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Pulsed laser ablation of solids in supercritical media has a large potential for nanomaterials fabrication. We investigated plasmas generated by pulsed laser ablation of Ni targets in CO2 at pressures ranging from 0.1 to 16 MPa at 304.5 K. Plasma species were characterized by optical emission spectroscopy, and the evolution of cavitation bubbles and shockwaves were observed by time-resolved shadowgraph imaging. Ni and O atomic emissions decreased with increasing gas pressure; however, near the critical point the intensities reached local maxima, probably due to the enhancement of the plasma excitation and effective quenching resulting from the large density fluctuation.

Pulsed laser ablation (wavelength 532 nm; fluence 18 J/cm2; pulse width 7 ns; repetition rate 10 Hz) of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite was conducted in adamantane-dissolved supercritical CO2 with and without cyclohexane as a cosolvent. Micro-Raman spectroscopy of the products revealed the presence of hydrocarbons possessing sp3-hybridized carbons similar to diamond structures. The synthesis of diamantane and other possible diamondoids consisting of up to 12 cages was confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurements of samples before and after pyrolysis treatment indicate the synthesis of the most compact decamantane, namely, superadamantane. It is thought that oxidant species originating from CO2 during pulsed laser ablation might lead to the selective dissociation of C-H bonds, enabling the synthesis of low H/C ratio molecules. Therefore, laser ablation in supercritical CO2 is proposed as a practical method for synthesizing diamondoids.

Patient 1 was a 2078 g boy delivered in a regional hospital at 33 weeks gestation. His postnatal course was uncomplicated. His total bilirubin level was 13.1 mg/dl on the third day of life. Thereafter, measurement of total bilirubin was discontinued. Phototherapy was not performed. He was admitted to hospital at 48 days of age because of icterus. His total bilirubin level was 19.7 mg/dl. The hyperbilirubinaemia was rapidly improved with phototherapy. Patient 2 was a 994 g boy delivered by caesarean section at 26 weeks gestation. Although artificial ventilation was necessary because of respiratory distress syndrome followed …

Twenty-five patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR), and 12 control subjects were studied using Doppler echocardiography to investigate the effects of AR on transmitral flow. Peak early filling velocities at the levels of the mitral valve tips (E1) and annulus (E2) were measured, and the transmitral flow restriction index (delta E = (E1-E2)/E2) was obtained. Patients with AR were classified into 2 groups according to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the regurgitant jet to that of the left ventricular outflow tract. Group I had the ratio less than 0.20, and group II had greater than or equal to 0.20. E2 in group II was lower than in control subjects, whereas E1 was not significantly different in any groups. delta E in group II was higher than in group I or in control subjects (p less than 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). delta E showed a significant correlation with the cross-sectional area ratio in all patients with AR (r = 0.70, p less than 0.01) and in group II (r = 0.82; p less than 0.01). Our data suggest that AR restricts early transmitral filling, and that delta E may indicate the increased driving pressure caused by flow restriction and is a useful hemodynamic index of AR.

As the first stage of the research into factors determining the optimum listening level of music performance, its methodology was examined. In experiment 1, a part of Symphony No. 6 in b‐minor Op. 74, ‘‘Pathetique,’’ composed by Tchaikovsky, was used and the instantaneous impressions of loudness were judged using the method of continuous judgment by categories developed by Namba and Kuwano. A high correlation coefficient was found between LAeq, 100 ms, and instantaneous impression of loudness sampled every 100 ms, which confirms the applicability of the method to the loudness of music performance. In experiment 2, musically significant portions whose durations were 5 to 20 s, were selected from the stimulus used in experiment 1 and rearranged in descending series and ascending series according to their sound levels with about 5‐s silent intervals. The instantaneous impression of their loudness was judged as in experiment 1. It was found that each block in the ascending series was judged louder than the co...

Quantitative analyses of cross-sectional areas of the thalami, caudate nuclei, and lentiform nuclei were performed in 29 preterm infants (16 males, 13 females; mean age 29.6 weeks, age range 27 to 24 weeks,) with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). MRI was carried out in the infants between 9 and 18 months of corrected age and in 16 control infants. Bilateral thalami, caudate nuclei, lentiform nuclei, cerebral hemispheres, and cerebellum were measured by computer. Ratios of the areas of the thalami (Th), caudate nuclei (Ca), lentiform nuclei (Le), and cerebral hemispheres (CH) to that of the cerebellum (Ce) were calculated in each infant. The ratio of Th:Ce was significantly smaller in infants with moderate and severe PVL than in the control group bilaterally. Abnormal intensity areas were not observed in the thalami in any infants with PVL. CH:Ce was also smaller in infants with severe PVL than in the control group. No significant difference was observed between the groups in ratios Le:Ce or Ca:Ce. Results of our study suggest that the volume of the thalami is reduced and that thalamic involvement is present in infants with white matter lesions who have moderate to severe PVL.

Tomato (cv. Fukuzyu No. 2), eggplant (cv. Hayabusa) and sweet pepper (cv. Shinsakigakemidori) were grown in sand culture under glasshouse conditions, in order to clarify the effects of various concentration ratios of nitrate nitrogen (N03-N) to ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) in the cultural solution on the exudation rate and chemical constituents of xylem exudate.1. The application of concentration ratio of N03-N: NH4-N (7: 3) greatly promoted growth in each vegetable, but the higher concentration ratio of NH4-N remarkably suppressed growth of plants. The plants applied with the concentration ratio of NO3-N to NH4-N (7: 3) showed the highest exudation rate and conversely the plants grown under the application of higher concentration ratio of NH4-N had lower exudation rate.2. The NO3-N content in the xylem exudate decreased with increasing the concentration ratio of NH4-N in the cultural solution, while the NH4-N content predominantly increased. Aspartic and glutamic acids remarkably increased with increasing NH4-N concentration ratio of the cultural solution, whereas the other amino acids slightly increased or little changed. Eggplant showed the higher amino acid content in the xylem exudate than tomato and sweet pepper. In spite of the low concentration of NH4-N in the xylem exudate of tomato, the amount of NH4-N in the xylem exudate per plant per hour was greater than those of the other crops, because its exudation rate was much higher.3. The N form in the cultural solution slightly influenced the contents of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the xylem exudate. The application of higher concentration ratio of NH4-N increased P content and conversely reduced K, Ca and Mg contents remarkably, especially in tomato. The large decreases of the total amount of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the xylem exudate per plant per hour were observed under the application of higher concentration ratio of NH4-N.4. From these results, it may be suggested that the reduction of dry weight due to the application of high concentration ratio of NH4-N in the cultural solution is resulted from the reduction of water and cation uptake and the increase of NH4-N concentration in plant.

Eggplants, cv. Hayabusa, Kokuyou and Beikokudaimaru, grown either on their own roots or on the rootstocks, cv. VF, Akanasu and Torubamu, were used to study the effects of rootstock on the yield of eggplant in relation to the number of thick roots, mineral flux and hormone levels in xylem sap.1. All of three varieties grafted on VF showed the highest yield and the most vigorous growth, and more thick roots were found on those plants. Own-root plants produced lower yields with fewer thick roots than grants. There was a close positive correlation between the number of thick roots and yield.2. Xylem exudation rate and mineral flux in xylem sap were the highest in the plants grafted on VF. The mineral flux, especially nitrogen, was closely correlated with yield.3. Cytokinin, gibberellin-like substances and indole-acetic acid levels were the greatest in the xylem sap of plants grafted on VF rootstock, which produced the highest yield. The difference in yield between rootstocks was significantly attributed to difference in cytokinin production, depending on the number of thick roots.4. From these results, it may be concluded that the growth and yield of eggplant was affected by mineral absorption and hormones especially cytokinin production of rootstocks via many thick roots.

ナス・ピーマンを供試し, 床土の施肥量を変えて育苗し, 苗の生育および定植後の生育, 収量に及ぼす床土施肥量の影響を調査した.多肥条件 (3要素各a当り4kg, 8kg, 4kg) で育てた苗は生育がきわめて良好で, 乾物重が多かった.しかし, 各器官への乾物分配率から見ると, 根への分配が少なく, 茎への分配が多かったので, 茎重/根重値 (S/R) が大きくなった.反対に少肥育苗区の苗は根への分配が多く, 茎への分配が少なく, S/R値が小さくなった.定植後, 少肥育苗区の苗は活着回復が早く, 多くの太根を形成し, 深く広い根系分布を示し, 収量も多肥区より高くなった.この傾向はナス, ピーマンともに見られた.S/R値が小さく, 葉面積も大きい苗は収量が高く, S/R値が大きい苗は収量が低い傾向が見られた.また, ナス, ピーマンとともに太根根数 (直径1mm以上) と収量との間に高い相関関係が認められた.

ナスの生育・収量に及ぼす育苗中の日長時間の影響を調べるために, 長日処理は補光によって, 短日処理は遮光によって40日間それぞれ処理し, 定植後結実肥大させて生育, 収量を調査した.(1) 日長時間が16時間までは, 長いほど苗の生育がよく, 乾物重が多くなったが, 自然長日 (13～14時間) 下の苗は根への乾物分配が多く, 茎への乾物分配が少なかったので, S/R値がもっとも小さい苗となった.(2) 自然長日条件より短い日長区でも, 反対に補光による長日区でも収量は少なかった.6時間日長区では生育が著しく阻害され, 収量も著しく少なくなった.(3) 定植時S/R値が小さい苗が定植後の生育よく, 収量も高くなった.また, S/R値の小さい苗は定植後太根型を示し, 根系分布も深く広かった.太根根数の多い株ほど収量が高い傾向がみられた.

ナスの育苗に対する育苗期の重要な環境条件の一つとしての温度と施肥量の影響をみるために, 昼温, 夜温を3段階に分け, さらに施肥量をかえて, 少肥区 (3要素とも2kg/a) と多肥区 (少肥区の倍量) とを設けて, 組み合わせ, 18処理区を設けて試験を行った.昼温30℃は同25℃と20℃より, また, 多肥区は少肥区より苗の生育が旺盛で, 乾物重が多かった.昼温が同じ場合では, 夜温が20℃ないし15℃のほうが苗の生育がよかった.苗の乾物分配率からみると, 昼温25℃, 夜温が20℃ないし15℃, そして少肥条件で育てられた苗は根への乾物分配率が多く, 茎への分配率が少なく, S/R値がもっとも小さい苗となった.このような苗は定植後の生育もよく, 収量がもっとも高かった.定植時の苗の, S/R値と収量との間に高い相関関係が認められた.すなわち, 定植時, S/R値が小さい苗は定植後発根力が強く, 多くの太根が形成され, 収量が高かった.また, 太根根数と収量との間にも高い相関関係が認められた.定植後太根が多く形成された株は収量が高く, 収量が低い株では太根が少ない傾向がみられた.以上から, 苗の素質は定植後の生育および収量にまで影響を及ぼし, 苗の素質の指標として, S/R値が使用できるように思われた.

異なる培養液濃度の培地でトマト, ナス生おびピーマンを水耕栽培し, 生育, 溢泌速度ならびに溢泌液中の無機成分濃度に及ぼす影響を調べた.トマト, ナス, ピーマンともに標準培養液下でいずれも生育がよく, 培養液濃度がうすくても高くてもいずれも生育が抑制されたが, トマト, ナス, ピーマンの順に抑制程度が著しくなった.同じような傾向は溢泌速度にも認められた.溢泌速度の高いトマトは溢泌液中の無機成分がナス, ピーマンより著しくうすく, 培養液濃度の増加による溢泌速度低下とともに無機成分濃度は増加した.この傾向はナス, ピーマンでも認められた.しかし石灰は他成分と異なり, 培養液濃度の高まりとともに溢泌液中の濃度が低下し, とくにトマトではその低下が著しかった.ナスでは硝酸態窒素, 石灰, マンガン, ピーマンではリン, カリ, マグネシウム, 鉄, 銅および亜鉛濃度がそれぞれ高くなる傾向がみられた.

本圃において基肥量をかえ, 少肥区 (三要素各2kg/a) , 中肥区 (各4kg/a) ならびに多肥区 (各6kg/a) の3処理区を設けてトマト, ナス, ピーマンをそれぞれ栽培した.1) 各作物とも施肥量が多いほど生体重が著しく増加した.トマト, ナスとも中肥区で収量が最も多いのに対し, ピーマンは多肥区で収量が多い傾向がみられた.トマトはナス, ピーマンに比べて果実負担率が著しく高いため根の生育が著しく抑制され, 弱りやすいようであった.2) 各作物ともに収量は株元の直径1mm以上の太根根数に非常に影響されている.すなわち太根根数の多い株は収量が多く, 逆に太根根数の少ない株は収量が少なかった.ナスは太根根数が他作物より多い傾向がみられた.根系分布の広さおよび深さは株の太根根数に対応していた.3) 根の窒素含有率は各作物とも基肥量の増加によって高められた.炭水化物含有率は太根根数に応じて, トマト, ナスでは中肥区で, ピーマンは多肥区で多くなっていた.とくにナスはトマト, ピーマンに比べて澱分含有率が高い傾向がみられた.

ナス科果菜の生育, 収量ならびに養分吸収に及ぼす微量要素添加の影響の差異を明らかにするために水耕と土耕でトマト, ナスおよびピーマンをそれぞれ栽培した.トマトでは鉄の増加によってやや生育が抑制されたが, マンガンと銅の増加によってやや生育が促進された.ナスでは鉄の増加によって, ピーマンでは銅の増加によって著しく生育が促進された.培地への微量要素の増加によってそれぞれの要素が各部位とも含有率が増加したが, とくに根に多く蓄積した.微量要素のなかで鉄の蓄積が著しかった.また鉄, マンガンの吸収では拮抗作用がみられた.トマトは鉄を, ナスはマンガンを, ピーマンは銅を選択的に吸収しやすい傾向がみられた.トマトでは鉄の添加によって収量が減少し, マンガンの添加によって収量が増加したが, ナスでは逆な傾向がみられた.鉄およびマンガンの添加処理はピーマンの収量に著しい影響を与えなかった.銅の添加でナスの収量が減少したが, 逆にトマトとピーマンの収量が増加した.鉄, マンガン, 銅の混合添加処理は各作物の収量を高めた.

The influence of change of various concentration ratios of NO3-N to NH4-N on the plant growth, fruit development and chemical composition of xylem exudate in tomato (cv. Fukuzyu No. 2), eggplant (cv. Hayabusa) and sweet pepper (cv. Shinsakigakemidori) grown in sand culture under glasshouse conditions were investigated.1. Plant growth and fruit development were promoted by the concentration ratio of 7 NO3-N: 3 NH4-N applied in sand culture, but they were inhibited by the high ammonium ratios (0: 10 and 3: 7), especially in tomato. These inhibitions by the high ammonium ratios were reversible by changing the concentration ratios of NO3-N: NH4-N from 0: 10 or 3: 7 to 10: 0 or 7: 3 (0: 10 → 10: 0 or 3: 7 → 7: 3) at early stage (50th day after planting) and conversely growth and fruit development were suppressed by increasing the ammonium nitrogen ratio.2. The increase in ammonium nitrogen ratio resulted in lower exudation rate, followed by the decrease in the concentrations of NO3-N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn and the increase in the amino acids, NH4-N and P in the xylem exudate, especially in tomato plants.3. It may be concluded that growth and fruit development in eggplant and sweet pepper were promoted by application of concentration ratio of 7 NO3-N: 3 NH3-N at every stage, and only in tomato NO3-N nutrition can induce the promotion of fruit development with low incidence of blossom-end rot.

1. At the beginning of head formation the effect of removal of small head including the terminal bud followed by application of 0.1% hormone paste to the stem stump on the nasty movement of wrapper leaves was investigated with cabbage grown in vinyl house.When the terminal bud was removed, inner wrapper leaves assumed an elevated position, but outer ones did not.The application of both NAA and BA to the stem of decapitated plants induced a downward movement of inner wrapper leaves, while the application of both GA and ABA induced an upward movement more remarkable than that in the lanolin paste control.2. The effect of hormone application as a foliar spray before head formation on the nasty movement of wrapper leaves in relation to the head formation posture was investigated. Both NAA and BA induced a downward movement, while both GA and TIBA induced an upward movement. Especially the head formation posture was promoted by GA application showing the embrace posture due to both hyponasty of leaf petiole and cupping of leaf blade.Nasty movement was not affected by BCB as in the control.3. NAA spray induced the inhibition of leaf growth, followed by a decrease in leaf area, and also showed the increase of leaf shape index due to the inhibition of width growth more than length growth. On the contrary, TIBA, one of antiauxins, increased leaf area of inner leaves due to the promotion of length and width growth.GA spray inhibited the width growth more than length growth in inner wrapper leaves, while promoted both the length and width growth in inner leaves, which resulted in an increase in leaf area.BCB, an antigibberellin, showed no significant effect on the growth of length and width.The growth of length and width, and especially of the latter was promoted by BA spray. Consequently both an increase in leaf area and a decrease in leaf shape index were found.4. The effects of root pruning, decapitation and hormone treatment on the nasty movement were ascertained with seedlings having a pair of leaves roughly opposite to each other and grown in light and dark conditions.(1) The heavier the root pruning, the more a pair of leaves curved upward. And the hyponasty movement was accelerated by the addition of decapitation both in the light and in the dark.(2) NAA, BA, and Ethrel spray after decapitation promoted the downward movement in contrast to the upward movement by GA spray. TIBA and BCB showed little or no effect on nasty movement.(3) When applied to the stem stump as 0.5% lanolin paste, NAA, BA, and Ethrel induced a downward movement, but on the contrary GA and ABA induced an upward movement.5. The foregoing results suggested that the leaf petiolar epinasty was controlled by the hormone balance in apical region of the stem and the leaf shape might be controlled by the ratio of GA to BA.

The effects of concentration ratios of NO3-N to NH4-N on plant growth, fruit development and nutrients absorption in tomato (cv. Fukuzyu No. 2), eggplant (cv. Hayabusa) and sweet pepper (cv. Shinsakigakemidori) grown in sand culture at different night temperatures (18°C and 13°C) were investigated using the controlled growth chamber at 25°C in daytime.1. The concentration ratio of 7 NO3-N: 3 NH4-N promoted plant growth with high yield at 18°C, but both the high concentration ratio of NH4-N and low night temperature inhibited remarkably plant growth, resulted in low yield. Among these crops, the growth and yield were affected by high concentration ratio of NH4-N in tomato and by low night temperature in sweet pepper, respectively.2. The remarked incidence of fruits with blossom-end rot due to lower Ca content was observed in tomato, especially grown under high concentration ratio of NH4-N at 18°C, but slightly or not in eggplant and sweet pepper.3. Low night temperature induced more accumulation of NH4-N, but decreased contents of NO3-N, P and K, in the following descending order : sweet pepper, eggplant and tomato.

培養液濃度がナス科果菜の養水分吸収に及ぼす影響の差異を明らかにするためにガラス室で水耕でトマト, ナス, ピーマンを栽培した.トマトの乾物重は著しく多く, 次いでナス, ピーマンの順に少なくなっているが, 各作物とも培養液濃度の高まりとともに生育が抑制された.葉面積当り時間当りの吸水量はピーマンが多く, トマト, ナスは変らなかった.培養液濃度の高まりで吸水が低下したが, 作物間では著しい差異が見られなかった.しかしトマトは葉面積が多いために総吸水量では他より著しく多かった.培養液濃度の増加で各作物とも窒素, リン, カリ, 鉄, マンガンおよび銅の体内含有率は増加したが, カルシウムとマグネシウムは逆に減少した.ピーマンでは窒素とカリ含有率が各部位ともトマト, ナスより高かったが, カルシウムは逆に低かった.各部位についてトマトでは鉄が, ナスではマンガンが, ピーマンでは銅が高い傾向が見られた.株当りの養分吸収量は生育に応じてトマトが多く, 次いでナス, ピーマンの順であった.

The effects of daylength and light intensity on the chemical constituents in stems and hormones levels in shoot apices of eggplant seedlings were studied to establish the physiological characteristics of good seedlings which may produce higher yield.1. The growth was inhibited by shorter daylengths or lower light intensities by shade treatments. Smaller stem dry weight to root dry weight (S/R) value was obtained on the seedlings grown under the natural daylength or natural light intensity.2. Seedlings grown under shorter daylengths or lower light intensities contained less carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds in stems than those grown under the natural conditions. There was a close correlation between S/R value and total sugars or insoluble nitrogen in stems.3. It was shown that cytokinin, abscisic acid and indoleacetic acid contents in shoot apices were increased by longer daylength or higher light intensity, however gibberellin-like substances level was lower under those conditions.4. There was a negative correlation between S/R value and cytokinin, abscisic acid or indoleacetic acid level, and a positive correlation between S/R value and gibberellin-like substances level in shoot apices. Seedlings with more total sugar and insoluble nitrogen in stems contained more cytokinin, abscisic acid and indoleacetic acid, and less gibberellin-like substances in shoot apices.5. From above-mentioned results, it may be suggested that seedlings with smaller S/R value morphogenetically contains more sugar and insoluble nitrogen in stem, and more cytokinin, abscisic acid and indoleacetic acid, and less gibberellin-like substances level in shoot apices.

ナスとピーマンの苗の生育とその後の収量に及ぼす鉢土のつめ方の影響をみるため, 粗区 (軽くつめた区) と密区 (振動させてつめた区) を設け, さらに3種類の床土を用いて試験を行った.バーク堆肥のみの床土区を除いて, ナス, ピーマンともに粗区は密区より苗の生育が旺盛で, 乾物重が多かった.しかし, バーク堆肥のみの床土区では, ピーマンは密区より粗区のほうが生育がよかったが, ナスは粗区より密区のほうが生育がよかった.また, 乾物分配率からみると, バーク堆肥のみの床土区を除いてナス, ピーマンともに, 粗区は根への分配が多く, 茎への分配が少なかった.密区は根への分配が少なく, 茎への分配が多かった.つまり, 土のみと土: バーク堆肥等量の床土区において, 密区より粗区の苗のS/R値が小さかった.ナスの場合では, バーク堆肥のみの床土区を除いて, 粗区は密区に比べて生育がよく, 収量が多かった.バーク堆肥のみの床土区においては粗区よりも密区のほうが生育がよく, 収量が多かった.ピーマンはいずれの床土区においても, 密区より粗区のほうが収量が高く, 地上部と地下部の生育が良好であった.葉面積が一定の大きさ以上で, しかも, S/R値が小さい苗は定植後生育がよく, 収量が高かった.葉面積が小さすぎると, S/R値がいくら小さくても収量が上がらなかった.ナス, ピーマンとも同じ傾向がみられた.粗区の苗は定植後多くの太根を形成し, 大きく, 広い根系分布を示した.太根の多い株は収量が多く, 収量が少ない株は太根が少なかった.両者の間に高い相関関係が認められた.

This paper reports the physical factor in onion juice.1. It was clearly shown that ether-insoluble fraction in onion juice remarkably depressed the seed germination.2. It was also shown that the same concentration of NaCl or KNO3 solutions as that of onion juice inhibited both germination of seeds and growth of onion seedlings, and that the addition of ether extracts obtained from onion juice to Nacl solution enhanced the inhibition of seed germination more than NaCl solution only.3. Refractometer index of onion juice increased with bulb thickening and reached a maximum value a month later followed by a gradual decline.The inhibition of seed germination by onion juice was significantly correlated with the refractometer index of it.4. Ohshu, a late variety, showed higher value in refractometer index of juice and more strong inhibition of seed germination than Senshu-Ki, a middle one.5. The effect of concentration of reducing sugar and sucrose as substrate on the respiration metabolism of terminal part of stem disk or crude enzyme with Warburg manometer suggested that the same concentration of substrate as that of onion juice depressed considerably the respiration.6. On the basis of foregoing results it was concluded that sugar accumulation accompanied with bulbing induces the depression of respiration metabolism, resulted in rest in bulb, and that the gradual decline in sugar concentration by respiration in bulb during storage allows the terminal bud to renew the growth.

Fruiting behavior of sweet peppers (var. Miekairyo and Sakigake-midori) was investigated under greenhouse conditions using sand culture technique.At the same time the effect of heavy nitrogen application and low light intensity on the fruiting behavior was evaluated.1. With an increase in the number of flowers a rapid increase in the bearing number of fruits was found, but subsequent flowering was arrested showing the lowest number of flowers at about the time of the highest number of bearing fruits.2. Both in autumn and spring crops a rapid increase in the bearing number of fruits to a peak value occured about one month after the commencing of the fruit setting. This was followed by a decline, reaching the lowest value one month after a peak value. Then the second increase was induced again.3. As the number of bearing fruits increased, the percentage of fruit setting rapidly decreased and reached the lowest value at the time of the peak value of bearing fruits. And then fruit setting increased again with a decrease in the bearing fruits.4. Thus it was clearly found that cyclic fruiting occurred on alternate months.5. From the data it appears that fruit setting is affected by internal factors than by daily weather conditions.The percentage of fruit setting on main stem was fairly constant showing about 80 percent, while that of lateral branches showed 30 percent on the average, but the fruit setting varied in the range of 10 percent at the time of the peak value of bearing fruits to almost 100 percent at the time of the lowest value.6. Flowering was considerably inhibited by rainy or cloudy days. However, in spite of successive bad weather conditions flower buds eventually opened.7. It was clearly shown that fruit development was affected by night temperature than by day temperature. The higher the night temperature in the range of 22 to 16°C, the more rapid the fruit develops.8. Heavy nitrogen application or low light intensity did not induce a change in cyclic fruit rhythm, but induced low peaks and deep valley compared with plants grown under high light intensity and medium nitrogen application. Apparently low light intensity gave greater changes in the percentage of fruit setting than heavy nitrogen applications.

This study was carried out for three years from the viewpoint of structure of maleic hydrazide (MH) to clarify the mechanism of both retardation of sprouting and occurrence of functional disorders in onion bulbs treated with MH.As known that MH has some specific structure of quinone ring, keton groups, conjugatd double bond and hydrazine or hydrazide base and further is an antagonistic substance of uracil, the following chemicals were examined in relation to those phenomena mentioned above, Malefic acid, p-Quinone, Hydrazine dihydrochloride, Phenylhydrazine, Semicarbazide, Isonicotinic acid hydrazide, Thiouracil and MH.1. The results of storage test with bulbs applied with each chemicals respectively before harvest showed that the most effective substance comparable to the inhibiting effect of MH on the sprouting of bulbs is Isonicotinic acid hydrazide, more or less effective ones Hydrazine and Semicarbazide, and less effective ones Maleic acid, p-Quinone, Phenylhydrazine and on the other side more severe substances than MH on the occurrence of decay and functional disorders are Thiouracil, Hydrazine, and Semicarbazide.Consequently it appears that the structure of MH effective for the inhibition of sprouting consist in the form of >C=C-C(=O)-NH-NH- and also that for the occurrence of functional disorders and decay is due to both an analogue of nucleic acid and hydrazine or hydrazide base.2. From the results that both Isonicotinic acid hydra zide and MH antagonized Pyridoxine respectively against the growth of avena coleoptile section it was considered that the inhibiting effect of MH on the sprouting of onion bulbs depends upon the cessation of growth of leaf primordia due to the lowering protein synthesis accompanied by the inhibition of transaminase activity by MH.3. With increase in concentration of each chemical solution the respiration of stem disk slice in onion bulbs was inhibited. Among them Thiouracil gave the most severe effect followed by MH, Isonicotinic acid hydrazide and Hydrazine in the descending order.Consequently it is considered that the occurrence of functional disorders in onion bulbs by MH depends upon respiratory stress due to an analogue of nucleic acid.

Acetylcholine (20 to 100 micrograms) was infused directly into coronary arteries in 10 patients with variant angina (group A), 13 subjects without coronary artery disease (group B) and 8 patients with significant organic coronary artery stenosis (greater than or equal to 50%) but without variant angina (group C) during coronary arteriography, to clarify the action of this agent on coronary arteries. Temporary pacing was performed at a demand heart rate of 40 beats/min while bradyarrhythmia developed. Coronary arteriography after administration of acetylcholine showed coronary vasoconstriction in all 10 patients (100%) of group A. Angina accompanied by electrocardiographic ischemic changes in 9 of 10 (90%, 7 ST-segment elevation and 2 depression) was provoked during this test. In the patients of group B, acetylcholine also induced vasoconstriction in 8 of 22 (36%) coronary arterial systems examined, chest pain in 3 (14%) and ST-segment deviation in none (0%). In the patients of group C, acetylcholine induced vasoconstriction in 3 of 9 (33%), chest pain in 2 (22%) and ST-segment depression in 1 (11%). No definite coronary artery dilation induced by acetylcholine was noted. Coronary vasoconstriction (p less than 0.05), electrocardiographic ischemic findings (p less than 0.01) and chest pain (p less than 0.01) were induced significantly more frequently in group A than in both groups B and group C. No significant difference was found between group B and group C. The coronary arteries in the patients with variant angina seem to be more susceptible to acetylcholine than those of patients without variant angina irrespective of the presence of significant atherosclerosis.