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A procedure was proposed for regioselective acylation of methyl 2-methyl-4 H-thieno[3,2- b]-pyrrole-5-carboxylate with 2-(3-indolyl)-2-oxoacetyl chloride. Reactions of the resulting methyl 6-[2-(3-indolyl)-1,2-dioxoethyl]-2-methyl-4 H-thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate with aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate in acetic acid afforded the corresponding methyl 6-[2-aryl-4-(3-indolyl)imidazol-5-yl]-2-methyl-4 H-thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole-5-carboxylates. The structure of methyl 6-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(3-indolyl)imidazol-5-yl]-2-methyl-4 H-thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate was studied by X-ray analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acylation of indole and 2,5-dimethylthiophene with 2-(3-indolyl)-2-oxoacetyl chloride afforded the corresponding diketones. 1-(2,5-Dimethyl-3-thienyl)-2-(3-indolyl)ethanedione reacted with thiosemicarbazide under atmosperic and elevated pressure to give 6-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-5-(3-indolyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-3-thione whose structure was studied in detail by the X-ray diffraction method. Reactions of 6-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-5-(3-indolyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-3-thione with amines and hydrazine resulted in formation of fused triazolo- and tetrazolotriazines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

>A procedure was developed for the synthesis of bis(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)ethenes with partially fixed molecular conformation, and their photochromic properties in solution were studied. The structure of photochromic 1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-7,9-dimethyl-5,6-dihydrothieno[3',4' : 3,4]pyrido[1,2-c][1,3]oxazol-3-one, as well as of 1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-7,9-dimethylthieno[3',4' : 3,4]pyrido[1,2-c][1,3]oxazol-3-one possessing no photochromic properties, was determined by X-ray analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the process of synthesis of photochromic 4,5-dithienyl-1,3-oxathiol-2-ones. In a previous study, researchers have synthesized dithienylethenes with various heterocyclic bridges. In extension of that study researchers describe in this study the reaction of these substances with 1,1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole. They revealed a new direction of the process and have synthesized the unexpected 4,5-dithienyl-1,3-oxathiol-2-one compound. The structure of this compound was established from NMR and mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction study, and elemental analysis. According to X-ray diffraction data the molecule of compound exists in antiparallel conformation characteristic of photochromic substances.

Due to the lack of both common conception concerning etiology of male infertility and data about disorders of immune homeostasis concomitant with dysbiosis of urogenital tract in men with damages of reproductive function depending on features of alcoholic anamnesis, the aim of our research is studying influence of microbiocenoses in ejaculate on nonspecific immune factors in males suffering from fertile function damages depending on kind and amount of alcohol used. This article deals with findings concerning condition of semen analysis, cellular agents in innate immunity, bacteriological investigation of ejaculate in 73 males divided in 5 groups, depending on amount and kind of alcohol. According to data obtained it was established that all patients in groups under research suffered from incomplete phagocytosis in neutrophils links secondary to retaining functional and metabolic reserve in using strong alcoholic drinks and in its exhaustion in drinking excess bear and mixed alcohol. Studying microflora in ejaculate has shown presence only G+ flora (Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis) in drinking excess strong alcohol but in drinking excess bear and mixed alcohol both G+ microflora (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis) and G- microflora (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) have been observed. Associations of microorganisms have been revealed in males of all groups under research, in this case the most number of them has been revealed in drinking excess bear. In turn, the semen analysis showed that the most evident changes in ejaculate fertile properties were being observed at middle and high risk in consumption of beer and alcohol mixed, as astenoteratozoospermia. Proceeding from the data obtained one may suppose that drinking alcohol mixed is the factor causing development of incompetence for nonspecific protection, because it might lead to damages of microbiocenoses in ejaculate and male fertility reduced consequently.

The analysis of changes in the specific immunity in patients with purulent—necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) and sepsis was presented. Complicated DFS was diagnosed in 436 patients, of whom 29 (6.6%) — weighed down by sepsis. The concentration of the major classes of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG were determined by enzyme—linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the immune state was determined lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, CD3+, CD8+, CD25+) with monoclonal antibodies to antigens use by flow cytometry. It was found that in patients with DFS indicators specific cellular immunity were in a state of suppression, which deepened at complication of sepsis. Based on the derived formula with DFS marked disorders of the immune system I degree, in sepsis — II degree. Thus, the cellular and humoral immune system in patients with both DFS and sepsis qualified as a general immune depression.

Interactions of Marburg virus and mononuclear phagocytes of guinea pigs were studied using a complex of virologic methods and electron microscopy. Active reproduction of Marburg virus in peritoneal macrophages both in vitro and in vivo was revealed. The study showed that mononuclear phagocytes were the first target cells in guinea pigs intraperitoneally infected with Marburg virus which provided virus dissemination into interstitial tissue of viscera. Analysis of the results indicates an important role of viral alteration of mononuclear phagocytes in the pathogenesis of Marburg disease.

Carbohydrate antigens (CA-19.9 and CA-125) levels were assayed in patients suffering rectal, ovarian, breast and hepatic carcinoma, severe recurrent hepatitis A, chronic persistent hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and in cases of normal pregnancy. Patients with early-stage cancer usually failed to reveal the said antigens. This was also the case in some patients with clinically manifest tumor. Clinical application of said assay may improve postoperative monitoring cancer patients. Cancer was more frequently associated with increased level of CA-19.9 than with that of CA-125.

Effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on mucus secretion by mucocytes of the fundal part of the rat stomach has been studied electron microscopically, morphometrically and biochemically. PGE2 is found to stimulate synthesis of glycoproteins and their secretion by the mucocytes that results in increasing the relative volume of Golgi complex and in decreasing that of secretory granules. Actinomycin does not affect and cycloheximide blocks the stimulating activity of prostaglandin. This demonstrates that prostaglandin produces its action at the posttranscriptional (translational) level controlling mucus secretion of mucocytes. Owing to the results of the investigation and of those previously obtained on incorporation of 3H-pentagastrin and 3H-histamine into the cells of the mucous tunic, at least two mechanisms are supposed to control the gastric mucus secretion.