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263. Effectiveness of fouling mechanism for bacterial immobilization in polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for biohydrogen fermentation

Author

Peer Mohamed Abdul, Chin Boon Ong, Nurul Sakinah Engliman, Jian Ping Tan, Tang Pei Ling, and Jamaliah Md Jahim

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, Fouling, General Chemical Engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Polyvinylidene fluoride, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Adsorption, Membrane, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 010608 biotechnology, Biohydrogen, Fermentation, Bacteria, Food Science, Biotechnology, Hydrogen production
Abstract

Bacterial immobilization was successfully develop using the fouling mechanism on the modified polyvinylidene fluoride membrane surface. The immobilization of bacteria via this method was accomplished through adsorption and entrapment of the bacteria in/on the membrane surface through fouling mechanism. Previously, the membrane was modified by polymerization method to impregnate the iron nanoparticles on the membrane surface in order to increase the surface roughness. The presence of both organic substances and bacterial cells leads to ‘combine fouling’ as the organic substances covalently bind the bacterial cells to the membrane by cross-linking, thus promote the efficiency of bacterial immobilization. The immobilized membrane was used for biohydrogen production via anaerobic fermentation using glucose-based media and it was found that it was capable of augmenting the yield of hydrogen production by 22% relative to the suspended system. This is attributed to the presence of iron on the membrane surfaces which come from the polymerization process that supplies the iron necessary for activating the hydrogenase enzyme in the bacteria, and hence, increase the production of biohydrogen. The metabolites analysis has indicated that the hydrogen production followed the acetic acid pathway.

Published
2020
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264. Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms with White Matter Lesions and Brain Atrophy

Author

Niu, ZhiLi, Zhang, PingAn, Li, Dong, Zhu, ChengLiang, Feng, LiNa, Xiong, Ge, Song, NaNa, Tang, Pei, and Liu, Feng

Subjects
Apolipoprotein E, Brain atrophy, Hyperhomocysteinemia, medicine.medical_specialty, Apolipoprotein B, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Internal medicine, Genotype, medicine, In patient, Allele, Biological Psychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, business.industry, WML, medicine.disease, Hyperintensity, Psychiatry and Mental health, biology.protein, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Original Article, Polymorphisms, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is mainly synthesized in the liver. So far, it is unknown the relationship among APOE gene polymorphisms and WML, brain atrophy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the associations of APOE gene polymorphisms in patients with WML and brain atrophy.Methods A total of 58 patients with WML, 128 patients with brain atrophy, 112 patients with co-occurrence of WML and brain atrophy and 95 healthy elderly volunteers were recruited from Renmin Hospital of WuHan University.Results Allele E3 was the most common allele. The alleles E2 had significantly higher levels of ApoB and lower age in WML group. The alleles E2 was associated with the lower level of ApoB, LDL-Ch, TCh, and sdLDL in co-occurrence group. The E3/E3 genotype has higher level of sdLDL, but lower age and female frequency in WML. The E3/E4 genotype had higher level of TG, but lower age in WML. Gender, Age, E2, Hyperhomocysteinemia and UA were also significantly associated with disease progression.Conclusion This study found that clinical data, lipids and metabolic complications were closely related to ApoE genotypes and alleles, and also disease progression and type.

Published
2020
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270. Factors contributing to single- and dual-task timed 'up & go' test performance in middle-aged and older adults who are active and dwell in the community

Author

Chen, Hui-Ya and Tang, Pei-Fang

Subjects
Walking -- Analysis -- Research -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Background. Dual-task Timed 'Up & Go' (TUG) tests are likely to have applications different from those of a single-task TUG test and may have different contributing factors. Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare factors contributing to performance on single- and dual-task TUG tests. Design. This investigation was a cross-sectional study. Methods. Sixty-four adults who were more than 50 years of age and dwelled in the community were recruited. Interviews and physical examinations were performed to identify potential contributors to TUG test performance. The time to complete the single-task TUG test ([TU.sub.single]) or the dual-task TUG test, which consisted of completing the TUG test while performing a serial subtraction task ([TUG.sub.cognitive]) or while carrying water ([TUG.sub.manual]), was measured. Results. Age, hip extensor strength, walking speed, general mental function, and Stroop scores for word and color were significantly associated with performance on all TUG tests. Hierarchical multiple regression models, without the input of walking speed, revealed different independent factors contributing to [TUG.sub.single] performance (Mini-Mental Status Examination score, [beta] = -0.32), [TUG.sub.manual] performance (age, [beta] = 0.35), and [TUG.sub.cognitive] performance (Stroop word score, [beta] = -0.40; Mini-Mental Status Examination score, [beta] = -0.31). Limitations. At least 40% of the variance in the performance on the 3 TUG tests was not explained by common clinical measures, even when the factor of walking speed was considered. However, this study successfully identified some important factors contributing to performance on different TUG tests, and other studies have reported similar findings for single-task TUG test and dual-task gait performance. Conclusions. Although the [TUG.sub.single] and the [TUG.sub.cognitive] shared general mental function as a common factor, the [TUG.sub.manual] was uniquely influenced by age and the [TUG.sub.cognitive] was uniquely influenced by focused attention. These results suggest that both common and unique factors contribute to performance on single- and dual-task TUG tests and suggest important applications of the combined use of the 3 TUG tests., The Timed 'Up & Go' (TUG) test involves rising from a seated position, walking 3 m, turning around, walking back, and sitting back down.1 This test is a simple and [...]

Published
2016
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282. Mechanistic insights into the pseudocapacitive performance of bronze-type vanadium dioxide with mono/multi-valent cations intercalation

Author

Zeng, Ying, primary, Hu, Jian, additional, Yang, Jiaofeng, additional, Tang, Pei, additional, Fu, Qingfeng, additional, Zhou, Wang, additional, Peng, Yufan, additional, Xiao, Peitao, additional, Chen, Shi, additional, Guo, Kunkun, additional, Gao, Peng, additional, Dong, Hongliang, additional, and Liu, Jilei, additional

Published
2022
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294. Enzymatic hydrolysis improves digestibility of edible bird's nest (EBN): combined effect of pretreatment and enzyme.

Author

Ng, Chin Huan, Tang, Pei Ling, and Ong, Yien Yien

Subjects
BIRD nests, PEPSIN, HYDROLYSIS, ENZYMES, CHEMICAL properties, PAPAIN, DENATURATION of proteins
Abstract

Numerous studies proved the better health benefits of edible bird's nest hydrolysate (EBNH) than edible bird's nest (EBN). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different pretreatments and enzymes on the chemical properties of EBNH. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), total soluble protein, UV–Vis absorption spectrum and FTIR spectrum of EBN and EBNH were determined. Besides, the digestibility of EBN and EBNH were also determined through simulated in vitro digestion. Initially, the 4% w/v EBN was treated with different pretreatments [boiling, combined boiling with ultrasound (40 kHz,250 W) and autoclave at 120 °C]. Then, the pretreated EBN was subjected to 2 h hydrolysis using pepsin, trypsin, papain and pancreatin, respectively. Besides, two-stages enzymatic hydrolysis using pepsin-papain, papain-trypsin and papain-pancreatin enzymes were also investigated. Results obtained propose that the combination of autoclave pretreatment and pancreatin hydrolysis produced EBNH with the highest DH (11.19 ± 0.18%). Heat treatment was crucial to unfold the glycoprotein, hence facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis. Two-stages enzymatic hydrolysis was proven less efficient than the process with heat pretreatment. Besides, papain was proven as the best enzyme to increase solubility of EBN glycoprotein. EBNH produced from boiled EBN using papain contained the highest total soluble protein content (459.63 ± 66.01 mg g−1). Results of UV–Vis absorption spectrum and FTIR spectrum reveal that efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoprotein was strongly influenced by the extent of protein unfolding and aggregation. Among the EBNHs, EBNH produced from autoclaved EBN using pancreatin enzyme had the best digestibility. This study provides insight into the importance of pretreatment method and enzyme type in ensuring nutritional quality of EBNH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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295. Early Wnt Signaling Activation Promotes Inner Ear Differentiation via Cell Caudalization in Mouse Stem Cell-Derived Organoids.

Author

Tang, Pei-Ciao, Chen, Li, Singh, Sunita, Groves, Andrew K, Koehler, Karl R, Liu, Xue Zhong, and Nelson, Rick F

Subjects
INNER ear, CELL differentiation, WNT signal transduction, ORGANOIDS, RNA sequencing, CELLULAR signal transduction
Abstract

The inner ear is derived from the otic placode, one of the numerous cranial sensory placodes that emerges from the pre-placodal ectoderm (PPE) along its anterior-posterior axis. However, the molecular dynamics underlying how the PPE is regionalized are poorly resolved. We used stem cell-derived organoids to investigate the effects of Wnt signaling on early PPE differentiation and found that modulating Wnt signaling significantly increased inner ear organoid induction efficiency and reproducibility. Alongside single-cell RNA sequencing, our data reveal that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway leads to PPE regionalization and, more specifically, medium Wnt levels during the early stage induce (1) expansion of the caudal neural plate border (NPB), which serves as a precursor for the posterior PPE, and (2) a caudal microenvironment that is required for otic specification. Our data further demonstrate Wnt-mediated induction of rostral and caudal cells in organoids and more broadly suggest that Wnt signaling is critical for anterior-posterior patterning in the PPE. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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297. Contributors

Author

An, Quan, Bayram, Muhammed, Chen, Zhiliang, Cheng, Fangqin, Colangelo, Francesco, Cui, Hongguang, Cui, Jinglei, De Gisi, Sabino, Du, Bin, Duan, Weiwei, Fan, Yuan, Fang, Le, Farina, Ilenia, Funari, Valerio, Gao, Jian-ming, Gao, Peng, Gao, Hongyu, Geng, Guoqing, Ghani, Junaid, Guo, Binglin, Guo, Qianqian, Hong, Li, Hu, Yanjun, Huang, Gang, Jiang, Xinyu, Kuranlı, Ömer Faruk, Labianca, Claudia, Li, Huanyu, Li, Lufan, Li, Jining, Li, Huiyan, Li, Jianbo, Lian, Songsong, Ling, Tung-Chai, Liu, Kang, Liu, Yue, Liu, Lei, Lu, Miao, Ma, Zhibin, Ma, Zengyi, Mantovani, Luciana, Mechtcherine, Viktor, Mei, Hengjun, Meng, Yuan, Niş, Anıl, Niu, Xinyi, Notarnicola, Michele, Ozbakkaloglu, Togay, Peng, Yaqi, Peng, Zezhi, Qin, Huyong, Qiu, Qili, Ren, Pengfei, Ruan, Shaoqin, Sasaki, Keiko, Shi, Yaqian, Singh, Narinder, Song, Zhenhao, Song, Huiping, Sun, Jian, Sun, Jingqi, Sun, Xinlei, Sun, Hanyang, Sun, Chen, Takaoka, Masaki, Tang, Pei, Tian, Quanzhi, Todaro, Francesco, Tong, Lizhi, Tsang, Daniel C.W., Uysal, Mucteba, Wang, Xujiang, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yanan, Wang, Qingyuan, Wu, Jinpeng, Wu, Kai, Xia, Yan, Xiong, Yingying, Xiong, Xinni, Xu, Caicai, Yan, Jianhua, Yang, Jian, Yang, Ken, Yang, Yonggan, Yang, Bin, Yi, Yaolin, Yu, Fan, Yu, Qijun, Zeng, Qiang, Zhan, Binggen, Zhang, Dongke, Zhang, Yike, Zhang, Yuying, Zhang, Ning, Zhao, Bojun, Zhao, Ruolin, Zhao, Lingqin, Zhou, Yunan, and Zhuge, Yan

Published
2024
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