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The WSe2/g-C3N4 (graphite carbon nitride) composite with photocatalytic properties was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. This synthesis pathway can be characterized by being simple, inexpensive and nonpolluting, integrating the concept of green chemistry. The WSe2/g-C3N4 composite could effectively degrade methyl orange solution under visible light irradiation. The decolorization experiment of methyl orange solution shows that the degradation rate of the 30 wt.% WSe2/g-C3N4 composite can reach 98.7% after 100 min of illumination, while the degradation rate of pure g-C3N4 was only 87.6% under the same conditions. This can be attributed to the fact that the combination of WSe2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets can increase the number of active binding sites, increasing the rate of charge separation and transport ability, decreasing the recombination rate of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Therefore, the WSe2/g-C3N4 composite will have potential development as a new material with low cost, easy synthesis and excellent performance in photocatalytic degradation of water pollution. The present research shown that WSe2/g-C3N4 composite has excellent photocatalytic properties for the degradation of MO in visible light. Photogenerated electron–hole pairs promote the degradation of MO into CO2, water and other minerals in acidic environment. Furthermore, the unique two-dimensional layered structure of WSe2 increases the active sites of the reaction, and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe disease without effective therapeutic means. Adiponectin (APN) is strongly expressed in human brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid and may play an anti-inflammatory role following ICH. NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family. Following ICH, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes neuroinflammation and brain edema. Here, we examined the effect of APN and the NLRP3 inflammasome on brain injury in an autologous blood model of ICH in rats and assessed whether APN could provide neuroprotection against inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 activity. Methods: The ICH model was produced by injection of 50 μl fresh autologous blood into brain, we used lentiviral-mediated overexpression of APN to determine the efficacy and mechanism of APN therapy in ICH injury. Results: APN decreased interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) production, attenuated neurological deficits, and reduced perihematomal brain edema 24 h after ICH. In rats with ICH, the protective effect of APN was associated with the reduced expression of NLRP3. APN and MCC950 (an NLRP3 inhibitor) both showed the same neuroprotective effect of reducing the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18. Conclusions: These results indicated that APN and the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, played the similar function in reducing brain injury and improving prognosis. Although further research is needed to confirm this, our findings suggest that APN may regulate inflammation injury via NLRP3 signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), which has a similar honeycomb lattice structure to graphene, is a promising dielectric material for a wide variety of applications. Herein, the growth of high‐quality and large‐size multilayer h‐BN crystals on Cu foils is reported by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at atmospheric pressure. The size of an individual isolated hexagonal crystal of h‐BN is about 20 µm, and the thickness is 3 nm. This paper studies the variables that affect h‐BN growth during the process and the microstructure changes during the growth. Through analysis of the thermal and dynamic processes of chemical vapor deposition, relationships are derived between the mass of h‐BN grown in the gas phase and various temperature and pressure factors. This information is used to develop appropriate parameters for commercial copper foil growth. Finally, using optimized conditions, high‐quality h‐BN at high pressure and low gas flow conditions are grown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • GSH has preservation effect on both VOC SCC extract and tea infusion. • GSH formed a covalent bond with hexanal and 2-methylbutanal, enhancing their stability. • GSH showed preservation effect on the no-volatile active ingredients in tea infusion. Chinese Oolong tea is widely known for its intricate aroma. However, the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) poses significant challenges for the tea products. In this study, glutathione (GSH) has an excellent preservation effect on VOCs in both the VOCs extract and the tea infusion during storage, specifically slowing the degradation of hexanal (by 66.39% and 35.09%) and heptanal (by 67.46% and 63.50%). Additionally, the addition of GSH maintained higher levels of active ingredients in tea infusion, including epigallocatechin, procyanidin B1, glutamic acid, and L-(+)-arginine, with respective increases of 184.09, 2.92, 4.10, and 6.35 times. The sulfhydryl group of GSH formed a covalent bond with hexanal and 2-methylbutanal, therefore improving the stability of VOCs. These findings provided a valuable insight for developing effective VOC preservation techniques for water-based tea products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the intricate interplay between urbanization, environmental regulation, gross domestic product (GDP), and their collective impact on agricultural land use efficiency, with a specific focus on the potential implications for a just transition. As the world grapples with growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development, understanding how these factors influence agricultural practices is paramount. The research employs a multi-dimensional approach, utilizing a comprehensive dataset of agricultural, economic, and environmental indicators from various regions. Through a combination of statistical analysis, econometric modeling, and case studies, the study unveils the complex relationships between urbanization, environmental regulation stringency, GDP growth, and agricultural land use efficiency. The findings highlight that the dynamic signifies China's agricultural land use efficiency initially ascending and later descending. The progressive improvement in average agricultural land use efficiency, from 1.0196 in 2005 to 1.0891 in 2021, underscores a positive trend in China's agricultural practices. It also shows that as one region enhances its agricultural land use efficiency, there is a corresponding improvement in the agricultural land use efficiency of the surrounding areas. Evidently, within all three regions, environmental regulations and GDP exert a direct influence on agricultural land use efficiency. However, it is noteworthy that the significance of urbanization is more pronounced in the eastern and middle regions, while the western region places greater emphasis on the pivotal role played by agricultural machinery total power and fiscal expenditure. This differentiation underscores the distinct drivers and dynamics shaping agricultural land use efficiency in each of these regions. • Environmental concerns and sustainable development are paramount for agricultural practices. • Urbanization, environmental regulation, and GDP are vital for land use. • Just transition should be considered for improving land use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BT-UVs) have attracted concerns due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment, and their bioaccumulative and toxic properties. However, little is known about their aquatic environmental degradation behavior. In this study, photodegradation of a representative of BT-UVs, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-P), was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation. Results show that UV-P photodegrades slower under neutral conditions (neutral form) than under acidic or alkaline conditions (cationic and anionic forms). Indirect photodegradation is a dominant elimination pathway of UV-P in coastal seawaters. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from seawaters accelerate the photodegradation rates mainly through excited triplet DOM (3DOM⁎), and the roles of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical are negligible in the matrixes. DOM from seawaters impacted by mariculture exhibits higher steady-state concentration of 3DOM⁎ ([3DOM⁎]) relative to those from pristine seawaters, leading to higher photosensitizing effects on the photodegradation. Halide ions inhibit the DOM-sensitized photodegradation of UV-P by decreasing [3DOM⁎]. Photodegradation half-lives of UV-P are estimated to range from 24.38 to 49.66 hr in field water bodies of the Yellow River estuary. These results are of importance for assessing environmental fate and risk UV-P in coastal water bodies. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a promising clean and renewable energy source. Thus, efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the HER have attracted considerable attention. Here, we report a two-step method for the synthesis of a unique CoMoO4–Co2Mo3O8 heterostructure. The CoMoO4–Co2Mo3O8 heterostructure exhibited superior HER activity that included a low overpotential of 57 mV, a Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1 in a 1 M KOH solution, and excellent long-term stability given its high intrinsic activity and superior conductivity. Density functional theory calculations indicated that CoMoO4 and Co2Mo3O8 synergistically optimized electron distribution to reduce hydrogen adsorption energy and significantly enhance electrocatalytic activity. Our work may provide novel ideas for improving the HER performance of valence-rich transition element oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The selection of marketing channels by vegetable producers directly affects the income of producers and is important for the maintenance of a stable supply of vegetables and food control. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to investigate the cooperative selection of vegetable marketing channels; to identify the factors that influence the selection of marketing channels by professional vegetable cooperatives by comparing emerging and traditional circulation modes; and to solve the problems related to vegetable circulation channels in Beijing. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 187 valid questionnaires were collected from seven main vegetable production districts in Beijing urban areas from September to December 2017, with a response rate of 89 percent. Binary logistic regression was used for analysis in this study. Findings: Results revealed that the cooperatives mainly selected large wholesalers, wholesale markets, supermarkets and electronic commerce as their marketing channels for their vegetables. Estimation results showed that among the 18 influencing factors in the four categories, the educational level of the person in charge and some other factors significantly influence the selection of these four distribution channels by the cooperatives. Research limitations/implications: Due to the lack of time and energy, this paper does not analyze the factors influencing a cooperative's choice of different e-commerce platforms. If this problem can be solved, it will definitely promote the development of e-commerce in rural areas. Originality/value: The results obtained in the present study and their implications could help policy makers establish a science-based and reasonable policy to encourage vegetable producers to participate in the new circulation modes of vegetables in Beijing and ensure their income in the vegetable supply chain. This study suggests methods to improve the vegetable sector in other cities facing similar issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Although the majority of smokers report making a quit attempt in the past year, smoking cessation rates remain modest. Thus, developing accurate, data-driven methods that can classify and characterize the neural features of nicotine use disorder (NUD) would be a powerful clinical tool that could aid in optimizing treatment development and guide treatment modifications. This investigation applied support vector machine-based classification to resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) data from individuals diagnosed with NUD (n = 108; 63 male) and matched nonsmoking controls (n = 108; 63 male) and multi-dimensional scaling to visualize the heterogeneity of NUD in individual smokers based on rsFC measures. Machine-based learning models identified five resting-state networks that played a role in distinguishing smokers from controls: the posterior and anterior default mode networks, the sensorimotor network, the salience network and the right executive control network. The classification method constructed classifiers with an average correct classification rate of 88.1 percent and an average area under the curve of 0.93. Compared with controls, individuals with NUD had weaker functional connectivity measures within these networks (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). Further, multi-dimensional scaling visualization demonstrated that controls were similar to each other whereas individuals with NUD had less similarity to controls and to other individuals with NUD. Our findings build upon previous literature demonstrating that machine learning-based approaches to classifying rsFC data offer a valuable technique to understanding network-level differences in nicotine-related neurobiology and extend previous findings by improving classification accuracy and demonstrating the heterogeneity in resting-state networks of individuals with NUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in degradation of organic pollutants by photochemically-produced reactive intermediates (RIs), such as excited triplet-states of DOM (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O 2) and hydroxyl radical (·OH). However, it is not clear whether DOM extracted from coastal seawaters (CS-DOM) and DOM derived from freshwaters (FW-DOM) exhibit similar effects on photodegradation of organic micropollutants. Herein, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1) was adopted as a model compound to probe the effects of different DOM on photodegradation kinetics of organic micropollutants. Results show that the CS-DOM promotes the photodegradation of BP-1 mainly via the pathway involving 3DOM*; while 3DOM*, 1O 2 and ·OH are responsible for BP-1 photodegradation in the presence of the FW-DOM. Compared with the FW-DOM, the CS-DOM undergoes more photobleaching, and contains less aromatic C=C and C=O functional groups. Although 3DOM* formation quantum yields for the CS-DOM are relatively higher than those for the FW-DOM, the CS-DOM has lower rates of light absorption, leading to lower steady-state RI concentrations for the CS-DOM. BP-1 photodegradation in the presence of the CS-DOM is faster than in the presence of the FW-DOM, due to higher second-order reaction rate constants between BP-1 and CS-3DOM* and fewer antioxidants contained in the CS-DOM. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Coastal seawater DOM is mainly from autochthonous sources with low aromaticity. • Coastal seawater DOM produces low steady-state concentrations of 3DOM*, 1O 2 and ·OH. • Coastal seawater DOM and freshwater DOM can enhance photodegradation of BP-1. • Coastal seawater DOM promotes photodegradation of BP-1 via 3DOM*. • Freshwater DOM promotes phototransformation of BP-1 via 3DOM*, ·OH and 1O 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary heart disease is a serious threat to human health. In China, medical care for the population has been focused on therapy with little follow-up of treated patients. The efficacy of therapy; however, is highly dependent on post-therapy recovery. Cardiac rehabilitation can significantly enhance patient physical strength and help delay and prevent the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Although the clinical significance of cardiac rehabilitation has been established, the compliance of patients is generally low. In efforts to improve patient compliance, domestic and foreign researchers have extensively studied and applied treatment models of cardiac rehabilitation according to the specific conditions and cultural background of each country. This study aimed to review the treatment models of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease and related factors affecting patient compliance to provide a better perspective of how patients with coronary heart disease can benefit from cardiac rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the exact changes of allopregnanolone-mediated γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor pathways and its specific therapeutic targets by Shuyu Capsule treating premenstrual depression, female Wistar rat models of premenstrual depression was established by Forced swimming test (FST). Behavioral tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), interference knockdown adenovirus, and overexpressed vector adenovirus of GABA A Rδ, RT-qPCR, Western-Blot, and immunohistochemical detecting expressions were applied to identify the therapeutic targets. FST-based rat model indicated that Shuyu capsules alleviated typical premenstrual depression and may regulate alternations of 5α-reductase and 3α-steroid dehydrogenase, enhancing the metabolic pathway of progesterone to allopregnanolone, as well as targeting the GABA A Rδ subunit, thereby alleviating premenstrual depression of PMDD rat models. • Forced swim-based rat model shows typical premenstrual depression. • Shuyu capsule alleviates premenstrual depression like fluoxetine. • Abnormal changes of allopregnanolone metabolic pathway targeting GABA (A) receptors δ subunit occurs in the hippocampus of premenstrual depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrode material is the core component of electrochemical sensor, which has a decisive influence on the detection performance of heavy metal ions. A novel electrochemical sensor based on amino modified metal-organic frameworks loaded three-dimensional carbon nanofiber aerogel composite material was proposed. The UiO-66-NH 2 was embedded into nanofibers through one-step electrospinning technology to forming a legume-like structure, ensuring the number of active sites N coordination with HMIs, which improved enrichment capacity of the sensor. 3D carbon nanofiber aerogel with multistage pore structure was developed by one-dimensional nanofibers as unit modules, which increases conductive path and HMIs transport channel. Accordingly, the UiO-66-NH 2 @carbon nanofiber aerogel modified electrode (N-U@CFA/GCE) as an electrochemical sensor exhibited an ultra-high sensitivity and the low limit of detection for the simultaneous detection of Cd2+ (0.52 nM) and Pb2+ (0.46 nM) using the differential pulse anode stripping voltammetry and was feasible and accurate for the detection of actual environmental water. The novel sensor platform has high sensitivity, stability and anti-interference, which showing great potential on HMIs monitoring. [Display omitted] • The UiO-66-NH 2 was embedded into carbon nanofibers affording to a legume-like structure. • The multistage pore structure carbon aerogel had abundant enrichment sites and network conductive paths. • The novel sensor exhibited an ultra-high sensitivity and the low LOD for detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the computed tomography (CT) findings of idiopathic mesenteric panniculitis and the factors related to its characteristics and to improve the understanding of the disease. The imaging findings of 121 patients with mesenteric panniculitis were retrospectively analyzed, along with related factors such as age, sex, and abdominal visceral fat area. Among the 121 patients, two had midgut malrotation, and the lesions were located outside the mesentery on the right side of the abdominal cavity, while the lesions in the other patients were located around the mesentery on the left side of the abdominal cavity, presenting as patchy or patchy fuzzy high-density masses. Annulus fibrosus and/or fatty ring signs were also observed in some patients. Scattered soft tissue nodules were observed around the mesentery in 119 patients. Eight patients had intestinal tract traction and retraction, and one patient had secondary intestinal obstruction. Nearly half of the patients had mesenteric vascular changes, and three had mesenteric vascular thrombosis. Among the 121 patients, there were 89 males and 32 females, aged 22–83, with an average age of 52.14 ± 13.53 years. The distribution range of abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) in 121 patients was 79.85–331.65 cm2. Mesenteric panniculitis has certain characteristic imaging findings that can be accompanied by often ignored changes in the mesenteric blood vessels and intestinal tubes. Intestinal obstruction and mesenteric vascular thrombosis are rare complications, and their primary causes are often overlooked. Mesenteric panniculitis was correlated with sex, age, and VFA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteins need to be located in appropriate spatiotemporal contexts to carry out their diverse biological functions. Mislocalized proteins may lead to a broad range of diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Knowing where a target protein resides within a cell will give insights into tailored drug design for a disease. As the gold validation standard, the conventional wet lab uses fluorescent microscopy imaging, immunoelectron microscopy, and fluorescent biomarker tags for protein subcellular location identification. However, the booming era of proteomics and high-throughput sequencing generates tons of newly discovered proteins, making protein subcellular localization by wet-lab experiments a mission impossible. To tackle this concern, in the past decades, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), especially deep learning methods, have made significant progress in this research area. In this article, we review the latest advances in AI-based method development in three typical types of approaches, including sequence-based, knowledge-based, and image-based methods. We also elaborately discuss existing challenges and future directions in AI-based method development in this research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]