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A trust deployment scheme based on layered idea was given for grid environment,which reduced the man-agement costs of system.The fine-grain trust model was proposed which was based on interaction capability and honesty ability.It enhanced the rationality of the model.At the same time,4 influencing factors about trust transitivity were dis-cussed,such as cycle path,path length threshold,node honesty threshold and further trust information.On this condition,the trust transitivity algorithm for grid was studied which was based on depth-first traversal.Example and experimental results show that the model and algorithm are feasible and correct.

Abstract Zinc hydroxide fluoride (Zn(OH)F) with novel flower-like morphology has been prepared via a microwave-assisted ionic liquid route. The flower-like Zn(OH)F particle has six petals and every petal is composed of lots of acicular nano-structure. Nanoporous ZnO is obtained by thermal decomposition of as-prepared Zn(OH)F in air, and the flower-like morphology is well retained. In the process of synthesis, ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is used as both the reactant and the template.

The water immersion residual coal tend to happen spontaneous combustion accidents after mining the coal seam. For exploring the oxidative re-ignition properties of high-temperature oxidized water-impregnated long-flame coal, the thermal evolution law toward each pre-oxidized coal soaked in water under varying heating rates (Rh) (5, 10, 15°C/min) has been analyzed by thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The findings are as follows: the DTG at the critical temperature (T1) and maximum weight loss temperature (T5) increases, the activation energy (E) decreases, and the heat output increases (maximum 6391J/g) with the rising Rh. The violent oxidated reaction process of coal samples has been delayed as the Rh was 10°C/min. The water-immersed coal sample (I200) contains more free water on the surface, and the maximum (0.45 mW/mg) and total (178.8 J/g) heat absorption of are higher. Oxidation at 200°C and soaking in water (O200I200) reduced the ignition point temperature (minimum 399°C) and E (minimum 18.5 kJ/mol), and increased the total heat release (maximum 323 J/g) making it easier to oxidize and re-ignite. Under the same Rh, the oxidation and combustion traits of each pre-oxidized water-immersed coal (PWIC) remained unchanged. Reducing the Rh can effectively prevent spontaneous combustion of high-temperature oxidized water-soaked coal in shallow-buried and short-distance coal seams in northwest of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have inspired the potential for widespread use in energy storage owing to the advantages of abundant resources and low cost. Benefiting from the layered structure, 2D‐layered materials enable fast interlayer transport of sodium ions and thus are considered promising candidates as anodes for SIBs. Herein, a strategy of adjusting crystal orientation is proposed via a solvothermal method to improve sodium‐ion transport at the edge of the interlayers in 2D‐layered materials. By introducing surfactants and templates, the 2D‐layered V5S8 nanosheets are controlled to align the interlayer diffusion channels vertically to the surface, which promotes the fast transport of Na+ at the edge of the interlayers as revealed by experimental methods and ab initio calculations. Benefiting from the aligned crystal orientation and rGO coating, the vertical‐V5S8@rGO hybrid delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 350.6 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 15 A g−1. This work provides a strategy for the structural design of 2D‐layered anode materials by adjusting crystal orientation, which demonstrates the promise for applications in fast‐charging alkaline‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deficiency of decidual NK (dNK) cell number and function has been widely regarded as an important cause of spontaneous abortion. However, the metabolic mechanism underlying the crosstalk between dNK cells and embryonic trophoblasts during early pregnancy remains largely unknown. Here, we observed that enriched glutamine and activated glutaminolysis in dNK cells contribute to trophoblast invasion and embryo growth by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) secretion. Mechanistically, these processes are dependent on the downregulation of EGLN1-HIF-1α mediated by α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Blocking glutaminolysis with the GLS inhibitor BPTES or the glutamate dehydrogenase inhibitor EGCG leads to early embryo implantation failure, spontaneous abortion and/or fetal growth restriction in pregnant mice with impaired trophoblast invasion. Additionally, α-KG supplementation significantly alleviated pregnancy loss mediated by defective glutaminolysis in vivo, suggesting that inactivated glutamine/α-ketoglutarate metabolism in dNK cells impaired trophoblast invasion and induced pregnancy loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]