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26 If the father is really Hightower's enemy, then it is clear why Hightower is pursuing the trail of his grandfather, who was inimical to Hightower's father in terms of the ownership of slaves. Hightower is totally taken up with the past, which takes the form of Jefferson, the county seat of Faulkner's fictional Yoknapatawpha County, in which Hightower's grandfather, a Confederate cavalryman, was shot to death while trying to steal chickens from a henhouse during the Civil War. 65 NANZAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES Volume 42 (2020): 65-80 The Danger of the Sublime Conception of Destiny in the Post-Bellum American South and Japan: Martin Luther King, Jr., Gail Hightower, and Yasuda Yojuro YAMABE Shota Donald Trump's administration has been criticized by many throughout the world for its harsh immigration policies and lack of humanitarianism. In a way, Christmas is to those womenmothers what Gail Hightower is to his father, and therefore it can be concluded that Hightower is always "seeking and fleeing" his father, with whom he wants to be identical at bottom but next to whom Hightower knows he is not strong enough. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of University of Sharjah Journal for Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of University of Sharjah - Scientific Publishing Unit and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ars Adriatica is the property of Sveuciliste u Zadru (University of Zadar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas (17949998) is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Facultad de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current economic and preceding financial crises seem to provide evidence in favour of the self-destruction thesis of capitalism. Responses to the crisis have been polarised. Some suggest that regulatory changes are all that is needed. Others suggest the need to change the economic system by developing a new global economic ethic. The first is too limited, the second too Utopian. This article suggests that a Maclntyrean virtue ethics approach provides both a more convincing diagnosis ofthe problem and leads to a more workable prescription. First, we need to understand the internal contradictions ofthe tradition that has developed of how to 'do' business. Then we need the virtues to be exercised inside practices and institutions. But virtue itself needs to be institutionalised; we need an appropriate governance of virtue in organizations. Even though governance is usually taken to 'crowd out' virtue, this article proposes an approach to governance that 'crowds in' virtue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-injurious behavior is deliberate harm to the body that may lead to factitious oral injuries. Management of patients with self-inflicted injury continues to be a challenge for the dental profession. The purpose of this article is to review clinical findings in a patient who presented with severe, painful gingival recession in the primary dentition. A case report of an 8-year-old girl with mental retardation is presented. The periodontal examination showed bilateral gingival recession of the mandibular canines and the mandibular first and second molars so severe that it was possible to clinically observe the exposed roots. The diagnosis of self-inflicted gingival lesions and self-injurious behavior was established. Although the lesions are no longer present, the self-injurious behavior persists. Psychologic support was suggested, and an oral removable appliance was fitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delusional infestation is a psychiatric condition defined by a fixed belief of infestation despite contrary evidence. Diagnosis includes exclusion of organic etiologies. Treatment with antipsychotics is effective and safe in the majority of patients. Patients are characteristically reluctant to pursue psychiatric evaluation and may resist discussing their disease in psychiatric terms. Strategies to strengthen the provider-patient therapeutic alliance facilitate communication around appropriate treatment. Without antipsychotic medications, patients can become heavy utilizers of care and practice self-destructive behaviors in attempts to clear their perceived infestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the steep increase, in recent years, of self-harm presentations in adolescent clinics in the UK. It explores this increase, particularly evident in adolescent girls, in the context of a number of parallel developments: the gradual desexualisation of psychoanalysis; the dwindling mental health resources after the 2008 financial crisis with the pressures that adds to young people's stress levels, sense of identity and mental health; the impact of social contagion in adolescents, with both offline and online pressures. The classic psychoanalytic notion of hysteria, as it overlaps with these developments, is suggested as a theoretical and clinical framework to consider for the child psychotherapist working with self-harming adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores participants' experience of what it is like to suffer depression, endured for years. Four women and three men, who each reported a minimum of four years' of depression, were interviewed and themes were generated using interpretative phenomenological analysis. A first complex theme is depths of emptiness, which encompasses decline of will, disconnection from others, empty future, and numbing of the self. A second theme, episodic despairing engulfment, describes agonizing feelings and thoughts, a sense and conviction that one's world and self are being destroyed, a growing belief that there is no escape, and sometimes ideas of suicide. The third theme, the struggle of unending life problems, describes a perceived timeline of struggle and difficulties, and terrible feelings and emotions. Five of the participants engaged in extreme negative thoughts and narrations about themselves, whereas two focused specifically on loss and threatening present situations. We conclude that chronic depression involves the experience of emptiness, but also a repeated experience of the destruction of self, connection to the world, and deepest hopes. In chronic depression there are negative thoughts and feelings, yet crucially, it also involves alterations in motivation, in particular a process in which aims, cares, and concerns that form important parts of the person's life are repeatedly thwarted or destroyed. In extreme occurrences, the phenomenological self seems to be passing out of existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ljetopis Socijalnog Rada / Annual of Social Work is the property of Pravni Fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Studijski Centar Socijalnog Rada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article depicts the struggle of the marginalized people who were longing for their freedom in Canada. People who had a mixed blood named differently throughout the world by carrying a dreadful name called 'METIS'. As a spark from the dark Maria Campbell the protagonist of the novel Halfbreed raised to eradicate the life of the slavery using her pen as a sword. The dominant people subjugate them by controlling and torturing them. Poor self image, cultural violation, assimilation, marginalization, internal violence, self destruction were only seen in the life of those people. The search of identity and a desire to live an independent life made the protagonist to lose all her virginity and also originality. She and all her people desired to live an independent life which is free from all the obstacles. Though they have not given full freedom when they lived they hoped that their future generation would live an independent life. This article deals with the justice which has to be given to those kinds of people who longed to be free from marginalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 70 years since E. Franklin Frazier published The Negro Family in the United States (1948), black communities have witnessed the arrival of black immigrants in unprecedented numbers. Literature on this population suggests that, although African American, African, and Afro-Caribbean families are similarly marginalized by the resuscitation of antiblack practices, they fail to locate refuge in one another. Racial stereotypes work internally to distort and degrade their perception of the "other." African Americans doubt the authenticity of the foreign-born families that move into their neighborhoods or purchase local businesses, while black immigrants conceive of native-born parents as unmotivated and their children as self-destructive. A study of this intraracial, cross-ethnic dynamic, this paper attends to black mothers—those traditionally cast as the bearers of black familial pathology. Using original ethnographic research with native-born and foreign-born black mothers in the city of Hartford, Connecticut, the text posits that black mothers migrate across ethnic borders to yield a motherline—a collective of mothers that not only mutually rears their children but also sees them through the structural and ideological forces that reduce their lives to precarity. Their love for their children stirs a need and a want to align with those whose grievances mirror their own. Amid critical and reflective dialogue about the boundaries that separate them, these mothers jointly forge kinship structures that brace their children for external racial assaults. This close examination of black maternal boundary crossings captures the possibilities of black love on borderlands widely considered marred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Domestic violence and child maltreatment are important public health problems, with an increasing prevalence, for this reason, the complications of domestic violence will be established as an adverse experience, which produces serious immediate, profound and lasting negative effects on the child, as the affectation of the neurobiological functioning of the brain, the interruption in the development of brain circuits and the increase of the levels of stress hormones, which disturb the physical and mental health of the child. Domestic violence is a vicious circle that implies an imbalance of power and is exercised from the strongest to the weakest, with the ultimate goal of exercising control over the intrafamilial relationship, creating a toxic stress in children, which represents one of the adverse experiences more serious that can leave indelible traces, which contribute to health problems, cognitive deficit, language alterations, academic difficulties, emotional problems, self-destructive behaviors that affect subsequent social relationships, increases the risk of diseases and psychosocial problems in adulthood. The World Health Organization (WHO) establishes that violence is preventable by encouraging the use of strategies that support the development of safe, stable and nurturing relationships and environments for parents or caregivers and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The argument is made that attempts at decolonising higher education as a transformative project in an era of a toxic, exponentially strengthening neoliberal performativity is inherently paradoxical, as any new "reconstitution" is bound to remain ensnared within the neoliberal grand narrative. Such reconstitution will produce new (dis)guises, as in their quest to acquiesce institutions engage in a superficiality that might obfuscate "authentic" transformation. Any kind of transformation is likely to render futile and instantly obsolete the very benchmarks by which we might recognise its manifestation. Its cognitive comprehension sustains a perpetual elusiveness, its realisation an unattainable jouissance, as a positivist predetermination of the precise co-ordinates of decolonisation's outcome is likely to render the transformative project vacuous. The decolonisation enterprise and illusions of its comprehensibility are thus marks of our incomprehensibility; its absolute apprehension can only be our realisation of its non-apprehensibility. Quick-fix, knee-jerk knowledgeability necessarily essentialises complexity, the consequence of which is degenerative, dilutive concoctions in the name of appeasement. True decolonisation necessarily self-determines its yardsticks for evaluation, as it is precisely in its fluid (de)colonised outcomes that its "neocolonisation" with all its frailties is revealed. True transformation and decolonisation in the Foucauldian sense is only possible through a significant discursive event, a rupture of unimaginable proportion, a Žižekian "self-destructive" purification. Anything less will simply reinforce colonialism's normalcy, thereby reducing any "emancipatory" initiative to a farcical "fetishistic disavowal". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of psychoactive substances is considered to be a typical self-destructive behaviour with addiction itself regarded as one of the self-destructiveness forms. The aim of this work was to explore the gender differentiation of the indirect self-destructiveness syndrome (and its particular categories) in drug addicted individuals treated in drug addiction treatment centres. 172 drug addicted individuals (116 men and 56 women, M age = 23,5), ranged from 19 to 28 years, was recruited. In order to examine indirect self-destructiveness and its manifestations, the Polish version of the "Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale" by Kelley (CS-DS) was administered. The statistical processing of scores used the Mann-Whitney U significance test. Women treated for drug addiction achieved significantly higher scores on indirect self-destructiveness: general score (p = 0.001), subscales of Transgression and Risk (p = 0.001), Personal and Social Neglects (p = 0.02), and Lack of Planfulness (p < 0.001). They scored lower on Poor Health Maintenance (p < 0.002) and Helplessness (p < 0.001). There is a need for specific, gender-adjusted manners of intervention and treatment in addicted women. Optimistically, after an addiction treatment, women cope and feel better psychologically and socially. They also care more about their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to identify the benefits of psychotherapy in the treatment and recovery of borderline personality disorders. Self-mutilation, suicidal ideation, fluctuating mood, strong rage against one's own person, mitigated by the use of alcohol, chaotic sex life, self-destructive behavior, and inner-sightedness are part of the criteria for diagnosing borderline personality disorders. Patient problems are extremely different from case to case: auto or heterogression behavior, substance abuse, eating disorders, sexual promiscuity. The methods used in the realization of the study are maieutics, dialectics, progressive relaxation, hypnotherapy. The case study concerned a young woman, Maria G., and presents the synthesis of a number of investigations and the techniques used in the therapy because the disorder is of moderate intensity, accepting that in mild or moderate cases cognitive techniques predominate, so that in severe cases the approach is initially made behaviorally and later through cognitive techniques. Results Through the psycho-educational approach, the patient has gained better control capacity and better crisis management. Since at the time of coming into therapy she was four months prior to the bachelor's examination, she was taught about time management so she could go through the entire examination material. The outcome was favorable, with the patient becoming a BA graduate. Having left Piteşti, she asked to be transferred to another psychotherapist and psychiatrist to help her resolve crisis situations in the future. Our scientific approach makes it easy to draw conclusions about the possible causal role and the relationship between intensely traumatic experiences and the severity of selfdestructive behavior manifestations that these patients manifest. An integrated, diversified and staggered therapy is required over a longer period of time, with encouraging results for both the patient and the therapist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a major public health problem, and suicide rates are still on the rise. Current strategies for identifying individuals at risk for suicide, such as the use of a patient's self-reported suicidal ideation or evidence of past suicide attempts, have not been sufficient in reducing suicide rates. Recently, research groups have been focused on determining the acute mental state preceding a suicide attempt. The development of an acute suicidal diagnosis, the Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS), is aimed at capturing this state to better treat individuals. The SCS has five main evidence-based components-entrapment, affective disturbance, loss of cognitive control, hyperarousal, and social withdrawal. The SCS may provide clinicians with the ability to identify individuals who are experiencing an acute pre-suicidal mental state, regardless of their self-reported suicidal ideation. Future research leading to the incorporation of this diagnosis into clinical practice could improve the quality of care and reduce the personal, societal, and legal burden of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intentional self-poisoning is the leading method of suicidal behavior leading to medical attention worldwide. The medical severity of self-poisoning events has major treatment, prognostic, and medico-legal implications, yet measures of severity are limited. The Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) is a widely used scale but validation data are limited, particularly in the study of suicidal behavior per se. The sample was a consecutive series of intentional self-poisoning patients aged 13 to 65 treated at a large university medical center (n = 673). PSS scores, with a range 0 (none) to 4 (death), were calculated along with other structured clinical data and analyzed in a series of linear regressions adjusted for age and sex. Higher PSS scores were consistently associated with greater medical morbidity and more intensive acute medical treatments, and nearly all effect sizes were large. Results support the validity of the PSS in hospital-treated self-poisoning patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a vast body of literature on a significant role of the family in developing of self-image and aggression behaviour. Not only family structure (a complete or an incomplete family) is important, but also parental attitude. Parents are role models for their children, thus if they display inappropriate behavior, it poses the risk of improper child development, manifested by their distorted self-image as well as self-destructive and aggressive behaviour. The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the influence of parental attitude on aggressive behaviour of adolescents and their low self-esteem related to body image. Both parents and their adolescent daughters participated in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical data indicate that the rates of non-suicidal self-harm (SH) are rising and developing younger, causing increasing concern. However, to date, no United Kingdom (UK), Irish or European community based surveys have been able to determine the prevalence rates of not only SH ideation but also actual incidences of SH behaviours in younger adolescent groups (11-14 years). Hence the aim of the current study was to establish an estimate of how SH may be developing in children as young as 11 up to 14 years, and compare these rates with more established older adolescent age groups of 15 up to 18 years. Method: A cross-sectional online survey design was used, where a total of 864 adolescents (56% female, n = 480), aged from 11 up to 18 years, were recruited from four post-primary schools in the north-west region of NI. Results: The rates of SH ideation in the younger adolescents (11-14 years) was reported to be 7.9%, and SH behaviours was 5.7%. When compared to the older adolescents (15-18 years), the rate of SH ideation was reported to be 18.5%, and the rate of SH behaviours was 12.5% (which are comparable to others parts of UK, Republic of Ireland and Europe). Females are more at risk of SH ideation and behaviours than males in both age groups. Conclusion: SH ideation and SH behaviours are developing at a much younger age than was previously considered in school-based community settings. Recommendations for future research studies include lowering the age threshold of participant samples and focusing on female adolescents in order to explore the prevalence of SH ideation and behaviours in this vulnerable group. Tentative theories have been suggested regarding the use of social media, social comparison, perfectionism and contagion as potential predictors which require further exploration in relation to adolescent SH ideation and SH behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shame and anger are distinct yet interrelated emotions that have both been implicated in the occurrence of impulsive, self-destructive behavior (ISDB); however, the intricacies of these relations remain sparsely examined. Some research, mostly with anxiety and depression, suggests that an aversive reaction to the experience of negative emotions can result in efforts to escape or avoid such experiences. The current study sought to extend this model to the experience of shame. Consistently, we predicted that aversive reactions to shame would be associated with anger, which would be associated with ISDB. Four hundred and seventy-five undergraduate students completed a series of online questionnaires. Serial mediation was performed and r-square indicated that 35.55% of the variance in impulsive behavior was explained by this model. As predicted, shame had a significant indirect effect on anger through aversive reactions to emotions and on ISDB through aversive reactions to emotions and anger. Unexpectedly the reverse model, with an aversive reaction to anger predicting shame and ISDB, was also significant suggesting possible bidirectional relations between these constructs. This study is among the first to examine a possible mechanism by which shame can lead to ISDB, providing potential points of intervention for treatment. • Examined relations of shame, anger, and impulsive self-destructive behavior. • Utilized cross-sectional undergraduate sample. • Shame and anger were independently associated with impulsive self-destructive behavior. • An aversive reaction to shame predicted anger and impulsive behavior. • In reverse, aversive reaction to anger predicted shame and impulsive behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bulk of mass media and substance cue research has examined the processes and effects of substance cue images in isolation under controlled experimental conditions. However, little attention has been devoted to delineating the specific outcomes associated with simultaneous polysubstance depictions. This study experimentally examined whether alcohol, marijuana, and junk food mediated cues influence craving independently and whether craving for these substances is co-facilitated by simultaneous polysubstance cue depictions. At a laboratory session, participants reported their craving to substance cues in isolation and when paired with one another. The results from this study support the incentive sensitization model and polysubstance literature indicating that alcohol and marijuana cues facilitate craving for both alcohol and marijuana above and beyond when alcohol and marijuana cues are depicted in isolation for high and low users of each substance. Junk food craving was not facilitated by alcohol and marijuana cues. Theoretically, this study supports the notion that simultaneous and repeated use of multiple substances results in greater hypersensitivity and craving to mediated polysubstance cues than the cues in isolation. Practically, this study provides a word of caution for researchers examining craving responses to mediated substance cue messages and recommendations for health professionals and message designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Blue Whale Challenge" is a dangerous Internet phenomenon. As per media reports, it involves a series of life‐threatening tasks imposed by a "curator" to "players," who must fulfill the whole list, and it ends with the suicide of the player. The authors report the data of five suspected cases of "Blue Whales" managed from January 2016 to December 2017 by the staff of a unit (the "Bambi Unit" of the Pediatric Hospital "Regina Margherita" of Turin, Italy) that is dedicated to the evaluation of suspected abused children. Then, they analyzed this data in the light of the literature regarding self‐harm. This comparison highlights the role of the Internet in the spreading of self‐harm behavior among vulnerable adolescents who are characterized by epidemiological, psychological, psychiatric, social, and cultural risk factors. In conclusion, the authors suggest a multidisciplinary and specialized approach in the evaluation of adolescents who committed self‐harm activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a disorder that affects mainly women and often manifests itself through self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts. The perception that these patients are themselves to blame for their self-destructive behavior is a common reaction when clinical practitioners are faced with this behavior. Recent philosophical work has tried to reconceptualize the responsibility of personality disorder patients (i.e. Pickard's responsibility without blame). In this article, I problematize the focus on responsibility as a conceptual and therapeutic approach to deliberate self-injury in patients with BPD. I suggest that this thin, content-neutral account of responsibility fails to properly consider the complex phenomenology of BPD selfhood and self-harm. Instead, I forward an alternative model based on a thick account of responsibility to examine in more detail the social formation of substantive content of the will. The article explains how borderline is a disorder of the self-in-relation, which tracks the socializing, relational factors that contribute to the development of a dysfunctional BPD selfhood premised on self-punishment, self-abnegation, and self-loathing. Moreover, the framework lends itself to an alternative normative standpoint to self-harming behavior in individuals with BPD, which focuses on the therapeutic nurturance and validation of emotion and needs, before the treatment of individuals as responsible agents. I explore how such a standpoint is applied in schema-focused and dialectical behavioral therapy treatments of BPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Although research has identified interpersonal difficulties as risk factors for adolescent suicidality, parent and peer relationships are often assessed as discrete risk domains.Methods: The current study uses a social network approach to assess individual differences in the degree to which a clinical sample of 129 adolescents being treated for suicidal ideation rely on parents or peers for their attachment needs.Results: Youth who affiliated with deviant peers were more likely to: (a) report greater intensity (increased frequency and duration and decreased controllability) of their suicide ideation, and (b) identify peers rather than adults as attachment figures.Conclusions: Adolescents' peer relationships are associated with suicide ideation intensity in a clinical sample of suicidal and depressed adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines the correlation between the aggression, suicidal ideation and positive life orientation among adolescent boys of Kashmir. The sample consists of 100 adolescent boys (n= 100) from two different schools of Kashmir. Aggression questionnaire by Buss and Perry, Multi attitude Suicidal Scale (MAST) by Isreal Orbach and Positive life orientation scale by Agarwal and Dalal was used for data collection. The results revealed significant correlations among the dimensions of aggression with all the dimensions of suicidal ideation. The results also showed that hostility is negatively correlated with positive life orientation. The results showed significant correlation between positive life orientation and two dimension of suicidal ideation: attraction to life while repulsion by life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy makers and researchers have worked to explain the perplexing rise in U.S. military suicides since 2001, with little progress in explaining this widespread phenomenon. This article synthesizes several literatures to highlight the role of emotion dysregulation in military suicidality. After considering advances in suicidal ideation‐to‐action frameworks and the factors that contribute to the prevalence of emotion dysregulation in the modern U.S. military, it explores how military service provides for two distinct circumstances in which such emotion dysregulation may facilitate the transition from suicidal ideation to behavior. The first circumstance is high distress tolerance, wherein the effects of disproportionately high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among service‐members may increase vulnerability to suicidal behavior. The second circumstance is preexisting acquired capability with lethal means paired with executive functioning degradation. Empirically associated with military environments, such degradation may undermine the effectiveness of top‐down emotion regulation strategies—thereby allowing acquired familiarity with lethal means to assist the transition from suicidal ideation to action. Thus, emotion dysregulation's unique relationship with the U.S. military may help to explain the powerful correlation between service and suicide since 2001—suggesting that enhancing emotion regulation skills may present a key leverage point for effectively addressing the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the study that investigates the longitudinal relations between non-suicidal self-injury and emotion regulation in teenagers in New Zealand. The topics discussed include the percentage of teenage population with suicidal intent, the risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury, and the difference of emotion regulation between girls and boys.

Although suicide remains a leading cause of death for adolescents, risk factors beyond diagnoses and suicide attempt history remain unclear. We examined whether cognitive style and temperament impact risk for an early, yet still clinically relevant and distressing, form of suicidality: active suicidal ideation. We used binary logistic regression to test whether brooding, inattention, and impulsivity predicted significantly increased risk for suicidal ideation in a sample of 134 twins, 46 of whom endorsed active suicidal ideation (i.e., probands), as well as probands' cotwins and matched controls. When comparing probands with controls and controlling for depression diagnoses, brooding (B = 0.73, Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.07, p = 0.021), inattention (B = 1.09, OR = 2.98, p < 0.001), and impulsivity (B = 0.91, OR = 2.47, p = 0.001) differentiated probands from controls, individually. We compared probands with their cotwins using the same approach, which allowed us to account for variance in suicidal ideation risk related to twins' shared, familial characteristics (e.g., prenatal environment, neighborhood); inattention was the only significant predictor of suicidal ideation risk (B = 0.66, OR = 1.93, p = 0.020). We then fit a logistic regression model that included all three predictors. Only inattention predicted significantly increased likelihood of suicidal ideation in proband versus controls and proband versus cotwin comparisons (B = 0.88, OR = 2.40, p = 0.024 and B = 0.67, OR = 1.96, p = 0.045, respectively). These results highlight the potential utility of examining novel, more proximal risk factors for suicidal ideation in addition to more established distal factors, like suicide attempt history and psychiatric diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We examined nature and construct validity of PTSD-reckless/self-destructive behaviors (RSDBs) typologies. • We found three subgroups: Low vs. High PTSD-RSDBs, and High PTSD-Low RSDBs. • Impairment and depression predicted the High PTSD-Low RSDBs vs. Low PTSD-RSDBs classes. • Impairment, age, gender, and depression predicted the High vs. Low PTSD-RSDBs classes. • Traumas, gender, age, and depression predicted the High vs. High PTSD-Low RSDBs classes. Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comorbid with diverse reckless and self-destructive behaviors (RSDBs). We examined the nature and construct validity (covariates of age, gender, depression severity, number of trauma types, functional impairment) of the optimal class solution categorizing participants based on PTSD symptom and RSDB endorsement. The sample included 417 trauma-exposed individuals recruited through Amazon's MTurk platform who completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, the Posttrauma Risky Behaviors Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Latent profile analyses indicated an optimal three-class solution: the Low PTSD-RSDBs, High PTSD-Low RSDBs, and High PTSD-RSDBs classes. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that impairment and depression predicted the High PTSD-Low RSDBs vs. the Low PTSD-RSDBs classes. Impairment, age, being female, and depression predicted the High vs. Low PTSD-RSDBs classes. Number of trauma types, age, being female, and depression predicted the High PTSD-RSDBs vs. High PTSD-Low RSDBs classes. Results support the presence of a reckless behaviors subtype of PTSD (characterized by greater depression, greater impariment, greater number of trauma types, being male, and being younger), conducting comprehensive assessments of RSDBs for individuals reporting PTSD symptoms and of PTSD symptoms for individuals reporting RSDBs, and the need to tailor interventions to treat PTSD and RSDBs concurrently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]