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Studies suggest that guilt feeling plays an important role in mental health. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship among two kinds of guilt feeling (pathological and non pathological), religious attitude and mental health. Participants were undergraduate students (N = 312), who were selected by available sampling and completed General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 28), religious attitude questionnaire and researcher constructed guilt feeling Questionnaire. Our findings showed a negative significant correlation (P

School success is determined by a set of psychical processes, attributes and structures which lead to differences between pupils with very good results and those with poor school results The objective of the paper is to establish the relation between the personality type and academic performances of teenage pupils through the delimitation of the personality factors generating these performances. Without using up the analysis of psychological factors responsible of school success, we proposed to establish the implications of certain non-cognitive factors over teenagers'school results, identified through a personality test. The statistical analysis of data showed that there are significant differences between pupils with superior results and those with poor results, as concerns the personality traits. The conclusion of the study confirms the idea that pupils’ academic results do not depend only on intellectual aptitudes but also on a series of personality factors – scrupulosity, emotional sensitivity, self-assertion, common sense, expansive tendency.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pathological guilt and image of God with depression in cancer patients. Participants were 100 (50 females and 50 males) cancer patients selected by convenient sampling and answered to three questionnaires: Pathological Guilt Questionnaire (PGQ), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and God Image Inventory (GII). The results of the regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between depression and pathological guilt and also between the god image and depression. Moreover, the results of regression analysis showed that the pathological guilt has a significant role in predicting depression.

Religious compulsions in four patients are presented to show the phenomenological similarities and differences between religious and compulsive rituals. The role of religious ritual observance in predisposing to obsessive-compulsive neurosis is discussed and minor modifications in the usual course of behavioral treatment are suggested. The proportion of religious compulsions among obsessive-compulsive neurotics is compared with two other populations studied.

This chapter discusses the disturbed child as a patient. The child who attends a child psychiatric clinic is in a different position. In a few instances, the child may appear ill, may tremble, look pale, bite his nails, or complain of headache; more often the child neither falls ill nor complains of anything. The following are signs of disturbance: (1) signs of disturbance: (1) the lifestyle, (2) emotional immaturity, (3) social difficulties, (4) dissatisfaction, (5) intolerance of frustration, (5) facing reality, and (6) learning difficulties. The following are symptoms of disturbance: (1) symptom as communication, (2) adaptive or maladaptive symptom, (3) self-rewarding or instrumental, (4) age-linked symptom, (5) attempts at self-cure. Response and reaction children who sublimate successfully or who react by scrupulosity and over conformity or who are model pupils may be praised and set as an example, yet these children are also disturbed. Many so-called symptoms are normal at certain stages of development and in children never referred to clinics, for example, temper tantrums and masturbation. Parental expectations, standards, and personal problems may account for the referral of such children. A child who presents with multiple symptoms, enuresis, pilfering, night terrors, temper tantrums, for example, is likely to be disturbed. When a child is sufficiently disturbed as to require special educational treatment, it is necessary that the child be deemed maladjusted and recommended for special schooling.

The attitudes of Catholicism and Judaism to scrupulosity are presented and the similarity between their management programmes and present-day behavioural psychotherapy is noted. Two famous cases are presented from 16th-century Europe and a further four cases from our 20th-century clinic in Jerusalem. Certain common features are noted, typical of obsessive-compulsive disorders, while some features, typical of scrupulosity, are best understood by considering both their religious and psychological importance.

Background The objective of this study was to examine the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and behavioral therapy and to identify predictors of clinical outcome. Method Sixty outpatients meeting DSM-II-R or DSM-IV criteria for OCD were followed up for 1 to 5 years (mean = 2.5 years). All of them received prolonged pharmacologic therapy with an SRI. Results Thirty-seven patients (61.7%) completed an adequate behavioral treatment. At long-term assessment, 22 patients (36.7%) exhibited a global Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score greater than 16 or a final reduction in Y-BOCS global score of less than 35% and were considered nonresponders. Patients who completed behavioral therapy showed a significant decrease in Y-BOCS compulsions subscale score (p = .01), whereas no significant differences in either Y-BOCS global or obsessions subscale scores between those who did and those who did not undergo behavioral therapy were detected. Obsessions of sexual/religious content were the unique factor related to a poorer long-term outcome. Conclusion A substantial number of OCD patients showed persistent disabling symptoms at the long-term follow-up in spite of combined pharmacologic and behavioral treatment. Major benefits from behavioral therapy appeared to be the improvement of ritualistic behaviors. Sexual/religious obsessions predicted poorer long-term outcome, whereas short-term response to SRI treatment failed to achieve predictive value in the long-term course of OCD.

Background: Scrupulosity is one of the mental disorders with a history richer than any other disorder. However, much of the published literature lacks a thorough clinical coverage of the issue. Based on previous studies, most patients with scrupulosity particularly follow dysfunctional thinking patterns related to moral and religious issues. The main goal of this study was to examine the role of God's image and thought control strategies in prediction of scrupulosity intensity in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: Available sampling was used to select sixty patients with OCD (confirmed according to DSM-IV criteria and through clinical interviews) from the persons that referred to counseling centers, clinics and psychiatric clinics in Shiraz. In this correlational study, patients were tested via God Image Scale (GIS), Thought Control Strategies (TCS), Peen Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS) and Beck Depression Scale-II. Thus, the intensity of scrupulosity, as the criterion variable, was predicted by image of God and strategies of intrusive thought control. In addition, depression, education and marital status of patients were statistically controlled. The correlations between variables were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS16. Findings: The mean age of subjects was 25.35 ± 6.91. While Bachelor's degree was the most prevalent educational level (53.33%), 23.3% of subjects had high school diploma, 15% had a master's degree and 8.4% had not even finished high school. The majority of subjects were single (65%). The results showed that the combination of acceptance (B: 0.58, P ≤ 0.001) and God's presence (B: -0/38, P ≤ 0.011) along with punishment strategy (B: 0.33, P ≤ 0.005) could predict 44% of the intensity of scrupulosity in people with OCD. Conclusion: This study provided psychologists and psychotherapists with an opportunity to that consider the type of image and attitudes patients have toward God. As we know, thinking of God as accepting increases the intensity of scrupulosity while considering him as present decreases the problem. In addition, with punishment strategy being identified as the only scrupulosity-related strategy, it needs to be replaced by healthier methods to inhibit and control the intrusive thoughts in patients.

The Marquette Study of Student Values analyzes religious practices, moral values, and attitudes among Catholic college students. From 1961 to 1971 decreasingfrequency of student attendance at Mass and Confession together with attitudinal changes toward religious practices are evident. Changes in attitudes about dating, decreased scrupulosity in areas of personal honesty and responsibility, looser attitudes toward selected items of personal morality, and increased consideration for others also were revealed. Most changes may be interpreted as reflecting decreased compliance with traditional Church norms, increased conformity to values of American society, and conflicting values related to both cultural pluralism and pluralism within the Catholic Church.