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Mining waste that is rich in iron-, calcium- and magnesium-bearing minerals can be a potential feedstock for sequestering CO

Rationale: The relationship between eczema, wheeze or asthma, and rhinitis is complex, and epidemiology and mechanisms of their comorbidities is unclear. Objectives: To investigate within-individual patterns of morbidity of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis from birth to adolescence/early adulthood. Methods: We investigated onset, progression, and resolution of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis using descriptive statistics, sequence mining, and latent Markov modeling in four population-based birth cohorts. We used logistic regression to ascertain if early-life eczema or wheeze, or genetic factors (filaggrin [FLG] mutations and 17q21 variants), increase the risk of multimorbidity. Measurements and Main Results: Single conditions, although the most prevalent, were observed significantly less frequently than by chance. There was considerable variation in the timing of onset/remission/persistence/intermittence. Multimorbidity of eczema1wheeze1rhinitis was rare but significantly overrepresented (three to six times more often than by chance). Although infantile eczema was associated with subsequent multimorbidity, most children with eczema (75.4%) did not progress to any multimorbidity pattern. FLG mutations and rs7216389 were not associated with persistence of eczema/wheeze as single conditions, but both increased the risk of multimorbidity (FLG by 2- to 3-fold, rs7216389 risk variant by 1.4- to 1.7-fold). Latent Markov modeling revealed five latent states (no disease/low risk, mainly eczema, mainly wheeze, mainly rhinitis, multimorbidity). The most likely transition to multimorbidity was from eczema state (0.21). However, although this was one of the highest transition probabilities, only one-fifth of those with eczema transitioned to multimorbidity. Conclusions: Atopic diseases fit a multimorbidity framework, with no evidence for sequential atopic march progression. The highest transition to multimorbidity was from eczema, but most children with eczema (more than three-quarters) had no comorbidities.

Objective: To analyze the difference of glycemic control (Mean HBA1c) between patients consulting at specialized Diabetic clinic and those coming to usual general practices. Study Design: Quasi Experimental study Place and Duration: OPDs of general Practice clinics and Outpatient department of a specialized diabetes clinic at Sialkot for 3 months. Methodology: Total n=250 patients were inducted using consecutive sampling technique carried for 3 months. The sample was divided into two groups “Diabetes Specialist clinics” (n=125) and with traditional setup without a team approach as “general practice clinics” (n=125).In this study patients included were of both gender with age group comprising > 40 years and history of T2Dm for at least one year. Type1 dm, gestational diabetes and those without signing consent were excluded. Data was collected using structured questionnaire by primary investigator after informed consent and at the end of three months the difference of means of HBa1c of two different groups. Analysis was done on SPSS version 22 using independent sample t-test. Mean and standard deviation were taken for numerical data, while for categorical data, percentages and frequency were taken out. Statistically significant p value was viewed as < 0.05. Results: When Independent T Test was applied, in specialist clinic HBA1c was 8.51±1.23 whereas in General practice clinic it was 9.57±1.62 with statistically significant difference (p value 0.000). When ANOVA applied to see differences in HBA1c among those with primary, secondary, Intermediate and graduate level education, statistically insignificant results were found (p value 0.373). Likewise, when compared by duration of diabetes, statistically insignificant results were found (p value 0.379). Results were statistically insignificant (p value 0.95), when compared based on rural and urban residence. Conclusion: The study shows statistically significant difference in glycemic control (HBA1c) levels between those coming to general practice clinics and those consulting at specialized diabetic clinics. Keywords: Diabetes, Diabetes Specialist clinic, HbA1C

The PID controllers are being widely used in almost every real-time engineering problem in accordance with the increasing demand for aquick and consistent response of the system. To justify the performance of PID controllers, a mathematical model of an electric motor is considered in this paper. The complete system is simulated on MATLAB/SIMULINK with an integer and fractional-order PID controller and analyzed in terms of control characteristics. A comparative study of the various closed-loop response of the system is also carried out to compare the performance of an integer and fractional-order PID controller. The controllers used in the system are modern optimized, i.e., the particle swarm optimization technique is used to acquire a more optimized system response. The simple concept of application of integer and fractional-order PID controllers is proposed in this research article. A similar approach can be applied to various real-time problems to obtain optimized results. However, other modern optimization techniques are also available and emerging regularly that can produce a stable and optimized response to satisfy the demand for system stability.

Air purifiers improve rhinitis quality of life and perception of sleep quality in people with asthma - Supplementary Tables and Figures Author Affiliations: Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. Dyson Technology Limited, Tetbury Hill, Malmesbury, Wiltshire, SN16 0RP. David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD.

The electronic nose (e-nose) is demonstrated in this research for detecting and identifying several forms of hazardous gases. We describe an e-noses for detecting several gases, including butane, acetone, methane, and ethanol. For dimensionality reduction in 3D representation, data processing approaches are based on the partial least square (PLS) method. The suggested system can be utilised for sensor optimization since different sensors with varied operating temperatures can be tested in many devices to find the best array for a specific detection or application. The results reveal that, depending on the sensor array characteristics, varying success rates in classification can be attained when discriminating contaminants. The preceding criteria lead to a new search for a portable, dependable, low-cost, and most efficient gas sensor. The major purpose of this study is to create a gas sensor array that can detect and monitor toxic and poisonous gases in the environment, as well as warn against dangerous organic compounds. Our goal is to create a sensor system that can distinguish the most significant decontamination gases while also being highly responsive, precise, low-effort, and low-power demanding.

Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the catastrophes on human life and a major public health problem. Children below five years of age are at-risk population and hence malnutrition is the leading cause for morbidity and mortality among them. Feeding practices play a pivotal role in determining the nutritional status of Children. Objectives: To find the nutritional status of under-five children and to assess whether infant feeding practices are correlated with nutritional status. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from 01 March to 30 June 2012 among 110 conveniently and randomly selected children and their mothers as respondents attending selected child welfare centre (CWC) of Dhaka Cantonment. An electronic weighing scale, a standard height scale and a predesigned structured questionnaire were used. All data were analyzed by SPSS. Association was assessed with Chi square test. The prevalence of malnutrition was assessed by different indices of nutritional status based on Weight for Age Zscore (WAZ), Height for Age Z-score (HAZ) and Weight for Height Z -Score (WHZ). Results: Mean age of study population was 31.3±16 months. Out of total 110 mothers as respondents 62 (56.4%) mothers fed their child colostrum. Majority of the mothers (81.7.0%) exclusively breastfed their child. Most of the mothers (59.1%) did not provide proper complementary feeding and 37.3% mother fed their child pre lacteal feeding. Total underweight children were 32 (29%), total stunted children were 44(40.0%) and total wasted children were 26(23.6%). The prevalence of Stunting was higher among children who had not exclusively breastfed. This study showed that the relationship of pre-lacteal feeding and complementary feeding with WAZ, HAZ and WAZ were statistically significant. Conclusion: This study might serve as an initiative to identify the influences of feeding practices on children’s nutritional status to promote and protect the optimal feeding practices for improving nutritional status of children under five years. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 1 (June) 2022: 54-56

Introduction: The pattern and distribution of skin diseases varies from one country to another and even in different areas within the same country. Skin diseases can be influenced by so many factors like genetics, environment, race, religion, occupation, nutrition and habit. Skin diseases affect all ages from neonate to elderly. Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of skin diseases in patients attending outpatient department (OPD) at military hospital, Ramu. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in CMH, Ramu from July to December 2019 among 1700 patients. All newly diagnosed patients of skin diseases irrespective of age and sex attended the OPD of the hospital were selected by purposive sampling. Patients’ diagnosis was made clinically by a dermatologist and lab investigations were performed only in case of diagnostic importance. Results: Mean age of patients was 27.1±12.7 years and 58.8% were male. Majority (96.5%) received formal education and 59.4% were married. The mean of the numbers of family members of the respondents was 4.0±1.0. Maximum 36.5% respondents suffered from eczema followed by superficial fungal infection 19.5%, scabies 14.1%, acne vulgaris 11.2%, psoriasis 3.5% and viral warts 2.9%. Scabies was higher among younger age group and acne vulgaris was higher among females and these association was statistically significant (p < .05). Conclusion: By appropriate prevention and awareness program morbidity associated with few contagious skin diseases can be reduced and a good amount of money and manpower can be saved. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 1 (June) 2022: 51-53