Search

Your search keyword '"T. Wright"' showing total 4,786 results
Start Over Author "T. Wright"

Refine your results

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »
4,786 results on '"T. Wright"'

251. Case Report: Two Families With HPDL Related Neurodegeneration

Author

Ieva Micule, Baiba Lace, Nathan T. Wright, Nicolas Chrestian, Jurgis Strautmanis, Mikus Diriks, Janis Stavusis, Dita Kidere, Elfa Kleina, Anna Zdanovica, Nataly Laflamme, Nadie Rioux, Samarth Thonta Setty, Sander Pajusalu, Arnaud Droit, Monkol Lek, Serge Rivest, and Inna Inashkina

Subjects
mitochondrial diseases, spastic paraplegia, brain diseases, ataxia, citrate-synthase, Genetics, Molecular Medicine, QH426-470, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract

There are recent reports of associations of variants in the HPDL gene with a hereditary neurological disease that presents with a wide spectrum of clinical severity, ranging from severe neonatal encephalopathy with no psychomotor development to adolescent-onset uncomplicated spastic paraplegia. Here, we report two probands from unrelated families presenting with severe and intermediate variations of the clinical course. A homozygous variant in the HPDL gene was detected in each proband; however, there was no known parental consanguinity. We also highlight reductions in citrate synthase and mitochondrial complex I activity detected in both probands in different tissues, reflecting the previously proposed mitochondrial nature of disease pathogenesis associated with HPDL mutations. Further, we speculate on the functional consequences of the detected variants, although the function and substrate of the HPDL enzyme are currently unknown.

Published
2022

252. Temperature Profiles During Cryolipolysis

Author

Dillon H. McClintock and Neil T. Wright

Subjects
Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Cryolipolysis (CLL) is a noninvasive clinical procedure for local reduction of adipose tissue. Paddles as cold as −10 °C are pressed against the skin to cool the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to ∼10 °C, crystalize the stored triglycerides, and trigger apoptosis in the adipocytes. Occasional adverse effects occur following CLL. There is some uncertainty in the temperature profile during the procedure. Here, a Green's function solution of the one-dimensional (1D) Pennes equation is used to examine how uncertainties in thermal diffusivity and blood perfusion may change the temperature profile during CLL. Improved description of the temperature profile might aid in understanding the mechanisms leading to these adverse effects. The plausible range of values of blood perfusion adds significant uncertainty to the temperature profile during treatment.

Published
2022

254. Contributors

Author

Michela Abrami, Sebastian Aland, A. Andreozzi, Said H. Audi, Sid Becker, N. Bianco, Tim Bomberna, Christina Chan, Claudio Chiastra, Monika Colombo, Anna Corti, Allen W. Cowley, Michele Curatolo, Giampaolo D’Alessandro, Barbara Dapas, Ranjan K. Dash, Maria Valeria De Bonis, Filippo de Monte, Giuseppe De Nisco, Charlotte Debbaut, Rosario di Vittorio, Dániel András Drexler, Mariia Dvoriashyna, Rossella Farra, Luca Formaggia, Alexander J.E. Foss, Bingmei M. Fu, Eamonn A. Gaffney, Gabriele Grassi, Lucia Grassi, Mario Grassi, M. Iasiello, Khalil Khanafer, Levente Kovács, Andrey V. Kuznetsov, Ivan A. Kuznetsov, Shay Ladd, Laura Lagonigro, Francesco Marra, Sean McGinty, Francesco Migliavacca, Gesmi Milcovich, Paola Nardinocchi, Giuseppe Pontrelli, Felix Reichel, Rodolfo Repetto, Jose Felix Rodriguez Matas, Gianpaolo Ruocco, Shima Sadri, Xiuhua April Si, Luciano Teresi, Namrata Tomar, C. Tucci, Alisa S. Vadasz, Peter Vadasz, Kambiz Vafai, Lucas Daniel Wittwer, Neil T. Wright, Jinxiang Xi, and Paolo Zunino

Published
2022

255. A Search for Radio Technosignatures at the Solar Gravitational Lens Targeting Alpha Centauri

Author

Nick Tusay, Macy J. Huston, Cayla M. Dedrick, Stephen Kerby, Michael L. Palumbo III, Steve Croft, Jason T. Wright, Paul Robertson, Sofia Sheikh, Laura Duffy, Gregory Foote, Andrew Hyde, Julia Lafond, Ella Mullikin, Winter Parts, Phoebe Sandhaus, Hillary H. Smith, Evan L. Sneed, Daniel Czech, and Vishal Gajjar

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Stars provide an enormous gain for interstellar communications at their gravitational focus, perhaps as part of an interstellar network. If the Sun is part of such a network, there should be probes at the gravitational foci of nearby stars. If there are probes within the solar system connected to such a network, we might detect them by intercepting transmissions from relays at these foci. Here, we demonstrate a search across a wide bandwidth for interstellar communication relays beyond the Sun's innermost gravitational focus at 550 AU using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and Breakthrough Listen (BL) backend. As a first target, we searched for a relay at the focus of the Alpha Centauri AB system while correcting for the parallax due to Earth's orbit around the Sun. We searched for radio signals directed at the inner solar system from such a source in the L and S bands. Our analysis, utilizing the turboSETI software developed by BL, did not detect any signal indicative of a non-human-made artificial origin. Further analysis excluded false negatives and signals from the nearby target HD 13908. Assuming a conservative gain of 10^3 in L-band and roughly 4 times that in S-band, a ~1 meter directed transmitter would be detectable by our search above 7 W at 550 AU or 23 W at 1000 AU in L-band, and above 2 W at 550 AU or 7 W at 1000 AU in S-band. Finally, we discuss the application of this method to other frequencies and targets., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted to AJ

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

263. Overview of the dissemination of n_TOF experimental data and resonance parameters

Author

E. Dupont, N. Otuka, D. Rochman, G. Nogèure, O. Aberle, V. Alcayne, S. Altieri, S. Amaducci, J. Andrzejewski, V. Babiano-Suarez, M. Bacak, J. Balibrea, C. Beltrami, S. Bennett, A.P. Bernardes, E. Berthoumieux, R. Beyer, M. Boromiza, D. Bosnar, M. Caamaño, F. Calviño, M. Calviani, D. Cano-Ott, A. Casanovas, F. Cerutti, G. Cescutti, E. Chiaveri, P. Colombetti, N. Colonna, P. Console Camprini, G. Cortés, M.A. Cortés-Giraldo, L. Cosentino, S. Cristallo, S. Dellmann, M. Di Castro, S. Di Maria, M. Diakaki, M. Dietz, C. Domingo-Pardo, R. Dressler, I. Durán, Z. Eleme, S. Fargier, B. Fernández, B. Fernández-Domínguez, P. Finocchiaro, S. Fiore, V. Furman, F. García-Infantes, A. Gawlik-Ramięga, G. Gervino, S. Gilardoni, E. González-Romero, C. Guerrero, F. Gunsing, C. Gustavino, J. Heyse, W. Hillman, G.D. Jenkins, E. Jericha, A. Junghans, Y. Kadi, K. Kaperoni, G. Kaur, A. Kimura, I. Knapová, M. Kokkoris, Y. Kopatch, M. Krtička, N. Kyritsis, I. Ladarescu, C. Lederer-Woods, J. Lerendegui-Marco, G. Lerner, A. Manna, T. Martínez, A. Masi, C. Massimi, P. Mastinu, M. Mastromarco, E.A. Maugeri, A. Mazzone, E. Mendoza, A. Mengoni, V. Michalopoulou, P.M. Milazzo, R. Mucciola, F. Murtas, E. Musacchio-Gonzalez, A. Musumarra, A. Negret, A. Pérez de Rada, P. Pérez-Maroto, N. Patronis, J.A. Pavón-Rodrgíuez, M.G. Pellegriti, J. Perkowski, C. Petrone, E. Pirovano, J. Plaza, S. Pomp, I. Porras, J. Praena, J.M. Quesada, R. Reifarth, Y. Romanets, C. Rubbia, A. Sánchez-Caballero, M. Sabaté-Gilarte, P. Schillebeeckx, D. Schumann, A. Sekhar, A.G. Smith, N.V. Sosnin, M.E. Stamati, A. Sturniolo, G. Tagliente, A. Tarifeño-Saldivia, D. Taríro, P. Torres-Sánchez, E. Vagena, S. Valenta, V. Variale, P. Vaz, G. Vecchio, D. Vescovi, V. Vlachoudis, R. Vlastou, A. Wallner, P.J. Woods, T. Wright, R. Zarrella, and P. Žugec

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

The n_TOF neutron time-of-flight facility at CERN is used for nuclear data measurements. The n_TOF Collaboration works closely with the Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) network to disseminate the experimental data through the international EXFOR library. In addition, the Collaboration helps integrate the results in the evaluated library projects. The present contribution describes the dissemination status of n_TOF results, their impact on evaluated libraries and ongoing efforts to provide n_TOF resonance parameters in ENDF-6 format for further use by evaluation projects.

Published
2023

264. Measurement of the 241Am(n,γ) cross section at the n_TOF facility at CERN

Author

A. Oprea, F. Gunsing, P. Schillebeeckx, O. Aberle, M. Bacak, E. Berthoumieux, D. Cano-Ott, M. Diakaki, E. Dupont, B. Geslot, T. Glodariu†, J. Heyse, E. Mendoza, A. Negret, V. Alcayne, S. Amaducci, J. Andrzejewski, L. Audouin, V. Bécares, V. Babiano-Suarez, M. Barbagallo, F. Bečvář, G. Bellia, J. Billowes, D. Bosnar, A. Brown, M. Busso, M. Caamaño, L. Caballero-Ontanaya, F. Calviño, M. Calviani, A. Casanovas, F. Cerutti, Y. H. Chen, E. Chiaveri, N. Colonna, G. Cortés, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, L. Cosentino, S. Cristallo, L. A. Damone, M. Dietz, C. Domingo-Pardo, R. Dressler, I. Durán, Z. Eleme, B. Fernández-Domínguez, A. Ferrari, P. Finocchiaro, V. Furman, K. Göbel, R. Garg, A. Gawlik-Ramięga, S. Gilardoni, I. F. Gonçalves, E. González-Romero, C. Guerrero, H. Harada, S. Heinitz, D. G. Jenkins, E. Jericha, F. Käppeler†, G. Kaur, Y. Kadi, A. Kimura, N. Kivel, M. Kokkoris, Y. Kopatch, M. Krtička, D. Kurtulgil, I. Ladarescu, C. Lederer-Woods, H. Leeb, J. Lerendegui-Marco, S. Lo Meo, S. J. Lonsdale, D. Macina, A. Manna, T. Martínez, A. Masi, C. Massimi, P. Mastinu, M. Mastromarco, F. Matteucci, E. A. Maugeri, A. Mazzone, A. Mengoni, V. Michalopoulou, P. M. Milazzo, F. Mingrone, A. Musumarra, R. Nolte, F. Ogállar, N. Patronis, A. Pavlik, J. Perkowski, L. Piersanti, I. Porras, J. Praena, J. M. Quesada, D. Radeck, D. Ramos-Doval, T. Rauscher, R. Reifarth, D. Rochman, C. Rubbia, M. Sabaté-Gilarte, A. Saxena, D. Schumann, A. G. Smith, N. V. Sosnin, A. Stamatopoulos, G. Tagliente, J. L. Tain, T. Talip, A. Tarifeño-Saldivia, L. Tassan-Got, P. Torres-Sánchez, A. Tsinganis, J. Ulrich, S. Urlass, S. Valenta, G. Vannini, V. Variale, P. Vaz, A. Ventura, V. Vlachoudis, R. Vlastou, A. Wallner, P. J. Woods, T. Wright, and P. Žugec

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

The neutron capture cross section of 241Am is an important quantity for nuclear energy production and fuel cycle scenarios. Several measurements have been performed in recent years with the aim to reduce existing uncertainties in evaluated data. Two previous measurements, performed at the 185 m flight-path station EAR1 of the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN, have permitted to substantially extend the resolved resonance region, but suffered in the near-thermal energy range from the unfavorable signal-to-background ratio resulting from the combination of the high radioactivity of 241Am and the rather low thermal neutron flux. The here presented 241Am(n,γ) measurement, performed with C6D6 liquid scintillator gamma detectors at the 20 m flight-path station EAR2 of the n_TOF facility, took advantage of the much higher neutron flux. The current status of the analysis of the data, focussed on the low-energy region, will be described here.

Published
2023

265. The Stellar 72Ge(n, γ) Cross Section for weak s-process: A First Measurement at n_TOF

Author

M. Dietz, C. Lederer-Woods, A. Tattersall, U. Battino, F. Gunsing, S. Heinitz, J. Lerendegui-Marco, M. Krtička, R. Reifarth, S. Valenta, O. Aberle, S. Amaducci, J. Andrzejewski, L. Audouin, M. Bacak, J. Balibrea, M. Barbagallo, F. Bečvář, E. Berthoumieux, J. Billowes, D. Bosnar, A. Brown, M. Caamaño, F. Calviño, M. Calviani, D. Cano-Ott, R. Cardella, A. Casanovas, F. Cerutti, Y. H. Chen, E. Chiaveri, N. Colonna, G. Cortés, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, L. Cosentino, L. A. Damone, M. Diakaki, C. Domingo-Pardo, R. Dressler, E. Dupont, I. Durán, B. Fernández-Domínguez, A. Ferrari, P. Ferreira, P. Finocchiaro, K. Göbel, A. R. García, A. Gawlik-Ramie˛ga, S. Gilardoni, T. Glodariu†, I. F. Gonçalves, E. González-Romero, E. Griesmayer, C. Guerrero, H. Harada, J. Heyse, D. G. Jenkins, E. Jericha, F. Käppeler†, Y. Kadi, D. Kahl, A. Kalamara, P. Kavrigin, A. Kimura, N. Kivel, M. Kokkoris, D. Kurtulgil, E. Leal-Cidoncha, H. Leeb, S. Lo Meo, S. J. Lonsdale, D. Macina, A. Manna, J. Marganiec, T. Martínez, A. Masi, C. Massimi, P. Mastinu, M. Mastromarco, E. A. Maugeri, A. Mazzone, E. Mendoza, A. Mengoni, P. M. Milazzo, F. Mingrone, A. Musumarra, A. Negret, R. Nolte, A. Oprea, N. Patronis, A. Pavlik, J. Perkowski, I. Porras, J. Praena, J. M. Quesada, D. Radeck, T. Rauscher, C. Rubbia, J. A. Ryan, M. Sabaté-Gilarte, A. Saxena, P. Schillebeeckx, D. Schumann, A. G. Smith, N. V. Sosnin, A. Stamatopoulos, G. Tagliente, J. L. Tain, A. Tarifeño-Saldivia, L. Tassan-Got, G. Vannini, V. Variale, P. Vaz, A. Ventura, V. Vlachoudis, R. Vlastou, A. Wallner, S. Warren, C. Weiss, P. J. Woods, T. Wright, and P. Žugec

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

The slow neutron capture process (s-process) is responsible for producing about half of the elemental abundances heavier than iron in the universe. Neutron capture cross sections on stable isotopes are a key nuclear physics input for s-process studies. The 72Ge(n, γ) Maxwellian-Averaged Cross Section (MACS) has an important influence on the production of isotopes between Ge and Zr in the weak s-process in massive stars and so far only theoretical estimations are available. An experiment was carried out at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN to measure the 72Ge(n, γ) reaction for the first time at stellar neutron energies. The capture measurement was performed using an enriched 72GeO2 sample at a flight path length of 184 m, which provided high neutron energy resolution. The prompt gamma rays produced after neutron capture were detected with a set of liquid scintillation detectors (C6D6). The neutron capture yield is derived from the counting spectra taking into account the neutron flux and the gamma-ray detection efficiency using the Pulse Height Weighting Technique. Over 70 new neutron resonances were identified, providing an improved resolved reaction cross section to calculate experimental MACS values for the first time. The experiment, data analysis and the new MACS results will be presented including their impact on stellar nucleosynthesis, which was investigated using the post-processing nucleosynthesis code mppnp for a 25 solar mass model.

Published
2023

266. Detector set up for the measurements of the neutron-induced fission cross section of 235U relative to n-p scattering up to 150 MeV at CERN-n_TOF

Author

E. Pirovano, A. Manna, N. Colonna, P. Console Camprini, L. Cosentino, M. Dietz, Q. Ducasse, P. Finocchiaro, C. Massimi, A. Mengoni, R. Nolte, D. Radeck, L. Tassan-Got, N. Terranova, A. Ventura, O. Aberle, V. Alcayne, S. Amaducci, J. Andrzejewski, L. Audouin, V. Babiano-Suarez, M. Bacak, M. Barbagallo, S. Bennett, E. Berthoumieux, J. Billowes, D. Bosnar, A. Brown, M. Busso, M. Caamaño, L. Caballero-Ontanaya, F. Calviño, M. Calviani, D. Cano-Ott, A. Casanovas, F. Cerutti, E. Chiaveri, G. Cortés, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, S. Cristallo, L. A. Damone, P. J. Davies, M. Diakaki, C. Domingo-Pardo, R. Dressler, E. Dupont, I. Durán, Z. Eleme, B. Fernández-Domínguez, A. Ferrari, K. Göbel, R. Garg, A. Gawlik-Ramie˛ga, S. Gilardoni, I. F. Gonçalves, E. González-Romero, C. Guerrero, F. Gunsing, H. Harada, S. Heinitz, J. Heyse, D. G. Jenkins, A. Junghans, F. Käppeler†, Y. Kadi, A. Kimura, I. Knapová, M. Kokkoris, M. Krtička, D. Kurtulgil, I. Ladarescu, C. Lederer-Woods, H. Leeb, J. Lerendegui-Marco, S. J. Lonsdale, D. Macina, T. Martínez, A. Masi, P. Mastinu, M. Mastromarco, E. A. Maugeri, A. Mazzone, E. Mendoza, V. Michalopoulou, P. M. Milazzo, F. Mingrone, J. Moreno-Soto, A. Musumarra, A. Negret, F. Ogállar, A. Oprea, N. Patronis, A. Pavlik, J. Perkowski, L. Piersanti, C. Petrone, I. Porras, J. Praena, J. M. Quesada, D. Ramos-Doval, T. Rauscher, R. Reifarth, D. Rochman, C. Rubbia, M. Sabaté-Gilarte, A. Saxena, P. Schillebeeckx, D. Schumann, A. Sekhar, A. G. Smith, N. V. Sosnin, P. Sprung, A. Stamatopoulos, G. Tagliente, J. L. Tain, A. Tarifeño-Saldivia, Th. Thomas, P. Torres-Sánchez, A. Tsinganis, J. Ulrich, S. Urlass, S. Valenta, G. Vannini, V. Variale, P. Vaz, D. Vescovi, V. Vlachoudis, R. Vlastou, A. Wallner, P. J. Woods, T. Wright, and P. Žugec

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

A new measurement of the 235U(n,f) fission cross section was carried out at n_TOF. The experiment covered the neutron energy range from 10 MeV up to 500 MeV, and it used the 1H(n,n) cross section as normalization for the neutron fluence measurement. In this contribution, the measurements and the characterization of the detectors covering the incident energy range up to 150 MeV are discussed.

Published
2023

267. Characterization of a detector setup for the measurement of the 235U(n,f) cross section relative to n-p scattering up to 500 MeV at the n_TOF facility at CERN

Author

A. Manna, E. Pirovano, N. Colonna, D. Castelluccio, P. Console Camprini, L. Cosentino, M. Dietz, Q. Ducasse, P. Finocchiaro, C. Le Naour, C. Massimi, A. Mengoni, R. Nolte, L. Tassan-Got, N. Terranova, G. Vannini, A. Ventura, O. Aberle, V. Alcayne, S. Amaducci, J. Andrzejewski, L. Audouin, V. Babiano-Suarez, M. Bacak, M. Barbagallo, S. Bennett, E. Berthoumieux, J. Billowes, D. Bosnar, A. Brown, M. Busso, M. Caamaño, L. Caballero-Ontanaya, F. Calviño, M. Calviani, D. Cano-Ott, A. Casanovas, F. Cerutti, E. Chiaveri, G. Cortés, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, S. Cristallo, L. A. Damone, P. J. Davies, M. Diakaki, C. Domingo-Pardo, R. Dressler, E. Dupont, I. Durán, Z. Eleme, B. Fernández-Domínguez, A. Ferrari, K. Göbel, R. Garg, R. A. Gawlik-Ramiega, S. Gilardoni, I. F. Gonçalves, E. González-Romero, C. Guerrero, F. Gunsing, H. Harada, S. Heinitz, J. Heyse, D. G. Jenkins, A. Junghans, F. Käppeler, Y. Kadi, A. Kimura, I. Knapová, M. Kokkoris, M. Krtička, D. Kurtulgil, I. Ladarescu, C. Lederer-Woods, H. Leeb, J. Lerendegui-Marco, S. J. Lonsdale, D. Macina, T. Martínez, A. Masi, P. Mastinu, M. Mastromarco, E. A. Maugeri, A. Mazzone, E. Mendoza, V. Michalopoulou, P. M. Milazzo, F. Mingrone, J. Moreno-Soto, A. Musumarra, A. Negret, F. Ogállar, A. Oprea, N. Patronis, A. Pavlik, J. Perkowski, L. Piersanti, C. Petrone, I. Porras, J. Praena, J. M. Quesada, D. Ramos-Doval, T. Rauscher, R. Reifarth, D. Rochman, C. Rubbia, M. Sabaté-Gilarte, A. Saxena, P. Schillebeeckx, D. Schumann, A. Sekhar, A. G. Smith, N. V. Sosnin, P. Sprung, A. Stamatopoulos, G. Tagliente, J. L. Tain, A. Tarifeño-Saldivia, Th. Thomas, P. Torres-Sánchez, A. Tsinganis, J. Ulrich, S. Urlass, S. Valenta, V. Variale, P. Vaz, D. Vescovi, V. Vlachoudis, R. Vlastou, A. Wallner, P. J. Woods, T. Wright, and P. Žugec

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

The measurement of the 235U(n,f) reaction cross section in the neutron energy region 10 MeV to 500 MeV was carried out at the CERN n_TOF facility. The experimental campaign, completed in 2018, provided precise and accurate data on the fission reaction relative to neutron-proton elastic scattering. A description and characterization of the used setup for the simultaneous measurement of fission fragments and neutron flux is reported here.

Published
2023

268. Some Chemical Compositional Changes in Miscanthus and White Oak Sawdust Samples during Torrefaction

Author

J. Richard Hess, Christopher T. Wright, Richard D. Boardman, and Jaya Shankar Tumuluru

Subjects
miscanthus, white oak sawdust, torrefaction, temperature, time, chemical composition, Technology
Abstract

Torrefaction tests on miscanthus and white oak sawdust were conducted in a bubbling sand bed reactor to see the effect of temperature and residence time on the chemical composition. Process conditions for miscanthus and white oak sawdust were 250–350 °C for 30–120 min and 220–270 °C for 30 min, respectively. Torrefaction of miscanthus at 250 °C and a residence time of 30 min resulted in a significant decrease in moisture—about 82.68%—but the other components—hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and volatiles—changed only marginally. Increasing torrefaction temperatures to 350 °C with a residence time of 120 min further reduced the moisture content to 0.54%, with a significant decrease in the hydrogen, nitrogen, and volatiles by 58.29%, 14.28%, and 70.45%, respectively. Regression equations developed for the moisture, hydrogen, nitrogen, and volatile content of the samples with respect to torrefaction temperature and time have adequately described the changes in chemical composition based on R2 values of >0.82. Surface plots based on the regression equation indicate that torrefaction temperatures of 280–350 °C with residence times of 30–120 min can help reduce moisture, nitrogen, and volatile content from 1.13% to 0.6%, 0.27% to 0.23%, and 79% to 23%, with respect to initial values. Trends of chemical compositional changes in white oak sawdust are similar to miscanthus. Torrefaction temperatures of 270 °C and a 30 min residence time reduced the moisture, volatiles, hydrogen, and nitrogen content by about 79%, 17.88%, 20%, and 5.88%, respectively, whereas the carbon content increased by about 3.5%.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

270. First Radial Velocity Results From the MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA)

Author

Maurice L. Wilson, Jason D. Eastman, Matthew A. Cornachione, Sharon X. Wang, Samson A. Johnson, David H. Sliski, William J. Schap III, Timothy D. Morton, John Asher Johnson, Nate McCrady, Jason T. Wright, Robert A. Wittenmyer, Peter Plavchan, Cullen H. Blake, Jonathan J. Swift, Michael Bottom, Ashley D. Baker, Stuart I. Barnes, Perry Berlind, Eric Blackhurst, Thomas G. Beatty, Adam S. Bolton, Bryson Cale, Michael L. Calkins, Ana Colón, Jon de Vera, Gilbert Esquerdo, Emilio E. Falco, Pascal Fortin, Juliana Garcia-Mejia, Claire Geneser, Steven R. Gibson, Gabriel Grell, Ted Groner, Samuel Halverson, John Hamlin, M. Henderson, J. Horner, Audrey Houghton, Stefaan Janssens, Graeme Jonas, Damien Jones, Annie Kirby, George Lawrence, Julien Andrew Luebbers, Philip S. Muirhead, Justin Myles, Chantanelle Nava, Kevin O Rivera-García, Tony Reed, Howard M. Relles, Reed Riddle, Connor Robinson, Forest Chaput de Saintonge, and Anthony Sergi

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

271. Stellar spectroscopy in the near-infrared with a laser frequency comb

Author

Andrew J. Metcalf, Tyler Anderson, Chad F. Bender, Scott Blakeslee, Wesley Brand, David R. Carlson, William D. Cochran, Scott A. Diddams, Michael Endl, Connor Fredrick, Sam Halverson, Daniel D. Hickstein, Fred Hearty, Jeff Jennings, Shubham Kanodia, Kyle F. Kaplan, Eric Levi, Emily Lubar, Suvrath Mahadevan, Andrew Monson, Joe P. Ninan, Colin Nitroy, Steve Osterman, Scott B. Papp, Franklyn Quinlan, Larry Ramsey, Paul Robertson, Arpita Roy, Christian Schwab, Steinn Sigurdsson, Kartik Srinivasan, Gudmundur Stefansson, David A. Sterner, Ryan Terrien, Alex Wolszczan, Jason T. Wright, and Gabriel Ycas

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

272. Kelp patch size and density influence secondary productivity and diversity of epifauna

Author

Jeffrey T. Wright, Victor Shelamoff, Cayne Layton, Masayuki Tatsumi, Craig R. Johnson, Matthew J. Cameron, and Graham J. Edgar

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Water flow, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Kelp, Ecklonia radiata, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, Productivity (ecology), Marine ecosystem, Species richness, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Habitat‐forming ecosystem engineers are the foundation of many marine ecosystems where they support diverse and productive food‐webs. A reduction in their patch size or density may affect the productivity, biodiversity and stability of these ecosystems. We determined the effects of different densities and patch sizes of Ecklonia radiata (the dominant kelp in southern Australia) on the secondary productivity, species richness, diversity and community structure of understory epifaunal invertebrates and how associated environmental covariates modified by kelp affected those patterns. We assessed sub‐canopy epifauna across 28 artificial reefs with transplanted E. radiata consisting of seven different patch sizes (0.12–7.68 m2) crossed with four kelp densities (0–16 kelp m−2) over two years. Epifaunal secondary productivity associated with both natural algal and standardised rope fibre habitats decreased with patch size and was elevated when kelp was absent, however, it was also high in natural habitat when there was a high density of kelp. Epifaunal productivity was positively associated with sub‐canopy light and water flow but negatively associated with the biomass of the dominant understory alga, Ulva sp. Epifaunal diversity declined with a reduction in reef size as did richness which correlated with a loss of algal species richness. Community structure of epifauna also differed between small and large reefs, between reefs with and without kelp, between rope habitats at the centre and at the edge of reefs, and within natural habitat between reefs supporting high and low densities of kelp. Overall, these results indicate complex effects of E. radiata decline on epifaunal communities, with high secondary productivity associated with dense kelp stands, but also areas without kelp that are dominated by turf algae. While the loss of standing kelp from rocky reefs may result in declines in epifaunal biodiversity, where turf algae replaces kelp, the reefs may still support high secondary productivity.

Published
2019

273. Patch size and density of canopy-forming kelp modify influences of ecosystem engineering on understorey algal and sessile invertebrate assemblages

Author

Jeffrey T. Wright, Matthew J. Cameron, Cayne Layton, Victor Shelamoff, Masayuki Tatsumi, and Craig R. Johnson

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biotic component, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Radiata, Kelp, Aquatic Science, Biology, Ecklonia radiata, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, Algae, Abundance (ecology), Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Ecosystem engineers are important in shaping the composition of associated communities, including the abundance of species which exert additional influences on the ecosystem. Using an array of 28 artificial reefs supporting transplants of a dominant canopy-forming kelp (Ecklonia radiata) representing 7 patch sizes (0.12-7.68 m2) crossed with 4 kelp densities (0-16 ind. m-2), we determined how differences in the patch size and density of this ecosystem engineer influenced the associated understorey assemblages, including the abundance of turf algae, foliose algae and sessile invertebrates. We then determined how abiotic and biotic factors modified by E. radiata related to the abundance of these functional groups and E. radiata recruitment. Decreasing patch size and absence of kelp led to the proliferation of turfs, whilst foliose algae and invertebrates were dominant on larger reefs with kelp, where intermediate densities of kelp supported the highest abundance of foliose algae. We postulate that benthic light was the most important factor positively influencing turf cover, which in turn suppressed foliose algae. Adverse effects of light and sediment deposition best explained the cover of invertebrates. Contrary to expectation, understorey species had little effect on the density of E. radiata recruits, which instead was strongly correlated with the abundance of transplanted kelp on each reef. These results highlight the capacity of E. radiata to influence major functional groups within the sub-canopy via abiotic ecosystem engineering and through control of turfs and indicate that the negative effect of understorey algae on kelp recruitment may be context specific.

Published
2019

274. Mutation in protein disulfide isomerase A3 causes neurodevelopmental defects by disturbing endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis

Author

Danilo Bilches Medinas, Sajid Malik, Esra Yıldız‐Bölükbaşı, Janina Borgonovo, Mirva J Saaranen, Hery Urra, Eduardo Pulgar, Muhammad Afzal, Darwin Contreras, Madison T Wright, Felipe Bodaleo, Gabriel Quiroz, Pablo Rozas, Sara Mumtaz, Rodrigo Díaz, Carlos Rozas, Felipe Cabral‐Miranda, Ricardo Piña, Vicente Valenzuela, Ozgun Uyan, Christopher Reardon, Ute Woehlbier, Robert H Brown, Miguel Sena‐Esteves, Christian Gonzalez‐Billault, Bernardo Morales, Lars Plate, Lloyd W Ruddock, Miguel L Concha, Claudio Hetz, and Aslıhan Tolun

Subjects
Adult, Male, Integrins, actin cytoskeleton, Adolescent, Developmental Disabilities, Neuronal Outgrowth, Mutation, Missense, Protein Disulfide-Isomerases, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Hippocampus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Humans, Child, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Cytoskeleton, Zebrafish, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Neuronal Plasticity, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, cell adhesion, Articles, protein disulfide isomerase, Axons, Pedigree, Mice, Inbred C57BL, intellectual disability, integrins, Proteostasis, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Recessive gene mutations underlie many developmental disorders and often lead to disabling neurological problems. Here, we report identification of a homozygous c.170G>A (p.Cys57Tyr or C57Y) mutation in the gene coding for protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3, also known as ERp57), an enzyme that catalyzes formation of disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum, to be associated with syndromic intellectual disability. Experiments in zebrafish embryos show that PDIA3C57Y expression is pathogenic and causes developmental defects such as axonal disorganization as well as skeletal abnormalities. Expression of PDIA3C57Y in the mouse hippocampus results in impaired synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Proteomic and functional analyses reveal that PDIA3C57Y expression leads to dysregulation of cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, associated with altered integrin biogenesis and reduced neuritogenesis. Biochemical studies show that PDIA3C57Y has decreased catalytic activity and forms disulfide-crosslinked aggregates that abnormally interact with chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, rare disease gene variant can provide insight into how perturbations of neuronal proteostasis can affect the function of the nervous system.

Published
2021

275. The California Legacy Survey III. On The Shoulders of (Some) Giants: The Relationship between Inner Small Planets and Outer Massive Planets

Author

Lee J. Rosenthal, Heather A. Knutson, Yayaati Chachan, Fei Dai, Andrew W. Howard, Benjamin J. Fulton, Ashley Chontos, Justin R. Crepp, Paul A. Dalba, Gregory W. Henry, Stephen R. Kane, Erik A. Petigura, Lauren M. Weiss, and Jason T. Wright

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We use a high-precision radial velocity survey of FGKM stars to study the conditional occurrence of two classes of planets: close-in small planets (0.023--1 au, 2--30 Earth masses) and distant giant planets (0.23--10 au, 30--6000 Earth masses). We find that $41^{+15}_{-13}\%$ of systems with a close-in, small planet also host an outer giant, compared to $17.6^{+2.4}_{-1.9}\%$ for stars irrespective of small planet presence. This implies that small planet hosts may be enhanced in outer giant occurrence compared to all stars with $1.7\sigma$ significance. Conversely, we estimate that $42^{+17}_{-13}\%$ of cold giant hosts also host an inner small planet, compared to $27.6^{+5.8}_{-4.8}\%$ of stars irrespective of cold giant presence. We also find that more massive and close-in giant planets are not associated with small inner planets. Specifically, our sample indicates that small planets are less likely to host outer giant companions more massive than approximately 120 Earth masses and within 0.3--3 au than to host less massive or more distant giant companions, with $\sim$2.2$\sigma$ confidence. This implies that massive gas giants within 0.3--3 au may suppress inner small planet formation. Additionally, we compare the host-star metallicity distributions for systems with only small planets and those with both small planets and cold giants. In agreement with previous studies, we find that stars in our survey that only host small planets have a metallicity distribution that is consistent with the broader solar-metallicity-median sample, while stars that host both small planets and gas giants are distinctly metal-rich with $\sim$2.3$\sigma$ confidence., Comment: Reposted on arxiv after journal acceptance and alterations in response to reviewer comments

Published
2021

284. Proceedings From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workshop to Control Hypertension

Author

Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Fleetwood Loustalot, Cheryl Dennison Himmelfarb, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Vandana Sachdev, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Steven B Clauser, Deborah J Cohen, Brent M Egan, A Mark Fendrick, Keith C Ferdinand, Cliff Goodman, Garth N Graham, Marc G Jaffe, Harlan M Krumholz, Phillip D Levy, Glen P Mays, Robert McNellis, Paul Muntner, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Richard V Milani, Linnea A Polgreen, Lonny Reisman, Eduardo J Sanchez, Laurence S Sperling, Hilary K Wall, Lori Whitten, Jackson T Wright, Janet S Wright, and Lawrence J Fine

Subjects
Adult, Hypertension, Internal Medicine, Humans, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Determination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.), United States
Abstract

Hypertension treatment and control prevent more cardiovascular events than management of other modifiable risk factors. Although the age-adjusted proportion of US adults with controlled blood pressure (BP) defined as

Published
2021

285. Noble gas signatures constrain oil-field water as the carrier phase of hydrocarbons occurring in shallow aquifers in the San Joaquin Basin, USA

Author

Justin T. Kulongoski, R.L. Tyne, Peter H. Barry, Michael T. Wright, Chris J. Ballentine, Rūta Karolytė, Andrew G. Hunt, Peter B. McMahon, and Tracy A. Davis

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geochemistry, Noble gas, Geology, Aquifer, Produced water, Methane, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrocarbon, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Meteoric water, Oil field, Groundwater
Abstract

Noble gases record fluid interactions in multiphase subsurface environments through fractionation processes during fluid equilibration. Water in the presence of hydrocarbons at the subsurface acquires a distinct elemental signature due to the difference in solubility between these two fluids. We find the atmospheric noble gas signature in produced water is partially preserved after hydrocarbons production and water disposal to unlined ponds at the surface. This signature is distinct from meteoric water and can be used to trace oil-field water seepage into groundwater aquifers. We analyse groundwater (n = 30) and fluid disposal pond (n = 2) samples from areas overlying or adjacent to the Fruitvale, Lost Hills, and South Belridge Oil Fields in the San Joaquin Basin, California, USA. Methane (2.8 × 10−7 to 3 × 10−2 cm3 STP/cm3) was detected in 27 of 30 groundwater samples. Using atmospheric noble gas signatures, the presence of oil-field water was identified in 3 samples, which had equilibrated with thermogenic hydrocarbons in the reservoir. Two (of the three) samples also had a shallow microbial methane component, acquired when produced water was deposited in a disposal pond at the surface. An additional 6 samples contained benzene and toluene, indicative of interaction with oil-field water; however, the noble gas signatures of these samples are not anomalous. Based on low tritium and 14C contents (≤ 0.3 TU and 0.87–6.9 pcm, respectively), the source of oil-field water is likely deep, which could include both anthropogenic and natural processes. Incorporating noble gas analytical techniques into the groundwater monitoring programme allows us to 1) differentiate between thermogenic and microbial hydrocarbon gas sources in instances when methane isotope data are unavailable, 2) identify the carrier phase of oil-field constituents in the aquifer (gas, oil-field water, or a combination), and 3) differentiate between leakage from a surface source (disposal ponds) and from the hydrocarbon reservoir (either along natural or anthropogenic pathways such as faulty wells).

Published
2021

286. Measurement of the charge asymmetry of electrons from the decays of W bosons produced in pp¯ collisions at s=1.96 TeV

Author

M. Kurata, Andrew Ivanov, Daniela Bortoletto, P. E. Karchin, A. Castro, V. Thukral, D. Goldin, G. Piacentino, M. Kambeitz, J. Keung, A. Mukherjee, Pavol Bartos, G. Manca, T. A. Schwarz, Monica D'Onofrio, M. Rescigno, Justin Pilot, Rainer Wallny, Mario Campanelli, V. V. Glagolev, H. Gerberich, G. Chlachidze, B. Auerbach, S. Donati, R. F. Harr, K. R. Bland, Kenichi Hatakeyama, D. Tonelli, T. Yang, Y. C. Yang, C. Paus, M. Franklin, Chris Hays, A. Semenov, Mark Kruse, Alison Lister, C. Plager, J. Nett, Stefano Giagu, J. D. Lewis, Hirokazu Miyake, S. Amerio, Alberto Annovi, T. Tomura, Jian Tang, P. Garosi, I. Redondo Fernández, O. Norniella, R. Vilar, C. M. Ginsburg, J. E. Kim, S. H. Kim, K. K. Joo, Scott Wilbur, Nicola D'Ascenzo, J. A. Appel, M. J. Shochet, A. Hocker, J. S. Conway, M. Iori, C. Pagliarone, T. Rodriguez, Javier Cuevas, Hong Ye Song, A. Simonenko, G. Pauletta, V. A. Giakoumopoulou, Virgil E Barnes, G. Volpi, Gervasio Gomez, D. W. Jang, V. Papadimitriou, J. C. Freeman, P. F. Shepard, S. H. Oh, P. J. Bussey, D. Waters, B. Di Ruzza, A. Ruiz, Adrian Buzatu, Y. Nagai, D. J. Cox, C. Galloni, T. Nigmanov, M. Gold, Koji Yamamoto, Ulrich Husemann, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, N. Moggi, P. K. Teng, Matthew Jones, D. Yamato, A. Savoy-Navarro, Yuji Sudo, Andrew Beretvas, Giuseppe Latino, D. Mietlicki, Jonathan L. Rosner, T. Miao, D. Chokheli, G. Punzi, Itsuo Nakano, I. Yu, Alan Garfinkel, Marcelo Vogel, Fabrizio Margaroli, J. R. Smith, P. Schlabach, P. Totaro, B. Jayatilaka, Henry J. Frisch, K. Gibson, Matteo Cremonesi, Fumihiko Ukegawa, Xin Wu, Th. Müller, K. Sliwa, J. N. Bellinger, Y. D. Oh, G. Flanagan, D. Torretta, Viviana Cavaliere, T. Wright, T. Aaltonen, L. Ristori, Y. Takeuchi, W.F. Badgett, Peter Wagner, W. Ashmanskas, S. Lockwitz, Sudhir Malik, M. Vidal, Marco Trovato, H. S. Budd, W. Parker, L. Brigliadori, Keunchang Cho, A. Elagin, A. Bocci, Jay Dittmann, Stephan Lammel, E. J. Jeon, T. Kuhr, F. Canelli, K. Takemasa, V. Saveliev, S. Moed, Kiminori Kondo, M. J. Kim, M. M. Deninno, D. H. Kim, A. Loginov, A. B. Wicklund, Erik Brücken, E. E. Schmidt, A. Cerri, D. Stentz, H. S. Kim, W. Ketchum, E. Thomson, J. Antos, Prabhakar Palni, C. Mesropian, S. Y. Noh, Kazuhiko Hara, S. Carrillo, E. Gramellini, Giovanni Bellettini, M. E. Mattson, S. R. Hahn, E. Palencia, F. Vázquez, A. Di Canto, Maxim Goncharov, J. Asaadi, E. James, Naoki Kimura, A. Kasmi, V. Vecchio, L. Demortier, O. Gonzalez Lopez, S. Leo, A. Mazzacane, J. Vizán, Luca Scodellaro, V. Rusu, M. Lancaster, S. Torre, Fedor Prokoshin, Sandra Leone, A. R. Clark, P. Giromini, Koji Sato, Anna Zanetti, Chen Zhou, J. Lueck, Peter Wittich, P. B. Renton, M. Mussini, Stefano Camarda, T. Harrington-Taber, Y. Zeng, K. Matera, T. Okusawa, L. Pondrom, S. Z. Shalhout, A. Mitra, W. C. Wester, R. Forrest, Y. Seiya, R. McNulty, M. Hare, A. Sukhanov, Sally Seidel, Federico Sforza, Manfred Paulini, G.V. Velev, D. Cruz, W. K. Sakumoto, M. H. Kirby, Elisabetta Pianori, Jane Nachtman, S. Wolbers, A. Pranko, Kevin Burkett, M. Tecchio, James Russ, Kohei Yorita, Stefano Zucchelli, Maxwell Chertok, Caterina Vernieri, Kai Yi, J. Huston, Luigi Marchese, H. Wolfmeister, Y. Sakurai, Michal Kreps, C. Grosso-Pilcher, Y. K. Kim, D. Lucchesi, J. Lys, R. Roser, Ryan Christopher Edgar, P. Murat, T. Liu, M. Shimojima, Fabrizio Scuri, A. Driutti, John Strologas, Lucio Cerrito, L. Nodulman, P. Marino, F. Devoto, Ziqing Hong, Roger Moore, Paul Wilson, Duncan Carlsmith, F. Ptohos, H. H. Williams, Q. Liu, L. B. Oakes, M. J. Morello, F. D. Snider, R. St. Denis, K. Ebina, A. Boveia, J. Y. Han, J. Boudreau, G. P. Yeh, G. Introzzi, A. Robson, R. Orava, A. Anastassov, Christopher Clarke, Walter Hopkins, G. Lungu, A. Napier, Rodolfo Carosi, S. M. Wang, A. T. Laasanen, C. A. Cox, T. Bae, R. D. Field, K. Potamianos, A. Artikov, F. Azfar, Tomoko Yoshida, Sergo Jindariani, U. K. Yang, T. J. Phillips, S. B. Kim, J. S. H. Lee, A. Isgrò, J. Kroll, R. Culbertson, F. Happacher, Matthew Herndon, Andrea Di Luca, J. Budagov, A. Bhatti, S. Rolli, Benjamin Kilminster, Barry Blumenfeld, Roman Lysak, I. Suslov, Sinead Farrington, S. Uozumi, K. Goulianos, Manfredi Ronzani, Aristotle Calamba, S. Poprocki, D. J. Kong, C. Vellidis, J. P. Fernández Ramos, P. de Barbaro, B. Carls, V. Sorin, Franco Bedeschi, P. Lukens, A. Bodek, D. Toback, M. Stancari, Yongsun Kim, A. Golossanov, M. Corbo, Y. C. Chen, S. Tokar, L. Santi, Giorgio Chiarelli, Emanuele Michielin, Mahmoud I. Hussein, Patrizia Barria, B. A. Barnett, T. R. Junk, Teruki Kamon, P. Mazzanti, Bruno Casal, D. Cauz, P. Mehtala, E. Gerchtein, J. Yoh, S. Y. Jun, Matteo Bauce, Antonio Limosani, Robin Erbacher, M. Datta, W-M. Yao, A. T. Goshaw, C. S. Moon, M. Cordelli, G. Busetto, Brian L Winer, D. Glenzinski, S. R. Hou, S. Errede, R. Madrak, J. Naganoma, Giorgio Apollinari, F. Rimondi, Tetsuo Arisawa, B. Esham, D. P. Benjamin, Joachim Heinrich, A. K. Mehta, G. B. Yu, S. Behari, Y. Funakoshi, Y. Kato, J. Guimaraes Da Costa, K. T. Pitts, I. V. Gorelov, Zhenbin Wu, K. Tollefson, Pierfrancesco Butti, A. V. Kotwal, I. Shreyber-Tecker, D. Amidei, Jacobo Konigsberg, Elliot Lipeles, R. E. Hughes, Daniel Whiteson, F. Ruffini, A. Aurisano, J. S. Wilson, N. Giokaris, J. Thom, Kevin Lannon, M. D'Errico, M. E. Convery, Guillelmo Gomez-Ceballos, L. Ortolan, Paul Lujan, Massimo Casarsa, M. Dorigo, P. Catastini, C. Bromberg, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, T. G. Shears, H. S. Lee, and Paolo Maestro

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Tevatron, Parton, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, law.invention, law, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider, Collider Detector at Fermilab, media_common
Abstract

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton ($p\bar{p}$) collider, high-mass electron-neutrino ($e\nu$) pairs are produced predominantly in the process $p \bar{p} \rightarrow W(\rightarrow e\nu) + X$. The asymmetry of the electron and positron yield as a function of their pseudorapidity constrain the slope of the ratio of the $u$- to $d$-quark parton distributions versus the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the quarks. This paper reports on the measurement of the electron-charge asymmetry using the full data set recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in 2001--2011 and corresponding to 9.1~fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The measurement significantly improves the precision of the Tevatron constraints on the parton-distribution functions of the proton. Numerical tables of the measurement are provided.

Published
2021

287. A transcriptional relationship with a natural product disrupts mitochondrial biogenesis

Author

Aaron T. Wright

Subjects
Pharmacology, Biological Products, Natural product, Organelle Biogenesis, Clinical Biochemistry, Cell, Chemical biology, Biology, Limonoid, Biochemistry, Article, Cell biology, Mitochondria, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mitochondrial biogenesis, chemistry, Drug Discovery, medicine, Molecular Medicine, Humans, Target gene, Molecular Biology, Melanoma, medicine.drug
Abstract

Three limonoid natural products with selective anti-proliferative activity against BRAF(V600E) and NRAS(Q61K)-mutation dependent melanoma cell lines were identified. Differential transcriptome analysis revealed dependency of compound activity on expression of the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 oxidase CYP27A1, a transcriptional target of MITF. We determined that CYP27A1 activity is necessary for the generation of a reactive metabolite that proceeds to inhibit cellular proliferation. A genome-wide siRNA screen in combination with chemical proteomics experiments revealed gene–drug functional epistasis, suggesting that these compounds target mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibit tumor bioenergetics through a covalent mechanism. Our work suggests a strategy for melanoma specific targeting by exploiting the expression of MITF target gene CYP27A1 and inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in BRAF mutant melanomas.

Published
2021

288. Epilogue

Author

Ronald Herms, John R. Levison, and Archie T. Wright

Published
2021

289. What COVID‐19 has taught us about social inequities and the urgent need for systemic change

Author

Gowri Nanayakkara, C. Keys, C. Onyejekwe, T. Wright, and Rajeeb Kumar Sah

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), media_common.quotation_subject, State of affairs, Politics, COVID‐19, Political science, Health care, Pandemic, health inequities, political ideology, Humans, Social inequality, Everyday life, Pandemics, General Nursing, media_common, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Public relations, marginalized groups, Nursing and Health Policy Perspective, Ideology, business
Abstract

This paper critically comments on the state of affairs in the UK relating to the pandemic and explores how a focus on inequities experienced by marginalized and vulnerable groups is necessary for exposing the material realties of everyday life, but also how such a focus has been hijacked by center right politics to distract us from collective responsibilities and building alliances for systemic change. The paper critically reviews the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the most marginalized and vulnerable in UK society and highlights the interconnected risk factors of COVID‐19 and its secondary impacts to demonstrate how these are linked to political ideology, policy, and practice. We conclude with recommendations informed through a looking back at the key tenants and purposes of universal healthcare to apprise what is needed in this moment of crisis and beyond.

Published
2021

290. Kidney Disease, Hypertension Treatment, and Cerebral Perfusion and Structure

Author

Manjula Kurella Tamura, Sarah Gaussoin, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Greg Zaharchuk, Barry I. Freedman, Stephen R. Rapp, Alexander P. Auchus, William E. Haley, Suzanne Oparil, Jessica Kendrick, Christianne L. Roumie, Srinivasan Beddhu, Alfred K. Cheung, Jeff D. Williamson, John A. Detre, Sudipto Dolui, R. Nick Bryan, Ilya M. Nasrallah, Paul Whelton, Karen C. Johnson, Joni Snyder, Diane Bild, Denise Bonds, Nakela Cook, Jeffrey Cutler, Lawrence Fine, Peter Kaufmann, Paul Kimmel, Lenore Launer, Claudia Moy, William Riley, Laurie Ryan, Eser Tolunay, Song Yang, David Reboussin, Jeff Williamson, Walter T. Ambrosius, William Applegate, Greg Evans, Capri Foy, Dalane Kitzman, Mary Lyles, Nick Pajewski, Steve Rapp, Scott Rushing, Neel Shah, Kaycee M. Sink, Mara Vitolins, Lynne Wagenknecht, Valerie Wilson, Letitia Perdue, Nancy Woolard, Tim Craven, Katelyn Garcia, Laura Lovato, Jill Newman, James Lovato, Lingyi Lu, Chris McLouth, Greg Russell, Bobby Amoroso, Patty Davis, Jason Griffin, Darrin Harris, Mark King, Kathy Lane, Wes Roberson, Debbie Steinberg, Donna Ashford, Phyllis Babcock, Dana Chamberlain, Vickie Christensen, Loretta Cloud, Christy Collins, Delilah Cook, Katherine Currie, Debbie Felton, Stacy Harpe, Marjorie Howard, Michelle Lewis, Pamela Nance, Nicole Puccinelli-Ortega, Laurie Russell, Jennifer Walker, Brenda Craven, Candace Goode, Margie Troxler, Janet Davis, Sarah Hutchens, Anthony A. Killeen, Anna M. Lukkari, Robert Ringer, Brandi Dillard, Norbert Archibeque, Stuart Warren, Mike Sather, James Pontzer, Zach Taylor, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Zhu-Ming Zhang, Yabing Li, Chuck Campbell, Susan Hensley, Julie Hu, Lisa Keasler, Mary Barr, Tonya Taylor, Christos Davatzikos, Ilya Nasarallah, Lisa Desiderio, Mark Elliott, Ari Borthakur, Harsha Battapady, Guray Erus, Alex Smith, Ze Wang, Jimit Doshi, Jackson T. Wright, Mahboob Rahman, Alan J. Lerner, Carolyn Still, Alan Wiggers, Sara Zamanian, Alberta Bee, Renee Dancie, George Thomas, Martin Schreiber, Sankar Dass Navaneethan, John Hickner, Michael Lioudis, Michelle Lard, Susan Marczewski, Jennifer Maraschky, Martha Colman, Andrea Aaby, Stacey Payne, Melanie Ramos, Carol Horner, Paul Drawz, Pratibha P. Raghavendra, Scott Ober, Ronda Mourad, Muralidhar Pallaki, Peter Russo, Pratibha Raghavendra, Pual Fantauzzo, Lisa Tucker, Bill Schwing, John R. Sedor, Edward J. Horwitz, Jeffrey R. Schellling, John F. O’Toole, Lisa Humbert, Wendy Tutolo, Suzanne White, Alishea Gay, Walter Clark, Robin Hughes, Mirela Dobre, Carolyn H. Still, Monique Williams, Udayan Bhatt, Lee Hebert, Anil Agarwal, Melissa Brown Murphy, Nicole Ford, Cynthia Stratton, Jody Baxter, Alicia A. Lykins, Alison McKinley Neal Leena Hirmath, Osei Kwame, Kyaw Soe, William F. Miser, Colleen Sagrilla, Jan Johnston, Amber Anaya, Ashley Mintos, Angel A. Howell, Kelly Rogers, Sara Taylor, Donald Ebersbacher, Lucy Long, Beth Bednarchik, Adrian Schnall, Jonathan Smith, Lori Peysha, Lisa Leach, Megan Tribout, Carla Harwell, Pinkie Ellington, Mary Ann Banerji, Pranav Ghody, Melissa Vahídeh Rambaud, Raymond Townsend, Debbie Cohen, Yonghong Huan, Mark Duckworth, Virginia Ford, Juliet Leshner, Ann Davison, Sarah Vander Veen, Crystal A. Gadegbeku, Avi Gillespie, Anuradha Paranjape, Sandra Amoroso, Zoe Pfeffer, Sally B. Quinn, Jiang He, Jing Chen, Eva Lustigova, Erin Malone, Marie Krousel-Wood, Richard Deichmann, Patricia Ronney, Susan Muery, Donnalee Trapani, Michael Rocco, David Goff, Carlos Rodriguez, Laura Coker, Amret Hawfield, Joseph Yeboah, Lenore Crago, John Summerson, Anita Hege, Matt Diamond, Laura Mulloy, Marcela Hodges, Michelle Collins, Charlene Weathers, Heather Anderson, Emily Stone, Walida Walker, Andrew McWilliams, Michael Dulin, Lindsay Kuhn, Susan Standridge, Lindsay Lowe, Kelly Everett, Kelry Preston, Susan Norton, Silena Gaines, Ali A. Rizvi, Andrew W. Sides, Diamond Herbert, Matthew M. Hix, Melanie Whitmire, Brittany Arnold, Philip Hutchinson, Joseph Espiritu, Mark Feinglos, Eugene Kovalik, Georgianne Gedon-Lipscomb, Kathryn Evans, Connie Thacker, Ronna Zimmer, Mary Furst, MaryAnn Mason, James Powell, Paul Bolin, Junhong Zhang, Mary Pinion, Gail Davis, Winifred Bryant, Presley Phelps, Connie Garris-Sutton, Beatrice Atkinson, Gabriele Contreras, Maritza Suarez, Ivonne Schulman, Don Koggan, Jackie Vassallo, Gloria Peruyera, Sheri Whittington, Cassandra Bethea, Laura Gilliam, Carolyn Pedley, Geraldine Zurek, Miriam Baird, Charles Herring, Mary Martha Smoak, Julie Williams, Samantha Rogers, Lindsay Gordon, Erin Kennedy, Beverly Belle, Jessica McCorkle-Doomy, Jonathan Adams, Ramon Lopez, Juris Janavs, Frederic Rahbari-Oskoui, Arlene Chapman, Allen Dollar, Olubunmi Williams, Yoosun Han, William Haley, Peter Fitzpatrick, Joseph Blackshear, Brian Shapiro, Anna Harrell, Arta Palaj, Katelyn Henderson, Ashley Johnson, Heath Gonzalez, Jermaine Robinson, Leonardo Tamariz, Jennifer Denizard, Rody Barakat, Dhurga Krishnamoorthy, Frank Greenway, Ron Monce, Timothy Church, Chelsea Hendrick, Aimee Yoches, Leighanne Sones, Markee Baltazar, Priscilla Pemu, Connie Jones, Derrick Akpalu, Gordon Chelune, Jeffrey Childs, Lisa Gren, Anne Randall, Laura Dember, Denise Soares, Jerry Yee, Kausik Umanath, Naima Ogletree, Schawana Thaxton, Karen Campana, Dayna Sheldon, Krista MacArthur, J. Brent Muhlestein, Nathan Allred, Brian Clements, Ritesh Dhar, Kent Meredith, Viet Le, Edward Miner, James Orford, Erik R. Riessen, Becca Ballantyne, Ben Chisum, Kevin Johnson, Dixie Peeler, Glenn Chertow, Manju Tamura, Tara Chang, Kevin Erickson, Jenny Shen, Randall S. Stafford, Gregory Zaharchuk, Margareth Del Cid, Michelle Dentinger, Jennifer Sabino, Rukmani Sahay, Ekaterina Telminova, Daniel E. Weiner, Mark Sarnak, Lily Chan, Amanda Civiletto, Alyson Heath, Amy Kantor, Priyanka Jain, Bethany Kirkpatrick, Andrew Well, Barry Yuen, Michel Chonchol, Beverly Farmer, Heather Farmer, Carol Greenwald, Mikaela Malaczewski, James Lash, Anna Porter, Ana Ricardo, Robert T. Rosman, Janet Cohan, Nieves Lopez Barrera, Daniel Meslar, Patricia Meslar, Margaret Conroy, Mark Unruh, Rachel Hess, Manisha Jhamb, Holly Thomas, Pam Fazio, Elle Klixbull, Melissa Komlos-Weimer, LeeAnne Mandich, Tina Vita, Robert Toto, Peter Van Buren, Julia Inrig, Martha Cruz, Tammy Lightfoot, Nancy Wang, Lori Webster, Kalani Raphael, Barry Stults, Tahir Zaman, Debra Simmons, Tooran Lavasani, Rebecca Filipowicz, Guo Wei, Gracie Mary Miller, Jenice Harerra, Jeff Christensen, Ajay Giri, Xiaorui Chen, Natalie Anderton, Arianna Jensen, Julia Lewis, Anna Burgner, Jamie P. Dwyer, Gerald Schulman, Terri Herrud, Ewanda Leavell, Tiffany McCray, Edwina McNeil-Simaan, Munmun Poudel, Malia Reed, Mohammed Sika, Delia Woods, Janice L. Zirkenbach, Dominic S. Raj, Scott Cohen, Samir Patel, Manuel Velasquez, Roshni S. Bastian, Maria Wing, Akshay Roy-Chaudhury, Thomas Depner, Lorien Dalyrymple, George Kaysen, Susan Anderson, John Nord, Joachim H. Ix, Leonard Goldenstein, Cynthia M. Miracle, Nketi Forbang, Maja Mircic, Brenda Thomas, Tiffany Tran, Anjay Rastogi, Mihae Kim, Mohamad Rashid, Bianca Lizarraga, Amy Hocza, Kristine Sarmosyan, Jason Norris, Tushar Sharma, Amanda Chioy, Eric Bernard, Eleanore Cabrera, Christina Lopez, Susana Nunez, Joseph Riad, Suzanne Schweitzer, Siran Sirop, Sarah Thomas, Lauren Wada, Holly Kramer, Vinod Bansal, Corliss E. Taylor, Mark S. Segal, Karen L. Hall, Amir Kazory, Lesa Gilbert, Linda Owens, Danielle Poulton, Elaine Whidden, Jocelyn Wiggins, Caroline Blaum, Linda Nyquist, Lillian Min, Tanya Gure, Ruth Lewis, Jennifer Mawby, Eileen Robinson, Cora E. Lewis, Virginia Bradley, David Calhoun, Stephen Glasser, Kim Jenkins, Tom Ramsey, Nauman Qureshi, Karen Ferguson, Sumrah Haider, Mandy James, Christy Jones, Kim Renfroe, April Seay, Carrie Weigart, Denyse Thornley-Brown, Dana Rizik, Bari Cotton, Meredith Fitz-Gerald, Tiffany Grimes, Carolyn Johnson, Sara Kennedy, Chanel Mason, Lesa Rosato-Burson, Robin Willingham, Eric Judd, Tonya Breaux-Shropshire, Felice Cook, Julia Medina, Lama Ghazi, Hemal Bhatt, James Lewis, Roman Brantley, John Brouilette, Jeffrey Glaze, Stephanie Hall, Nancy Hiott, David Tharpe, Spencer Boddy, Catherine Mack, Catherine Womack, Keiko Asao, Beate Griffin, Carol Hendrix, Karen Johnson, Lisa Jones, Chelsea Towers, Henry Punzi, Kathy Cassidy, Kristin Schumacher, Carmen Irizarry, Ilma Colon, Pedro Colon-Ortiz, Pedro J. Colón-Hernández, Orlando J. Carrasquillo-Navarro, Merari Carrasquillo, Nivea Vazquez, Miguel Sosa-Padilla, Alex Cintron-Pinero, Mayra Ayala, Olga Pacheco, Catalina Rivera, Irma Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Jamie Claudio, Jose Lazaro, Migdalia Arce, Lourdes Heres, Alba Perez, Jose Tavarez-Valle, Ferlinda Arocho, Mercedes Torres, Melvaliz Vazquez, Gerard P. Aurigemma, Rebecca Takis-Smith, Julia Andrieni, Noelle Bodkin, Kiran Chaudhary, Paula Hu, John Kostis, Nora Cosgrove, Denise Bankowski, Monica Boleyn, Laurie Casazza, Victoria Giresi, Tosha Patel, Erin Squindo, Yan Wu, Zeb Henson, Marion Wofford, Jessica Lowery, Deborah Minor, Kimberley Harkins, Alexander Auchus, Michael Flessner, Cathy Adair, Jordan Asher, Debbie Loope, Rita Cobb, Reiner Venegas, Thomas Bigger, Natalie Bello, Shunichi Homma, Daniel Donovan, Carlos Lopez-Jimenez, Amilcar Tirado, Asqual Getaneh, Rocky Tang, Sabrina Durant, Mathew Maurer, Sergio Teruya, Stephen Helmke, Julissa Alvarez, Ruth Campbell, Roberto Pisoni, Rachel Sturdivant, Deborah Brooks, Caroline Counts, Vickie Hunt, Lori Spillers, Donald Brautigam, Timothy Kitchen, Timothy Gorman, Jessica Sayers, Sarah Button, June Chiarot, Rosemary Fischer, Melissa Lyon, Maria Resnick, Nicole Hodges, Jennifer Ferreira, William Cushman, Barry Wall, Linda Nichols, Robert Burns, Jennifer Martindale-Adams, Dan Berlowitz, Elizabeth Clark, Sandy Walsh, Terry Geraci, Carol Huff, Linda Shaw, Karen Servilla, Darlene Vigil, Terry Barrett, Mary Ellen Sweeney, Rebecca Johnson, Susan McConnell, Khadijeh Shahid Salles, Francoise Watson, Cheryl Schenk, Laura Whittington, Maxine Maher, Jonathan Williams, Stephen Swartz, Paul Conlin, George Alexis, Rebecca Lamkin, Patti Underwood, Helen Gomes, Clive Rosendorff, Stephen Atlas, Saadat Khan, Waddy Gonzalez, Samih Barcham, Lawrence Kwon, Matar Matar, Anwar Adhami, Jan Basile, Joseph John, Deborah Ham, Hadi Baig, Mohammed Saklayen, Jason Yap, Helen Neff, Carol Miller, Ling Zheng-Phelan, Saib Gappy, Shiva Rau, Arathi Raman, Vicki Berchou, Elizabeth Jones, Erin Olgren, Cynthia Marbury, Michael Yudd, Sithiporn Sastrasinh, Jennine Michaud, Jessica Fiore, Marianne Kutza, Ronald Shorr, Rattana Mount, Helen Dunn, Susan Stinson, Jessica Hunter, Addison Taylor, Jeffery Bates, Catherine Anderson, Kent Kirchner, Jodi Stubbs, Ardell Hinton, Anita Spencer, Santosh Sharma, Thomas Wiegmann, Smita Mehta, Michelle Krause, Kate Dishongh, Richard Childress, Geeta Gyamlani, Atossa Niakan, Cathy Thompson, Janelle Moody, Carolyn Gresham, Jeffrey Whittle, Gary Barnas, Dawn Wolfgram, Heidi Cortese, Jonette Johnson, Christianne Roumie, Adriana Hung, Jennifer Wharton, Kurt Niesner, Lois Katz, Elizabeth Richardson, George Brock, Joanne Holland, Troy Dixon, Athena Zias, Christine Spiller, Penelope Baker, James Felicetta, Shakaib Rehman, Kelli Bingham, Suzanne Watnick, David Cohen, Jessica Weiss, Tera Johnston, Stephen Giddings, Hala Yamout, Andrew Klein, Caroline Rowe, Kristin Vargo, Kristi Waidmann, Vasilios Papademetriou, Jean Pierre Elkhoury, Barbara Gregory, Susan Amodeo, Mary Bloom, Dalia Goldfarb-Waysman, Richard Treger, Mehran Kashefi, Christina Huang, Karen Knibloe, Areef Ishani, Yelena Slinin, Christine Olney, Jacqueline Rust, Paolo Fanti, Christopher Dyer, Shweta Bansal, Monica Dunnam, Lih-Lan Hu, and Perla Zarate-Abbott

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Renal function, Perfusion scanning, Blood Pressure, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cerebral perfusion pressure, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Creatinine, business.industry, medicine.disease, Perfusion, Blood pressure, chemistry, Cerebral blood flow, Nephrology, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Hypertension, Albuminuria, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Kidney disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: The safety of intensive blood pressure (BP) targets is controversial for persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied the effects of hypertension treatment on cerebral perfusion and structure in those with and without CKD. STUDY DESIGN: Neuroimaging substudy of a randomized trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: A subset of participants in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial who underwent brain MRI studies. Presence of baseline CKD was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to intensive (systolic BP 30 mg/g (N=151), the effects of intensive versus standard BP treatment on change in global cerebral blood flow, WMLs and total brain volume were 1.91 ml/100g/min (95% CI −3.01, 6.82), 0.003 cm(3) (asinh transformed, 95% CI −0.13, 0.13), and −7.0 cm(3) (95% CI −13.3, −0.3), respectively. The overall treatment effects on cerebral blood flow and total brain volume were not modified by baseline eGFR or UACR; however the effect on WMLs was attenuated in participants with albuminuria (interaction p-value 0.04). LIMITATIONS: Measurement variability due to multi-site design. CONCLUSIONS: Among hypertensive adults with primarily early kidney disease, intensive versus standard blood pressure treatment did not appear to have a detrimental effect on brain perfusion or structure. The findings support the safety of intensive blood pressure treatment targets on brain health in persons with early kidney disease. FUNDING: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial was funded by the National Institutes of Health (including the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Institute on Aging, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke), and this substudy was funded by the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: SPRINT was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the study number NCT01206062.

Published
2021

291. Stellar Gravitational Lens Engineering for Interstellar Communication and Artifact SETI

Author

Stephen Kerby and Jason T. Wright

Subjects
Physics, Extraterrestrial intelligence, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Planetary system, Physics - Popular Physics, law.invention, Telescope, Gravitation, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, law, Planet, Interstellar communication, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Search for extraterrestrial intelligence, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Computer Science::Information Theory
Abstract

Several recent works have proposed "stellar relay" transmission systems in which a spacecraft at the focus of a star's gravitational lens achieves dramatic boosts in the gain of an outgoing or incoming interstellar transmission. We examine some of the engineering requirements of a stellar relay system, evaluate the long-term sustainability of a gravitational relay, and describe the perturbations and drifts that must be actively countered to maintain a relay-star-target alignment. The major perturbations on a relay-Sun-target alignment are the inwards gravity of the Sun and the reflex motion of the Sun imparted by the planets. These approx. m/s/yr accelerations can be countered with modern propulsion systems over century-long timescales. This examination is also relevant for telescope designs aiming to use the Sun as a focusing element. We additionally examine prospects for an artifact SETI search to observe stellar relays placed around the Sun by an extraterrestrial intelligence and suggest certain nearby stars that are relatively unperturbed by planetary systems as favorable nodes for a stellar relay communications system., 13 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables; updated with proofing edits

Published
2021

293. Activity-based protein profiling identifies alternating activation of enzymes involved in the bifidobacterium shunt pathway or mucin degradation in the gut microbiome response to soluble dietary fiber

Author

Bryan J, Killinger, Christopher, Whidbey, Natalie C, Sadler, Adrian J, DeLeon, Nathalie, Munoz, Young-Mo, Kim, and Aaron T, Wright

Subjects
Dietary Fiber, Feces, Mice, Bacteria, Mucins, Animals, Bifidobacterium, Carrier Proteins, Sugars, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Abstract

While deprivation of dietary fiber has been associated with adverse health outcomes, investigations concerning the effect of dietary fiber on the gut microbiome have been largely limited to compositional sequence-based analyses or utilize a defined microbiota not native to the host. To extend understanding of the microbiome's functional response to dietary fiber deprivation beyond correlative evidence from sequence-based analyses, approaches capable of measuring functional enzymatic activity are needed. In this study, we use an activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) approach to identify sugar metabolizing and transport proteins in native mouse gut microbiomes that respond with differential activity to the deprivation or supplementation of the soluble dietary fibers inulin and pectin. We found that the microbiome of mice subjected to a high fiber diet high in soluble fiber had increased functional activity of multiple proteins, including glycoside hydrolases, polysaccharide lyases, and sugar transport proteins from diverse taxa. The results point to an increase in activity of the Bifidobacterium shunt metabolic pathway in the microbiome of mice fed high fiber diets. In those subjected to a low fiber diet, we identified a shift from the degradation of dietary fibers to that of gut mucins, in particular by the recently isolated taxon "Musculibacterium intestinale", which experienced dramatic growth in response to fiber deprivation. When combined with metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics analyses, our findings provide a functional investigation of dietary fiber metabolism in the gut microbiome and demonstrates the power of a combined ABPP-multiomics approach for characterizing the response of the gut microbiome to perturbations.

Published
2021

294. Exposure to an Environmental Mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Induces Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Mice

Author

Richard A. Corley, Aaron T. Wright, Kimberly J. Tyrrell, Subhasree Nag, Jordan N. Smith, Teresa Gibbins, Ethan G. Stoddard, Jude Martin, Kim A. Anderson, and Anil K. Shukla

Subjects
Proteomics, Proteome, Toxicology, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Detoxification, polycyclic compounds, Benzo(a)pyrene, Animals, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Hepatic cytochrome, Cytochrome P450, General Medicine, Metabolism, Enzyme, Biochemistry, chemistry, Liver, biology.protein, Microsomes, Liver, Pyrene, Female, Clearance rate, Drug metabolism
Abstract

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play an important role in bioactivating or detoxifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), common environmental contaminants. While it is widely accepted that exposure to PAHs induces CYPs, effectively increasing rates of xenobiotic metabolism, dose- and time-response patterns of CYP induction are not well known. In order to better understand dose- and time-response relationships of individual CYPs following induction, we exposed B6129SF1/J mice to single or repeated doses (2–180 μmol/kg/d) of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or Supermix-10, a mixture of the top 10 most abundant PAHs found at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site. In hepatic microsomes from exposed mice, we measured amounts of active CYPs using activity-based protein profiling and total CYP expression using global proteomics. We observed rapid Cyp1a1 induction after 6 hr at the lowest PAH exposures and broad induction of many CYPs after 3 daily PAH doses at 72 hr following the first dose. Using samples displaying Cyp1a1 induction, we observed significantly higher metabolic affinity for BaP metabolism (K(m) reduced 3-fold), 3-fold higher intrinsic clearance, but no changes to the V(max). Mice dosed with the highest PAH exposures exhibited 1.7 to 5-fold higher intrinsic clearance rates for BaP compared to controls and higher V(max) values indicating greater amounts of enzymes capable of metabolizing BaP. This study demonstrates exposure to PAHs found at Superfund Sites induces enzymes in dose- and time-dependent patterns in mice. Accounting for specific changes in enzyme profiles, and relative rates of PAH bioactivation and detoxification, and resulting risk will help translate internal dosimetry of animal models to humans and improve risk assessments of PAHs at Superfund sites.

Published
2021

300. Studying GPCR/cAMP pharmacology from the perspective of cellular structure

Author

Peter T Wright, Sophie eSchobesberger, and Julia eGorelik

Subjects
Caveolae, lipid rafts, GPCRs, cAMP, FRET sensors, Compartmentation, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Signal transduction via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) relies upon the production of cAMP and other signaling cascades. A given receptor and agonist pair, produce multiple effects upon cellular physiology which can be opposite in different cell types. The production of variable cellular effects via the signaling of the same GPCR in different cell types is a result of signal organization in space and time (compartmentation). This organization is usually based upon the physical and chemical properties of the membranes in which the GPCRs reside and the repertoire of downstream effectors and co-factors that are available at that location. In this review we explore mechanisms of GPCR signal compartmentation and broadly review the state-of-the-art methodologies which can be utilized to study them. We provide a clear rationale for a ‘localized’ approach to the study of the pharmacology and physiology of GPCRs and particularly the secondary messenger cAMP.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results