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Introduction: Hospital Kepala Batas (HKB), a district hospital in Penang state, started as a hybrid COVID-19 hospital since Mid-October 2020 and became full COVID-19 hospital since February 2021 when our country was hit by the 3rd wave of COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, data for clinical outcomes of children with COVID-19 infection are limited. The objective of this research was to study the clinical presentations and effect of COVID -19 infection on paediatric patients at 2 to 4 months follow-up. Methodology: 1. This is an observational study involving retrospective data collection. 2. Samples were identified through monthly census of paediatric COVID-19 admissions to HKB from November 2020 to March 2021 (5 months duration), where all patients were below 12 years old with COVID-19 infection were included. Patients who were not contactable during follow-up were excluded from this study. 3. COVID-19 infection was defined by positive COVID-19 RT-PCR from a combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab. 4. The case notes were traced from the hospital record office. Information listed in the data collection sheet was collected, which includes patient demographic data, transmission risk factors, co-morbidities and Clinical Staging Category of COVID-19 infection. 5. Patients were followed up via phone calls at 2 to 4 months of discharge by two paediatric medical officers based on standardized clerking sheets using hospital phones. 6. The well being of the patients were reported based on parents’ perception of the symptoms, duration of illness and whether treatment was needed by visiting a hospital or health care clinic. For school and child care center attendance, it was reported as going or not to school and child care center after discharge from ward. Results: Ninety-seven paediatric patients aged from 3 months to 144 months old were included. 7 cases were excluded. Ninety-eight percent of them were infected via closed contact with family members. There were 47% category 1, 43% category 2 and 10% category 3. None of them were category 4 or 5. All symptoms resolved upon discharge. During phone call follow-up, 14 (16%) patients had recurrent symptoms, where 1 patient had 2 episodes of illness and 13 patients had 1 episode of illness. The symptoms were cough (12), fever (9), coryza (8), vomiting (2), diarrhoea (1), sorethroat (1) and chest discomfort (1), with the average of 4.7 days for each illness. Thirteen patients visited healthcare centre. None of them required admission. From our sample, 72 patients attended school or child care centre, where attendance was not affected in 71 (98.6%) patients. Conclusion: Our findings were similar to the data published in Italy1,2 and Australia3. Whereby, there was no chronic symptom reported by parents post COVID-19 infection in children during 2 to 4 months follow-up. Majority of children continue schooling and attendance to child care centre., This poster was submitted to the 14th National Conference for Clinical Research (NCCR) on August 18-20 2021. https://nccrconference.com.my/

The advancement of communication technologies has facilitated the evolution of traditional electric power system into a vast entity called smart grid. Various domains such as substation automation, distributed energy resources, advanced metering infrastructures, energy storage systems and many more serve as parts and parcels of smart grid. Fundamentally, these domains communicate and exchange information within the domain as well as other domains to execute their intended functions. One example is the grid edge domain in smart grid, where devices at customer premise interact with utility grid as well as electricity market for applications such as demand response and energy trading. Generally, devices in grid edge domain exists independently to perform its specific functions. The information model and communication standards in these devices vary depending on the implementation by its manufacturers. This pose challenges for integration works which may require these devices to exchange information with each other. Therefore, this paper aims to design and proposeamulti-function virtual intelligent electronic device (IED) which capable of performing various applications at grid edge domain. The virtual IED utilizes standardized data model and semantics based on IEC 61850 standard. Information exchange based on IEC 61850 is then simulated between the virtual IED and a Client Simulator. The results indicate successful communication and information exchange based on IEC 61850 standard hence demonstrates the potential applications of the standard for grid edge domain.

Introduction: In-situ gel is a simple liquid transparent polymer solution under storage conditions, but turns into a viscoelastic gel after entering the eye due to the phase transition properties of the polymer that increase the residence time in ocular organ and bioavailability, enabling the delivery of reproducible doses and improving patient compliance. The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial effectivity of chloramphenicol in-situ ophthalmic gel with base poloxamer 407 and HPMC base against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material and Methods: The optimization of ophthalmic gel preparation by the factorial design method has been carried out in order to know the best formula of all the formulas employed with 0.5% chloramphenicol active substance, wherein each formula was obtained from high concentration and low concentration of each base. Results: The measurement of the antibacterial effectivity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by oneway ANOVA analysis showed that formula with base poloxamer 407 5% (F1) gave the best result. F1 has a dilute consistency, clear and stable during 28 days storage time when effectiveness test performed. Conclusions: Chloramphenicol in-situ gel with base poloxamer 407 and HPMC were effective against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with intermediate to sensitive category, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with sensitive category in accordance to the requirements of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between reported self-efficacy and dental status in older adults, identify factors which might influence self-efficacy and, their willingness to pay (WTP) for preventive care.Participants aged 60-90 years of age living in Singapore were recruited. All participants completed an oral health questionnaire and a clinical examination. Details of participants' socio-economic status and educational attainment were collected, and participants also answered a range of questions related to self-efficacy, oral health attitudes, beliefs and dental attendance patterns. Participants were asked to indicate their willingness to pay for preventive care using contingent valuation. The clinical examination recorded decayed, missing and filled teeth [DMFT], root caries, periodontal attachment loss, bleeding on probing index, occlusal status and, denture wearing status. Associations between self-efficacy, self-report and clinical variables were assessed using Kendall's Tau B coefficient.614 participants [mean age 68.07 (5.99) years] were recruited. There was a high level of dental awareness and nearly 70% of the participants reported visiting a dentist once or twice a year. Self-efficacy was associated with levels of bleeding on probing and self-reported satisfaction with oral health. Nearly 60% of participants were not willing to pay for preventive advice from an oral healthcare professional.Older adults with a high level of self-efficacy had good gingival health, with low reported levels of bleeding on probing. Participants with low reported self-efficacy had higher disease levels and were less satisfied with their oral health.Self-efficacy in relation to oral hygiene practices is variable, and participants with low self-efficacy had higher gingival bleeding scores. However, willingness to pay for preventive advice is low, and further work is required to increase the value proposition of preventive care to older adults.