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RNA translation is tightly controlled in eukaryotic cells to regulate gene expression and maintain proteome homeostasis. RNA binding proteins, translation factors, and cell signaling pathways all modulate the translation process. Defective translation is involved in multiple neurological diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and poses a major public health challenge worldwide. Over the past few years, tremendous advances have been made in the understanding of the genetics and pathogenesis of ALS. Dysfunction of RNA metabolisms, including RNA translation, has been closely associated with ALS. Here, we first introduce the general mechanisms of translational regulation under physiological and stress conditions and review well-known examples of translation defects in neurodegenerative diseases. We then focus on ALS-linked genes and discuss the recent progress on how translation is affected by various mutant genes and the repeat expansion-mediated non-canonical translation in ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance electrochemical sensors have attracted intensive interest in real-time environmental safety monitoring, the Internet of Things, and telemedicine applications. A key limitation to field measurement of pollutant distribution is the lack of a highly sensitive and selective monitoring platform, thus severely hindering the decentralized monitoring of pollutant exposure risk. Hence, a sensor was developed in this study by using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Specifically, Cu2O@C@NiCo2O4, with a large surface area and high conductivity, was coated onto the Au electrode surface and further modified by the anodic electro-polymerization of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the template, followed by template removal for activation, thus obtaining the Au/Cu2O@C@NiCo2O4/MIP electrode. Particularly, an effective monitoring platform derived from this sensor was designed to achieve cost-effective pollution detection. Au/Cu2O@C@NiCo2O4/MIP was employed in a disposable microchip sensor for the sensitive detection of PFOA, exhibiting an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 19.46 ng L−1 in a linear range of 207–4140 ng L−1 along with satisfactory sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility, which reveal its great potential in the low-cost and efficient field detection of PFOA in coastal seawater. These promising results indicate a bright future for such microchip-sensor-supported PFOA tele-sensing platforms in aiding environmental safety and blue earth protection. We will persist in refining this method to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor for PFOA detection in polluted coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial effects of agricultural market integration on industrial agglomeration are an important field of regional economic. This paper collected the data of agricultural market integration and industrial agglomeration in 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019, analyzed the spatial effects of the two by constructing a dynamic spatial Dubin model, and explored its long-term and short-term effects of the spatial effects. The results show the following: (1) the primary terms of agricultural market integration were negative and the secondary terms were positive. The impact of agricultural market integration on local industrial agglomeration had a "U-shaped" characteristic. Whether in the short-term or long-term, there was a significant direct effect of "suppression to promotion." (2) The agricultural market integration had a spatial spillover effect on industrial agglomeration in the neighboring areas. This effect had an "inverted U-shaped" characteristic. Whether in the short-term or long-term, there was a prominent spatial spillover effect of "promotion to suppression." (3) For direct effects, the short-term direct effects of agricultural market integration on industrial agglomeration were − 0.0452 and 0.0077, and the long-term direct effects were − 0.2430 and 0.0419. For spatial spillover effects, the short-term spatial spillover effects were 0.0983 and − 0.0179, and the long-term spatial spillover effects were 0.4554 and − 0.0827. The long-term effects were greater than the short-term effects. This paper provides empirical evidence for the effects of agricultural market integration on industrial agglomeration in different regions, and exploring the development of agricultural agglomeration in the long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does not kill you may make you stronger in the face of future threats. A comprehensive understanding of the consequences of global changes requires simultaneous consideration of their positive and negative effects. Potential benefits of ecological stressors have been revealed by mounting evidence from various taxa and organizational levels, but an integrative framework is still lacking. We propose a new framework by identifying three mechanisms underpinning stressor-induced benefits – namely, seesaw effects, cross-tolerance, and memory effects – and further discuss their applications in ecological and agricultural management. Ecological stressors are considered to negatively affect biological systems; however, corresponding responses to stressors can be complex, depending on the ecological functions and the number and duration of the stressors. Mounting evidence indicates potential benefits of stressors. Here, we develop an integrative framework to understand stressor-induced benefits by clarifying three categories of mechanisms: seesaw effects, cross-tolerance, and memory effects. These mechanisms operate across various organizational levels (e.g., individual, population, community) and can be extended to an evolutionary context. One remaining challenge is to develop scaling approaches for linking stressor-induced benefits across organizational levels. Our framework provides a novel platform for predicting the consequences of global environmental changes and informing management strategies in conservation and restoration practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As permanent magnet claw pole machine (PMCPM) is designed with a complex 3D magnetic structure, the 3D finite element method (FEM) is commonly used for its accurate performance analysis. However, using 3D FEM will consume a long time in the initial design stage. Its analysis time can be saved greatly by using the analytical method (AM) or equivalent magnetic circuit method (MCM), however, the obtained performance is not accurate and some performance even cannot be obtained if only one of these methods is used. To overcome the above constraints, this paper proposes a calculation method that combined analytical and equivalent magnetic circuit method (AMCM) to calculate the main electromagnetic performance of PMCPM quickly. Its calculated results are verified by corresponding results obtained by using the 3D FEM. It can be seen that the proposed AMCM is effective for calculating the main electromagnetic performance and designing of PMCPM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed rain phenology (the start and end date of seed rain) is an essential component of plant phenology, critical for understanding population regeneration and community dynamics. However, intra- and inter-annual changes of seed rain phenology along environmental gradients have rarely been studied and the responses of seed rain phenology to climate variations are unclear. We monitored seed rain phenology of four forest communities in four years at different elevations (900 m, 1450 m, 1650 m, 1900 m a.s.l.) of a subtropical mountain in Central China. We analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of seed rain phenology of 29 common woody plant species (total observed species in the seed rain), and related the phenological variations to seed number and climatic variables using mixed-effect models with the correlation matrix of phylogeny. We found that changes in the period length were mainly driven by the end rather than the start date. The end date and the period length of seed rain were significantly different between the mast and non-mast seeding years, while no significant elevation-related trend was detected in seed rain phenology variation. Seed number, mean temperature in spring (Tspr), and winter (Twin), summer precipitation (Psum) had significant effects on seed rain phenology. When Tspr increased, the start date of seed rain advanced, while the end date was delayed and the seed rain period length was mainly prolonged by a higher seed number, Twin and Psum. Forest canopy might have a buffering effect on understory climatic conditions, especially in precipitation that lead to difference in seed rain phenology between canopy and shrub species. Our novel evidence of seed rain phenology can improve prediction of community regeneration dynamics in responding to climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]