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自然環境中の重金属による汚染は人体にとっては特に重大である.人体の重金属汚染指標としては毛髪中の重金属値が用いられている.本研究では岡山県民の毛髪中水銀量を知るために湯原, 湯郷, 奥津, 備前原地域において採取した毛髪について還元気化原子吸光分析法により分析した.その結果, 湯原地域4.57±1.81μg/g, 湯郷地域4.21±1.26μg/g, 奥津地域5.98±2.05μg/g, 備前原地域3.36±1.35μg/g, 全体では4.33±1.58μg/gとなり正常値の範囲内であった.また試料提供者のうち3.5～4.0μg/gを示す者が最も多かった.湯原, 湯郷, 奥津地域の試料提供者は温泉利用者がほとんどであったが, 温泉中に含有される総水銀量と毛髪中総水銀量との関係は認められなかった., Heavy metal contamination under environment in nature is very serious for human body. Heavy metal value in human hairs has been having a reliable source for an index of the above-mentioned contamination. Those hairs collected as investigating object in the area of Yubara, Yunogo, Okutsu and Bizen Hara were analyzed by method of the Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. And as the result, its value indicated 4.57±1.81 in Yubara, 4.21±1.26 in Yunogo, 5.98±2.05 in Okutsu, and 3.36±1.35 μg/g in Bizen Hara. And all total value indicated 4.33±1.58 μg/g in those area as a whole. But those indications showed within the limitation of normal value. Also most of those values indicated 3.5～4.0 μg/g. Those suppliers in the area of Yubara, Yunogo, and Okutsu were customers for using Hot Spring. But the relation between Mercury content in Hot Spring and Mercury content in the human hairs at all total amount was not recognized.

A 19-year-old man visited our hospital for the chief complaint of epigastric pain caused by contusion of the upper abdomen when he had fallen down on a surfboard. The patient presented with abrasion, marked tenderness, muscular defense and peritoneal irritative symptom in the upper abdomen. Emergency laparotomy was performed because of the possibility of traumatic hepatorrhexis suggested by abdominal ultrasonography. Since a ruptured giant hepatocellular carcinoma and daughter nodules were found in the left lobe and right lobe, respectively, on laparotomy, left lobectomy and wedge resection of the right lobe were performed. Traumatic rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma in a young man, presumably the first case documented in Japan, is reported together with a review of the literature.

The effect of fast neutrons and gamma rays on a murine osteosarcoma was studied. The NROS tumor, a radiation-induced osteosarcoma in a C3H mouse, was transplanted into the right hind legs of syngeneic female mice and locally irradiated with single or four daily doses of either fast neutrons or gamma rays. The NROS contained 13-30% hypoxic cells. It took approximately 7 days for the NROS tumor to show apparent reoxygenation following gamma ray irradiations. Two assays were used to determine the neutrons' relative biological effectiveness (RBE) to gamma rays: tumor growth delay time and tumor control dose. The largest RBE of 4.5 was obtained at the smallest dose of neutrons examined, followed by a gradual decrease down to 2.3. The tumor growth delay assay indicated that the RBE values of 2.6-3.1 after single doses of fast neutrons increased to 3.1-4.5 after four daily fractions. The 50% tumor control doses were 78.5 Gy and 33.0 Gy after single doses of gamma rays and fast neutrons, resulting in an RBE of 2.3. Fractionated doses increased the RBE to 2.6. Mitotic cells disappeared shortly after irradiation but reappeared 7 days after irradiation.

日本は今日世界でも順位の高い水銀汚染国である.その中で日本人の頭髪中に含まれる総水銀量は正常な人で6.02±2.88ppmといわれ欧米人に比べて4～6.5倍である.これは日本人の白米に端を発していると考えられる.白米は, 1945年で総水銀0.02ppm, 1965年で0.14ppm, 1975年で0.17ppmと年々激増の傾向にある.自然環境中の重金属汚染問題は, 人類にとって特に重大である.還元気化原子吸光分析により, 上記の重金属汚染の指標として爪の水銀の濃度を求めた., Japan is one of high level mercury contaminated countries in the world. The total mercury content in the hairs of the Japanese people is said to be 6.20±2.88 ppm. This value is 4-66 times larger than that in the European countries. This may be due to ingestion of polished rice. The value of total mecury content in polished rice showed a tendency to increase every year. It was 0.02 ppm in 1945,0.14 in 1965 and 0.17 in 1975. The problem of heavy metal contamination under environment in nature is very serious for human body. By means of the Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry the concentration of mercury in the human nail was measured as a reliable source for an index.

The levels of atomospheric pollution in Okayama city were discussed by using the levels of heavy metals in mosses (Bryum argenteum Hedw.). The moss samples were collected from ten sites in Okayama. The metals in mosses were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of trace mercury were also analyzed by frameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a combustion-gold trapping heat vaporization technique. In results, metal values for mosses collected from the areas of relatively higher level of air pollution and or the areas of varying traffic densities were higher than the value from the other, and it was suggested that amounts of heavy metals such as mercury in mosses were able to be used as an indicater of the air pollution.

The most currently used electrode for ASV is mercury electrode (hanging mercury drop electrode, mercury covered electrode, Pt : Hg rotating electrode, etc.). Using of these mercury electrodes, the quantitative sensitibity is very high and the determination of trace metal ions is possible. But the environmental pollutions by trace heavy-metal were indicated, and the analytical methode (using other solid electrodes in the place of mercury) of a few heavy-metals to be the source of these environmental pollutions was desirable. Supporting electrolytes for the simultaneous determination of copper, cadmium, lead, zinc were suited to HCI, KCI, NaBr, NaF, (NH_4 )_2SO_4,NH_4CI. When zinc-lead or zinc-copper contained in sample solution, intermetallic compound of zinc-lead or zinc-copper were formed and the results can be satisfactorily explained to the lower measurement value than the real value by its interference effect of intermetallic compound.

In this report, is described the result of the questionnaire concerning troubles supposed to be caused by fuels and properties of the fuels, which was implemented by the Japanese Shipowners' Association during the period from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1981.The tendency of the troubles observed is almost the same as the result of the questionnaire which, prior to this, had been carried out during the period from 1976 to 1980. But it is peculiarly noted that troubles such as vapour lock in fuel line, cavitation in fuel pumps and level fluctuation of stand pipe were reported.

It was studied to examine the effects of cadmium for removal of nitrogen by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in plastic pots. In results, 1) Cadmium was absorbed by water hyacinth and was accumuiated in root mostly. The amounts of cadmium transfered from root to top were depended on the initial values in water. 2) The capacity for removal of nitrogen was dropped with increse of Cdamounts in water. 3) The growth of water hyacinth was suppressed in existence of cadmium of 0.25-1.00 mg/l.

スズは, 金属元素_Snチュートンの呼名があり, 古代ローマ人がイギリスの鉱山のスズを確保していたので化学記号は, 初期ローマの名称Stannumに由来するもので, 土壌中や多くの天然物中に微量ながら含まれている.例えば, クラゲ32ppm, 小麦0.3～2.5ppm(平均0.9ppm), 小麦粉0.6～1.8ppm(平均1.2ppm), 牛乳0.1～0.2ppmなどである.また, 日常食品の中でかん詰食品にはスズが多く検出される.これは, かん材がスズメッキによること, そして, 亜硫酸, 亜硫酸ガス, 硝酸塩, アントシアンなどの要素によりスズが溶出する.このスズ溶出による害に関するデータは多少あるが, スズ攝取が人間にどれほどの影響を持つかは顕著ではない.また, 動物実験によるデータも一定の確実なものを見い出していない.ここでは, かん詰食品中のスズの定量法として操作が容易で, しかも極めて再現性に富み, 通常かん詰食品中に含まれている各種の塩類の影響も実用上ほとんど認められないうえ, 十分満足しうる検出値を示すSATP(サリチリデンアミノ-2-チオフェノール)を用いる比色法で実験を行なった.その結果, 許容量の250ppm以上のものが見い出された., This report has been described the determination of tin in various canned foods by colorimetric method using Salicylideneamino-2-thiophenol (SATP) as organic reagent. Put 1 ml of test solution into the test tube shared stopper, add to 1N-hydrochloric acid, make 10 ml in all. Next time, add to two drops of 20% lactic acid solution, 10% sodium hydroxide till neutralization, distilled water till 20 ml level. Add to 2 ml of 20% lactic acid solution, and after 1 ml of 1% sodium thiosulfate solution. 5 ml of SATP solution. Shake well, mix them, put for 20 minutes, and add to 10 ml of xylene, shake, extract. Put the layer of xylene into another test tube, determine the optical density by colorimeter, calculate tin volume, mulutiply diluted magnification. The permission value is 250 ppm, but in data, more than 250 ppm was found.

A pilot plant system in winter season is designed and produced to keep the growth (10%) of Water Hyacinth, which is cultivated in secondary treatment water of domestic and flush toilet waste water. Whole energy required in this system has to be supplied by solar energy, and excess and deficiency of the capacity accepted from the solar radiation for quantity of every month in need is culculated and discussed.

We have investigated rapid and marked phosphorylation of cellular proteins induced by interleukin 2 (IL-2) in both phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated normal peripheral blood leucocytes, and IL-2-dependent or -independent human T-cell lines bearing human T-cell leukaemia (lymphotropic) virus type I. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis showed that the IL-2-induced phosphoprotein was of Mr 67,000 with a pI of 5.8 (pp67) and was distinct from the IL-2 receptor. IL-2 also stimulated phosphorylation of four other proteins, with an Mr of 63,000 and pI values 5.3-6.1 (pp63s). The stimulation of pp67 phosphorylation was observed within 5 min after addition of IL-2 and was maximal after 15 min. The maximal phosphorylation was more than 10-fold that observed initially. In IL-2-dependent cells, IL-2 dose responses of pp67 phosphorylation and cell proliferation were exactly correlated. Phosphoamino acid analysis showed that the phosphorylation site of pp67 and pp63s was a serine residue. Subcellular-fractionation studies indicated that pp67 was localized in cytosol, whereas pp63s phosphorylation was induced by IL-2 in nuclear and cytosol fractions. Similar phosphorylation of pp67 and pp63s was observed when the cells were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate instead of IL-2. These results suggest that IL-2-IL-2-receptor interaction leads to activation of protein kinase(s), resulting in phosphorylation of certain cellular proteins such as pp67 and pp63s, and that this phosphorylation could be an early event in the transmission of intracellular growth signalling from the IL-2 receptors.

ホテイアオイ(Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms)のペクチンを分別抽出し,各画分毎の含有量を測定した.また,ホテイアオイのペクチン含有量と生長率との関係について検討した. (1) ホテイアオイ中のペクチン含有量は,乾燥物当たり葉と葉柄で約10～40%,根で約5-14%であった.全ての部位でSSPが最も高い比率を示したが, 11月下旬にはSSPは減少した.生育期間中,葉の各画分の比率は葉柄のものとよく似た挙動を示した. (2) ホテイアオイの葉と葉柄の全ペクチン含有量は生長率と密接な関係がみられ, 6月下旬で最大となった.

The relationships between the levels of the air pollution and the levels of heavy metals in Bryum argenteum Hedw. and Parmelia tinctorum were investigated. The concentrations of Ca, Al, K, Fe and Na in Bryum argenteum Hedw. and Parmelia tinctorum were higher than another elements. These results were similar to previous paper. The differences of relative concentration (concentration/geometrical average concentration) of Hg in Bryum argenteum Hedw. at various sampling points were not recognized. The main reason is that the concentrations of Hg and Sb originated from both of the soil and industrial pollution. Then the enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to exclude the effect of the soil origin. The EF of the man-made element in Bryum argenteum Hedw. at the urban sites were higher than those at the rural sites.

It was studied to examine the changes of nitrogen sources in water hyacinth aquatic treatment systems (cultured area ; 0.3m^2,initial value of water hyacinth ; 600g, contacting time ; about 24 hr.). Influent was introduced from outlet of extended-aeration plants. Results in growthing period of water hyacinth (from early summer to fall) are as follows : 1) Total nitrogen was decreased by approximately 4 mg/l (22%) in average. Ammonium nitrogen was decreased by 2.8 mg/l, but decrease of nitrate nitrogen was not seen. 2) In basic water (pH≩6.5 ), decrease of ammonium nitrogen was seen remarkably. Conversely, decrease of nirate was seen slightly in acidic water (pH

The solubility of tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) [Co(acac)3] has been measured in aqueous surfactant solutions of sodium decylsulfate (NaDeS), dodecylsulfate (NaDS), and tetradecylsulfate (NaTS), and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at 35°C. The solubility increases in the order DTAB∼TTAB∼CTAB

The measurement of natural radon is important in geochemical and environmental studies. A method for simple measurement of radon, especially suitable for field observation, was investigated. Cellulose nitrate film (Kodak, LR. 115,Type II) was used for detector. This film is insensitive to β, γ and light radiations and to α activity plated-out on its surface. A cylinder with heater was used for film exposure fixture. The film at the completion of exposure was etched in 10%-NaOH (60℃, 150 min.), washed, dried and counted with a 40X optical microscope. At test in Okayama University of Science atmospheres, radon concentration of 6.2-64.5 (tracks/cm^2・day) was observed by this device.

In view of the well known fact that dissolved oxygen plays a very important role in petroleum refinery, the present investigation was undertaken to establish a rapid and accurate method for the determination of dissolved oxygen in gasoline . In 1924 Heyrovsky first reported that dissolved oxygen is reduced at the dropping mercury electrode to produce two waves3) . The first wave results from reduction to hydrogen peroxide :O2+2H++2e→H2O2(acid medium)O2+H2O2+2e→HO2-+OH-(neutral or alkaline medium).The second wave corresponds to the reduction of the hydrogen peroxide either to water or hydroxyl ion, depending on the pH:H2O2+2erarr;2H2O(acid medium)HO2-→3OH-(alkaline medium).The diffusion currents are normally well-defined and show a linear dependence on oxygen concentration. However, three main difficulties are encountered in the application of a.c, polarography to the determination of oxygen in gasoline: the limited solubility of gasoline in aqueous or semi-aqueous electrolyte system, the exclusion of atmospheric oxygen in handling sample and the accurate calibration of calibration curve. The first difficulty was resolved by adopting a supporting electrolyte of sodium hydroxide in absolute alcohol and the second by the disign of a special polarographic cell. Two ways of accurate calibration were investigated: by using water of known dissolved oxygen content directly as a calibration standard, and by using air-saturated alcoholic electrolyte as a secondary standard, the dissolved oxygen content being determined polarographically using water as a primary standard .

Extracting free sulfur in vulcanizates with benzene and removing MBT by shaking with an aqueous alkaline solution, one can determine a.c.-polarographically the free sulfur in a small amount with the electrolyte-solvent mixture composed of benzene, methanol, pyridine and concentrated hydrochloric acid.

交流ポーラログラフィーにより,潤滑油中の鉛と亜鉛を同時定量する方法について検討した.試料を希釈剤兼抽出助剤であるベンゼン-ジチゾン溶液に溶解する.溶解後,基礎液(塩酸-過塩素酸)で試料を抽出し,一定容積に希釈する.その溶液の一部を電解びんにとり,15分間窒素通気ののち,-0.1~-1.5V(vs.Hg-pool)の加電圧範囲で交流ポーラログラムを記録し,あらかじめ同じ条件で作成した検量線によって鉛(亜鉛)を定量する.本方法は,従来の湿式灰化などの繁雑な操作の要なく,迅速で,かつ簡単である.

交流ポーラログラフ法による石油中の微量バナジウムを定量する目的で,諸種の支持電解質について検討した.従来,バナジウムのポーラログラフ波は非可逆波であり,かつ感度もよくないといわれていた.著者らは,交流ポーラログラフ法の基礎的な検討より,チオシアン酸カリウムと硫酸とからなる複合支持電解質が従来の支持電解質より数倍の感度をもつ可逆波であることを見いだし,その複合支持電解質を石油中の微量バナジウムの定量に応用し,再現性のよい結果で分析しえた.

In recent years petroleum chemistry has remarkably developed. Some polarographic method of analysing petroleum is employed in ASTM, JIS and other standard methods. In the present paper, polarographic analysis of petroleum is reviewed. The contents are summarized as follows.

亜鉛金属を直接・有機溶媒(アセト酢酸エチル)で溶解し,有機溶媒のまま交流ポーラログラフィーによる亜鉛の定量方法について検討した.さらにその利点を応用する分析方法の1例として加硫ゴム中の亜鉛の定量方法についても検討を加えた.試料を直接アセト酢酸エチルで抽出し,得られたアセト酢酸エチル溶液にアセトニトリル-ヨウ化カリウムを加えて電解供試液とする.溶液の一部を電解びんにとり,水銀池を対極として交流ポーラログラムを記録し,あらかじめ作成した検量線で亜鉛を定量する.この方法は,旧来の定量法と比較して試料の灰化および蒸発乾固などの繁雑な操作の要なく,前処理が簡単で,かつ感度よく定量できる利点がある.

市販ガソリン中の鉛を交流ポーラログラフィーで定量する方法を確立した.著者らが考案した抽出装置中で試料ガソリン5mlと濃塩酸10mlで30分間加熱抽出する。塩酸層を100mlメスフラスコに移し,蒸留水で標線まで希釈する.溶液の一部を電解びんにとり,5分間窒素通気ののち, -0.1~-0.8V vs. Hg-poolの加電圧範囲で交流ポーラログラムを記録して,あらかじめ作成した検量線で含有鉛を定量する.この方法は,JISの定量法と比較して,試料の灰化および蒸発乾固などの繁雑な操作の要なく,迅速でかつ同様の正確さをもつ利点がある.

鉛合金を直接・有機溶媒(サリチルアルデヒド)で溶解し,有機溶媒のまま直流ポーラログラフィーによる鉛の定量方法について研究した.その結果,試料10mgをSA20mlで加熱溶解し,得られたSA溶液にアセトニトリルおよび過塩素酸リチウムを加えて電解供試液とする.溶液の一部を電解びんにとり水銀池を対極とし,直流ポーラニグラムを記録し,あらかじめ作成してある検量線で鉛を定量する.この方法は,旧来の定量法と比較して,試料の灰化および蒸発乾固などの繁雑な操作の要なく前処理が非常に簡単であり,また全体の分析所要時間は1試料1回60分間以内でこの時間はJIS法の1/5である.

市販の潤滑油中に酸化防止剤および清浄剤として金属塩の形で添加されている亜鉛の定量に原子吸光分析法を応用した.試料の約1.0gをメチルイソブチルケトン (MIBK) 100mlに溶解し, 得られたMIBK溶液について原子吸光測定を行なった.検量線の直線部分 (亜鉛1～6ppm) を利用して標準添加法を適用した.回収試験の結果, 亜鉛についての回収率は99%以上で, 本法による定量結果の正確さが確かめられた.試料の溶解はごく短時間ですみ, 本法の全体の分析所要時間は1試料1回30分以内で, 旧来の定量法と比較して約60分ほど短縮できる利点がある.

It is well known that in petroleum refinery free sulfur plays a very important role. The present investigation aims at the rapid and accurate determination of sulfur in small amount.

Background Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is an extremely rare soft tissue sarcoma. Recently, the proximal variant has been reported to be a more aggressive subtype; however, as most reports of ES have involved small case series, the actual prognostic implications remain unclear. We investigated the clinicopathological features of patients with ES to identify the prognostic factors that influence survival. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features of 44 patients with ES who had been treated at our institutions between 1991 and 2011. Among these patients, 26 were diagnosed histologically as having classic-type ES, whereas the remaining 18 had proximal-type ES. Thirty-three of the patients, all without distant metastases, underwent curative surgery, and the remaining 11 with distant metastases (M1) received palliative treatment. Results The proximal subtype was significantly correlated with a proximal tumor location, distant metastases at presentation, presence of rhabdoid cells, a higher tumor grade, and vascular invasion. The overall survival (OS) rate at 5 years for the 44 patients was 45 %. A superficial tumor location and lymph node metastases (N1) at presentation were independently predictive of local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and N1 and M1 tumors were independently predictive of distant metastasis-free survival and OS, respectively. The proximal subtype was associated with unfavorable LRFS and OS, although not to a statistically significant degree. Conclusions Proximal-type ES has significantly more aggressive clinicopathological features than classic-type ES, and lymph node or distant metastasis has the most critical impact on prognosis.

Epicatechin gallate (ECg), a green tea polyphenol, has various physiological effects. Our previous nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) study using solution NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that ECg strongly interacts with the surface of phospholipid bilayers. However, the dynamic behavior of ECg in the phospholipid bilayers has not been clarified, especially the dynamics and molecular arrangement of the galloyl moiety, which supposedly has an important interactive role. In this study, we synthesized [ 13 C]-ECg, in which the carbonyl carbon of the galloyl moiety was labeled by 13 C isotope, and analyzed it by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Solid-state 31 P NMR analysis indicated that ECg changes the gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature of DMPC bilayers as well as the dynamics and mobility of the phospholipids. In the solid-state 13 C NMR analysis under static conditions, the carbonyl carbon signal of the [ 13 C]-ECg exhibited an axially symmetric powder pattern. This indicates that the ECg molecules rotate about an axis tilting at a constant angle to the bilayer normal. The accurate intermolecular–interatomic distance between the labeled carbonyl carbon of [ 13 C]-ECg and the phosphorus of the phospholipid was determined to be 5.3 ± 0.1 A by 13 C– 31 P rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) measurements. These results suggest that the galloyl moiety contributes to increasing the hydrophobicity of catechin molecules, and consequently to high affinity of galloyl-type catechins for phospholipid membranes, as well as to stabilization of catechin molecules in the phospholipid membranes by cation–π interaction between the galloyl ring and quaternary amine of the phospholipid head-group.

BackgroundThe radiographic evaluation of the response to preoperative chemotherapy for bone and soft tissue sarcomas is based mostly on the change in primary tumor size before and after chemotherapy, as is done for many solid cancers. Its prognostic correlation, however, has hardly been validated.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective validation study of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) radiographic response evaluation criteria of preoperative chemotherapy for bone and soft tissue sarcomas as a JOA Committee on Musculoskeletal Tumors cooperative study. A total of 125 consecutive patients with high-grade bone (n = 77) and soft tissue (n = 48) sarcomas treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and definitive surgery in 25 tertiary referral hospitals were selected for the study. We investigated the correlation between the tumor size-based radiographic response evaluation criteria of preoperative chemotherapy for bone and soft tissue sarcomas provided by the JOA Committee on Musculoskeletal Tumors (hereafter called the JOA criteria) and the patients’ overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.ResultsThe JOA criteria correlated relatively well with survival for malignant bone tumors (mostly comprising osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma) but not for soft tissue sarcomas, suggesting that the tumor size-based radiographic evaluation criteria for the response to preoperative chemotherapy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas is invalid.ConclusionsThe JOA criteria, based on the change in primary tumor size, is valid for malignant bone tumors but invalid for soft tissue sarcomas. Other new evaluation modalities of the response to preoperative chemotherapy using innovative functional imaging techniques are needed for soft tissue sarcomas.

Gas chromatographic analysis of benzene and toluene in automobile exhaust gas was studied by using Yanagimoto Gas Chromatograph Model GCG-550. The operating conditions were :Column : PEG · 6000 30%Carrier gas : HeliumColumn temperature : 84°CDetector : F. I. D.The method was rapid and simple, and the time required for an analysis was about 15 min.

市販硫化染料中の微量遊離イオウを,交流ポーラログラフ法によって,迅速簡易に定量する方法について検討した.硫化染料中の遊離イオウの定量に使用されている方法は,多量の試料をソックスレー抽出器を使用して,イオウの溶媒として二硫化炭素を用い遊離イオウを10時間抽出し,抽出液を蒸発乾固したのち重量法で定量している.著者は,交流ポーラログラフ法により、抽出溶媒としてベンゼンを使用したが,試料採取量は少なく(250mg以内),抽出時間も短くてすみ,抽出液を蒸発乾固する必要もない.抽出液をそのまま使用して,0.067~0.50%の遊離イオウを再現性よく定量する方法を得ることができた.

The accumulation of fluorescent age pigment or lipofuscin is a frequently observed age-associated cellular alteration in a variety of postmitotic cells of many species. These pigments are observed within granules composed, in part, of damaged protein and lipid. Modification of various biomolecules by aldehyde products of lipid peroxidation is believed to contribute to lipofuscin and ceroid formation. In the present study, we raised a monoclonal antibody (MAb 1F83) directed to the malondialdehyde-modified protein and identified a lipofuscin-like dihydropyridine fluorophore as the major epitope. This antibody was used to conclusively demonstrate that the fluorophore forms on oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins. In addition, we demonstrated that the materials immunoreactive to MAb 1F83 indeed constituted the atherosclerotic lesions, in which intense positivity was associated primarily with macrophage-derived foam cells. The results of this study suggest that the reaction between the lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde and primary amino groups of protein might represent a process common to the formation of the lipofuscin-like fluorophore during aging and its related diseases. —Yamada, S., S. Kumazawa, T. Ishii, T. Nakayama, K. Itakura, N. Shibata, M. Kobayashi, K. Sakai, T. Osawa, and K. Uchida. Immunochemical detection of a lipofuscin-like fluorophore derived from malondialdehyde and lysine.

Lead in automobile exhaust gas can be determined by atomic absorption measurement. A sample is directry injected into an air-hydrogen flame by an atomizer burner, and spectral line of lead was measured at 2833 A. The method was rapid and simple, and the time required for an analysis was about 5 min.