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256. Rivaroxaban for stroke prevention after embolic stroke of undetermined source

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Hart, Robert G, Sharma, Mukul, Mundl, Hardi, Kasner, Scott E, Bangdiwala, Shrikant I, Berkowitz, Scott D, Swaminathan, Balakumar, Lavados, Pablo, Wang, Yongjun, Wang, Yilong, Davalos, Antonio, Shamalov, Nikolay, Mikulik, Robert, Cunha, Luis, Lindgren, Arne, Arauz, Antonio, Lang, Wilfried, Czlonkowska, Anna, Eckstein, Jens, Gagliardi, Rubens J, Amarenco, Pierre, Ameriso, Sebastian F, Tatlisumak, Turgut, Veltkamp, Roland, Hankey, Graeme J, Toni, Danilo, Bereczki, Daniel, Uchiyama, Shinichiro, Ntaios, George, Yoon, Byung-Woo, Brouns, Raf, Endres, Matthias, Muir, Keith W, Bornstein, Natan, Ozturk, Serefnur, O'Donnell, Martin J, De Vries Basson, Matthys M, Pare, Guillaume, Pater, Calin, Kirsch, Bodo, Sheridan, Patrick, Peters, Gary, Weitz, Jeffrey I, Peacock, W Frank, Shoamanesh, Ashkan, Benavente, Oscar R, Joyner, Campbell, Themeles, Ellison, Connolly, Anderson DC, Stuart J., Demets, Dl, Kaste, M, Norrving, B, Wyse, Dg, Alet, M, Allende, G, Beinlich, A, Berrios, W, Bruera, G, Castro, D, Chialvo, L, Claverie, S, Contardo, L, Couto, J, Deganutto, R, Diaz, R, Dossi, D, Esnaola, M, Falco, M, Fernandez Pirrone, P, Ferrari, J, Firstenfeld, A, Galli Giqueauk, E, Gilli, M, Gonzalez, L, Gonzalez Toledo, M, Grecco, M, Halac, B, Hawkes, M, Ioli, P, Jure, L, Klein, F, Lepera, S, Lujan, S, Mackinnon, F, Marroquin, M, Martin, J, Parisi, V, Perez Leguizamon, P, Persi, G, Povedano, P, Povedano, G, Pujol Lereis, V, Radrizzani, L, Reich, E, Repetto, M, Rodriguez Lucci, F, Romano, M, Saredo, G, Schneider, M, Simonsini, C, Sumay, G, Thomson, A, Toledo, W, Torres, C, Vila, A, Abdul Rasheed, N, Anderson, C, Bailey, P, Blacker, D, Carcel, C, Clissold, B, Delcourt, C, Field, D, Gangadharan, S, Ghia, D, Kleinig, T, Leyden, J, Ly, J, Ma, H, Mackey, E, Mishra, S, Moey, A, Musuka, T, Pepper, E, Phan, T, Sabet, A, Saw, J, Singh, B, Tryambake, D, Tu, H, Wijeratne, T, Wong, A, Augustin, S, Esterbauer, M, Garnauf, M, Gasiorek, K, Gasser, S, Gaugg, M, Greisenegger, S, Harrasser, M, Heine, M, Huber, B, Joachim, B, Kapeller, P, Krebs, S, Kreuzpointer, R, Kunzmann, J, Lechner, H, Lohninger, B, Luschin, G, Macher, S, Marko, M, Matosevic, B, Mayr, A, Mismas, A, Mitrovic, N, Mutzenbach, J, Oberndorfer, S, Obmann, S, Raffelsberger, T, Roesler, C, Salletmayr, T, Serles, W, Stadler, K, Tinchon, A, Tolino, M, Verocai, V, Vigl, M, Voglsperger, B, Weber, J, Werner, P, Windt, J, Winkler, A, Wurzinger, H, Zelenka, I, Cras, P, Crols, R, De Keyser, J, De Klippel, N, De Pauw, A, De Smedt, A, Dhollander, I, Hermans, S, Ligot, N, Maqueda, V, Maqueda Maqueda, V, Naeije, G, Seynaeve, L, Soors, P, Van Daele, W, Vanacker, P, Vanderschueren, G, Willems, C, Yperzeele, L, Avelar, W, Bacellar, A, Batista, C, Bazan, R, Braga, G, Cardoso, F, Dagnino, M, Fabio, S, Ferreira Junior, G, Freitas, G, Friedrich, M, Gomes Neto, A, Guarda, S, Katsurayama, M, Machado, M, Martins, S, Meira, F, Minelli, C, Morais, R, Moro, C, Neto, O, Polin, M, Silva, D, Weiss, G, Basile, V, Beaudry, M, Berlingieri, J, Blacquiere, D, Buck, B, Chan, R, Coutts, S, Das, S, Desai, J, Ehrensperger, E, Field, T, Gladstone, D, Hachinski, V, Hassan, A, Hegedus, J, Hill, M, Jin, A, Khaw, A, Mackey, A, Maclean, G, Mandzia, J, Mann, S, Mehdiratta, M, Murphy, C, Ng, K, Oczkowski, W, Penn, A, Perera, K, Perez, Y, Pesant, Y, Phillips, S, Poppe, A, Sahlas, J, Shuaib, A, Spence, D, Sposato, L, Stotts, G, Tamayo, A, Teal, P, Wilson, L, Winder, T, Yegappan, C, Yip, S, Andreu, D, Araya, P, Bustamante, G, Figueroa, C, Gasic, K, Herrero, D, Matamala, G, Munoz, S, Olavarria, V, Pasten, J, Polanco, J, Reyes, P, Roldan, A, Salamanca, P, Silva, P, Toloza, C, Verdugo, M, Cai, K, Che, C, Chen, J, Chen, Z, Chen, T, Chen, H, Chen, X, Chen, B, Chen, G, Chen, L, Chu, F, Cui, L, Dai, C, Ding, N, Ding, J, Du, P, Du, J, Fang, L, Feng, J, Gao, Y, Geng, J, Guan, J, Hao, L, Huang, D, Huang, H, Jin, X, Jing, P, Ke, K, Li, G, Li, M, Li, S, Li, J, Liang, Z, Lin, H, Liu, K, Liu, X, Lu, Z, Ma, C, Pei, H, Qiu, J, Qu, X, Shen, W, Sun, X, Tian, J, Tong, L, Tong, Z, Wang, J, Wang, L, Wang, X, Wang, W, Wang, N, Wang, D, Wang, H, Wen, G, Weng, G, Wu, W, Wu, S, Xiao, B, Xiaopeng, W, Xiong, L, Xiong, Y, Xu, Y, Xu, J, Xu, Z, Yang, L, Yang, Y, Yang, X, Yang, J, Yang, Q, Yang, B, Zhang, C, Zhang, B, Zhang, Y, Zhang, S, Zhang, M, Zhang, X, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Zhou, L, Bar, M, Barteys, M, Bartolottiova, T, Carek, M, Ferencova, K, Fiksa, J, Gallo, J, Goldemund, D, Hanouskova, L, Herzig, R, Hon, P, Jankovych, J, Jura, R, Kadlcikova, J, Kemlink, D, Kopecky, S, Krajickova, D, Kral, M, Krejci, V, Pavlik, O, Peisker, T, Pernicka, M, Peska, S, Rapantova, P, Reif, M, Rekova, P, Sanak, D, Sebejova, M, Skoda, O, Slonkova, J, Stetkarova, I, Tenora, D, Tumova, R, Vaclavik, D, Vasko, P, Veverka, T, Vitkova, E, Volna, J, Andersen, G, Christensen, H, Christensen, T, Damgaard, D, Iversen, H, Krarup Hansen, C, Kruuse, C, Martinussen, M, Modrau, B, Murtuzova, A, Ovesen, C, Papina, M, Svaneborg, N, Von Weitzel-Mudersbach, P, Curtze, S, Fanta, S, Huhtakangas, J, Keskinarkaus, I, Kivioja, R, Koivu, M, Korpela, J, Larjo, T, Linna, M, Marinkovic, I, Martinez-Majander, N, Nieminen, T, Nikkanen, M, Numminen, H, Ortiz, R, Österlund-Tauriala, E, Roine, R, Roine, S, Ruuskanen, J, Saarinen, J, Shulga, A, Sibolt, G, Tapanainen, A, Tapiola, T, Tiainen, M, Tomppo, L, Tumpula, O, Tuomainen, P, Tynkkynen, J, Vainikka, S, Valpas, J, Virta, J, Ylikallio, E, Ylikotila, P, Accassat, S, Aniculaesei, A, Baronnet, F, Bejot, Y, Bindila, D, Birchenall, J, Blanc-Labarre, C, Bodiguel, E, Bouly, S, Cabrejo, L, Calvet, D, Corlobe, A, Crozier, S, Delpont, B, Deltour, S, Diaconu, M, Domigo, V, Epinat, M, Ferreira, A, Fisselier, M, Garnier, P, Gimenez, L, Gueguen, A, Guidoux, C, Guillon, B, Guiraudg, V, Hervieu-Begue, M, Hobeanu, M, Khoumri, C, Lamy, C, Lauer, V, Le Bouc, R, Lecouturier, K, Leder, S, Leger, A, Macian-Montoro, F, Meseguer, E, Morar-Precup, D, Morvan, T, Morvan, E, Obadia, M, Osseby, G, Philippi, S, Pico, F, Quenardelle, V, Reiner, P, Rigual, R, Rosso, C, Sabben, C, Samson, Y, Sevin, M, Sibon, I, Thouvenot, E, Timsit, S, Touze, E, Turc, G, Vahedi, K, Varvat, J, Wacongne, A, Wolff, V, Yalo, B, Zinchenko, I, Bagelmann, H, Bardutzky, J, Barlinn, J, Bathe-Peters, R, Berrouschot, J, Dietzel, J, Ehrlich, S, Fatar, M, Filipov, A, Fluri, F, Gabriel, M, Geran, R, Gliem, M, Graf, S, Griebe, M, Grosse, G, Haeusler, K, Harmel, P, Held, V, Hellwig, S, Henkner, J, Hieber, M, Hoyer, C, Jander, S, Keilitz, J, Kellner, J, Knecht, S, Koch, M, Koehler, L, Kucken, D, Kusnick, G, Lambeck, J, Lee, J, Leisse, I, Lubke-Detring, S, Machetanz, J, Mensch, A, Meyer, N, Molis, A, Mueller, T, Muhl, C, Nave, A, Radtke, A, Roth, Y, Roukens, R, Schlachetzki, F, Schneider, I, Schuppner, R, Schurig, J, Schwarzbach, C, Seidel, G, Sonntag, N, Steinert, S, Stoll, A, Stumpp, A, Taggeselle, J, Trommer, A, Tuetuencue, S, Wartenberg, K, Weissenborn, K, Wittayer, M, Wolf, M, Wolter, C, Worthmann, H, Wunderlich, S, Zitzmann, A, Anagnostou, E, Brokalaki, C, Hatzitolios, A, Kakaletsis, N, Kanellos, I, Kei, A, Korompoki, E, Koutroubi, A, Liamis, G, Makaritsis, K, Manios, E, Michas, F, Milionis, H, Papadopoulos, G, Papadopoulou, E, Papagiannis, A, Polychronopoulou, E, Sagris, D, Satsoglou, S, Savopoulos, C, Solganov, I, Spengos, K, Stamatelopoulos, K, Terentiou, A, Tountopoulou, A, Vassilopoulou, S, Amjad, A, Balazs, A, Bankuti, Z, Bicsak, T, Borcsik, L, Csanyi, A, Csiba, L, Csontos, K, Csuha, R, Czurko, M, Danku, V, Dioszeghy, P, Faust, K, Fazekas, F, Gerocs, Z, Gottschal, M, Gyuker, N, Hajas, A, Horvath, L, Horvath, M, Iljicsov, A, Jakab, K, Javor, L, Kakuk, I, Karasz, O, Kasa, K, Kasza, J, Kerekgyarto, M, Klivenyi, P, Kovacs, K, Kovacs, T, Kovacs, H, Lajos, B, Lovasz, R, Magyar, T, Matoltsy, A, May, Z, Molnar, S, Monosi, C, Motko, T, Nemeth, R, Nemeth, L, Nikl, J, Olah, L, Orosz, V, Panczel, G, Pentek, S, Prendl, B, Rozsa, C, Rum, G, Sas, K, Sas, A, Semjen, J, Simony, Z, Sipos, I, Szabo, K, Szasz, G, Szegedi, N, Szekely, A, Szilagyi, G, Szoboszlai, K, Szpisjak, L, Toth, G, Uhrinyakova, L, Valikovics, A, Varga, Z, Vass, L, Vastagh, I, Vecsei, L, Zboznovits, D, Coveney, S, Horgan, G, Kelly, P, Murphy, S, Smyth, A, Waters, R, Abu Ahmad, F, Bloch, S, Dorodnicov, E, Hallevi, H, Haratz, S, Horev, A, Kolianov, V, Leker, R, Mahagney, A, Marzelik, O, Rephaeli, G, Tanne, D, Weller, B, Acciarresi, M, Adami, A, Agostoni, E, Alemseged, F, Altavilla, R, Angelocola, S, Anticoli, S, Berardi, V, Bravi, M, Candeloro, E, Cappellari, M, Carletti, M, Caruso, P, Castellini, P, Cavallini, A, Cenciarelli, S, Cerrone, P, Condurso, R, Consoli, D, Danese, A, Della Marca, G, Denaro, M, Di Mascio, M, Diomedi, M, Distefano, M, Frisullo, G, Furlanis, G, Galati, F, Gallina, A, Gallinella, E, Giannandrea, D, Giatsidis, F, Greco, L, Impellizzeri, M, Landolfi, A, Lanfranconi, S, Latte, L, Lembo, G, Longoni, M, Marando, C, Marini, C, Marsili, E, Mastrocola, S, Mazzoli, T, Melis, M, Micheletti, N, Moller, J, Monzani, V, Naccarato, M, Paciaroni, M, Padiglioni, C, Persico, A, Pezzella, F, Pieroni, A, Piras, V, Postorino, P, Pozzerese, C, Profice, P, Ricci, S, Rinaldi, C, Rizzato, B, Rocco, A, Roveri, L, Santalucia, P, Semerano, A, Sicilia, I, Silvestrini, M, Sucapane, P, Tomelleri, G, Tropepi, D, Venti, M, Amino, T, Chin, M, Deguchi, I, Fujigasaki, H, Fukuyama, K, Haraguchi, K, Hasegawa, Y, Hattori, M, Hayashi, T, Hirose, M, Honma, Y, Igarashi, S, Irie, S, Itabashi, R, Ito, Y, Kamata, T, Kaneko, C, Kawanishi, M, Kimura, R, Kitagawa, K, Kobayashi, Y, Kondo, T, Kuwashiro, T, Matsumoto, S, Miyake, H, Nagakane, Y, Nishino, S, Nishiyama, Y, Nogawa, S, Ochiai, J, Ohira, M, Okamoto, Y, Okubo, S, Okuda, S, Ooyama, K, Sakai, N, Suenaga, T, Suzuki, H, Takamatsu, K, Takao, M, Taki, W, Takizawa, S, Tokunaga, K, Toyoda, K, Urui, S, Yamada, T, Yamasaki, M, Yoshida, Y, Yuasa, H, Bae, H, Cha, J, Chang, D, Chung, C, Heo, J, Hong, K, Kim, J, Lee, B, Nah, H, Oh, K, Park, M, Park, J, Rha, J, Sohn, S, Amaya Sanchez, L, Arauz Gongora, A, Cantu Brito, C, Chiquete Anaya, E, Felipe Amaya, P, Fernandez Vera, J, Garcia Lopez, R, Gien Lopez, J, Gongora-Rivera, J, Hernandez, J, Leal Cantu, R, Lopez Garza, N, Medina Pech, C, Mendez, B, Pena Sedna, L, Reyes Morales, S, Ruiz Franco, A, Serrano, F, Tovar, M, Uribe, R, Bak, Z, Baranowska, A, Bilik, M, Blazejewska-Hyzorek, B, Brola, W, Brzoska-Mizgalska, J, Buksinska-Lisik, M, Chorazy, M, Czerska, M, Czuryszkiewicz, M, Dalek, G, Dylewicz, L, Fiszer, U, Fraczek, A, Friedman, A, Fryze, W, Gasecki, D, Gębura, K, Geremek, M, Glabinski, A, Gluszkiewicz, M, Goździk, I, Grzesik, M, Jasek, L, Kaczorowska, B, Kalinowska, K, Kaminska, K, Kapica-Topczewska, K, Karlinski, M, Kobayashi, A, Kosarz-Lanczek, K, Kowalczyk, K, Kowalska, M, Kraska, J, Krzyzanowska, M, Kulakowska, A, Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I, Lasek-Bal, A, Litwin, T, Morton, M, Myśliwy, W, Nosek, K, Nowak, B, Nowakowska-Śledź, E, Odyniec, A, Oleszek, J, Ozdoba-Rot, J, Palasik, W, Pawelczyk, M, Rozanski, D, Rozniecki, J, Sawicka, M, Sieczkowska, E, Skowron, P, Skowronska, M, Sliwinska, B, Sobolewski, P, Sobota, A, Stoiński, J, Szczuchniak, W, Szczyrba, S, Szewczyk, Z, Szlufik, S, Tarasiuk, J, Tutaj, A, Uchwat, U, Wach-Klink, A, Winska-Tereszkiewicz, A, Wisniewska, A, Włodek, A, Wojnarowska-Arendt, A, Zalewska, J, Zielinska-Turek, J, Ziomek, M, Zwiernik, J, Abreu, P, E Silva A, Amaral, Azevedo, E, Barroso, C, Calejo, M, Campillo, J, Campos Costa, E, Coelho, J, Correia, M, Correia, C, Gregorio, T, Lopes, D, Machado, C, Mendonca, T, Pereira, L, Pidal, A, Pineiro, S, Pinto, A, Ribeiro, J, Rodrigues, M, Salgado, P, Salgado, A, Santo, G, Sargento, J, Varela, R, Abroskina, M, Badalyan, K, Balueva, T, Barulin, A, Bazhenova, O, Belkin, A, Bogdanov, E, Daineko, A, Druzenko, I, Fedin, A, Fidler, M, Gogoleva, E, Golikov, K, Gonysheva, Y, Greshnova, I, Guryanova, N, Gusev, V, Kashaeva, E, Kaygorodtseva, S, Khairutdinova, D, Kholopov, M, Kirpicheva, S, Koltsov, I, Konkov, I, Kurenkova, N, Kurtenkova, N, Kurushina, O, Kustova, M, Lagutenko, M, Lenskaya, L, Lupinogina, L, Lvova, A, Melnikova, E, Meshkova, K, Morozova, E, Mozhejko, E, Nikoforova, M, Obrezan, A, Ondar, V, Pizova, N, Polyakov, A, Popov, D, Prazdnichkova, E, Prokopenko, S, Pudov, E, Salnikov, M, Samoshkina, O, Semushina, D, Shchukin, I, Shepeleva, E, Shmonin, A, Smolkin, A, Soldatov, M, Soloveva, L, Solovyeva, E, Stakhovskaya, L, Tcvetkova, S, Varvyanskaya, N, Voznyuk, I, Zhirnova, O, Ahmed, F, Basson, M, Engelbrecht, J, Hobson, B, Jansen, J, Nel, J, Nell, H, Njovane, X, Pretorius, M, Roos, J, Salig, S, Siebert, M, Amaro, S, Arenillas Lara, J, Arias Rivas, S, Baez Martinez, E, Bas, M, Bashir, S, Bragado, I, Cajaraville, S, Camps, P, Cardona Portela, P, Casado-Naranjo, I, Castellanos, M, Cayuela Caudevilla, N, Chamorro, A, Constantino Silva, A, Cortijo Garcia, E, De La Torre, J, De Torres, R, Diaz Otero, F, Diez-Tejedor, E, Escribano, B, Escudero, I, Fernandez, M, Font, M, Fortea, G, Freijo, M, Fuentes Gimeno, B, Gamero, M, Garcia, J, Garcia Pastor, A, Garcia Sanchez, S, Geniz Clavijo, M, Gil Nunez, A, Giralt, E, Gomez-Choco, M, Gomis, M, Gutiérrez, R, Iglesias Mohedano, A, Lago, A, Lara Lezama, L, Lara Rodriguez, B, Llull, L, Lopez Fernandez, M, Lorenzo, A, Maestre-Moreno, J, Marta Moreno, J, Marti-Fabregas, J, Martínez Sánchez, P, Mauri Cabdevila, G, Mengual Chirifie, J, Molina, C, Molina, J, Moniche, F, Morales, L, Morales, A, Nombela, F, Núñez, F, Pagola, J, Perez, S, Portilla, J, Prats, L, Purroy, F, Quesada Garcia, H, Ramirez Moreno, J, Redondo Robles, L, Renu, A, Riveira Rodriguez, C, Roa, A, Rodriguez Campello, A, Rodriguez Pardo De Donlebun, J, Rodriguez Yanez, M, Rudilosso, S, Ruiz Ares, G, Sànchez Cerón, M, Santamaria Cadavid, M, Sanz Cuesta, B, Serena, J, Silva, Y, Soriano Soriano, C, Tejada Garcia, J, Tejada Meza, H, Tembl, J, Terceno, M, Trillo, S, Urra, X, Usero Ruiz, M, Vazquez, P, Vilar, C, Villanueva Osorio, J, Ximenez-Carrillo, A, Zapata, E, Esbjornsson, M, Karlsson, J, Kremer, C, Kuris, A, Staaf, G, Stiehm, M, Timberg, I, Tossavainen, C, Wester, P, Arnold, M, Baumgartner, P, Beer, J, Bicker, H, Boos, L, Cereda, C, Chaloulos-Iakovidis, P, Christian, L, Engelter, S, Fisch, L, Fischer, U, Frey, S, Frick, M, Hauk, M, Hoffmann, M, Kahles, T, Manno, C, Medlin, F, Mircea, D, Nedeltchev, K, Panos, L, Polymeris, A, Schillinger, N, Stocker, R, Sztajzel, R, Alaydin, H, Batur Caglayan, H, Colakoglu, S, Demirci, N, Duman, T, Eren, F, Gokce, M, Inanc, Y, Nazliel, B, Ongun, G, Ozcekic Demirhan, S, Ozyurt, E, Selcuk, D, Sorgun, M, Tezcan, S, Togay Isikay, C, Tokgoz, O, Ulku Acar, R, Uluduz Ugurlu, D, Abdul-Saheb, M, Ahmad, N, Ali, A, Alwis, L, Balogun, I, Bathula, R, Behnam, Y, Bhandari, M, Bhargavah, M, Black, T, Blank, C, Bruce, D, Burn, M, Canepa, C, Chakrabarti, A, Chandrasena, D, Chembala, J, Cheripelli, B, Clarke, R, Cohen, D, Collas, D, Constantin, C, Dani, K, Del Giudice, A, Dennis, M, Devine, J, Dima, S, Doubal, F, Duodu, Y, Dutta, D, El Ta Wil, S, Elyas, S, Evans, N, Eveson, D, Fotherby, K, France, E, Furnace, J, Grabowski, S, Gunathilagan, G, Gutierrez, R, Guyler, P, Hargroves, D, Harkness, K, Harvey, M, Hayhoe, H, Hicken, L, Hussain, M, Kelly, S, Lam, M, Lindert, R, Louw, S, Luder, R, Macleod, M, Majid, A, Mangion, D, Markova, S, Markus, H, Marsh, R, Mcarthur, K, Menon, N, Metcalf, K, Minhas, J, Minns, M, Mistri, A, Moreton, F, Mpelembue, M, Muddegowda, G, Mudhar, O, Musarrat, K, Myint, M, Natarajan, I, Naylor, D, Ngeh, J, Papavasileiou, V, Perry, R, Piechowski-Jozwiak, B, Pradhan, M, Rani, A, Rashed, K, Robinson, T, Roffe, C, Saksena, R, Sattar, N, Sekaran, L, Selvarajah, J, Shah, S, Sinha, D, Sivakumar, R, Sztriha, L, Walters, D, Webb, T, Werring, D, Whiteley, W, Whiting, R, Abdelhamid, N, Abdul Rahman, D, Amin, H, Androulakis, M, Babikian, V, Baker, M, Barker Trejo, S, Benjamin, A, Birnbaum, L, Burke, J, Chen, S, Clark, W, Coull, B, De Havenon, A, Dearborn, J, Degeorgia, M, Essa, B, Fares, M, Favate, A, Furlan, A, Gebreyohanns, M, Goddeau, R, Green, D, Greer, D, Haralur Sreekantaiah, Y, Hasan, R, Hedna, V, Henninger, N, Holmstedt, C, Ishida, K, Jagolino, A, Johnson, M, Jun-Oconnell, A, Kaur, S, Khanna, A, Kirshner, H, Kittner, S, Kleindorfer, D, Leira, E, Loomis, C, Lord, A, Lowenkopf, T, Lutsep, H, Magadan, A, Majjhoo, A, Maud, A, Mayasi, Y, Mccullough, L, Mckinney, J, Mehta, S, Mehta, D, Mehta, B, Messe, S, Miller, B, Milling, T, Moonis, M, Navaratnam, D, Okpala, M, Patel, N, Pettigrew, L, Phinney, T, Ramos-Estebanez, C, Rasmussen, J, Rodriguez, G, Rybinnik, I, Santiago, P, Sarraj, A, Savitz, S, Sawyer, R, Scandura, T, Schindler, J, Sen, S, Shang, T, Sharrief, A, Sila, C, Simpkins, A, Sundararajan, S, Talahma, M, Tayal, A, Thaler, D, Tirschwell, D, Torres, J, Vora, N, Warnack, W, Waters, M, Wilson, C, Xiong, W, Zweifler, R, Zanferrari, C., St Marys Development Trust, Servicio de Neurologia (SANTIAGO - Neurologie), Universidad del Desarrollo, Department of Neurology (Dep Neuro - BEIJING), Tiantan Hospital, Neurology department, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Neurological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Institute of Neurosciences and Psychology [Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Neurology Department, Ichilov Medical Center, CIC Brest, Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Yperzeele, Laetitia, NAVIGATE ESUS Investigators, and Selçuk Üniversitesi

Subjects
Stroke/etiology, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Brain Ischemia, Brain ischemia, 0302 clinical medicine, DESIGN, Rivaroxaban, Hemorrhage/chemically induced, Secondary Prevention, Medicine, Factor Xa Inhibitors/adverse effects, Stroke, Rivaroxaban/adverse effects, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aspirin, Atrial fibrillation, General Medicine, FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE, Middle Aged, TRIALS, Intracranial Embolism, SAFETY, Aged, Factor Xa Inhibitors, Female, Hemorrhage, Humans, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Medicine (all), Cardiology, Foramen ovale closure, Platelet aggregation inhibitor, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/adverse effects, ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY, Aspirin/adverse effects, WARFARIN, 03 medical and health sciences, Secondary Prevention/methods, Medicine, General & Internal, Internal medicine, Intracranial Embolism/drug therapy, General & Internal Medicine, NAVIGATE ESUS Investigators, METAANALYSIS, Science & Technology, CRYPTOGENIC STROKE, business.industry, Warfarin, medicine.disease, EFFICACY, ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION, Human medicine, business, Brain Ischemia/prevention & control, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

WOS: 000434263000007, PubMed: 29766772, BACKGROUND Embolic strokes of undetermined source represent 20% of ischemic strokes and are associated with a high rate of recurrence. Anticoagulant treatment with rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, may result in a lower risk of recurrent stroke than aspirin. METHODS We compared the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban (at a daily dose of 15 mg) with aspirin (at a daily dose of 100 mg) for the prevention of recurrent stroke in patients with recent ischemic stroke that was presumed to be from cerebral embolism but without arterial stenosis, lacune, or an identified cardioembolic source. The primary efficacy outcome was the first recurrence of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism in a time-to-event analysis; the primary safety outcome was the rate of major bleeding. RESULTS A total of 7213 participants were enrolled at 459 sites; 3609 patients were randomly assigned to receive rivaroxaban and 3604 to receive aspirin. Patients had been followed for a median of 11 months when the trial was terminated early because of a lack of benefit with regard to stroke risk and because of bleeding associated with rivaroxaban. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 172 patients in the rivaroxaban group (annualized rate, 5.1%) and in 160 in the aspirin group (annualized rate, 4.8%) (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.33; P=0.52). Recurrent ischemic stroke occurred in 158 patients in the rivaroxaban group (annualized rate, 4.7%) and in 156 in the aspirin group (annualized rate, 4.7%). Major bleeding occurred in 62 patients in the rivaroxaban group (annualized rate, 1.8%) and in 23 in the aspirin group (annualized rate, 0.7%) (hazard ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.68 to 4.39; P, BayerBayer AG; Janssen Research and Development, Supported by Bayer and Janssen Research and Development.

Published
2018

257. Rivaroxaban or aspirin for patent foramen ovale and embolic stroke of undetermined source: a prespecified subgroup analysis from the NAVIGATE ESUS trial

Author

Kasner, Scott E, primary, Swaminathan, Balakumar, additional, Lavados, Pablo, additional, Sharma, Mukul, additional, Muir, Keith, additional, Veltkamp, Roland, additional, Ameriso, Sebastian F, additional, Endres, Matthias, additional, Lutsep, Helmi, additional, Messé, Steven R, additional, Spence, J David, additional, Nedeltechev, Krassen, additional, Perera, Kanjana, additional, Santo, Gustavo, additional, Olavarria, Veronica, additional, Lindgren, Arne, additional, Bangdiwala, Shrikant, additional, Shoamanesh, Ashkan, additional, Berkowitz, Scott D, additional, Mundl, Hardi, additional, Connolly, Stuart J, additional, Hart, Robert G, additional, Abdelhamid, N, additional, Abdul Rahman, D, additional, Abdul-Saheb, M, additional, Abreu, P, additional, Abroskina, M, additional, Abu Ahmad, F, additional, Accassat, S, additional, Acciaresi, M, additional, Adami, A, additional, Ahmad, N, additional, Ahmed, F, additional, Alberto Hawkes, M, additional, Alemseged, F, additional, Ali, A, additional, Altavilla, R, additional, Alwis, L, additional, Amarenco, P, additional, Amaro, S, additional, Amaya Sanchez, LE, additional, Amelia Pinto, A, additional, Ameriso, SF, additional, Amin, H, additional, Amino, T, additional, Amjad, AK, additional, Anagnostou, E, additional, Andersen, G, additional, Anderson, C, additional, Anderson, DC, additional, Andrea Falco, M, additional, Andres Mackinnon, F, additional, Andreu, D, additional, Androulakis, M, additional, Angel Gamero, M, additional, Angel Saredo, G, additional, Angeles Diaz, R, additional, Angels Font, M, additional, Anticoli, S, additional, Arauz, A, additional, Arauz Gongora, AA, additional, Araya, P, additional, Arenillas Lara, JF, additional, Arias Rivas, S, additional, Arnold, M, additional, Augustin, S, additional, Avelar, W, additional, Azevedo, E, additional, Babikian, V, additional, Bacellar, A, additional, Badalyan, K, additional, Bae, HJ, additional, Baez Martinez, EM, additional, Bagelmann, H, additional, Bailey, P, additional, Bak, Z, additional, Baker, M, additional, Balazs, A, additional, Baldaranov, D, additional, Balogun, I, additional, Balueva, T, additional, Bankuti, Z, additional, Bar, M, additional, Baranowska, A, additional, Bardutzky, J, additional, Barker Trejo, S, additional, Barlinn, J, additional, Baronnet, F, additional, Barroso, C, additional, Barteys, M, additional, Bartolottiova, T, additional, Barulin, A, additional, Bas, M, additional, Bashir, S, additional, Basile, V, additional, Bathe-Peters, R, additional, Bathula, R, additional, Batista, C, additional, Batur Caglayan, H, additional, Baumgartner, P, additional, Bazan, R, additional, Bazhenova, O, additional, Beaudry, M, additional, Beer, J, additional, Behnam, Y, additional, Beilei, C, additional, Beinlich, A, additional, Bejot, Y, additional, Belkin, A, additional, Benavente, OR, additional, Benjamin, A, additional, Berardi, V, additional, Bereczki, D, additional, Berkowitz, SD, additional, Berlingieri, J, additional, Berrios, W, additional, Berrouschot, J, additional, Bhandari, M, additional, Bhargavah, M, additional, Bicker, H, additional, Bicsak, T, additional, Bilik, M, additional, Bindila, D, additional, Birchenall, J, additional, Birnbaum, L, additional, Black, T, additional, Blacker, D, additional, Blacquiere, D, additional, Blanc-Labarre, C, additional, Blank, C, additional, Blazejewska-Hyzorek, B, additional, Bloch, S, additional, Bodiguel, E, additional, Bogdanov, E, additional, Boos, L, additional, Borcsik, L, additional, Bornstein, N, additional, Bouly, S, additional, Braga, G, additional, Bragado, I, additional, Bravi, MC, additional, Brokalaki, C, additional, Brola, W, additional, Brouns, R, additional, Bruce, D, additional, Brzoska-Mizgalska, J, additional, Buck, B, additional, Buksinska-Lisik, M, additional, Burke, J, additional, Burn, M, additional, Bustamante, G, additional, Cabrejo, L, additional, Cai, K, additional, Cajaraville, S, additional, Calejo, M, additional, Calvet, D, additional, Campillo, J, additional, Campos Costa, E, additional, Camps, P, additional, Can Alaydin, H, additional, Candeloro, E, additional, Canepa, C, additional, Cantu Brito, CG, additional, Cappellari, M, additional, Carcel, C, additional, Cardona Portela, P, additional, Cardoso, F, additional, Carek, M, additional, Carletti, M, additional, Carlos Portilla, J, additional, Caruso, P, additional, Casado-Naranjo, I, additional, Castellini, P, additional, Castro, D, additional, Castro Meira, F, additional, Cavallini, A, additional, Cayuela Caudevilla, N, additional, Cenciarelli, S, additional, Cereda, C, additional, Cerrone, P, additional, Chakrabarti, A, additional, Chaloulos-Iakovidis, P, additional, Chamorro, A, additional, Chandrasena, D, additional, Chang, DI, additional, Che, C, additional, Chembala, J, additional, Chen, J, additional, Chen, Z, additional, Chen, T, additional, Chen, H, additional, Chen, X, additional, Chen, G, additional, Chen, L, additional, Chen, S, additional, Cheripelli, B, additional, Chin, M, additional, Chiquete Anaya, E, additional, Chorazy, M, additional, Christensen, H, additional, Christensen, T, additional, Christian, L, additional, Chu, F, additional, Chung, CS, additional, Clark, W, additional, Clarke, R, additional, Claverie, S, additional, Clemente Agostoni, E, additional, Clissold, B, additional, Coelho, J, additional, Cohen, D, additional, Colakoglu, S, additional, Collas, D, additional, Condurso, R, additional, Connolly, SJ, additional, Consoli, D, additional, Constantin, C, additional, Constantino Silva, AB, additional, Contardo, L, additional, Corlobe, A, additional, Correia, M, additional, Correia, C, additional, Cortijo Garcia, E, additional, Coull, B, additional, Coutts, S, additional, Coveney, S, additional, Cras, P, additional, Crols, R, additional, Crozier, S, additional, Csanyi, A, additional, Csiba, L, additional, Csontos, K, additional, Csuha, R, additional, Cui, L, additional, Cunha, L, additional, Curtze, S, additional, Czerska, M, additional, Czlonkowska, A, additional, Czurko, M, additional, Czuryszkiewicz, M, additional, Dagnino, M, additional, Dai, C, additional, Daineko, A, additional, Dalek, G, additional, Damgaard, D, additional, Danese, A, additional, Dani, K, additional, Danku, V, additional, Dario Toledo, W, additional, Dávalos, A, additional, De Havenon, A, additional, De Keyser, J, additional, De Klippel, N, additional, De La Torre, J, additional, De Pauw, A, additional, De Smedt, A, additional, De Torres, R, additional, De Vries Basson, MM, additional, Dearborn, J, additional, Deganutto, R, additional, Degeorgia, M, additional, Deguchi, I, additional, Del Giudice, A, additional, Delcourt, C, additional, Delgado-Mederos, R, additional, Della Marca, G, additional, Delpont, B, additional, Deltour, S, additional, Demets, DL, additional, Dennis, M, additional, Desai, J, additional, Devine, J, additional, Dhollander, I, additional, Di Mascio, MT, additional, Diaconu, M, additional, Diaz Otero, F, additional, Dietzel, J, additional, Diez-Tejedor, E, additional, Ding, N, additional, Ding, J, additional, Diomedi, M, additional, Dioszeghy, P, additional, Distefano, M, additional, Domigo, V, additional, Dorodnicov, E, additional, Dossi, D, additional, Doubal, F, additional, Druzenko, I, additional, Du, P, additional, Du, J, additional, Duman, T, additional, Duodu, Y, additional, Dutta, D, additional, Dylewicz, L, additional, Eckstein, J, additional, Ehrensperger, E, additional, Ehrlich, S, additional, Einer Allende, G, additional, Elena Halac, B, additional, Elyas, S, additional, Endres, M, additional, Engelbrecht, JM, additional, Engelter, S, additional, Epinat, M, additional, Eren, F, additional, Esbjornsson, M, additional, Escribano, B, additional, Escudero, I, additional, Esisi, B, additional, Essa, B, additional, Esterbauer, M, additional, Evans, N, additional, Eveson, D, additional, Fabio, S, additional, Fang, L, additional, Fanta, S, additional, Fares, M, additional, Fatar, M, additional, Faust, K, additional, Favate, A, additional, Fazekas, F, additional, Federica Denaro, M, additional, Fedin, A, additional, Felipe Amaya, P, additional, Feng, J, additional, Ferencova, K, additional, Fernanda Gilli, M, additional, Fernandez, MD, additional, Fernandez Pirrone, PN, additional, Fernandez Vera, J, additional, Ferrari, J, additional, Ferreira, A, additional, Ferreira Junior, G, additional, Fidler, M, additional, Field, D, additional, Field, T, additional, Figueroa, C, additional, Fiksa, J, additional, Filipov, A, additional, Firstenfeld, A, additional, Fisch, L, additional, Fischer, U, additional, Fisselier, M, additional, Fiszer, U, additional, Fluri, F, additional, Fortea, G, additional, Fotherby, K, additional, Fraczek, A, additional, France, E, additional, Freitas, G, additional, Frey, S, additional, Frick, M, additional, Friedman, A, additional, Friedrich, M, additional, Frisullo, G, additional, Fryze, W, additional, Fuentes Gimeno, B, additional, Fujigasaki, H, additional, Fukuyama, K, additional, Furlan, A, additional, Furlanis, G, additional, Furnace, J, additional, Gabriel, M, additional, Gabriel Reich, E, additional, Gagliardi, RJ, additional, Galati, F, additional, Galli Giqueauk, E, additional, Gallina, A, additional, Gallinella, E, additional, Gallo, J, additional, Gangadharan, S, additional, Gao, Y, additional, Garcia Lopez, R, additional, Garcia Pastor, A, additional, Garcia Sanchez, SM, additional, Garnauf, M, additional, Garnier, P, additional, Gasecki, D, additional, Gasic, K, additional, Gasiorek, K, additional, Gasser, S, additional, Gaugg, M, additional, Gebreyohanns, M, additional, Gebura, K, additional, Geng, J, additional, Geniz Clavijo, M, additional, Georg Haeusler, K, additional, Geran, R, additional, Geremek, M, additional, Gerocs, Z, additional, Ghia, D, additional, Giannandrea, D, additional, Giatsidis, F, additional, Gien Lopez, JA, additional, Gil Nunez, A, additional, Gimenez, L, additional, Giralt, E, additional, Glabinski, A, additional, Gladstone, D, additional, Gliem, M, additional, Gluszkiewicz, M, additional, Goddeau, R, additional, Gogoleva, E, additional, Gokce, M, additional, Goldemund, D, additional, Golikov, K, additional, Gomes Neto, A, additional, Gomez Schneider, M, additional, Gomez-Choco, M, additional, Gomis, M, additional, Gongora-Rivera, JF, additional, Gonysheva, Y, additional, Gonzalez, L, additional, Gonzalez Toledo, ME, additional, Gottschal, M, additional, Gozdzik, I, additional, Grabowski, S, additional, Graf, S, additional, Green, D, additional, Greer, D, additional, Gregorio, T, additional, Greisenegger, S, additional, Greshnova, I, additional, Griebe, M, additional, Grzesik, M, additional, Guan, J, additional, Guarda, S, additional, Gueguen, A, additional, Guidoux, C, additional, Guillermo Povedano, P, additional, Guillon, B, additional, Guiraudg, V, additional, Gunathilagan, G, additional, Guryanova, N, additional, Gusev, V, additional, Gustavo Persi, G, additional, Gutiérrez, R, additional, Guyler, P, additional, Gyuker, N, additional, Hachinski, V, additional, Hajas, A, additional, Hallevi, H, additional, Hankey, G, additional, Hankey, GJ, additional, Hanouskova, L, additional, Hao, L, additional, Haraguchi, K, additional, Haralur Sreekantaiah, Y, additional, Haratz, S, additional, Hargroves, D, additional, Harkness, K, additional, Harmel, P, additional, Harrasser, M, additional, Hart, RG, additional, Harvey, M, additional, Hasan, R, additional, Hasegawa, Y, additional, Hassan, A, additional, Hattori, M, additional, Hatzitolios, A, additional, Hauk, M, additional, Hayashi, T, additional, Hayhoe, H, additional, Hedna, VS, additional, Heine, M, additional, Held, V, additional, Hellwig, S, additional, Henkner, J, additional, Henninger, N, additional, Hermans, S, additional, Hernandez, J, additional, Herrero, D, additional, Hervieu-Begue, M, additional, Herzig, R, additional, Hicken, L, additional, Hieber, M, additional, Hill, M, additional, Hirose, M, additional, Hobeanu, MC, additional, Hobson, B, additional, Hochstetter, M, additional, Hoe Heo, J, additional, Hoffmann, M, additional, Holmstedt, C, additional, Hon, P, additional, Hong, KS, additional, Honma, Y, additional, Horev, A, additional, Horgan, G, additional, Horvath, L, additional, Horvath, M, additional, Hoyer, C, additional, Huang, D, additional, Huang, H, additional, Huber, B, additional, Huhtakangas, J, additional, Hussain, M, additional, Igarashi, S, additional, Iglesias Mohedano, AM, additional, Ignacio Tembl, J, additional, Impellizzeri, M, additional, Inanc, Y, additional, Ioli, P, additional, Irina Aniculaesei, A, additional, Ishida, K, additional, Itabashi, R, additional, Iversen, H, additional, Jagolino, A, additional, Jakab, K, additional, Jander, S, additional, Janka, H, additional, Jankovych, J, additional, Jansen, J, additional, Jasek, L, additional, Javier Alet, M, additional, Javor, L, additional, Jin, X, 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additional, Kerekgyarto, M, additional, Keskinarkaus, I, additional, Khairutdinova, D, additional, Khanna, A, additional, Khaw, A, additional, Kholopov, M, additional, Khoumri, C, additional, Kirpicheva, S, additional, Kirshner, H, additional, Kitagawa, K, additional, Kittner, S, additional, Kivioja, R, additional, Klein, F, additional, Kleindorfer, D, additional, Kleinig, T, additional, Klivenyi, P, additional, Knecht, S, additional, Kobayashi, Y, additional, Kobayashi, A, additional, Koch, M, additional, Koehler, L, additional, Koivu, M, additional, Kolianov, V, additional, Koltsov, I, additional, Kondo, T, additional, Konkov, I, additional, Kopecky, S, additional, Korompoki, E, additional, Korpela, J, additional, Kosarz-Lanczek, K, additional, Koutroubi, A, additional, Kovacs, K, additional, Kovacs, T, additional, Kovacs, H, additional, Kowalczyk, K, additional, Kowalska, M, additional, Krajickova, D, additional, Kral, M, additional, Krarup Hansen, C, additional, Kraska, J, 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additional, Mozhejko, E, additional, Muddegowda, G, additional, Mudhar, O, additional, Mueller, T, additional, Muhl, C, additional, Muir, KW, additional, Mundl, H, additional, Munoz, S, additional, Murphy, C, additional, Murphy, S, additional, Murtuzova, A, additional, Musuka, T, additional, Mutzenbach, J, additional, Myint, M, additional, Mysliwy, W, additional, Naccarato, M, additional, Naeije, G, additional, Nagakane, Y, additional, Natarajan, I, additional, Navaratnam, D, additional, Nave, A, additional, Nazliel, B, additional, Nedeltchev, K, additional, Nel, J, additional, Nell, H, additional, Nemeth, R, additional, Nemeth, L, additional, Neto, O, additional, Ng, K, additional, Ngeh, J, additional, Nicolas Chialvo, L, additional, Nieminen, T, additional, Nikkanen, M, additional, Nikl, J, additional, Nikoforova, M, additional, Nishino, S, additional, Nishiyama, Y, additional, Njovane, X, additional, Nogawa, S, additional, Nombela, F, additional, Norrving, B, additional, Nosek, K, additional, Nowak, B, additional, Nowakowska-Sledz, E, additional, Ntaios, G, additional, Numminen, H, additional, Nunez, F, additional, Obadia, M, additional, Oberndorfer, S, additional, Obrezan, A, additional, Ochiai, J, additional, Oczkowski, W, additional, O'Donnell, MJ, additional, Odyniec, A, additional, Oh, K, additional, Ohira, M, additional, Okamoto, Y, additional, Okpala, M, additional, Okubo, S, additional, Olah, L, additional, Olavarria, V, additional, Oleszek, J, additional, Onat Demirci, N, additional, Ondar, V, additional, Ongun, G, additional, Ooyama, K, additional, Orosz, V, additional, Ortiz, R, additional, Osseby, G, additional, Österlund-Tauriala, E, additional, Ovesen, C, additional, Ozcekic Demirhan, S, additional, Ozdoba-Rot, J, additional, Ozturk, S, additional, Ozyurt, E, additional, Pablo Grecco, M, additional, Pablo Povedano, G, additional, Paciaroni, M, additional, Padiglioni, C, additional, Pagola, J, additional, Palasik, W, additional, Panczel, G, additional, Panos, L, additional, Papadopoulos, G, additional, Papadopoulou, E, additional, Papagiannis, A, additional, Papavasileiou, V, additional, Papina, M, additional, Pardo De Donlebun, JR, additional, Parisi, V, additional, Park, JM, additional, Pasten, J, additional, Patel, N, additional, Pavlik, O, additional, Pawelczyk, M, additional, Peacock, WF, additional, Pei, H, additional, Peisker, T, additional, Pena Sedna, LF, additional, Penn, A, additional, Pentek, S, additional, Pepper, E, additional, Pereira, L, additional, Perera, K, additional, Perez, Y, additional, Perez, S, additional, Perez Leguizamon, P, additional, Pernicka, M, additional, Perry, R, additional, Persico, A, additional, Pesant, Y, additional, Peska, S, additional, Peters, D, additional, Peters, G, additional, Pettigrew, L, additional, Phan, T, additional, Philippi, S, additional, Phinney, T, additional, Pico, F, additional, Pidal, A, additional, Piechowski-Jozwiak, B, additional, Pieroni, A, additional, 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Wlodek, A, additional, Wojnarowska-Arendt, A, additional, Wolf, M, additional, Wolff, V, additional, Wolter, C, additional, Wong, A, additional, Wook Nah, H, additional, Worthmann, H, additional, Wu, W, additional, Wu, S, additional, Wunderlich, S, additional, Wurzinger, H, additional, Wyse, DG, additional, Xiao, B, additional, Xiaopeng, W, additional, Ximenez-Carrillo, A, additional, Xiong, L, additional, Xiong, Y, additional, Xiong, W, additional, Xu, Y, additional, Xu, J, additional, Xu, Z, additional, Yalo, B, additional, Yamada, T, additional, Yamasaki, M, additional, Yang, L, additional, Yang, Y, additional, Yang, X, additional, Yang, Q, additional, Yang, B, additional, Yang, J, additional, Yasuhiro, I, additional, Yee Lam, M, additional, Yegappan, C, additional, Yip, S, additional, Ylikallio, E, additional, Ylikotila, P, additional, Yongwon Jin, A, additional, Yoon, BW, additional, Yoshida, Y, additional, Yperzeele, L, additional, Yuan, H, additional, Yuasa, H, additional, 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Published
2018
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260. Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis

Author

Nogueira, Raul G., Qureshi, Muhammad M., Abdalkader, Mohamad, Martins, Sheila Ouriques, Yamagami, Hiroshi, Qiu, Zhongming, Mansour, Ossama Yassin, Sathya, Anvitha, Czlonkowska, Anna, Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Aguiar de Sousa, Diana, Demeestere, Jelle, Mikulik, Robert, Vanacker, Peter, Siegler, James E., Kõrv, Janika, Biller, Jose, Liang, Conrad W., Sangha, Navdeep S., Zha, Alicia M., Czap, Alexandra L., Holmstedt, Christine Anne, Turan, Tanya N., Ntaios, George, Malhotra, Konark, Tayal, Ashis, Loochtan, Aaron, Ranta, Annamarei, Mistry, Eva A., Alexandrov, Anne W., Huang, David Y., Yaghi, Shadi, Raz, Eytan, Sheth, Sunil A., Mohammaden, Mahmoud H., Frankel, Michael, Bila Lamou, Eric Guemekane, Aref, Hany M., Elbassiouny, Ahmed, Hassan, Farouk, Menecie, Tarek, Mustafa, Wessam, Shokri, Hossam M., Roushdy, Tamer, Sarfo, Fred S., Alabi, Tolulope Oyetunde, Arabambi, Babawale, Nwazor, Ernest O., Sunmonu, Taofiki Ajao, Wahab, Kolawole, Yaria, Joseph, Mohammed, Haytham Hussein, Adebayo, Philip B., Riahi, Anis D., Sassi, Samia Ben, Gwaunza, Lenon, Ngwende, Gift Wilson, Sahakyan, David, Rahman, Aminur, Ai, Zhibing, Bai, Fanghui, Duan, Zhenhui, Hao, Yonggang, Huang, Wenguo, Li, Guangwen, Li, Wei, Liu, Ganzhe, Luo, Jun, Shang, Xianjin, Sui, Yi, Tian, Ling, Wen, Hongbin, Wu, Bo, Yan, Yuying, Yuan, Zhengzhou, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Jun, Zhao, Wenlong, Zi, Wenjie, Leung, Thomas W., Chugh, Chandril, Huded, Vikram, Menon, Bindu, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Sylaja, PN, Usman, Fritz Sumantri, Farhoudi, Mehdi, Hokmabadi, Elyar Sadeghi, Horev, Anat, Reznik, Anna, Sivan Hoffmann, Rotem, Ohara, Nobuyuki, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Watanabe, Daisuke, Yamamoto, Ryoo, Doijiri, Ryosuke, Tokuda, Naoki, Yamada, Takehiro, Terasaki, Tadashi, Yazawa, Yukako, Uwatoko, Takeshi, Dembo, Tomohisa, Shimizu, Hisao, Sugiura, Yuri, Miyashita, Fumio, Fukuda, Hiroki, Miyake, Kosuke, Shimbo, Junsuke, Sugimura, Yusuke, Yagita, Yoshiki, Takenobu, Yohei, Matsumaru, Yuji, Yamada, Satoshi, Kono, Ryuhei, Kanamaru, Takuya, Yamazaki, Hidekazu, Sakaguchi, Manabu, Todo, Kenichi, Yamamoto, Nobuaki, Sonoda, Kazutaka, Yoshida, Tomoko, Hashimoto, Hiroyuki, Nakahara, Ichiro, Kondybayeva, Aida, Faizullina, Kamila, Kamenova, Saltanat, Zhanuzakov, Murat, Baek, Jang-Hyun, Hwang, Yangha, Lee, Jin Soo, Lee, Si Baek, Moon, Jusun, Park, Hyungjong, Seo, Jung Hwa, Seo, Kwon-Duk, Sohn, Sung Il, Young, Chang Jun, Ahdab, Rechdi, Wan Zaidi, Wan Asyraf, Aziz, Zariah Abdul, Basri, Hamidon bin, Chung, Law Wan, Ibrahim, Aznita Binti, Ibrahim, Khairul Azmi, Looi, Irene, Tan, Wee Yong, Yahya, Nafisah Wan, Groppa, Stanislav, Leahu, Pavel, Al Hashmi, Amal M., Imam, Yahia Zakaria, Akhtar, Naveed, Pineda-Franks, Maria Carissa, Co, Christian Oliver, Kandyba, Dmitriy, Alhazzani, Adel, Al-Jehani, Hosam, Tham, Carol Huilian, Mamauag, Marlie Jane, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Chen, Chih-Hao, Tang, Sung-Chun, Churojana, Anchalee, Akil, Esref, aykaç, özlem, Ozdemir, Atilla Ozcan, Giray, Semih, Hussain, Syed Irteza, John, Seby, Le Vu, Huynh, Tran, Anh Duc, Nguyen, Huy Hoang, Nhu Pham, Thong, Nguyen, Thang Huy, Nguyen, Trung Quoc, Gattringer, Thomas, Enzinger, Christian, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Bellante, Flavio, De Blauwe, Sofie, Vanhooren, Geert, De Raedt, Sylvie, Dusart, Anne, Lemmens, Robin, Ligot, Noemie, Pierre Rutgers, Matthieu, Yperzeele, Laetitia, Alexiev, Filip, Sakelarova, Teodora, Bedeković, Marina Roje, Budincevic, Hrvoje, Cindric, Igor, Hucika, Zlatko, Ozretic, David, Saric, Majda Seferovic, Pfeifer, František, Karpowic, Igor, Cernik, David, Sramek, Martin, Skoda, Miroslav, Hlavacova, Helena, Klecka, Lukas, Koutny, Martin, Vaclavik, Daniel, Skoda, Ondrej, Fiksa, Jan, Hanelova, Katerina, Nevsimalova, Miroslava, Rezek, Robert, Prochazka, Petr, Krejstova, Gabriela, Neumann, Jiri, Vachova, Marta, Brzezanski, Henryk, Hlinovsky, David, Tenora, Dusan, Jura, Rene, Jurák, Lubomír, Novak, Jan, Novak, Ales, Topinka, Zdenek, Fibrich, Petr, Sobolova, Helena, Volny, Ondrej, Krarup Christensen, Hanne, Drenck, Nicolas, Klingenberg Iversen, Helle, Simonsen, Claus Z., Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Wienecke, Troels, Vibo, Riina, Gross-Paju, Katrin, Toomsoo, Toomas, Antsov, Katrin, Caparros, Francois, Cordonnier, Charlotte, Dan, Maria, Faucheux, Jean-Marc, Mechtouff, Laura, Eker, Omer, Lesaine, Emilie, Ondze, Basile, Peres, Roxane, Pico, Fernando, Piotin, Michel, Pop, Raoul, Rouanet, Francois, Gubeladze, Tatuli, Khinikadze, Mirza, Lobjanidze, Nino, Tsiskaridze, Alexander, Nagel, Simon, Ringleb, Peter Arthur, Rosenkranz, Michael, Schmidt, Holger, Sedghi, Annahita, Siepmann, Timo, Szabo, Kristina, Thomalla, Götz, Palaiodimou, Lina, Sagris, Dimitrios, Kargiotis, Odysseas, Klivenyi, Peter, Szapary, Laszlo, Tarkanyi, Gabor, Adami, Alessandro, Bandini, Fabio, Calabresi, Paolo, Frisullo, Giovanni, Renieri, Leonardo, Sangalli, Davide, Pirson, Anne, Uyttenboogaart, Maarten, van den Wijngaard, Ido, Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug, Brola, Waldemar, Fudala, Małgorzata, Horoch-Lyszczarek, Ewa, Karlinski, Michal, Kazmierski, Radoslaw, Kram, Pawel, Rogoziewicz, Marcin, Kaczorowski, Rafal, Luchowski, Piotr, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina, Sobolewski, Piotr, Fryze, Waldemar, Wisniewska, Anna, Wiszniewska, Malgorzata, Ferreira, Patricia, Ferreira, Paulo, Fonseca, Luisa, Marto, João Pedro, Pinho e Melo, Teresa, Nunes, Ana Paiva, Rodrigues, Miguel, Tedim Cruz, Vítor, Falup-Pecurariu, Cristian, Krastev, Georgi, Mako, Miroslav, de Leciñana, María Alonso, Arenillas, Juan F., Ayo-Martin, Oscar, Cruz Culebras, Antonio, Tejedor, Exuperio Diez, Montaner, Joan, Pérez-Sánchez, Soledad, Tola Arribas, Miguel Angel, Rodriguez Vasquez, Alejandro, Mayza, Michael, Bernava, Gianmarco, Brehm, Alex, Machi, Paolo, Fischer, Urs, Gralla, Jan, Michel, Patrik L., Psychogios, Marios-Nikos, Strambo, Davide, Banerjee, Soma, Krishnan, Kailash, Kwan, Joseph, Butt, Asif, Catanese, Luciana, Demchuk, Andrew M., Field, Thalia, Haynes, Jennifer, Hill, Michael D., Khosravani, Houman, Mackey, Ariane, Pikula, Aleksandra, Saposnik, Gustavo, Scott, Courtney Anne, Shoamanesh, Ashkan, Shuaib, Ashfaq, Yip, Samuel, Barboza, Miguel A., Barrientos, Jose Domingo, Portillo Rivera, Ligia Ibeth, Gongora-Rivera, Fernando, Novarro-Escudero, Nelson, Blanco, Anmylene, Abraham, Michael, Alsbrook, Diana, Altschul, Dorothea, Alvarado-Ortiz, Anthony J., Bach, Ivo, Badruddin, Aamir, Barazangi, Nobl, Brereton, Charmaine, Castonguay, Alicia, Chaturvedi, Seemant, Chaudry, Saqib A., Choe, Hana, Choi, Jae H., Dharmadhikari, Sushrut, Desai, Kinjal, Devlin, Thomas G., Doss, Vinodh T., Edgell, Randall, Etherton, Mark, Farooqui, Mudassir, Frei, Don, Gandhi, Dheeraj, Grigoryan, Mikayel, Gupta, Rishi, Hassan, Ameer E., Helenius, Johanna, Kaliaev, Artem, Kaushal, Ritesh, Khandelwal, Priyank, Khawaja, Ayaz M., Khoury, Naim N., Kim, Benny S., Kleindorfer, Dawn O., Koyfman, Feliks, Lee, Vivien H., Leung, Lester Y., Linares, Guillermo, Linfante, Italo, Lutsep, Helmi L., Macdougall, Lisa, Male, Shailesh, Malik, Amer M., Masoud, Hesham, McDermott, Molly, Mehta, Brijesh P., Min, Jiangyong, Mittal, Manoj, Morris, Jane G., Multani, Sumeet S., Nahab, Fadi, Nalleballe, Krishna, Nguyen, Claude B., Novakovic-White, Roberta, Ortega-Gutierrez, Santiago, Rahangdale, Rahul H., Ramakrishnan, Pankajavalli, Romero, Jose Rafael, Rost, Natalia, Rothstein, Aaron, Ruland, Sean, Shah, Ruchir, Sharma, Malveeka, Silver, Brian, Simmons, Marc, Singh, Abhishek, Starosciak, Amy K., Strasser, Sheryl L., Szeder, Viktor, Teleb, Mohamed, Tsai, Jenny P., Voetsch, Barbara, Balaguera, Oscar, Pujol Lereis, Virginia A., Luraschi, Adriana, Almeida, Marcele Schettini, Cardoso, Fabricio Buchdid, Conforto, Adriana, De Deus Silva, Leonardo, Varrone Giacomini, Luidia, Oliveira Lima, Fabricio, Longo, Alexandre L., Magalhães, Pedro S.C., Martins, Rodrigo Targa, Mont'alverne, Francisco, Mora Cuervo, Daissy Liliana, Costa Rebello, Leticia, Valler, Lenise, Zetola, Viviane Flumignan, Lavados, Pablo M., Navia, Victor, Olavarría, Verónica V., Almeida Toro, Juan Manuel, Amaya, Pablo Felipe Ricardo, Bayona, Hernan, Corredor, Angel, Rivera Ordonez, Carlos Eduardo, Mantilla Barbosa, Diana Katherine, Lara, Osvaldo, Patiño, Mauricio R., Diaz Escobar, Luis Fernando, Dejesus Melgarejo Farina, Donoband Edson, Cardozo Villamayor, Analia, Zelaya Zarza, Adolfo Javier, Barrientos Iman, Danny Moises, Rodriguez Kadota, Liliana, Campbell, Bruce, Hankey, Graeme J., Hair, Casey, Kleinig, Timothy, Ma, Alice, Tomazini Martins, Rodrigo, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Thijs, Vincent, Salazar, Daniel, Yuan-Hao Wu, Teddy, Haussen, Diogo C., Liebeskind, David, Yavagal, Dileep R., Jovin, Tudor G., Zaidat, Osama O., and Nguyen, Thanh N.

Published
2021
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279. Tale of a Growth: Marangoni Bursting Phenomenon as a Viable Route for Obtaining Fibers of Organic Chromophores

Author

Ślemp, M., Miniewicz, A., Sobolewska, A., Zaleśny, R., Sobolewski, A. L., and Brevet, P.-F.

Abstract

Spreading and emulsification dynamics of a binary droplet of water and alcohol deposited on a rapeseed oil pool or a glass substrate are accompanied by fingering instability that generates a large number of small droplets. The Marangoni bursting process, lasting a few minutes, opens the possibility of growing micro- and nanocrystals of some organic substances that are soluble in alcohols and insoluble in water due to the evaporation of more volatile alcohol. In this work, we used an aqueous 2-propanol (IPA) solution with dissolved organic nonlinear optical dye (3-(2,2-dicyanoethenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole), abbreviated as DCNP. The aim of such an approach was to observe the luminescence size effect predicted for DCNP molecular aggregates. Surprisingly, the Marangoni bursting process on the oil bath resulted in the formation of flexible fibers (up to 1.5 cm long and 20–30 μm in width) as well as a wide range of micro- and nanocrystals. Marangoni bursting on a solid glass substrate led not only to the crystallization of dendrimer-like branched structures but also to the fibers that show either red or blue luminescence when excited due to the two-photon absorption of femtosecond laser pulses. The blue luminescence band centered at 430 nm was never observed in DCNP crystals, but its presence was predicted by quantum-chemical calculations as coming from molecular J- or H-aggregates of DCNP. Ab initio quantum-chemical calculations demonstrated that cross section for the two-photon absorption in DCNP dimers can be quite large and reach around 100 GM. Based on spectroscopic findings, we concluded that DCNP flexible fibers are built in from crystalline parts and amorphous molecular aggregates.

Published
2024
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282. Cost-Effective School Nurse Practitioner Services.

Author

Sobolewski, Susan D.

Abstract

A broader utilization of school nurse practitioners by school districts represents a cost-effective approach in meeting educational goals. School nurse practitioners provide extended nursing services to high risk children, assist in coordinating health services between the school and the child's parents, participate in classroom presentations on health, and provide additional training and evaluation to school nurses. (JN)

Published
1981

284. Cognitive impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Author

Vitturi, Bruno Kusznir, Nascimento, Bruno Azeredo Coutinho, Alves, Beatriz Rizkallah, de Campos, Felipe Sobolewski Carneiro, and Torigoe, Dawton Yukito

Abstract

• More than two thirds of RA patients were classified as cognitively impaired. • The mean MMSE and MoCA scores were significantly lower in RA subjects compared to the control group. • The prevalence of anxiety and depression were significantly higher in RA patients. • Functional limitations were directly associated with poor cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neurological manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are usually uncommon. However, a number of recent studies have reported that the burden of cognitive impairment in RA could be significant. We sought to explore the prevalence and clinical predictors of cognitive impairment in persons with RA. This is a cross-sectional case-control study with patients with RA. Different trained and blinded interviewers registered clinical-epidemiological data and applied a standardized neurological assessment for each subject of the study. At baseline, functional limitations were characterized using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Cognitive impairment was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) while neuropsychiatric symptoms were investigated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Using a proper statistical analysis, we compared the neurological outcomes between case and controls and we determined the clinical predictors of cognitive decline. A total of 210 patients with RA and 70 healthy controls were included in our study. More than two thirds of our patients were classified as cognitively impaired. The mean MMSE and MoCA scores were significantly lower in RA subjects compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Neuropshychiatric impairment was more prevalent in RA patients (59.5%) than in controls (17.1%) as well (p < 0.001). Greater functional limitations were correlated with worse MMSE, MoCA and HADS scores (p < 0.001). The findings of this study suggest that there is evidence of cognitive impairment in adults with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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286. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the process of obtaining cross-sectional area and echo intensity measurements of muscles from ultrasound images

Author

Sobolewski, Eric J., Wein, Leah D., Crow, Jacquelyn M., and Carpenter, Kaitlyn M.

Abstract

Introduction:The use of ultrasound images for analyzing muscle quality and size is continuing to grow in the literature. However, many of these manuscripts fail to properly describe their measurement techniques and steps involved in analyzing ultrasound images. Aim of this study:To evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the steps involved when analyzing ultrasound images to measure cross-sectional area and echo intensity. Material and methods:Twenty ultrasound images of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis images were blinded and replicated, and then analyzed by experienced raters. The raters then were asked to analyze the images using open-source software for scaling measurements, subcutaneous fat thickness, cross-sectional area, and echo intensity. Matched image values for each measurement where compared for intra- and inter-rater reliability. Results:Intra-rater reliability ranged from fair (ICC3,1= 0.32) to high (0.98), with echo intensity values being the least reliable (>0.55), and scaling and depth measurements being the most reliable (<0.85). Inter-rater reliability ranged from good (0.77) to high (0.97). Conclusion: Ultrasound-derived measures of cross-sectional area and echo intensity can be measured reliably, with echo intensity being the most difficult to replicate. However, reliability measures are unique to the rater and study and, therefore, should be clearly reported in every paper.

Published
2021
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287. Effect of previous lowering of skin temperature on the time of safe exposure to a hot environment: a case study

Author

Sobolewski, Andrzej, Młynarczyk, Magdalena, Konarska, Maria, and Bugajska, Joanna

Abstract

Objective.The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of initial conditions of a microclimate on volunteers’ permissible exposure limits to a hot and humid environment. Materials and methods.Eighteen experimental studies with the participation of three volunteers were performed under controlled microclimate conditions (two climate chambers). The skin temperature and body core temperature were measured after they had stabilized in the following microclimate conditions: temperature of 17, 21 and 23 °C, relative humidity of 50% and hot microclimate conditions, i.e., temperature of 35 and 42 °C, humidity of 80% and physical work load at 30 W. The time needed to reach a body core temperature of 38 °C was determined under hot conditions. Heat accumulation was calculated. Results.Lowering volunteers’ skin temperature under conditions of stabilized physiological parameters prolongs the time necessary for the body core temperature to reach 38 °C during physical work in a hot and humid environment. Conclusions.Appropriate acclimatization before exposure may prolong the time of safe work in a hot environment, e.g., during activities of rescue services.

Published
2021
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288. The influence of air humidity on human heat stress in a hot environment

Author

Sobolewski, Andrzej, Młynarczyk, Magdalena, Konarska, Maria, and Bugajska, Joanna

Abstract

This article aims to present the physical adaptation capabilities of a human, seen as a response to extreme hot and dry or hot and humid conditions. Adaptation capabilities are expressed as safe exposure time in two variants: at rest and during physical activity. The study shows the results of calculations of the variability over time of the core temperature and skin temperature as well as heat balance. Calculations were made according to Standard No. EN ISO 7933:2005 on the basis of assumed and actual meteorological data. The results of the calculations show that in these conditions a hot but dry environment enables a human (although to a limited extent) to stay and perform low physical activity, provided access to drinking water is ensured. In contrast, a hot but humid environment causes more serious problems, due to the inability to reduce skin temperature by evaporation of sweat from the skin surface.

Published
2021
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292. The Girl With the Bleeding Earlobe Mass

Author

Nistel, Mason, Lee, Sang Hoon, Born, Hayley, Greinwald, John H., Abdaljaleel, Maram, and Sobolewski, Brad

Abstract

Pilomatrixomas, also known as epithelioma calcificans, are benign tumors of hair follicle matrix cells that are often mistaken for other lesions, especially cutaneous abscesses. We report an illustrative case in which a teenage girl developed a red, swollen earlobe that required multiple care visits and interventions until definitive diagnosis and treatment were provided. Although the lesion was initially treated as an abscess, it continued to progress in size and discomfort. The correct diagnosis was established after imaging and complete excision with pathologic examination. Ultimately, our patient was subjected to avoidable procedures that carried the risk of potentially negative cosmetic sequelae before the proper intervention. Although abscesses are common, it is important for clinicians to avoid incision and drainage of lesions, unless the diagnosis is certain.

Published
2021
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294. Molecular Design of Heptazine-Based Photocatalysts: Effect of Substituents on Photocatalytic Efficiency and Photostability

Author

Ehrmaier, Johannes, Huang, Xiang, Rabe, Emily J., Corp, Kathryn L., Schlenker, Cody W., Sobolewski, Andrzej L., and Domcke, Wolfgang

Abstract

Recently, a derivative of the heptazine (tris-triazine) molecule, trianisole-heptazine (TAHz), was synthesized and was shown to catalyze the oxidation of water to hydroxyl radicals under 365 nm LED light in a homogeneous reaction (E. J. Rabe et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9, 6257–6261). The possibility of water photo-oxidation with a precisely defined molecular catalyst in neat solvents opens new perspectives for clarifying the fundamental reaction mechanisms involved in water oxidation photocatalysis. In the present work, the effects of chemical substituents on the three CH positions of Hz on the photocatalytic reactivity were explored with wave function-based ab initioelectronic-structure calculations for hydrogen-bonded complexes of Hz and three selected Hz derivatives (TAHz, trichloro-Hz, and tricyano-Hz) with a water molecule. While anisole is an electron-donating substituent, Cl is a weakly electron-withdrawing substituent and CN is a strongly electron-withdrawing substituent. It is shown that the barrier for the photoinduced abstraction of an H atom from the water molecule is raised (lowered) by electron-donating (electron-withdrawing) substituents. The highly mobile and reactive hydroxyl radicals generated by water oxidation can recombine with the reduced chromophore radicals to yield photohydrates. The effect of substituents on the thermodynamics of the photohydration reaction was computed. Among the four chromophores studied, TAHz stands out on account of the metastability of its photohydrate, which suggests self-healing of the photocatalyst after oxidation of TAHzH radicals by OH radicals. In addition, the effect of substituents on the H atom photodetachment reaction from the reduced chromophores, which closes the catalytic cycle, has been investigated. The energy of the repulsive 2πσ* state, which drives the photodetachment reaction is lowered (raised) by electron-donating (electron withdrawing) substituents. All four chromophores exhibit inverted S1/T1gaps. This feature eliminates long-lived triplet states and thus avoids the activation of molecular oxygen to highly reactive singlet oxygen.

Published
2020
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295. Control of Excited-State Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer by Ultrafast Pump-Push-Probe Spectroscopy in Heptazine-Phenol Complexes: Implications for Photochemical Water Oxidation

Author

Corp, Kathryn L., Rabe, Emily J., Huang, Xiang, Ehrmaier, Johannes, Kaiser, Mitchell E., Sobolewski, Andrzej L., Domcke, Wolfgang, and Schlenker, Cody W.

Abstract

We demonstrate chemical tuning and laser-driven control of intermolecular H atom abstraction from protic solvent molecules. Using multipulse ultrafast pump-push-probe transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, we monitor hydrogen abstraction by a functionalized heptazine (Hz) from substituted phenols in condensed-phase hydrogen-bonded complexes. Hz is the monomer unit of the ubiquitous organic polymeric photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). Previously, we reported that the Hz derivative 2,5,8-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5,6,7,9,9b-heptaazaphenalene (TAHz) can photochemically abstract H atoms from water, in addition to exhibiting photocatalytic activity for H2evolution matching that of g-C3N4in aqueous suspensions. In the present work, we combine ultrafast multipulse TA spectroscopy with predictive wave function-based ab initio electronic-structure calculations to explore the role of mixed nπ*/ππ* upper excited states in directing H atom abstraction from hydroxylic compounds. We use an ultraviolet (365 nm) laser pulse to photoexcite TAHz to a bright upper excited state, and, after a relaxation period of roughly 6 ps, we use a near-infrared (NIR) (1150 nm) pulse to “push” the chromophore from the long-lived S1state to a higher-lying excited state. When phenol is present, the NIR push induces a persistent decrease (ΔΔOD) in the S1TA signal magnitude, indicating an impulsively driven change in photochemical branching ratios. In the presence of substituted phenols with electron-donating moieties, the magnitude of ΔΔOD diminishes markedly due to the increased excited-state reactivity of these complexes that accompanies the cathodic shift in phenol oxidation potential. In the latter case, H atom abstraction proceeds unaided by additional energy from the push pulse. These results reveal new insight into branching mechanisms among unreactive locally excited states and reactive intermolecular charge-transfer states. They also suggest molecular design strategies for functionalizing aza-aromatics to drive important photoreactions, such as H atom abstraction from water. More generally, this study demonstrates an avidly desired achievement in the field of photochemistry, rationally redirecting excited-state reactivity with light.

Published
2020
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296. S100A11/ANXA2 belongs to a tumour suppressor/oncogene network deregulated early with steatosis and involved in inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma development

Author

Sobolewski, Cyril, Abegg, Daniel, Berthou, Flavien, Dolicka, Dobrochna, Calo, Nicolas, Sempoux, Christine, Fournier, Margot, Maeder, Christine, Ay, Anne-Sophie, Clavien, Pierre-Alain, Humar, Bostjan, Dufour, Jean-Francois, Adibekian, Alexander, and Foti, Michelangelo

Abstract

ObjectiveHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development occurs with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the absence of cirrhosis and with an increasing incidence due to the obesity pandemic. Mutations of tumour suppressor (TS) genes and oncogenes (ONC) have been widely characterised in HCC. However, mounting evidence indicates that non-genomic alterations of TS/ONC occur early with NAFLD, thereby potentially promoting hepatocarcinogenesis in an inflammatory/fibrotic context. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise these alterations.DesignThe proteome of steatotic liver tissues from mice spontaneously developing HCC was analysed. Alterations of TSs/ONCs were further investigated in various mouse models of NAFLD/HCC and in human samples. The inflammatory, fibrogenic and oncogenic functions of S100A11 were assessed through in vivo, in vitro and ex-vivo analyses.ResultsA whole set of TSs/ONCs, respectively, downregulated or upregulated was uncovered in mice and human with NAFLD. Alterations of these TSs/ONCs were preserved or even exacerbated in HCC. Among them, overexpression of S100A11 was associated with high-grade HCC and poor prognosis. S100A11 downregulation in vivo significantly restrains the development of inflammation and fibrosis in mice fed a choline/methionine-deficient diet. Finally, in vitro and ex-vivo analyses revealed that S100A11 is a marker of hepatocyte de-differentiation, secreted by cancer cells, and promoting cell proliferation and migration.ConclusionCellular stress associated with NAFLD triggers non-genomic alterations of a whole network of TSs/ONCs fostering hepatocarcinogenesis. Among those, overexpression of the oncogenic factor S100A11 promotes inflammation/fibrosis in vivo and is significantly associated with high-grade HCC with poor prognosis.

Published
2020
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297. Risk Factors, Etiologies, and Screening Tools for Sepsis in Pregnant Women: A Multicenter Case–Control Study

Author

Bauer, Melissa E., Housey, Michelle, Bauer, Samuel T., Behrmann, Sydney, Chau, Anthony, Clancy, Caitlin, Clark, Erin A. S., Einav, Sharon, Langen, Elizabeth, Leffert, Lisa, Lin, Stephanie, Madapu, Manokanth, Maile, Michael D., McQuaid-Hanson, Emily, Priessnitz, Kristina, Sela, Hen Y., Shah, Anuj, Sobolewski, Paul, Toledo, Paloma, Tsen, Lawrence C., and Bateman, Brian T.

Published
2019
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298. Peptide growth factors and their receptors in the vein wall

Author

Bruczko-Goralewska, Marta, Romanowicz, Lech, Baczyk, Justyna, Wolanska, Malgorzata, Sobolewski, Krzysztof, and Kowalewski, Radoslaw

Abstract

The varicose vein wall remodeling is a very complex process, which is controlled by numerous factors, including peptide growth factors. The aim of the study was to assess a/b FGF, IGF-1, TGF-ß1, VEGF-A and their receptors in the vein wall. Varicose vein samples were taken from 24 patients undergoing varicose vein surgery. The control material consisted of vein specimens collected from 12 patients with chronic limb ischemia. Contents of aFGF, bFGF, IGF-I, TGF-ß1, VEGF, IGF-1R, VEGF R1 and VEGF R2 were assessed with ELISA method. Protein expression of FGF R1 and TGF-ß RII were evaluated with western blot. Increased contents of aFGF, IGF-1 and VEGF-A were found in varicose veins in comparison with normal ones (p<0.05). In contrast, a significant decrease in TGF-ß content was demonstrated in varicose veins (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was no difference in bFGF content in both groups (p>0.05). IGF-1 R content was significantly increased in varicose veins (p<0.05). There was no difference in VEGF R1 content between varicose and normal veins (p>0.05), whereas VEGF R2 content was significantly increased in varicose veins (p<0.05). Western blot demonstrated increased expression of TGF-ß RII in varicose veins (p<0.05) and similar expression of FGF R1 in both groups (p>0.05). Demonstrated changes in peptide growth factors and their receptors may disturb metabolism of extracellular matrix in the varicose vein wall and contribute to the development of the disease to its more advanced stages.

Published
2019
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299. Smokeless Fuel for Residential Heating as a Remedy for Air Pollution: Laboratory and Pilot-Scale Operational Investigations

Author

Lasek, Janusz, Matuszek, Katarzyna, Stelmach, Sławomir, Sobolewski, Aleksander, and Hrycko, Piotr

Abstract

The emission of gaseous pollutants and particulates from domestic heating sources, DHS, can be especially troublesome in winter when the smog effect is enhanced. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is the use of fuel that emits significantly lower gaseous pollutants and particulates compared to hard coal. A major feature of this solution is the possibility of its immediate effect compared with other solutions that need more time to move toward a system change. This paper presents the findings from a laboratory and a full-scale operational pilot investigation into a smokeless fuel application (charcoal known as “Błękitny Węgiel”, BW) that is used for residential heating. Pilot experiments in users’ homes were carried out using 34 heating devices. A significant decrease of gaseous pollutants [NOx, SO2, total organic carbon, PAHs, and B(a)P] and particulate emissions from the heating devices was obtained when BW was applied, and this was even the case for boilers with outdated constructions.

Published
2019
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