Mb determination and APACHE II score would raise the accuracy of evaluation of the prognosis of critically ill patients.Compares with APACHE II score for evaluation of critical illness, Mb can also be considered as a significant biomarker to evaluate the seriousness of the ailment in the critically ill and to judge the effect of the treatment.Therefore, it could be used as a prospective and meaningful biomarker for a quick evaluation of the disease severity in the ICU, so it is worth for further study.

To study the level of substance P(SP) and preprotachykinin A(PPTA) mRNA in trigeminal ganglia(TG)in rats with occlusal recoveryìand to discuss the mechanism of temporomandibular disorders.48 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and 3 control groupsì8 rats in each group. The right maxillary and mandibular molars in the experimental groups were ground to the gingival level without occlusal contact. The occlusal contact was recovered by stoping grinding the molars gradually. The section of trigeminal ganglia were used for immunohistological and in situ hybridization study. Light microscope and microscoic photo analytic software were employed to detect the percentage of SP and PPTA mRNA positive neurons in the frozen section of TGs in 48 rats. SPSS10.0 software package were used for statistical analysis.The percentage of SP positive neurons in TG with unilateral chew experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group (P0.01,P0.05).The decreased extent in the non-chewing side was much higher than that in the chewing side(P0.05).The percentage of PPTA mRNA positive neurons was significantly higher in both of the chewing and non-chewing sides of the unilateral chew experimental group than that in the control group (P0.05,P0.01)ì and that non-chewing side was significantly higher than that in the chewing side(P0.01).There was no significant difference in the percentage of SP and PPTA mRNA positive neurons between the early occlusal reconstruction the experimental group and the control group(P0.05), and there was no significant difference of those between the non-chewing side and the chewing side(P0.05). The results of later occlusal recovery in the experimental group was same to that of the unilateral chew experimental group.The expressions of SP and PPTA mRNA in TG can recover normal in the early occlusal recovery but can not in the later occlusal recovery. SP and PPTA mRNA might participate in the histopathologic mechanism of temporomandibular disorders.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has been increasingly used in treating patients with neurogenic dysphagia to improve nutrition status and prevent choking. PEG is mostly used for stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, although more evidence-based researches are required to assess the timing, risks, and survival benefits. Its application in senile dementia is still controversial.

To review the survival outcomes in patients with endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) in Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and to discuss prognostic factors and the role of post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Hospital records and pathology reports for 97 patients with ESS were reviewed. Among 97 patients, 69 had low-grade ESS (LGESS), 16 had high-grade ESS (HGESS) and 12 had unclear grade. The median age at diagnosis was 44.0 years. The median follow-up time was 62 months (5 - 277 months). Atypical vaginal bleeding (43%) and prolonged and increased menses (36%) were the main symptoms.Totally 2-year and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 93% and 84%, respectively. Cumulative survival curves were significantly different between LGESS and HGESS, and so did cumulative survival curves between stage I - II and stage III - IV (P0.05). Totally, 34 patients (37%) had local or distant recurrence. The median time-to-recurrence (TTR) was 27 months. The recurrence rates of the patients with or without preserve of ovary were 89% and 24%, respectively (P = 0.000). The local-control-rates of the patients who received or did not receive post-operative radiotherapy were 81% and 43%, respectively (P = 0.011).The prognosis of HGESS is obviously worse than that of LGESS. The risk of recurrence of patients with preserve of ovary was remarkably higher than that of patients without preserve of ovary. Postoperative radiotherapy could increase the local-control-rates.

To investigate the clinical value of lower medial leg fasciocutaneous flap for the repair of soft tissue defects at root of tongue.4 cases of soft tissue defects at root of tongue were underwent surgery with lower medial leg fasciocutaneous flaps. This paper describes in detail the anatomy of the flap, technique of make up the flap, advantages and disadvantages, and its clinical applications.All the 4 flaps were got successfully one stage repair. A satisfied reconstruction were attained, the transplanted skin grafts on the defect regions of lower medial leg survived without necrosis.The lower medial leg fasciocutaneous flaps is a good method for the repair of the defect reconstruction at the root of tongue. The soft tissue defects at root of tongue can be used the flap combined with partial soleus. The flaps not only has thin fat and soft quality, but also is far away from the region of head and neck. The donor site is blanket with less damage.

To investigate the efficiency of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced cervical cancer.Between Dec. 1999 and Dec. 2003, 158 women with cervical cancer were treated with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The regimen was 45 Gy/25 fraction radiation to the pelvis, intracavitary after-loading 7-9 fractions, (42 +/- 7) Gy to point A and 10-30 Gy to cervical submucosa 0.5 cm for debulking; meanwhile, chemotherapy was given with cisplatin 60 mg/m2, d1-d4, and 5-Fu 2400 mg/m2, over a 96-hour period.The rate of local resistence and pelvic recurrence was 4.4% and 3.2%, respectively. The rate of distant metastasis was 17.1%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 66.3%, without statistically significant difference between concurrent chemoradiation group and radiation alone group during the same period. The adverse effect included grade 3 or grade 4 leukopenia in 12.7% of these patients, grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 1.3%, anemia in 3.2%, diarrhoea in 17.8%, cardiac toxicity in 10.1% and radiation- related rectitis in 13.3% and cystitis in 0.6%, but alopecia was rare.Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy may not be able to improve survival for advanced cervical cancer, however, adverse effect is tolerable.

To investigate the microbiological spectra and clinical outcome of patients with pulmonary fungal infections.All the cases of clinically diagnosed pulmonary fungal infection from January 2002 to June 2006 were reevaluated according to the definitions of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycosis Study Group (EORTC/MSG), and the etiology of the patients were analyzed.Pulmonary fungal disease was classified as proven (n = 38), probable (n = 24), possible (n = 35) and colonization (n = 55). In the proven group, the most frequently encountered fungi were Aspergillus species (15/38), followed by Cryptococcus species (13/38), Candida species were rare (2/38). In the probable group, Aspergillus species and Aspergillus species + Candida species were among the most common pathogens; while in the possible group and the colonization group, Candida species were most frequently encountered. The mortality of patients with probable pulmonary fungal infection (58.3%) was higher than that of patients in the possible group (25.7%) or the colonization group (16.4%) (P = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that only APACHE II score was associated with outcome of patients with "pulmonary Candida infections", and antifungal therapy did not improve the outcome of such patients.The most frequently encountered fungi in patients with pulmonary fungal infections were Aspergillus species, followed by Cryptococcus species. Primary Candida pulmonary infections were rare.

Background and aim The therapeutic effect of pegylated interferon (peg-IFN)-alpha-2a combination with ribavirin on patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is dependent on the rapidity of the virological response. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of rapid virological response (RVR) and early virological response (EVR) on sustained virological response (SVR) in HCV patients treated with peg-IFN-alpha-2a and ribavirin. Methods The HCV genotypes of 105 patients with chronic hepatitis C were detected by enzyme-immunoassay. Patients received subcutaneous 180 microg peg-IFN-alpha-2a once weekly plus daily ribavirin. Patients with genotype 1 were treated for 48 weeks and patients with genotype 2 or 3 were treated for 24 weeks. HCV RNA was assessed by qualitative PCR at pretreatment, at weeks 4 and 12 during treatment, and at week 24 of follow-up. Virological response rates at different weeks were investigated, with RVR defined as serum HCV RNA undetectable after 4 weeks and EVR defined as HCV RNA either undetectable or decrease by >or=2 log(10) after 12 weeks. The effects of virological response rates at different weeks on SVR were analyzed. Results Of the 105 patients, 44 (41.9%) were genotype 1, 46 (43.8%) were genotype 2, and 15 (14.3%) were genotype 3. RVR rates (19.5%) of patients with genotype 1 were significantly lower than those (60.7%) of genotype 2 or 3 (chi(2) = 16.836, P = 0.000); and EVR rates (73.2%) of patients with genotype 1 were significantly lower than those (96.7%) of genotype 2 or 3 (chi(2) = 12.220, P = 0.000). The SVR rates (86.7%) of patients who had achieved RVR were significantly higher than those (43.9%) of patients who had not achieved RVR (chi(2) = 19.713, P = 0.000). The positive predictive value of RVR in all patients was higher than that of EVR, but there was no significant difference between RVR and EVR. The negative predictive value of RVR in all patients or with genotype 1 was significantly lower than that of EVR. In univariate analysis, HCV RNA level (P = 0.014), genotype (P = 0.001), RVR (P = 0.000) and EVR (P = 0.000) were associated with effect of treatment. However, in stepwise regression analysis, the independent factors associated with effect of antiviral therapy were RVR (OR = 6.501, P = 0.001), EVR (OR = 2.776, P = 0.003) and genotype (OR = 3.061, P = 0.024). Conclusions The RVR and EVR rates of patients with genotype 1 were significantly lower than those of patients with genotype 2 or 3. RVR had a similar predictive value as EVR on SVR. Genotype, HCV RNA level, RVR and EVR were associated with SVR. Genotype, RVR and EVR were independent factors for predicting the effect of antiviral therapy.

To investigate the expressions of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rats with occlusal reconstruction.30 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and 3 control groups, 5 rats in each group. The molar of the right maxilla and mandible of rats in the experimental groups were ground to the gingival level without occlusal contact. The occlusal contact was recovered by stopping grounding molar of the rats in two of the experimental groups. The section of the disc and articular capsule Was subject to immunohistological study to evaluate the expressions of CGRP by using SABC method. Light microscope and microscopic photo analytic software were employed to detect calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive (CGRP-LI) nerve fibers in frozen section of TMJs in 30 rats. SPSS10.0 software package were used for statistical analysis.The areas of CGRP-LI nerve fibers in unilateral chew group were significantly larger than those in the control group (P0.01, P0.05). The increment in the non-chewing side was significantly higher than that in the chewing side (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the areas of CGRP-LI nerve fibers between the early occlusal reconstruction group and the control group (P0.05) and there was no significant difference between the non-chewing side and the chewing side (P0.05). There was significant difference in the areas of CGRP-LI nerve fibers between the later occlusal reconstruction group and the control group (P0.01), while no significant difference was found between the non-chewing side and the chewing side (P0.05).The expressions of CGRP can recover normal in early occlusal reconstruction but not in later occlusal reconstruction.CGRP might participate in the histopathogenesis of temporomandibular joint disorders. Supported by Research Fund from Science and Technology Bureau of Taian City (Grant No.2003-52).

To optimize supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction process parameters of lignans from Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib.The supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction was adopted to extract lignans. The contents of total lignans and gamma-schisandrin were determined to test the influence of pressure, temperature, grinding particle size and flow rate of CO2.The extraction pressure and grinding particle size had significant effects on the content of total lignans and gamma-schisandrin. However, The extraction temperature and flow rate of CO2 had no significant effect on them.The optimum process parameters are as fouons: pressure is 10 MPa, temperature is 45 degrees C, flow rate of CO2 is 30 L/h and herbs are granulated.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification in patients with endometrial cancer.Twenty patients with endometrial cancer undergoing hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy were included in the study. At laparotomy, methylene blue dye was injected into the subserosal myometrium of corpus uteri at multiple sites. Dye uptake into lymphatic channels was observed and blue nodes were identified as SLNs. The SLNs were biopsied before lymphadenectomy performed. The samples of SLNs and non-SLNs were recorded separately and correlated with the final pathological results.Dye uptake into lymphatic channels was seen in all 20 cases. Among them, SLN was identified in 15 (75%) cases. A total of 71 SLNs with a mean number of 4.7 SLN (range, 1-10) were identified from all pelvic sites. The most frequent locations of SLNs included obturator in 29 (41%), interiliac in 16 (26%). No dye-containing paraaortic nodes were found. Two patients (10%) had nodal metastases, and they all had at least one SLN found to be positive. No adverse reactions or injures were attributed to the study.This study shows the feasibility and safety of SLN identification with blue dye in patients with endometrial cancer undergoing staging surgery. The approach might provide an alternative to limit the extent of nodal sampling.

Effects of different root canal preparation methods on root fracture resistance: A systematic review of the literature

To determine the presence, distribution, and metastasis incidence of parametrial lymph nodes (PLN) of patients with cervical cancer and to investigate the role of lymphatic mapping and topographic section in PLN identification.Sixty patients with early stage (Ib-IIa) cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were included in the study. Before surgery 4 ml methylene was injected into the cervix around the tumor. The blue-dyed lymph nodes were identified as sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) during operation. An immediate topographic section on uterine specimen was performed to separate the PLN from parametria for pathologic examination.Ninety five PLN were presented in 38 (63%) of 60 specimens, with a mean size in diameter of (0.46 +/- 0.24) cm. Among the total PLN, 57 (60%) were located parallel to uterine artery through the entire broad ligament, and the other 38 (40%) were scattered in cardinal ligament, sacral ligament and vesicocervical ligament. After lymphatic mapping, 69 (73%) of PLN were dyed and identified as SLN. Parametrial metastasis was found in 12 (20%) patients, and parametrium was the only site containing positive nodes in 2 patients with parametrial metastasis. On routine pathologic evaluation, 17 PLN were found to be positive. Among the remaining 78 PLN, multilevel sectioning in conjunction with immunohistochemical analysis was carried out and 3 PLN containing micrometastases were identified.The study shows that PLN are usually found in the parametria, and these nodes often contain metastatic diseases which are easily overlooked. Lymphatic mapping followed by meticulous topographic section is feasible in PLN identification in patients with cervical cancer.

To develop a method of RP-HPLC for determination of schisandrin content in Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib.RP-HPLC analysis was carried out by using Kromasil C18 column (5 microm, 250 mm x 4.6 mm) and methanol-water (65:35) as the mobile, and the detection wavelength was 250 nm.The method was linear in the range of 0.08-0.06 nicrog (r = 0.9998), and the average recovery was 100.24%, with the RSD of 2.09% (n=5).The method was simple, accurate, highly sensitive and reproducible. It may be used for the quantitative determination of schisandrin in extract of Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib.

To analyze the causes and therapeutic approaches for the complications of radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy in cervical cancer patients.From Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2003, 219 such patients were treated by radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy. The stages were: 26 stage IA (17 stage IA1 and 9 stage IA2) (11.9%); 142 stage IB (78 stage IB1, 64 stage IB2) (64.8%); 40 stage IIA (18.3%) and 3 stage IIB (1.4%). 204 patients in this series were treated by radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy and 15 by modified radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.a total of 49 patients (22.4%) developed postoperative complications. The major complications included: bladder dysfunction (10.0%); formation of lymphocysts (7.8%); wound infection (6.8%); hydronephrosis (1.4%) and formation of ureteral fistulas (0.5%). The patients in the group treated by radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy was likely to develop postoperative complication compared with the patients in the group by modified radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy (24.0% versus 0, P = 0.067). The postoperative complication incidence in the patients who had preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy through intra-arterial catheter or radical radiotherapy in the other hospitals were 50.0% (2/4) and 100.0% (1/1), which were higher than that of the patients treated primarily in our hospital (21.3%, 25.3%) though without statistically significant difference among the groups. Of 52 patients who had previous abdominal surgery history, 13 developed posoperative complications, there was no significant difference between the patients with or without previous abdominal surgery history. The complication incidence of 87 patients treated with preoperative afterloaded radiotherapy was higher than that of 124 patients primarily treated by surgery (25.3% versus 19.4%), but the difference between two groups was statistically not significant (P = 0.239).The complication of radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is correlated with the surgery mode. Preoperative afterloaded radiotherapy may not increase postoperative complication incidence. Properly reducing the extent of surgery may decrease incidence of complications.

To assess the value of fecal calprotectin as a non-invasive screening biomarker in differential diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome compared with fecal occult blood test (FOBT), erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) or C reactive protein (CRP).Subjects were a total of 240 persons, including 60 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, 60 patients with colorectal cancer, 60 patients with chronic inflammation, and 60 healthy controls. 5 g fecal samples were collected within one week of endoscopy or before surgical operation. Fecal calprotectin was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit in spot stool samples. At the same time, FOBT was measured; the results of ESR and CRP in hospital lab were collected.The median of fecal calprotectin concentrations were 12.21 mg/kg and 15.36 mg/kg in IBS and healthy controls, respectively. There was no statistical significance of calprotectin concentration between patients with IBS and healthy controls (P0.05). The median of fecal calprotectin concentrations were 159.00 mg/kg and 466.00 mg/kg in colorectal cancer and chronic inflammation respectively. There were statistical significance between patients with chronic inflammation, colorectal cancer, and others (P0.01). The maximal calprotctin concentration was with chronic inflammation; the medium with colorectal cancer; the minimum with IBS and healthy controls. When the cut-off limit was set as 50 mg/kg of fecal calprotectin, the positive rates of colorectal cancer, chronic inflammation, IBS and healthy controls were 85.0%, 91.7%, 10%, and 5%,respectively. Fecal calprotectin was much superior to FOBT, ESR and CRP.Fecal calprotectin as a non-invasive screening biomarker in the differential diagnosis of IBS and symptomatic chronic large intestinal organic disease was better than FOBT, ESR and CRP. It was simple, inexpensive, repeatable and no-invasive. It can be used as a biomarker in exclusion from related organic diseases before the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome.

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for occlusive lesions in supra-arch vessels with brain ischemic symptoms.A total of 56 occlusive lesions of the innominate, subclavian, and internal carotid arteries were treated with angioplasty and intravascular stent placement in 52 patients. The degree of stenosis was more than 60% in all patients and the leading symptom was brain ischemia. In 11 patients, the occluded subclavian artery could not be crossed via the femoral route, therefore the brachial route was used and the occlusion was crossed in a retrograde fashion.Technical success was achieved in 54 of 56 procedures (96.4%). Residual stenosis was less than 30% in all cases. The clinical symptoms improved after procedure in all patients. Complications occurred in 3 of 52 (5.8%) procedures, and the 30-day mortality rate was 0. There were no death and severe stroke in the follow-up period (means 24 months). Restenosis was observed in 2 patients after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty treatment.Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting is a safe and valid choice for treatment of occlusive lesions of supra-arch vessels in patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms.

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification has been increasingly used in the treatment design of a variety of solid tumors, particularly breast cancer and melanoma. A negative SLN predicts the absence of tumor metastases in the regional lymph nodes with high accuracy. This study was to investigate the clinical value of combined isotope-dye technique for detecting SLN, and to evaluate the accuracy of SLN in predicting the pelvic lymph nodes status in patients with early stage cervical cancer.A total of 27 patients with early stage cervical cancer,scheduled for radical hysterectomy and total pelvic lymphadenectomy, were eligible for the study. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed with injection of radioactivity isotope (99m)Tc-labeled dextran ((99m)Tc-DX) into the uterine cervix 16 h before surgery. Methylthioninium (4 ml) was injected into the same points as (99m)Tc-DX during surgery, and the patients underwent lymphatic mapping with a handheld gamma-detecting probe. After resection of SLNs, standard radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection was performed. All removed lymph nodes, including the SLNs, were examined by routine histopathology. The histopathologic results of SLNs and non-SLNs were compared.The detection rates of SLN were 96.3% by blue dye method, and 100% by radiolabeled tracer or combined isotope-dye. Blue dye method identified 61 SLNs, radiolabeled tracer identified 69 SLNs, and combined isotope-dye identified 70 SLNs. Preoperative SPECT/CT fusion images detected 4 SLNs in the parametrium. Seven (25.9%) patients had lymph node metastasis. The sensitivity, accuracy, negative predictive value, and false negative rate of SLN detection were 85.7% (6/7), 96.3% (26/27), 95.2% (20/21), and 14.3% (1/7), respectively.SPECT/CT imaging not only is superior to planar imaging in detecting SLN but also enables precise localization of SLNs. The combined isotope-dye method can improve the accuracy of SLN detection. SLN detection can accurately predict the pelvic lymph nodes status in early stage cervical cancer.

To study the effect of occlusal recovery on masticatory muscles in rats with unilateral chew.40 white rats were divided into two experimental groups and two control groups. The right upper and lower posterior teeth of all the rats were ground to the gingival level without occlusal contact. The rats of the first experimental and control group were killed 10 weeks late,those of the second groups were killed 16 weeks late. The pathological changes of masticatory muscles were studied. SPSS 10.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.There was significant correlation between the first experimental group and control group in the damage of masticatory muscles (Chi(2)=40, P0.01). However,there was no significant correlation between the second experimental group and control group in the damage of masticatory muscles (Chi(2)=3.66, P0.05).Early occlusal recovery can rehabilitate the damage of masticatory muscles in rats with unilateral chew.

To assess prognostic factors in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma.Totally 159 cases of primary cervical adenocarcinoma were diagnosed in Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College between 1992 and 2002. Clinical and pathological data including patients'age, delivery, tumor size, stage, grade, histological subtype, Pap smear, serum CA125 and treatment were reviewed. Mean age at presentation was 51.4 years. And the mean follow-up time was 59.8 months. According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), patients with stages I-IV accounted for 13.2%, 34.0%, 45.3% and 7.5%, respectively. Survival analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 11.0.The overall 5-year survival rate was 47.9%. It was 86.1%, 56.4%, 36.0% and 0 for stages I, II, III and IV respectively. And 29.6% cases experienced recurrence or distant metastasis. The 5-year survival rate for them was 17.3%. In univariate analysis, tumor size (P = 0.009), stage (P0.01) and elevated serum CA125 values (P = 0.039) were significant factors for survival. In the group of 27 cases who received surgery, the survival was significantly poorer for cases with pelvic lymph node metastases (P = 0.001) and deep stromal invasion (P = 0.009). Only stage and pelvic lymph node metastases remained significant predictors for survival when multivariate analysis was performed.This retrospective study suggests that FIGO stage and pelvic lymph node metastasis are independent factors in prediction of survival in cervical adenocarcinoma. Survival rate remains to be improved.

To discuss the perioperative management of hemophiliacs A with orthopaedic complications.To regulate the injection of factor VIII concentrate in peroperative period by testing the level of factor VIII:C in 27 cases. The lever of factor VIII:C was improved to 30% - 50% at the day before the operation. To the severe patients, it was maintained at 58.5% - 89.3% during the operation and at 47.0% - 78.4% in postoperation. While to the gentle, it was maintained at 38.5% - 52.5% during the operation and at 29.2% - 52.3% in postoperation. The individualized surgical procedures were carried out, such as arthrocentesis, open knee synovectomy or arthroscopic synovectomy, evacuation or curettage of haematoma, debridements, internal fixation.All patients were cured in 14 - 105 days by regulating the injection of factor VIII during the peroperative period. The usage of factor VIII was 1 200 - 70 250 IU.While the hemophiliacs have orthopaedic complications, it is necessary to promise the factor VIII:C being maintained at the lever of hemostasis during the peroperative period. The hemophiliacs are endurable to the operation.

On the basis of analyzing the present urban traffic management systems in China, this paper presents a hierarchical intelligent control and coordination conceptual architecture of urban traffic control system and urban traffic guidance system, which are two dominant and efficient traffic management systems. The technique expects to be much easier for deployment. In the primary coordination of fixed timing control for different time of the day and outdoor guidance system, the paper suggests the signal timing parameters should be regulated in a week interval according to statistical intersection delays, and the guidance information should be explicit traffic condition estimation with fuzzy matching from congestion measurement of links and intersections. Further more, the higher coordination mechanism of adaptive signal control and in-vehicle route guidance is also put forward, a system optimum equilibrium flow model is described with minimizing the total delay of the road networks, getting optimal traffic volume on a link, then calculating the signal timing parameters and optimal route so to make full use of road network resources and realize efficient transportation.

The therapeutic effect of Jiang Tang San (JTS) on 30 cases with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), was observed, whose fasting blood glucose ranged from 11. 1 mmol/L to 13. 8 mmol/L. The results suggested that JTS has significant effect on NIDDM patients in lowering blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure levels. Clinical symptoms and blood glucose improved rapidly. JTS promoted the elevation of serum insulin level 1 hour after meal. The total effective rate of lowering blood glucose reached 86.7%. The results showed JTS is better than berberine on lowering blood glucose (P

To develop sustained release delivery gutta-percha point containing metronidazole (SRDGM) for root canal disinfection, and determine the drug concentration in vitro and the time that the device maintains the effective drug concentration.The gutta-percha was selected as the carrier and adsorbed metronidazole etc. The point was coated with mixation of ployethylene glycol and acetate fibre to prepare the groups of SRDGM.The group that released the longest period of the effective drug was selected for the following study. Eight teeth were selected, the SRDGM was used to disinfect the root canal. The adsorption was measured for 24 hours and 10 days.The SRDGM contained metronidazole 2013 microg, it could release 68.24% of the total drug in 24 hours in vitro. The effective metronidazole concentration released lasted more than 10 days. On the 10th day, there was also 33.13 microg/ml metronidazole released which was more than minitory inhibitory concentration of metronidazole.SRDGM could carry the metronidazole and control the release rate. It could maintain the effective drug concentration for a long time (10 days) in root canal.

The progress in the research of the chemical constituents and their pharmacological activities of Kadsura was summarized. These chemical constituents mainly contain lignanoids and triterpnoids, much of which are characteristic ingredients of the plant and have such activities as anti-oxidation, anti-HIV, and platelet active factor antagonists.

To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the influence of neprilysin expression induced by LPS in BT325 cell line.MTT was used to measure the levels of the survival rate of BT325 cultured with ginsenoside Rg1 and LPS in different concentrations. The expression of NEP was measured by RT-PCR.The survival rate of BT325 was obviously inhibited by LPS, and the expression of NEP was decreased. The survival rate of BT325 was obviously raised by ginsenoside Rg1, and the expression of NEP was increased.LPS can cause cell damage, and decrease the expression of NEP. Ginsenoside Rg1 can exert neuroprotective properties which protects BT325 cell line from the cell toxicity of LPS.

To investigate the pathogenesis of Abeta42 yielding and new drug targets as well as the possibility of RNA interference (RNAi) technique for treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD).Human AD presenilin 1 (PS1) cDNA sequence was obtained from NCBI website. The three sites of RNAi action and one missense control site were selected in PS1 cDNA through online design of Ambion company. To confirm specificity of these sites, we conducted a BLAST search of the IMAGE EST library. The corresponding double-stranded DNA was used to construct pSilencer 3.1-H1 plasmid, which could transcribe small interference RNA (siRNA). Then, the pSliencer 3.1-H1 plasmids were transfected into CHO/PS1/APP cells with SuperFect transfection reagent. The cells have been transfected with the mutant PS1 and APP gene of AD. All the CHO/PS1/APP cells with pSliencer 3.1-H1 plasmids were screened out using G418. Transcripts of PS1 gene in CHO/PS1/APP were measured by RT-PCR, the contents of PS1 peptide and Abeta42 production inside CHO/PS1/APP cells were examined through Western blot and the Abeta42 change of secretion by CHO/PS1/APP was determined with ELISA.The site 3 of PS1 mRNA was inhibited by RNAi after 2 d. The effect was more obvious with the time. The peptide corresponding to PS1 gene and Abeta42 production in CHO/PS1/APP cells were both reduced after siRNA interfere for 3 d. Abeta42 secretion by CHO/PS1/APP cells began to reduce on d 3, and reached the most significance on d 5. There was a time-dependent relationship between the transcript of PS1 gene and the production of Abeta42 with RNAi action.PS1 is essential for g-secretase activity. Inhibition of the PS1 can decrease the levels of Abeta42. Some sites of PS1 mRNA, for example, the site 3, may serve as a new drug target and RNAi probably can be used for treatment of AD.

To discuss the diagnostic methods of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) and clinical outcome following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.Of 24 patients with TRAS screened by color Doppler ultrasound and confirmed with digital subtraction angiography, balloon angioplasty was performed in 19 patients, and 5 patients received stent implantation, including 2 cases of recurrent stenosis.Technical success was achieved in all procedures with no serious complications. The blood pressure and serum creatinine levels of all patients were remarkably decreased (P0.01). Renal functions of the two patients with restenosis were significantly improved after intra-arterial stenting.Doppler ultrasonography is useful in the screening and follow-up of TRAS and arteriography is still the definite diagnostic method. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting are safe and effective procedures to treat TRAS.

To evaluate relationship between serum level of leptin and the components of risk factors for metabolic syndrome and to analyze the characteristics and laws of clustering of the risk factors.Totally, 795 non-diabetic adult Chinese subjects (691 men and 104 women, aged 40 - 75 years) from a diabetes prevalence survey in 2000 were involved in this study. Measurements included serum levels of true insulin (TI), leptin, fasting lipids, fasting glucose (FBG) and 2 h postchallenge glucose, as well as seated blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference (WHR), calculated quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), etc. Relationship between serum level of leptin and all the variables mentioned above was studied by statistical methods such as factor analysis, etc.Serum level of leptin in the study subjects increased with the number of components of abnormal metabolism they had. Detection rates of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in those with the upper tertile of serum leptin level than in those with the lower tertile. Factor analysis revealed that variation of the 11 variables including serum level of leptin was affected by the three factors, i.e., the central factor associated with BMI, WHR, FTI, QUICKI and higher serum level of triglyceride (TG) and lower serum level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), the glucose intolerance factor loaded with blood glucose level, FTI, QUICKI and higher serum level of TG (in women only) and the hypertension factor loaded with blood pressure and BMI (in men only), which could explain 62.0% and 66.7% of total variance in men and women, respectively, and higher serum level of TI and insulin resistance also loaded with both the central factor and glucose tolerance factor.Serum level of leptin was significantly associated with the key markers of metabolic syndrome. Hyperleptinaemia could be a new component of metabolic syndrome. Clustering of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome could be affected by many factors, and although insulin resistance played an important role in it, insulin resistance alone could not explain its etiology.

To evaluate the clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in oral carcinomas.Immunohistochemical staining(SABC) was used to quantify VEGF expression in specimens from 56 patients with oral carcinomas. SPSS statistical software was used for analysis.VEGF expression was observed in 29 of the patients(51.8%). The microvessel count was significantly higher (P0.05) in the oral carcinomas with VEGF expression than in the oral carcinomas without it. In the clinicopathologic factors, lymph node metastasis(P0.05) and differentiated degree (P0.05) were significantly correlated with VEGF expression, but there was no significantly correlation between the clinicopathologic stage and VEGF positive expression. The 5-year survival rate after curative surgery was better in the patients without VEGF expression (P0.05).This study indicates that VEGF expression is associated with angiogenesis, VEGF is one of the main angiogenic factors for oral carcinomas. Quantification of VEGF in oral tissues may provide a valuable marker for the prognosis of patients with oral carcinomas.

To analyze the clinical characteristics of female pelvic tuberculosis for the differentiation from ovary carcinoma.Twenty patients who were confirmed having pelvic tuberculosis from March 1994 to May 2002 were retrospectively studied.Poor economic condition, history of tuberculosis or contact with tuberculosis, and fever were among the most important factors in differentiating pelvic tuberculosis from advanced ovarian cancer. Pelvic mass and ascites were present in all of the 20 patients, abdominal distension in 16, abdominal pain in 12, fever in 16, lost of weight in 13, and diarrhea in 6. The level of serum CA125 ranged from 65 U/L to 1,069 U/L. Peritoneal effusion cytology was studied in 16 cases before operation.The clinical differentiation of female pelvic tuberculosis from ovary carcinoma was difficult. Pelvic tuberculosis should be considered in young women presented with pelvic mass, ascites, fever, an elevated CA125 level and negative cytology, and with a history of tuberculosis or contact with tuberculosis.

To assess the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension and the relationship between blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance and leptin were examined.560 non-diabetic men, aged 35 - 75, selected from volunteers of health screening test during 2 000 were divided into hypertension group (n = 321, BPor= 140/90 mm Hg without antihypertensive medication). and normal blood pressure group (n = 239). The body weight, waist hip ratio,BP, plasma glucose, serum lipids, true insulin (TI) and leptin were measured after overnight fast. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-R).Fasting leptin level showed good correlation with BMI, fasting TI, HOMA-R, BP and also triglycerides (all P0.01). After adjustment for age, BMI and HOMA-R, serum leptin was still positively correlated to SBP (r = 0.11, P0.05), and was significantly higher in hypertensive subjects than in normotensive subjects (geometric mean 6.4 vs 4.7 micro g/L, P0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that leptin remained significantly associated with hypertension after adjustment for potentially confounding factors.Leptin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity related hypertension.

Accumulation of microtubule-associated protein tau has been observed in the brain of aging and tauopathies. Tau was observed in microglia, but its role is not illustrated. By immunofluorescence staining and the fractal dimension value assay in the present study, we observed that microglia were activated in the brains of rats and mice during aging, simultaneously, the immunoreactivities of total tau and the phosphorylated tau were significantly enhanced in the activated microglia. Furtherly by transient transfection of tau40 (human 2N/4R tau) into the cultured rat microglia, we demonstrated that expression of tau40 increased the level of Iba1, indicating activation of microglia. Moreover, expression of tau40 significantly enhanced the membranous localization of the phosphorylated tau at Ser396 in microglia possibly by a mechanism involving protein phosphatase 2A, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. It was also found that expression of tau40 promoted microglial migration and phagocytosis, but not proliferation. And we observed increased secretion of several cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide after the expression of tau40. These data suggest a novel role of human 2N/4R tau in microglial activation.

Dielectric relaxation and ultrasonic attenuation spectra of Sr4La2Ti4Nb6O30 tungsten bronze ceramics were investigated over a broad temperature range. A broad permittivity peak with strong frequency dispersion was observed around 200K, which followed well the Vogel-Fulcher relationship, and is attributed to relaxor ferroelectric behavior with spin glass nature. The ultrasonic investigation provided further evidence on this thermally activated process, and both the dielectric relaxation and the freezing of polar clusters were clearly observed in the ultrasonic velocity shift and ultrasonic attenuation spectra.