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252. Spatial and seasonal variations of aerosols over China from two decades of multi-satellite observations. Part I: ATSR (1995–2011) and MODIS C6.1 (2000–2017)

Author

Sogacheva, Larisa, primary, de Leeuw, Gerrit, additional, Rodriguez, Edith, additional, Kolmonen, Pekka, additional, Georgoulias, Aristeidis K., additional, Alexandri, Georgia, additional, Kourtidis, Konstantinos, additional, Proestakis, Emmanouil, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Amiridis, Vassilis, additional, Xue, Yong, additional, and van der A, Ronald J., additional

Published
2018
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253. Supplementary material to "Spatial and seasonal variations of aerosols over China from two decades of multi-satellite observations. Part I: ATSR (1995–2011) and MODIS C6.1 (2000–2017)"

Author

Sogacheva, Larisa, primary, de Leeuw, Gerrit, additional, Rodriguez, Edith, additional, Kolmonen, Pekka, additional, Georgoulias, Aristeidis K., additional, Alexandri, Georgia, additional, Kourtidis, Konstantinos, additional, Proestakis, Emmanouil, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Amiridis, Vassilis, additional, Xue, Yong, additional, and van der A, Ronald J., additional

Published
2018
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255. Two decades of satellite observations of AOD over mainland China using ATSR-2, AATSR and MODIS/Terra: data set evaluation and large-scale patterns

Author

de Leeuw, Gerrit, primary, Sogacheva, Larisa, additional, Rodriguez, Edith, additional, Kourtidis, Konstantinos, additional, Georgoulias, Aristeidis K., additional, Alexandri, Georgia, additional, Amiridis, Vassilis, additional, Proestakis, Emmanouil, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Xue, Yong, additional, and van der A, Ronald, additional

Published
2018
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256. Nine-year spatial and temporal evolution of desert dust aerosols over South and East Asia as revealed by CALIOP

Author

Proestakis, Emmanouil, primary, Amiridis, Vassilis, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Georgoulias, Aristeidis K., additional, Solomos, Stavros, additional, Kazadzis, Stelios, additional, Chimot, Julien, additional, Che, Huizheng, additional, Alexandri, Georgia, additional, Binietoglou, Ioannis, additional, Daskalopoulou, Vasiliki, additional, Kourtidis, Konstantinos A., additional, de Leeuw, Gerrit, additional, and van der A, Ronald J., additional

Published
2018
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258. Quality assessment of the Ozone_cci Climate Research Data Package (release 2017): 2. Ground-based validation of nadir ozone profile data products

Author

Keppens, Arno, primary, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, additional, Granville, José, additional, Hubert, Daan, additional, Verhoelst, Tijl, additional, Compernolle, Steven, additional, Latter, Barry, additional, Kerridge, Brian, additional, Siddans, Richard, additional, Boynard, Anne, additional, Hadji-Lazaro, Juliette, additional, Clerbaux, Cathy, additional, Wespes, Catherine, additional, Hurtmans, Daniel R., additional, Coheur, Pierre-François, additional, van Peet, Jacob C. A., additional, van der A, Ronald J., additional, Garane, Katerina, additional, Koukouli, Maria Elissavet, additional, Balis, Dimitris S., additional, Delcloo, Andy, additional, Kivi, Rigel, additional, Stübi, Réné, additional, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, additional, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, and Zehner, Claus, additional

Published
2018
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259. Cost-effectiveness of a transitional pharmaceutical care program for patients discharged from the hospital

Author

Afd Pharmacoepi & Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Karapinar-Çarkıt, Fatma, van der Knaap, Ronald, Bouhannouch, Fatiha, Borgsteede, Sander D, Janssen, Marjo J A, Siegert, Carl E H, Egberts, Toine C G, van den Bemt, Patricia M L A, van Wier, Marieke F, Bosmans, Judith E, Afd Pharmacoepi & Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Karapinar-Çarkıt, Fatma, van der Knaap, Ronald, Bouhannouch, Fatiha, Borgsteede, Sander D, Janssen, Marjo J A, Siegert, Carl E H, Egberts, Toine C G, van den Bemt, Patricia M L A, van Wier, Marieke F, and Bosmans, Judith E

Published
2017

260. Intercomparison of NOx emission inventories over East Asia

Author

Ding, J. (author), Miyazaki, Kazuyuki (author), Johannes Van Der A, Ronald (author), Mijling, Bas (author), Kurokawa, Jun Ichi (author), Cho, Seog Yeon (author), Janssens-Maenhout, Greet (author), Zhang, Qiang (author), Liu, Fei (author), Levelt, Pieternel Felicitas (author), Ding, J. (author), Miyazaki, Kazuyuki (author), Johannes Van Der A, Ronald (author), Mijling, Bas (author), Kurokawa, Jun Ichi (author), Cho, Seog Yeon (author), Janssens-Maenhout, Greet (author), Zhang, Qiang (author), Liu, Fei (author), and Levelt, Pieternel Felicitas (author)

Abstract

We compare nine emission inventories of nitrogen oxides including four satellite-derived NOx inventories and the following bottom-up inventories for East Asia: REAS (Regional Emission inventory in ASia), MEIC (Multiresolution Emission Inventory for China), CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) and EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research). Two of the satellitederived inventories are estimated by using the DECSO (Daily Emission derived Constrained by Satellite Observations) algorithm, which is based on an extended Kalman filter applied to observations from OMI or from GOME-2. The other two are derived with the EnKF algorithm, which is based on an ensemble Kalman filter applied to observations of multiple species using either the chemical transport model CHASER and MIROC-chem. The temporal behaviour and spatial distribution of the inventories are compared on a national and regional scale. A distinction is also made between urban and rural areas. The intercomparison of all inventories shows good agreement in total NOx emissions over mainland China, especially for trends, with an average bias of about 20% for yearly emissions. All the inventories show the typical emission reduction of 10% during the Chinese New Year and a peak in December. Satellite-derived approaches using OMI show a summer peak due to strong emissions from soil and biomass burning in this season. Biases in NOx emissions and uncertainties in temporal variability increase quickly when the spatial scale decreases. The analyses of the differences show the importance of using observations from multiple instruments and a high spatial resolution model for the satellite-derived inventories, while for bottom-up inventories, accurate emission factors and activity information are required. The advantage of the satellite-derived approach is that the emissions are soon available after observation, while the strength of the bottom-up inventories is that they in, Atmospheric Remote Sensing

Published
2017
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261. Space-based NOx emission estimates over remote regions improved in DECSO

Author

Ding, J. (author), Johannes Van Der A, Ronald (author), Mijling, Bas (author), Levelt, Pieternel Felicitas (author), Ding, J. (author), Johannes Van Der A, Ronald (author), Mijling, Bas (author), and Levelt, Pieternel Felicitas (author)

Abstract

We improve the emission estimate algorithm DECSO (Daily Emission estimates Constrained by Satellite Observations) to better detect NOx emissions over remote areas. The new version is referred to as DECSO v5. The error covariance of the sensitivity of NO2 column observations to gridded NOx emissions has been better characterized. This reduces the background noise of emission estimates by a factor of 10. An emission update constraint has been added to avoid unrealistic day-to-day fluctuations of emissions. We estimate total NOx emissions, which include biogenic emissions that often drive the seasonal cycle of the NOx emissions. We demonstrate the improvements implemented in DECSO v5 for the domain of East Asia in the year 2012 and 2013. The emissions derived by DECSO v5 are in good agreement with other inventories like MIX. In addition, the improved algorithm is able to better capture the seasonality of NOx emissions and for the first time it reveals ship tracks near the Chinese coasts that are otherwise hidden by the outflow of NO2 from the Chinese mainland. The precision of monthly emissions derived by DECSO v5 for each grid cell is about 20%., Atmospheric Remote Sensing

Published
2017
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263. Evaluation of surface emissions in Asia

Author

Granier, Louise, Doumbia, El Hadji Thierno, Sindelarova, Katerina, Bouarar, Idir, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Gregory J., Frost, Mijling, Bas, van der A, Ronald, Kurokawa, Jun-Ichi, Zhang, Qiang, Brasseur, Guy P., TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the Czech Academy of Sciences (UTIA / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), and Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; During the past few years, severe air pollution episodes were recorded in China, India and other regions in Asia. In order to understand the origin and evolution of these events, and to perform forecasts of air quality in Asia, it is necessary to have an accurate knowledge of the surface emissions involved in air pollution in this region. During the past few years, several inventories providing anthropogenic emissions for different regions in Asia were developed, as well as global emissions inventories. Depending on the inventory, the emissions are provided for different years during the 1960-2012 period.We will present a comparison of the inventories available for this period for China, India, South-East Asia, Korea and Japan. The comparisons will focus on total anthropogenic emissions and emissions from traffic. Emissions for speciated volatile organic compounds, i.e. alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes and aromatics will also be discussed.Emissions estimates of NOx, SO2 and VOCs for several regions in Asia were also quantified using inverse modeling techniques and satellite observations from the OMI and GOME-2 instruments. These optimized emissions will also be included in the analysis.

Published
2016

264. Overview of the main achievements of the Ozone Climate Change Initiative Project

Author

Van Roozendaël, Michel, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Lerot, Christophe, Hubert, Daan, Keppens, Arno, Balis, Dimitris, Koukouli, Mariliza E., Braesicke, Peter, Laeng, Alexandra, Stiller, G., Coheur, Pierre-François, Clerbaux, Cathy, Pommereau, Jean-Pierre, Dameris, Martin, Loyola, D., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Heue, K.-P., Weber, Mark, Rahpoe, Nabiz, Siddans, Richard, Miles, Georgina, Sofieva, Viktoria, Tamminen, Johanna, van der A, Ronald, van Peet, Jacob C. A., van Weele, Michiel, Stübi, René, Degenstein, D. A., Walker, K., López-Puertas, M., Zehner, C., Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), University of Toronto, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), and European Space Agency (ESA)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Atmosphärenprozessoren, Ozon Satelliten Beobachtung
Abstract

International audience; Atmospheric ozone is an Essential Climate Variable which impacts the radiation budget of the Earth, interacts with atmospheric dynamics and climate, and influences chemically other radiatively active species. As part of the Ozone Climate Change Initiative (Ozone_cci) project, a large number of ozone data sets have been generated from a full suite of atmospheric chemistry satellite missions. Following a first phase of 3 years during which new and improved algorithms and data products have been demonstrated and assessed against well-defined user requirements, the ongoing second phase of the Ozone_cci concentrates on extending and further improving these data sets with the ambition to realize the full potential of the existing archive of satellite ozone sensors. We present an overview of the main realizations of the project. This covers long-series of consistent ozone columns and profiles derived from nadir UV sensors and the thermal infrared IASI instrument. Also addressed is the generation of a large scale coherent data base of vertically resolved ozone measurements derived from a full suite of limb and occultation sensors, optimised for accuracy in a broad range of altitudes extending from the UT/LS to the mesosphere.

Published
2016

265. Quantifying VOC emissions from East Asia using 10 years of satellite observations

Author

Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Müller, Jean-François, Bauwens, Maite, de Smedt, Isabelle, van Roozendaël, Michel, Boersma, Folkert, van Der A, Ronald J., Coheur, Pierre-François, Clerbaux, Cathy, Cardon, Catherine, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; China’s emissions are in the spotlight of efforts to mitigate climate change and improve regional and city-scale air quality. Despite growing efforts to better quantify China’s emissions, the current estimates are often poor or inadequate. Complementary to bottom-up inventories, inverse modeling of fluxes has the potential to improve those estimates through the use of atmospheric observations of trace gas compounds. As formaldehyde (HCHO) is a high-yield product in the oxidation of most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by anthropogenic and natural sources, satellite observations of HCHO hold the potential to inform us on the spatial and temporal variability of the underlying VOC sources. The 10-year record of space-based HCHO column observations from the OMI instrument is used to constrain VOC emission fluxes in East Asia in a source inversion framework built on the IMAGES chemistry-transport model and its adjoint. The interannual and seasonal variability, spatial distribution and potential trends of the top-down VOC fluxes (anthropogenic, pyrogenic and biogenic) are presented and confronted to existing emission inventories, satellite observations of other species (e.g. glyoxal and nitrogen oxides), and past studies.

Published
2016

266. Main Theme: Atmosphere The AURORA H2020 project: Advanced Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone Retrieval for Applications

Author

Cortesi, Ugo, Del Bianco, Samuele, Gai, Marco, Ceccherini, Simone, Bonazountas, Marc, Kalogridis, Stelios, Trypitsidis, Anestis, Bos, Andrè, Zoutman, Erik, Loenen, Edo, Arola, Antti, Kujanpaa, Jukka, Kivi, Rigel, Van der A, Ronald, Van Peet, Jacob, Masini, Andrea, Morelli, Marco, Simeone, Emilio, Dragani, Rossana, Keppens, Arno, Lambert, JeanChristopher, Van Roozendael, Michel, Lerot, Christophe, and Verberne, Koen

Subjects
Sentinel-4/-5, Data Synergy, Atmospheric ozone, Copernicus
Abstract

A general overview is provided of the Horizon 2020 project AURORA (Advanced Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone Retrieval for Applications) funded by the European Union in the frame of the Call Space, EO22015: Stimulating wider research use of Copernicus Sentinel Data. The overarching objective of AURORA is to simulate the provision of synergistic data products for the vertical profile of atmospheric ozone and to assess their quality with respect to the one expected for the operational products of the geostationary (GEO) mission Sentinel 4 and of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mission as Sentinel5p and Sentinel5. The project addresses key scientific issues relevant for synergistic exploitation of data acquired in different spectral ranges by different instruments on board the atmospheric Sentinels. A novel approach, based on the assimilation of GEO and LEO fused products by application of an innovative algorithm to S4 and S5 synthetic data, is adopted to assess quality of the unique ozone vertical profile obtained in a context simulating the operational environment. First priority is then attributed to the lower atmosphere with calculation of tropospheric columns and UV surface radiation from the resulting ozone vertical distribution. In parallel, AURORA tackles the technological challenges of creating the infrastructure, exploiting virtual machines and cloud data sharing, to implement the data processing chain, including a geodatabase and webservices for data access. The infrastructure represents a best practice that plays a key role in ensuring wider use of Copernicus Sentinel data for academia, public agencies and industry. It is the basis for a market analysis for premarket applications and uptake in commercial communities. Strategic dissemination and exploitation is targeted to European level (academia, CAMS, GEOSS) and international level (potential synergies and data exchange will be investigated with TEMPO and GEMS, in USA and ASIA). This presentation offers a first introduction to the three years project AURORA (February 1st, 2016 - January 31st, 2019) and describes the scientific, technological and applicationoriented concepts acting as the pillars of the proposed research and development activities. The scope and objectives of the project, the work plan, the expected outcome, as well as the longterm perspectives, are illustrated in some details. In conclusion, the progress status, along with a summary of the results obtained in the preliminary and first phase of the program, is reported. Furthermore, it will be possible to follow the subsequent steps and the dissemination initiatives of AURORA by using the list of references and contact points indicated at the end of the overview.

Published
2016

267. Monitoring and Forecasting Air Quality over China: Results from the PANDA Modeling System

Author

Bouarar, Idir, Brasseur, Guy, Granier, Claire, Petersen, Katinka, Doumbia, El Hadji Thierno, Wang, Xuemei, Fan, Qi, Gauss, Michael, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, Pommier, Matthieu, van Der A, Ronald, Mijling, Bas, Wang, Lili, Xie, Ying, Zhu, Bin, Sudarchikova, Natalia, Cardon, Catherine, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), School of Environmental Science and Engineering [Guangzhou] (SESE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), The Shanghai Center for Urban Environmental Meteorology (SCUEM), and Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; With fast economic growth and development China is experiencing severe air pollution episodes related to rapid industrialization and urbanization since more than three decades. Through collaboration between 7 European and 7 Chinese research universities and institutes, the PANDA (Partnership with China on Space Data) EU-funded project aims to improve our understanding of the processes responsible for the formation, dispersion and destruction of air pollutants in East Asia. By combining space and in-situ observations and surface emissions of chemical pollutants with global and regional models of atmospheric composition, detailed analyses and reliable forecasts of regional air quality are produced with the aim of improving methods for monitoring and forecasting air quality in East Asia.Using a multi-model approach based on several global and regional state-of the art model simulations, we present detailed modeling studies of recent notorious haze events in East Asia (winter 2010 and 2013 haze events). We will demonstrate the effect of uncertainties and differences in current emission inventories for China and their resolution and temporal variation on model performance. We will focus especially on major city clusters that have experienced intense urbanization and population growth. The importance of using a downscaling approach to better reproduce and predict air pollution events that occur in East Asia will be discussed. The relation between the performance of the models and the complexity of their chemistry and aerosol schemes and choice of boundary and atmospheric forcing will be assessed. We will also present results of the air quality forecasting system being developed within PANDA and in collaboration with the EU project MarcoPolo.

Published
2016

271. Two decades of satellite observations of AOD over mainland China

Author

de Leeuw, Gerrit, primary, Sogacheva, Larisa, additional, Rodriguez, Edith, additional, Kourtidis, Konstantinos, additional, Georgoulias, Aristeidis K., additional, Alexandri, Georgia, additional, Amiridis, Vassilis, additional, Proestakis, Emmanouil, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Xue, Yong, additional, and van der A, Ronald, additional

Published
2017
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274. 9-year spatial and temporal evolution of desert dust aerosols over South-East Asia as revealed by CALIOP

Author

Proestakis, Emmanouil, primary, Amiridis, Vassilis, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Georgoulias, Aristeidis K., additional, Solomos, Stavros, additional, Kazadzis, Stelios, additional, Chimot, Julien, additional, Che, Huizheng, additional, Alexandri, Georgia, additional, Binietoglou, Ioannis, additional, Kourtidis, Konstantinos A., additional, de Leeuw, Gerrit, additional, and van der A, Ronald J., additional

Published
2017
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277. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Overview of twelve years in space

Author

Levelt, Pieternel, primary, Joiner, Joanna, additional, Tamminen, Johanna, additional, Veefkind, Pepijn, additional, Bhartia, Pawan K., additional, Stein Zweers, Deborah, additional, Duncan, Bryan N., additional, Streets, David G., additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, McLinden, Chris, additional, Fioletov, Vitali, additional, Carn, Simon, additional, de Laat, Jos, additional, DeLand, Matthew, additional, Marchenko, Sergey, additional, McPeters, Richard, additional, Ziemke, Jerald, additional, Fu, Dejian, additional, Liu, Xiong, additional, Pickering, Kenneth, additional, Apituley, Arnoud, additional, Gonzáles Abad, Gonzalo, additional, Arola, Antti, additional, Boersma, Folkert, additional, Chan Miller, Christoph, additional, Chance, Kelly, additional, de Graaf, Martin, additional, Hakkarainen, Janne, additional, Hassinen, Seppo, additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Kleipool, Quintus, additional, Krotkov, Nickolay, additional, Li, Can, additional, Lamsal, Lok, additional, Newman, Paul, additional, Nowlan, Caroline, additional, Suileiman, Raid, additional, Tilstra, Lieuwe Gijsbert, additional, Torres, Omar, additional, Wang, Huiqun, additional, and Wargan, Krzysztof, additional

Published
2017
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281. Intercomparison of NOx emission inventories over East Asia

Author

Ding, Jieying, primary, Miyazaki, Kazuyuki, additional, van der A, Ronald Johannes, additional, Mijling, Bas, additional, Kurokawa, Jun-ichi, additional, Cho, SeogYeon, additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Zhang, Qiang, additional, Liu, Fei, additional, and Levelt, Pieternel Felicitas, additional

Published
2017
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284. Multi-instrument observations of the solar eclipse on 20 March 2015 and its effects on the ionosphere over Belgium and Europe

Author

Stankov, Stanimir M., primary, Bergeot, Nicolas, additional, Berghmans, David, additional, Bolsée, David, additional, Bruyninx, Carine, additional, Chevalier, Jean-Marie, additional, Clette, Frédéric, additional, De Backer, Hugo, additional, De Keyser, Johan, additional, D’Huys, Elke, additional, Dominique, Marie, additional, Lemaire, Joseph F., additional, Magdalenić, Jasmina, additional, Marqué, Christophe, additional, Pereira, Nuno, additional, Pierrard, Viviane, additional, Sapundjiev, Danislav, additional, Seaton, Daniel B., additional, Stegen, Koen, additional, Van der Linden, Ronald, additional, Verhulst, Tobias G.W., additional, and West, Matthew J., additional

Published
2017
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285. State of the Climate in 2014

Author

Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P., Ackerman, Steven A., Adams, Nicolaus G., Adler, Robert F., Albanil, Adelina, Alfaro, E. J., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Andreassen, L. M., Arendt, A., Arévalo, Juan, Arndt, Derek S., Arzhanova, N. M., Aschan, M. M., Azorin-Molina, César, Banzon, Viva, Bardin, M. U., Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Bazo, Juan, Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, G., Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bettolli, María L., Bhatt, U. S., Bidegain, Mario, Bill, Brian D., Billheimer, Sam, Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Blunden, Jessica, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Boudet, Dagne, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, Gualberto, Carter, Brendan R., Chambers, Don P., Chandler, Elise, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Daniel, Chung, E. S., Cinque, Kathy, Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A., Cogley, J. G., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica N., Crotwell, Molly J., Crouch, Jake, Davis, Sean M., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A.M., De Laat, Jos, Degasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Destin, Dale, Di Girolamo, Larry, Di Giuseppe, F., Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolgov, A. V., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Dortch, Quay, Doucette, Greg, Drozdov, D. S., Ducklow, Hugh, Dunn, Robert J.H., Durán-Quesada, Ana M., Dutton, Geoff S., Ebrahim, A., Elkharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Espinoza, Jhan C., Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Evans, Thomas E., Famiglietti, James S., Farrell, S., Fateh, S., Fausto, Robert S., Fedaeff, Nava, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogarty, Chris T., Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Fonseca, C., Fossheim, M., Foster, Michael J., Fountain, Andrew, Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Garzoli, Silvia, Gerland, S., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Gomez, R. Sorbonne, Goni, Gustavo, Goto, A., Grooß, J. U., Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles Chip, Gugliemin, Mauro, Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, J. M., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hakkarainen, J., Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heikkilä, A., Heil, A., Heim, Richard R., Hendricks, S., Hernández, Marieta, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Ho, Shu Peng Ben, Holmes, R. M., Hu, Zeng Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Huelsing, Hannah K., Huffman, George J., Hughes, C., Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, I., Ijampy, J. A., Ingvaldsen, R. B., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jiménez, C., Jin, Xiangze, Johannesen, E., John, Viju, Johnsen, B., Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Jones, Philip D., Joseph, Annie C., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kendon, Mike, Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. J., Kimberlain, Todd B., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kobayashi, Shinya, Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kovacs, K. M., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kudela, Raphael, Kumar, Arun, Lakatos, M., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lantz, Kathleen, Lazzara, Matthew A., Lemons, P., Leuliette, Eric, L’Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I. I., Liu, Hongxing, Liu, Yinghui, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Lo Monaco, Claire, Long, Craig S., López Álvarez, Luis Alfonso, Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing Jia, Luojus, K., Lydersen, C., Lyman, John M., Maberly, Stephen C., Maddux, Brent C., Malheiros Ramos, Andrea, Malkova, G. V., Manney, G., Marcellin, Vernie, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, José A., Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martínez-Güingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., Mata, Mauricio M., Mathis, Jeremy T., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, McBride, Charlotte, McCabe, M. F., McCarthy, M., McClelland, J. W., McGree, Simon, McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Meier, W., Meinen, Christopher S., Mekonnen, A., Menéndez, Melisa, Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Metzl, N., Minnis, Patrick, Miralles, Diego G., Mistelbauer, T., Mitchum, Gary T., Monselesan, Didier, Monteiro, Pedro, Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Nash, Eric R., Naveira-Garabato, Alberto C., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, Paul A., Nieto, Juan José, Noetzli, Jeannette, O’Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Parinussa, Robert M., Park, E. Hyung, Parker, David, Parrington, M., Parsons, A. Rost, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo, Paterson, Andrew M., Paulik, Christoph, Pearce, Petra R., Pelto, Mauri S., Peng, Liang, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, David, Pinty, Bernard, Pitts, Michael C., Pons, M. R., Porter, Avalon O., Primicerio, R., Proshutinsky, A., Quegan, Sean, Quintana, Juan, Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Randriamarolaza, L., Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Rémy, Samuel, Renwick, James A., Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richter-Menge, J., Riffler, Michael, Rimmer, Alon, Rintoul, Steve, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez Solís, José L., Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rusak, James A., Sabine, Christopher L., Sallée, Jean Bapiste, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schemm, Jae, Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schmidtko, Sunke, Schreck, Carl J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Setzer, Alberto, Sharp, M., Shaw, Adrian, Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, A. I., Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Siegel, David A., Signorini, Sergio R., Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Smeets, C. J.P.P., Smith, Sharon L., Spence, Jaqueline M., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, José L., Stengel, Martin, Stennett-Brown, Roxann, Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, D. A., Sun-Mack, Sunny, Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Talley, Lynne D., Tamar, Gerard, Tank, S. E., Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Teubner, Katrin, Thoman, R. L., Thompson, Philip, Thomson, L., Timmermans, M. L., Tirnanes, Joaquin A., Tobin, Skie, Trachte, Katja, Trainer, Vera L., Tretiakov, M., Trewin, Blair C., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S.W., van der A., Ronald J., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vigneswaran, Bala, Vincent, Lucie A., Volkov, Denis, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Wåhlin, Anna, Wahr, J., Walsh, J., Wang, Chunzai, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Sheng Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Weller, Robert A., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, Michael J.M., Willie, Shem, Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yamada, Ryuji, Yim, So Young, Yin, Xungang, Young, Steven H., Yu, Lisan, Zahid, H., Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Lin, Ziemke, Jerry R., Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Gilbert, Kristin, Maycock, Tom, Osborne, Susan, Sprain, Mara, Veasey, Sara W., Ambrose, Barbara J., Griffin, Jessicca, Misch, Deborah J., Riddle, Deborah B., Young, Teresa, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Earth and Climate

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Perspective (graphical), 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, El Niño Southern Oscillation, 13. Climate action, Climatology, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Environmental science, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Most of the dozens of essential climate variables monitored each year in this report continued to follow their long-term trends in 2014, with several setting new records. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-the major greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-once again all reached record high average atmospheric concentrations for the year. Carbon dioxide increased by 1.9 ppm to reach a globally averaged value of 397.2 ppm for 2014. Altogether, 5 major and 15 minor greenhouse gases contributed 2.94 W m-2 of direct radiative forcing, which is 36% greater than their contributions just a quarter century ago. Accompanying the record-high greenhouse gas concentrations was nominally the highest annual global surface temperature in at least 135 years of modern record keeping, according to four independent observational analyses. The warmth was distributed widely around the globe's land areas, Europe observed its warmest year on record by a large margin, with close to two dozen countries breaking their previous national temperature records; many countries in Asia had annual temperatures among their 10 warmest on record; Africa reported above-average temperatures across most of the continent throughout 2014; Australia saw its third warmest year on record, following record heat there in 2013; Mexico had its warmest year on record; and Argentina and Uruguay each had their second warmest year on record. Eastern North America was the only major region to observe a below-average annual temperature. But it was the oceans that drove the record global surface temperature in 2014. Although 2014 was largely ENSO-neutral, the globally averaged sea surface temperature (SST) was the highest on record. The warmth was particularly notable in the North Pacific Ocean where SST anomalies signaled a transition from a negative to positive phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation. In the winter of 2013/14, unusually warm water in the northeast Pacific was associated with elevated ocean heat content anomalies and elevated sea level in the region. Globally, upper ocean heat content was record high for the year, reflecting the continued increase of thermal energy in the oceans, which absorb over 90% of Earth's excess heat from greenhouse gas forcing. Owing to both ocean warming and land ice melt contributions, global mean sea level in 2014 was also record high and 67 mm greater than the 1993 annual mean, when satellite altimetry measurements began. Sea surface salinity trends over the past decade indicate that salty regions grew saltier while fresh regions became fresher, suggestive of an increased hydrological cycle over the ocean expected with global warming. As in previous years, these patterns are reflected in 2014 subsurface salinity anomalies as well. With a now decade-long trans-basin instrument array along 26°N, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation shows a decrease in transport of-4.2 ± 2.5 Sv decade-1. Precipitation was quite variable across the globe. On balance, precipitation over the world's oceans was above average, while below average across land surfaces. Drought continued in southeastern Brazil and the western United States. Heavy rain during April-June led to devastating floods in Canada's Eastern Prairies. Above-normal summer monsoon rainfall was observed over the southern coast of West Africa, while drier conditions prevailed over the eastern Sahel. Generally, summer monsoon rainfall over eastern Africa was above normal, except in parts of western South Sudan and Ethiopia. The south Asian summer monsoon in India was below normal, with June record dry. Across the major tropical cyclone basins, 91 named storms were observed during 2014, above the 1981-2010 global average of 82. The Eastern/Central Pacific and South Indian Ocean basins experienced significantly above-normal activity in 2014; all other basins were either at or below normal. The 22 named storms in the Eastern/Central Pacific was the basin's most since 1992. Similar to 2013, the North Atlantic season was quieter than most years of the last two decades with respect to the number of storms, despite the absence of El Niño conditions during both years. In higher latitudes and at higher elevations, increased warming continued to be visible in the decline of glacier mass balance, increasing permafrost temperatures, and a deeper thawing layer in seasonally frozen soil. In the Arctic, the 2014 temperature over land areas was the fourth highest in the 115-year period of record and snow melt occurred 20-30 days earlier than the 1998-2010 average. The Greenland Ice Sheet experienced extensive melting in summer 2014. The extent of melting was above the 1981-2010 average for 90% of the melt season, contributing to the second lowest average summer albedo over Greenland since observations began in 2000 and a record-low albedo across the ice sheet for August. On the North Slope of Alaska, new record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at four of five permafrost observatories. In September, Arctic minimum sea ice extent was the sixth lowest since satellite records began in 1979. The eight lowest sea ice extents during this period have occurred in the last eight years. Conversely, in the Antarctic, sea ice extent countered its declining trend and set several new records in 2014, including record high monthly mean sea ice extent each month from April to November. On 20 September, a record large daily Antarctic sea ice extent of 20.14 × 106 km2 occurred. The 2014 Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole was 20.9 million km2 when averaged from 7 September to 13 October, the sixth smallest on record and continuing a decrease, albeit statistically insignificant, in area since 1998.

Published
2015
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289. Disruption of Phospholipid Transfer Protein–Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein Maturation Reduces Scavenger Receptor BI Deficiency–Driven Atherosclerosis Susceptibility Despite Unexpected Metabolic Complications

Author

Hoekstra, Menno, van der Sluis, Ronald J., Hildebrand, Reeni B., Lammers, Bart, Zhao, Ying, Praticò, Domenico, van Berkel, Theo J.C., Rensen, Patrick C.N., Kooijman, Sander, Jauhiainen, Matti, and van Eck, Miranda

Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Published
2020
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290. The Complete Data Fusion for a Full Exploitation of Copernicus Atmospheric Sentinel Level 2 Products.

Author

Zoppetti, Nicola, Ceccherini, Simone, Carli, Bruno, Bianco, Samuele Del, Gai, Marco, Tirelli, Cecilia, Barbara, Flavio, Dragani, Rossana, Arola, Antti, Kujanpää, Jukka, van Peet, Jacob C. A., van der A, Ronald, and Cortesi, Ugo

Subjects
MULTISENSOR data fusion, PRODUCT quality, MANUFACTURED products, PRODUCT improvement
Abstract

The new platforms for Earth observation from space are characterized by measurements made with great spatial and temporal resolution. While this abundance of information makes it possible to detect and study localized phenomena, on the other hand it may be difficult to manage this large amount of data in the study of global and large scale phenomena. A particularly significant example is the use by assimilation systems of level 2 products that represent gas profiles in the atmosphere. The models on which assimilation systems are based are discretized on spatial grids with horizontal dimensions of the order of tens of kilometres in which tens or hundreds of measurements may fall. A simple procedure to overcome this problem is to extract a subset of the original measurements. However, this procedure involves a loss of information and is therefore justifiable only as a temporary solution. A more refined solution is to resort to the so-called fusion algorithms, capable of compressing the size of the dataset limiting the information loss. A novel data fusion method, the Complete Data Fusion, was recently developed to merge a-posteriori a set of retrieved products in a single one. In the present paper, the Complete Data Fusion method is applied to ozone profile measurements simulated in the thermal infrared and ultraviolet bands, in a realistic scenario, according to the specifications of the Sentinel 4 and 5 missions of the Copernicus programme. Then the fused products are compared with the input profiles; comparisons show that the output products of data fusion have in general smaller errors and higher information contents. The most significant improvement is an increased vertical resolution together with a reduction of the errors. The comparisons of the fused with the fusing products are presented both at single fusion grid-box scale and with a statistical analysis. The grid box size impact was also evaluated, showing that the Complete Data Fusion method can be used with a wide range of grid-box size, the quality of the products improving with larger grid boxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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291. Estimates of Lightning NOx Production based on High Resolution OMI NO2 Retrievals over the Continental US.

Author

Xin Zhang, Yan Yin, van der A., Ronald, Lapierre, Jeff L., Qian Chen, Xiang Kuang, Shuqi Yan, Jinghua Chen, Chuan He, and Rulin Shi

Subjects
HYDROXYL group, METEOROLOGICAL research, DATA scrubbing, SUMMER, NITROGEN oxides, LIGHTNING
Abstract

Lightning serves as the dominant source of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in the upper troposphere (UT), with strong impact on ozone chemistry and the hydroxyl radical production. However, the production efficiency (PE) of lightning nitrogen oxides (LNOx) is still quite uncertain (32-1100 mol NO per flash). Satellites measurements are a powerful tool to estimate LNOx directly as compared to conventional platforms. To apply satellite data in both clean and polluted regions, a new algorithm for calculating LNOx has been developed based on the program of new Berkeley High Resolution (BEHR) v3.0B NO2 product and the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. LNOx PE over the continental US is estimated using the NO2 product of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite and the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) data. Focusing on the summer season during 2014, we find that the lightning NO2 (LNO2) PE is 44 ± 16 mol NO2 flash-1 and 8 ± 3 mol NO2 stroke-1 while LNOx PE is 120 ± 52 mol NOx flash-1 and 22 ± 9 mol NOx stroke-1. Results reveal that former methods are more sensitive to background NO2 and neglect much of the below-cloud LNO2. As the LNOx parameterization varies in studies, the sensitivity of our calculations to the setting of the amount of lightning NO (LNO) is evaluated. Careful consideration of the ratio of LNO2 to NO2 is also needed, given its large influence on the estimation of LNO2 PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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292. Elimination of adrenocortical apolipoprotein E production does not impact glucocorticoid output in wild-type mice.

Author

van der Sluis, Ronald J., Depuydt, Marie A.C., Verwilligen, Robin A.F., Hoekstra, Menno, and Van Eck, Miranda

Subjects
*APOLIPOPROTEIN E, *GLUCOCORTICOIDS, *LOW density lipoprotein receptors, *MICE, *CHOLESTEROL metabolism, *CHOLESTEROL
Abstract

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) deficient mice exhibit unexplained hypercorticosteronemia. Given that APOE is also produced locally within the adrenals, we evaluated the effect of adrenal-specific APOE deficiency on the glucocorticoid function. Hereto, one adrenal containing or lacking APOE was transplanted into adrenalectomized wild-type mice. Adrenal APOE deficiency did not impact adrenal total cholesterol levels. Importantly, the ability of the two adrenal types to produce glucocorticoids was also not different as judged from the similar plasma corticosterone levels. Adrenal mRNA expression levels of HMG-CoA reductase and the LDL receptor were decreased by respectively 72% (p < 0.01) and 65% (p = 0.07), suggesting that cholesterol acquisition pathways were inhibited to possibly compensate the lack of APOE. In support, a parallel increase in the expression level of the cholesterol accumulation-associated ER stress marker CHOP was detected (+117%; p < 0.05). In conclusion, our studies show that elimination of adrenocortical APOE production does not impact glucocorticoid output in wild-type mice. • Adrenal APOE alters cellular cholesterol homeostasis. • Adrenal APOE does not interfere in steroidogenesis. • Adrenal APOE deficiency does not impact plasma cholesterol levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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293. Validation of ash optical depth and layer height retrieved from passive satellite sensors using EARLINET and airborne lidar data: the case of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption

Author

Balis, Dimitris, Carboni, Elisa, G Grainger, Roy, Wang, Ping, Tilstra, Gijsbert, Van Der A, Ronald, Theys, Nicolas, Zehner, Claus, Koukouli, Maria Elissavet, Siomos, Nikolaos, Dimopoulos, Spyros, Mona, Lucia, Pappalardo, Gelsomina, Marenco, Franco, Clarisse, Lieven, J Ventress, Lucy, Balis, Dimitris, Carboni, Elisa, G Grainger, Roy, Wang, Ping, Tilstra, Gijsbert, Van Der A, Ronald, Theys, Nicolas, Zehner, Claus, Koukouli, Maria Elissavet, Siomos, Nikolaos, Dimopoulos, Spyros, Mona, Lucia, Pappalardo, Gelsomina, Marenco, Franco, Clarisse, Lieven, and J Ventress, Lucy

Abstract

The vulnerability of the European airspace to volcanic eruptions was brought to the attention of the public and the scientific community by the 2010 eruptions of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull. As a consequence of this event, ash concentration thresholds replaced the ĝ zero tolerance to ashĝ€ rule, drastically changing the requirements on satellite ash retrievals. In response to that, the ESA funded several projects aiming at creating an optimal end-to-end system for volcanic ash plume monitoring and prediction. Two of them, namely the SACS-2 and SMASH projects, developed and improved dedicated satellite-derived ash plume and sulfur dioxide level assessments. The validation of volcanic ash levels and height extracted from the GOME-2 and IASI instruments on board the MetOp-A satellite is presented in this work. EARLINET lidar measurements are compared to different satellite retrievals for two eruptive episodes in April and May 2010. Comparisons were also made between satellite retrievals and aircraft lidar data obtained with the UK's BAe-146-301 Atmospheric Research Aircraft (managed by the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements, FAAM) over the United Kingdom and the surrounding regions. The validation results are promising for most satellite products and are within the estimated uncertainties of each of the comparative data sets, but more collocation scenes would be desirable to perform a comprehensive statistical analysis. The satellite estimates and the validation data sets are better correlated for high ash optical depth values, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.8. The IASI retrievals show a better agreement concerning the ash optical depth and ash layer height when compared with the ground-based and airborne lidar data., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2016

294. Epithelial Development and Differentiation in the Mammary Gland Is Not Dependent on [Alpha]3 or [Alpha]6 Integrin Subunits

Author

Klinowska, Teresa C. M., Alexander, Caroline M., Georges-Labouesse, Elisabeth, Van der Neut, Ronald, Kreidberg, Jordan A., Jones, Carolyn J. P., Sonnenberg, Arnoud, and Streuli, Charles H.

Subjects
Epithelial cells -- Research, Cell differentiation -- Research, Mammary glands -- Psychological aspects, Integrins -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

In the mammary gland, both laminin and integrins have been shown to be required for normal ductal morphogenesis during development on vivo, and for functional differentiation in culture models. Major integrin receptors for laminins in the mammary gland are [Alpha]3[Beta]1, and [Alpha]6[Beta]4. However, the specific subunits that contribute to laminin-mediated mammary cell function and development have not been identified. In this study, we use a genetic approach to test the hypothesis that laminin-binding integrins are required for the function of the mammary gland in vivo. Rudiments of embryonic mammary gland were shown to develop in the absence of these integrin subunits. Postnatal development of the mammary gland was studied in integrin null tissue that had been transplanted into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic hosts. In mammary epithelium lacking [Alpha]6 integrin, the [Beta]4 subunit was not apparent and hemidesmosome formation was only rudimentary. However, despite this deficiency, normal ductal morphogenesis and branching of the mammary gland occurred and myoepithelial cells were distributed normally with respect to luminal cells. Mammary alveoli devoid of [Alpha]3 or [Alpha]6 integrin formed in pregnancy and were histologically and functionally identical to those in wild-type mammary gland. The tissue underwent full morphological differentiation, and the epithelial cells retained the ability to synthesize [Beta]-casein. This work demonstrates that mammary tissue genetically lacking major laminin-binding integrin receptors is still able to develop and function. [C] 2001 Academic Press Key Words: integrin; mouse mammary gland; morphogenesis; extracellular matrix; laminin.

Published
2001

295. OpenFlow-based Link Dimensioning

Author

de Oliveira Schmidt, R., Hendriks, Luuk, Pras, Aiko, and van der Pol, Ronald

Subjects
SDN, Link Dimensioning, OpenFlow, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, NetFlow, EWI-25451, Bandwidth Estimation, IR-93930, METIS-309742
Abstract

In this demo we will demonstrate the possibility of using OpenFlow traffic measurements for link dimensioning purposes. Our solution runs on top of the Ryu OpenFlow controller and retrieves per-flow statistics metered at the OpenFlow switch. The statistics are obtained by using messages defined by the OpenFlow protocol. These statistics are then applied to a flow-based link dimensioning approach, originally proposed to operate with NetFlow input. By demonstrating our solution in a testbed, we are able to compare the OpenFlow-based approach with a NetFlow-based one and with the actual traffic demands calculated directly from the packet traces. With that, we show how quality of OpenFlow measurements affects the link dimensioning and how feasible their use in such applications is.

Published
2014

296. Stratospheric Ozone

Author

Weber, Mark, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, van der A, Ronald, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Fioletov, Vitali E., Frith, Stacey, Long, Craig, Loyola, Diego, and Wild, Jeanette

Subjects
stratospheric ozone
Published
2014

297. Chrysostom's reception of Luke 19:8b (the declaration of Zacchaeus)

Author

van der Bergh, Ronald H.

Abstract

This article investigates the reception of Luke 19:8b in the works of Chrysostom. The ambiguous nature of Luke 19:8b in its Lukan context provides a glimpse into Chrysostom's thoughts on this passage. In asking the question of how Chrysostom viewed Zacchaeus's salvation to be effected (cf. the direct speech of Jesus in Luke 19:9−10), the article demonstrates that Chrysostom's consistent concern, wherever reference to Luke 19:8b is made, is with adequate compensation to people who have been wronged. The article also points out how Chrysostom did not shy away from making slight changes to the biblical narrative to convey this message.

Published
2014

299. European building and construction

Author

Taylor, Andrew, Robinson, Anthony, Waller, David, Cooper, Peter, Burns, Tom, van der Krol, Ronald, and Brown-Humes, Christopher

Subjects
Building -- Europe, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, Business, international
Abstract

The construction industry in Europe is in decline due to the recession, reluctance of governments to fund building projects due to endebtedness, over-investment during the 80's. The only area where activity in the industry has increased is eastern Germany, but overall german construction is forecast to fall by 50% in 1993 to 4%. In France it is forecast to fall by between 2 and 3% and in Italy, the number of public contracts has fallen due to the corruption scandals. In 2000, the Russian economy should improve and the industry will grow.

Published
1993

300. Aerospace

Author

Betts, Paul, White, David, Boggis, David, Green, Daniel, Donne, Michael, Rudd, Roland, Simon, Bernard, Dickson, Martin, Cooke, Kieran, Curry, Lynne, Fishlock, David, and van der Krol, Ronald

Subjects
Aerospace industry -- Evaluation, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, Business, international
Abstract

In Jun 1993, companies in the aerospace industry will exhibit their aircraft in Paris at the Air Show. Several US companies claim they will not be exhibiting because it allows French companies to spy on them. The allegation is ridiculed by the French. There is still tension between the US and EC over allegations that the EC government is supporting the industry. The decline of the industry may be over but recovery will be very slow. Many companies are forming alliances to offset the effects of the decline.

Published
1993

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