107,560 results on '"Scherer, A."'
Search Results
252. Harmonization of clinical practice guidelines for primary prevention and screening: actionable recommendations and resources for primary care
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Fernandes, Carolina, Campbell-Scherer, Denise, Lofters, Aisha, Grunfeld, Eva, Aubrey-Bassler, Kris, Cheung, Heidi, Latko, Katherine, Tink, Wendy, Lewanczuk, Richard, Shea-Budgell, Melissa, Heisey, Ruth, Wong, Tracy, Yang, Huiming, Walji, Sakina, Wilson, Margo, Holmes, Elizabeth, Lang-Robertson, Kelly, DeLonghi, Christina, and Manca, Donna Patricia
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- 2024
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253. Asking the generalist – evaluation of a General Practice rounding and consult service
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Schmalstieg-Bahr, Katharina, MacDonald, Sophia, Pohontsch, Nadine, Debus, Sebastian, and Scherer, Martin
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- 2024
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254. Neural signatures of indirect pathway activity during subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
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Steiner, Leon A., Crompton, David, Sumarac, Srdjan, Vetkas, Artur, Germann, Jürgen, Scherer, Maximilian, Justich, Maria, Boutet, Alexandre, Popovic, Milos R., Hodaie, Mojgan, Kalia, Suneil K., Fasano, Alfonso, Hutchison WD, William D., Lozano, Andres M., Lankarany, Milad, Kühn, Andrea A., and Milosevic, Luka
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- 2024
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255. Antigen-specific Fab profiling achieves molecular-resolution analysis of human autoantibody repertoires in rheumatoid arthritis
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Stork, Eva Maria, van Rijswijck, Danique M. H., van Schie, Karin A., Hoek, Max, Kissel, Theresa, Scherer, Hans Ulrich, Huizinga, Tom W. J., Heck, Albert J. R., Toes, Rene E. M., and Bondt, Albert
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- 2024
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256. Deep sequencing of candidate genes identified 14 variants associated with smoking abstinence in an ethnically diverse sample
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Cinciripini, Paul M., Wetter, David W., Wang, Jian, Yu, Robert, Kypriotakis, George, Kumar, Tapsi, Robinson, Jason D., Cui, Yong, Green, Charles E., Bergen, Andrew W., Kosten, Thomas R., Scherer, Steven E., and Shete, Sanjay
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- 2024
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257. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake: an online three-wave survey study of US adults
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Thorpe, Alistair, Fagerlin, Angela, Drews, Frank A., Shoemaker, Holly, Brecha, Federica S., and Scherer, Laura D.
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- 2024
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258. Key components of sustainable climate-smart ocean planning
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Frazão Santos, Catarina, Agardy, Tundi, Crowder, Larry B., Day, Jon C., Pinsky, Malin L., Himes-Cornell, Amber, Reimer, Julie M., García-Morales, Sara, Bennett, Nathan J., Lombard, Amanda T., Calado, Helena, Scherer, Marinez, Flannery, Wesley, Wedding, Lisa M., and Gissi, Elena
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- 2024
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259. Effects of plant diversity on productivity strengthen over time due to trait-dependent shifts in species overyielding
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Zheng, Liting, Barry, Kathryn E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B., Verheyen, Kris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dolezal, Jiri, Auge, Harald, Fagundes, Marina V., Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Forrester, David I., Ganade, Gislene, Gebauer, Tobias, Haase, Josephine, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andy, Hérault, Bruno, Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B., Irawan, Bambang, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lanta, Vojtech, Leps, Jan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Montagnini, Florencia, Mörsdorf, Martin, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, William C., Parker, John D., Parrotta, John A., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Piotto, Daniel, Wayne Polley, H., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Quosh, Julius, Rewald, Boris, Godbold, Douglas L., van Ruijven, Jasper, Standish, Rachel J., Stefanski, Artur, Sundawati, Leti, Urgoiti, Jon, Williams, Laura J., Wilsey, Brian J., Yang, Baiyu, Zhang, Li, Zhao, Zhao, Yang, Yongchuan, Sandén, Hans, Ebeling, Anne, Schmid, Bernhard, Fischer, Markus, Kotowska, Martyna M., Palmborg, Cecilia, Tilman, David, Yan, Enrong, and Hautier, Yann
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- 2024
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260. Interprofessional collaboration in the home care setting: perspectives of people receiving home care, relatives, nurses, general practitioners, and therapists—results of a qualitative analysis
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Sekanina, Uta, Tetzlaff, Britta, Mazur, Ana, Huckle, Tilman, Kühn, Anja, Dano, Richard, Höckelmann, Carolin, Scherer, Martin, Balzer, Katrin, Köpke, Sascha, Hummers, Eva, and Müller, Christiane
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- 2024
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261. Under pressure: an integrated assessment of human activities and their potential impact on the ecosystem components of the Southern Brazilian continental shelf
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Scherer, Marinez E. G., Sardinha, Gabriela D., de Souza, Vitor, Gandra, Tiago B. R., Floeter, Sergio R., Liedke, Ana M. R., Rodrigues, Amanda R., Bonetti, Jarbas, Gomes, Vicente, Fernandes, Lohengrin, Ferrari, Débora S., Silva, Fernanda C., Conti, Luís A., Pedreschi, Debbi, and Gasalla, Maria A.
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- 2024
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262. Two decades of research on ocean multi-use: achievements, challenges and the need for transdisciplinarity
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Guyot-Téphany, Josselin, Trouillet, Brice, Diederichsen, Sereno, Juell-Skielse, Elea, Thomas, Jean-Baptiste E, McCann, Jennifer, Rebours, Céline, Scherer, Marinez, Freeman, Peter, Gröndahl, Fredrik, Walsh, John Patrick, and Lukic, Ivana
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- 2024
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263. The potential of international large-scale assessments for meta-analyses in education
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Scherer, Ronny, Siddiq, Fazilat, and Nilsen, Trude
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- 2024
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264. Strategies for addressing the needs of children with or at risk of developmental disabilities in early childhood by 2030: a systematic umbrella review
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Smythe, Tracey, Scherer, Nathaniel, Nanyunja, Carol, Tann, Cally J., and Olusanya, Bolajoko O.
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- 2024
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265. Is loneliness associated with cancellation of medical appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS)
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Hajek, A., Petersen, E., Schäfer, I., Harth, V., Koch-Gromus, U., Härter, M., Schulz, H., Scherer, M., and König, H.H.
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- 2024
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266. Correlation of visual field deficits and q-ball high-resolution fiber tractography of the optic radiation for adjacently located intracerebral lesions: preliminary results from a single-center prospective study
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Lenga, Pavlina, Scherer, Moritz, Peretzke, Robin, Neher, Peter, Jesser, Jessica, Beisse, Christina, Unterberg, Andreas W., and Daniela, Becker
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- 2024
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267. Forschungshighlights aus dem Jahr 2023 des SCQM-Patientenregisters
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Scherer, Almut
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- 2024
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268. Optimal design of investment committees
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Scherer, Bernd
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- 2024
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269. Making Oneself “Fit”: Community Perspectives on Disaggregated Race and Ethnicity Data Collection and Reporting in Healthcare Settings
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Kader, Farah, Cárdenas, Luisa, Lee, Matthew, Chebli, Perla, Ðoàn, Lan N., Kamler, Alexandra, Yi, Stella S., and Scherer, Maya
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- 2024
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270. Enhancing Tree Performance Through Species Mixing: Review of a Quarter-Century of TreeDivNet Experiments Reveals Research Gaps and Practical Insights
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Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Dhiedt, Els, Blondeel, Haben, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Chu, Chengjin, Damtew, Abebe, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fagundes, Marina V., Ganade, Gislene, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Godbold, Douglas, Gravel, Dominique, Guillemot, Joannès, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andrew, Hérault, Bruno, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schnabel, Florian, Sousa-Silva, Rita, Weih, Martin, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Verheyen, Kris, and Baeten, Lander
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- 2024
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271. The effect of depressive symptoms on quality of life and its different facets in the oldest age population: evidence from the AgeQualiDe prospective cohort study
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Liegert, Paula, Pabst, Alexander, Conrad, Ines, van den Bussche, Hendrik, Eisele, Marion, Hajek, André, Heser, Kathrin, Kleineidam, Luca, Weyerer, Siegfried, Werle, Jochen, Pentzek, Michael, Weeg, Dagmar, Mösch, Edelgard, Wiese, Birgitt, Oey, Anke, Wagner, Michael, Maier, Wolfgang, König, Hans-Helmut, Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Scherer, Martin, and Luppa, Melanie
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- 2024
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272. Genetic testing in adults with neurologic disorders: indications, approach, and clinical impacts
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Dratch, Laynie, Azage, Meron, Baldwin, Aaron, Johnson, Kelsey, Paul, Rachel A., Bardakjian, Tanya M., Michon, Sara-Claude, Amado, Defne A., Baer, Michael, Deik, Andres F., Elman, Lauren B., Gonzalez-Alegre, Pedro, Guo, Michael H., Hamedani, Ali G., Irwin, David J., Lasker, Aaron, Orthmann-Murphy, Jennifer, Quinn, Colin, Tropea, Thomas F., Scherer, Steven S., and Ellis, Colin A.
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- 2024
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273. Digital gender gaps in Students’ knowledge, attitudes and skills: an integrative data analysis across 32 Countries
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Campos, Diego G. and Scherer, Ronny
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- 2024
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274. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to spectral signatures of hadronic PeVatrons with application to Galactic Supernova Remnants
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Consortium, The Cherenkov Telescope Array, Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Adam, R., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aguirre-Santaella, A., Alfaro, J., Aloisio, R., Crespo, N. Álvarez, Batista, R. Alves, Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Angüner, E. O., Aramo, C., Arcaro, C., Armstrong, T., Asano, K., Ascasibar, Y., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Ballet, J., Larriva, A. Baquero, Martins, V. Barbosa, de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Baxter, J. R., Tjus, J. Becker, Benbow, W., Bernardos-Martín, M. I., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Bhattacharjee, P., Bhattacharyya, S., Biland, A., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Bordas, P., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Brose, R., Bucciantini, N., Bulgarelli, A., Capasso, M., Dolcetta, R. A. Capuzzo, Caraveo, P., Cardillo, M., Carosi, R., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cassol, F., Catalani, F., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, P., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiavassa, A., Chudoba, J., Coimbra-Araujo, C., Conforti, V., Contreras, J. L., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Cristofari, P., Crocker, R., D'Amico, G., D'Ammando, F., De Angelis, A., De Caprio, V., Pino, E. M. de Gouveia Dal, Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, de Souza, V., Delgado, C., della Volpe, D., Depaoli, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Diebold, S., Djuvsland, J. I., Donini, A., Doro, M., Anjos, R. d. C. Dos, Dwarkadas, V. V., Einecke, S., Elsässer, D., Emery, G., Evoli, C., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fedorova, E., Fegan, S., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Filipovic, M., Fioretti, V., Fiori, M., Foffano, L., Fontaine, G., Fukami, S., Galanti, G., Galaz, G., Gammaldi, V., Gasbarra, C., Ghalumyan, A., Ghirlanda, G., Giarrusso, M., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Giuliani, A., Giunti, L., Godinovic, N., Coelho, J. Goulart, Gréaux, L., Green, D., Grondin, M-H., Gueta, O., Gunji, S., Hassan, T., Heller, M., Hernández-Cadena, S., Hinton, J., Hnatyk, B., Hnatyk, R., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Holder, J., Horan, D., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Inada, T., Incardona, F., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jin, W., Jung-Richardt, I., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Karas, V., Katz, U., Kerszberg, D., Khélifi, B., Kieda, D. B., Kissmann, R., Kleiner, T., Kluge, G., Kluzniak, W., Knödlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kornecki, P., Kubo, H., La Palombara, N., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Lapington, J., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leone, F., Leto, G., Leuschner, F., Lindfors, E., Liodakis, I., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Macias, O., Mackey, J., Majumdar, P., Mandat, D., Manganaro, M., Manicò, G., Marconi, M., Martí, J., Martínez, G., Martinez, M., Martinez, O., Mello, A. J. T. S., Menchiari, S., Meyer, D. M. -A., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miceli, M., Michalowski, J., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mitchell, A., Mode, B., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Morcuende, D., Morlino, G., Morselli, A., Mosè, M., Moulin, E., Mukherjee, R., Munari, K., Murach, T., Nagai, A., Nagataki, S., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nikolajuk, M., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Novosyadlyj, B., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohm, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Olmi, B., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, E., Orlando, S., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Pantaleo, F. R., Paredes, J. M., Patricelli, B., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Pérez-Romero, J., Persic, M., Petruk, O., Piano, G., Pietropaolo, E., Pirola, G., Pittori, C., Pohl, M., Ponti, G., Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Pueschel, E., Pühlhofer, G., Pumo, M. L., Quirrenbach, A., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reposeur, T., Ribó, M., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rigoselli, M., Riitano, L., Rizi, V., Roache, E., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Rosado, J., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sadeh, I., Safi-Harb, S., Saha, L., Sailer, S., Sánchez-Conde, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Scherer, A., Schovánek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Scuderi, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Shang, R-Y., Sharma, P., Siejkowski, H., Sliusar, V., Słowikowska, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S. T., Spengler, G., Stamerra, A., Stanič, S., Starecki, T., Starling, R., Stolarczyk, T., Pereira, L. A. Stuani, Suda, Y., Suomijarvi, T., Sushch, I., Tajima, H., Tam, P-H. T., Tanaka, S. J., Tavecchio, F., Testa, V., Tian, W., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tothill, N., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., van Eldik, C., van Scherpenberg, J., Vandenbroucke, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vecchi, M., Vercellone, S., Verna, G., Viana, A., Vignatti, J., Vitale, V., Vodeb, V., Vorobiov, S., Vuillaume, T., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., White, M., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D., Yang, L., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zaharijas, G., Zampieri, L., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zhdanov, V. I., and Živec, M.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The local Cosmic Ray (CR) energy spectrum exhibits a spectral softening at energies around 3~PeV. Sources which are capable of accelerating hadrons to such energies are called hadronic PeVatrons. However, hadronic PeVatrons have not yet been firmly identified within the Galaxy. Several source classes, including Galactic Supernova Remnants (SNRs), have been proposed as PeVatron candidates. The potential to search for hadronic PeVatrons with the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is assessed. The focus is on the usage of very high energy $\gamma$-ray spectral signatures for the identification of PeVatrons. Assuming that SNRs can accelerate CRs up to knee energies, the number of Galactic SNRs which can be identified as PeVatrons with CTA is estimated within a model for the evolution of SNRs. Additionally, the potential of a follow-up observation strategy under moonlight conditions for PeVatron searches is investigated. Statistical methods for the identification of PeVatrons are introduced, and realistic Monte--Carlo simulations of the response of the CTA observatory to the emission spectra from hadronic PeVatrons are performed. Based on simulations of a simplified model for the evolution for SNRs, the detection of a $\gamma$-ray signal from in average 9 Galactic PeVatron SNRs is expected to result from the scan of the Galactic plane with CTA after 10 hours of exposure. CTA is also shown to have excellent potential to confirm these sources as PeVatrons in deep observations with $\mathcal{O}(100)$ hours of exposure per source., Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
- Published
- 2023
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275. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Systematic Transient Search of 3-Day Maps
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Li, Yaqiong, Biermann, Emily, Naess, Sigurd, Aiola, Simone, An, Rui, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Calabrese, Erminia, Choi, Steve K., Crowley, Kevin T., Devlin, Mark, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Dunkley, Jo, Dunner, Rolando, Gallardo, Patricio A., Guan, Yilun, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hincks, Adam D., Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Kosowsky, Arthur, Louis, Thibaut, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, McMahon, Jeff, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Sifon, Cristobal, Salatino, Maria, Staggs, Suzanne T., Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wang, Yuhan, and Wollack, Edward J.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
We conduct a systematic search for transients in three years of data (2017-2019) from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). ACT covers 40 percent of the sky at three bands spanning from 77 GHz to 277 GHz. Analysis of 3-day mean-subtracted sky maps, which were match-filtered for point sources, yielded 29 transients detections. Eight of these transients are due to known asteroids, and three others were previously published. Four of these events occur in areas of with poor noise models and thus we cannot be confident they are real transients. We are left with 14 new transient events occurring at 11 unique locations. All of these events are associated with either rotationally variable stars or cool stars. Ten events have flat or falling spectra indicating radiation from synchrotron emission. One event has a rising spectrum indicating a different engine for the flare.
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- 2023
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276. Convolutional Neural Networks as 2-D systems
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Gramlich, Dennis, Pauli, Patricia, Scherer, Carsten W., Allgöwer, Frank, and Ebenbauer, Christian
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
This paper introduces a novel representation of convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in terms of 2-D dynamical systems. To this end, the usual description of convolutional layers with convolution kernels, i.e., the impulse responses of linear filters, is realized in state space as a linear time-invariant 2-D system. The overall convolutional Neural Network composed of convolutional layers and nonlinear activation functions is then viewed as a 2-D version of a Lur'e system, i.e., a linear dynamical system interconnected with static nonlinear components. One benefit of this 2-D Lur'e system perspective on CNNs is that we can use robust control theory much more efficiently for Lipschitz constant estimation than previously possible.
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- 2023
277. Spin-valley magnetism on the triangular moir\'e lattice with SU(4) breaking interactions
- Author
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Gresista, Lasse, Kiese, Dominik, Trebst, Simon, and Scherer, Michael M.
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Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
The discovery of correlated insulating states in moir\'e heterostructures has renewed the interest in strongly-coupled electron systems where spin and valley (or layer) degrees of freedom are intertwined. In the strong-coupling limit, such systems can be effectively described by SU(4) spin-valley models akin to Kugel-Khomskii models long studied in the context of spin-orbit coupled materials. However, typical moir\'e heterostructures also exhibit interactions that break the SU(4) symmetry down to SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{spin}}\otimes$U(1)${}_{\mathrm{valley}}$. Here we investigate the impact of such symmetry-breaking couplings on the magnetic phase diagram for triangular superlattices considering a filling of two electrons (or holes) per moir\'e unit cell. We explore a broad regime of couplings -- including XXZ anisotropies, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange and on-site Hund's couplings -- using semi-classical Monte Carlo simulations. We find a multitude of classically ordered phases, including (anti-)ferromagnetic, incommensurate, and stripe order, manifesting in different sectors of the spin-valley model's parameter space. Zooming in on the regimes where quantum fluctuations are likely to have an effect, we employ pseudo-fermion functional renormalization group (pf-FRG) calculations to resolve quantum disordered ground states such as spin-valley liquids, which we indeed find for certain parameter regimes. As a concrete example, we discuss the case of trilayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride using material-specific parameters., Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures
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- 2023
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278. Switchable Signaling Molecules for Media Modulation: Fundamentals, Applications, and Research Directions
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Brand, Lukas, Scherer, Maike, Lotter, Sebastian, Dieck, Teena tom, Schäfer, Maximilian, Burkovski, Andreas, Sticht, Heinrich, Castiglione, Kathrin, and Schober, Robert
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Computer Science - Emerging Technologies - Abstract
Although visionary applications of molecular communication (MC), such as long-term continuous health monitoring by cooperative in-body nanomachines, have been proposed, MC is still in its infancy when it comes to practical implementation. In particular, long-term experiments and applications face issues such as depletion of signaling molecules (SMs) at the transmitter (TX) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) at the receiver (RX). To overcome these practical challenges, a new class of SMs with switchable states seems to be promising for future MC applications. In this work, we provide an overview of existing switchable SMs, and classify them according to their properties. Furthermore, we highlight how switchable SMs can be utilized as information carriers for media modulation. In addition, we present theoretical and experimental results for an end-to-end MC system employing the green fluorescent protein variant "Dreiklang" (GFPD) as switchable SM. Our experimental results show, for the first time, successful information transmission in a closed-loop pipe system using media modulation. Finally, we discuss media modulation specific challenges and opportunities., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. This work has been accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Magazine
- Published
- 2023
279. Relative plus constructions
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Santiago, Guille Carrion and Scherer, Jerome
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Mathematics - Algebraic Topology ,Mathematics - K-Theory and Homology ,55P60, 55N25, 19D06, 20F14 - Abstract
Let $h$ be a connective homology theory. We construct a functorial relative plus construction as a Bousfield localization functor in the category of maps of spaces. It allows us to associate to a pair $(X, H)$ consisting of a connected space $X$ and an $h$-perfect normal subgroup $H$ of the fundamental group $\pi_1(X)$ an $h$-acyclic map $X \rightarrow X^{+h}_H$ inducing the quotient by $H$ on the fundamental group. When $h$ is an ordinary homology theory with coefficients in a commutative ring with unit $R$, this provides a functorial and well-defined counterpart to a construction by cell attachment introduced by Broto, Levi, and Oliver in the spirit of Quillen's plus construction. We also clarify the necessity to use a strongly $R$-perfect group $H$ in characteristic zero., Comment: 15 pages; in this revised version the universal property of this relative plus construction is stated
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- 2023
280. Cutting multi-control quantum gates with ZX calculus
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Ufrecht, Christian, Periyasamy, Maniraman, Rietsch, Sebastian, Scherer, Daniel D., Plinge, Axel, and Mutschler, Christopher
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
Circuit cutting, the decomposition of a quantum circuit into independent partitions, has become a promising avenue towards experiments with larger quantum circuits in the noisy-intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) era. While previous work focused on cutting qubit wires or two-qubit gates, in this work we introduce a method for cutting multi-controlled Z gates. We construct a decomposition and prove the upper bound $\mathcal{O}(6^{2K})$ on the associated sampling overhead, where $K$ is the number of cuts in the circuit. This bound is independent of the number of control qubits but can be further reduced to $\mathcal{O}(4.5^{2K})$ for the special case of CCZ gates. Furthermore, we evaluate our proposal on IBM hardware and experimentally show noise resilience due to the strong reduction of CNOT gates in the cut circuits.
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- 2023
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281. Learning Risk-Aware Costmaps via Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Off-Road Navigation
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Triest, Samuel, Castro, Mateo Guaman, Maheshwari, Parv, Sivaprakasam, Matthew, Wang, Wenshan, and Scherer, Sebastian
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Computer Science - Robotics - Abstract
The process of designing costmaps for off-road driving tasks is often a challenging and engineering-intensive task. Recent work in costmap design for off-road driving focuses on training deep neural networks to predict costmaps from sensory observations using corpora of expert driving data. However, such approaches are generally subject to over-confident mispredictions and are rarely evaluated in-the-loop on physical hardware. We present an inverse reinforcement learning-based method of efficiently training deep cost functions that are uncertainty-aware. We do so by leveraging recent advances in highly parallel model-predictive control and robotic risk estimation. In addition to demonstrating improvement at reproducing expert trajectories, we also evaluate the efficacy of these methods in challenging off-road navigation scenarios. We observe that our method significantly outperforms a geometric baseline, resulting in 44% improvement in expert path reconstruction and 57% fewer interventions in practice. We also observe that varying the risk tolerance of the vehicle results in qualitatively different navigation behaviors, especially with respect to higher-risk scenarios such as slopes and tall grass.
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- 2023
282. Admissibility of Localizations of Crossed Modules
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Monjon, Olivia, Scherer, Jérôme, and Sterck, Florence
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Mathematics - Category Theory ,Mathematics - Algebraic Topology ,18G45, 55P60, 18E50, 55R70, 18E13 - Abstract
The correspondence between the concept of conditional flatness and admissibility in the sense of Galois appears in the context of localization functors in any semi-abelian category admitting a fiberwise localization. It is then natural to wonder what happens in the category of crossed modules where fiberwise localization is not always available. In this article, we establish an equivalence between conditional flatness and admissibility in the sense of Galois (for the class of regular epimorphisms) for regular-epi localization functors. We use this equivalence to prove that nullification functors are admissible for the class of regular epimorphisms, even if the kernels of their localization morphisms are not acyclic., Comment: 22 pages
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- 2023
283. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Flux Upper Limits from a Targeted Search for Extragalactic Transients
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Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Naess, Sigurd, Hincks, Adam D., Calabrese, Erminia, Devlin, Mark J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Gallardo, Patricio A., Hilton, Matt, Huffenberger, Anna Y. Q. Ho Kevin M., Ma, Xiaoyi, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Partridge, Bruce, Puddu, Roberto, Salatino, Maria, Sifón, Cristóbal, Staggs, Suzanne T., Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., and Wollack, Edward J.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
We have performed targeted searches of known extragalactic transient events at millimetre wavelengths using nine seasons (2013--2021) of 98, 150, and 229\,GHz Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) observations that mapped ${\sim}40$ per cent of the sky for most of the data volume. Our data cover 88 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), 12 tidal disruption events (TDEs) and 203 other transients, including supernovae (SNe). We stack our ACT observations to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the maps. In all cases but one, we do not detect these transients in the ACT data. The single candidate detection (event AT2019ppm), seen at ${\sim}5\sigma$ significance in our data, appears to be due to active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity in the host galaxy coincident with a transient alert. For each source in our search we provide flux upper limits. For example, the medians for the 95 per cent confidence upper limits at 98\,GHz are $15$, $18$, and $16$\,mJy for GRBs, SNe, and TDEs respectively, in the first month after discovery. The projected sensitivity of future wide-area cosmic microwave background (CMB) surveys should be sufficient to detect many of these events using the methods described in this paper., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables. The full tables of flux upper limits for individual transients are available at https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/act/actadv_targeted_transient_constraints_2023_info.html. Accepted for publication by MNRAS
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- 2023
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284. Comparing gene expression profiles of adults with isolated spinal tuberculosis to disseminated spinal tuberculosis identified by 18FDG-PET/CT at time of diagnosis, 6- and 12-months follow-up: classifying clinical stages of spinal tuberculosis and monitoring treatment response (Spinal TB X cohort study)
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Julian Scherer, Sandra L. Mukasa, Karen Wolmarans, Reto Guler, Tessa Kotze, Taeksun Song, Robert Dunn, Maritz Laubscher, Hans-Christoph Pape, Michael Held, and Friedrich Thienemann
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Tuberculosis ,Spondylodiscitis ,Spinal ,Extrapulmonary ,Musculoskeletal ,Pott`s disease ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, with approximately 10 million cases annually. Focus has been on pulmonary TB, while extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) has received little attention. Diagnosis of EPTB remains challenging due to the invasive procedures required for sample collection. Spinal TB (STB) accounts for 10% of EPTB and often leads to lifelong debilitating disease due to devastating spinal deformation and compression of neural structures. Little is known about the extent of disease, although both isolated STB and a disseminated form of STB have been described. In our Spinal TB X cohort study, we aim to describe the clinical phenotype of STB using whole-body 18FDG-PET/CT, identify a specific gene expression profile for different stages of dissemination and compare findings to previously described gene expression signatures for latent and active pulmonary TB. Methods A single-centre, prospective cohort study will be established to describe the distributional pattern of STB detected by whole-body 18FDG-PET/CT and gene expression profile of patients with suspected STB on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at point of diagnosis, six months, and 12 months. Blood biobanking will be performed at these time points. Specimens for microbiology will be obtained from sputum/urine, from easily accessible sites of disease (e.g., lymph nodes, abscess) identified in the first 18FDG-PET/CT, from CT-guided biopsy and/or surgery. Clinical parameters and functional scores will be collected at every physical visit. Data will be entered into RedCap® database; data cleaning, validation and analysis will be performed by the study team. The University of Cape Town Ethics Committee approved the protocol (243/2022). Discussion The Spinal TB X cohort study is the first prospective cohort study using whole-body 18FDG-PET/CT scans in patients with microbiologically confirmed spinal tuberculosis. Dual imaging techniques of the spine using 18FDG-PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging as well as tissue diagnosis (microbiology and histopathology) will allow us to develop a virtual biopsy model. If successful, a distinct gene-expression profile will aid in blood-based diagnosis (point of care testing) as well as treatment monitoring and would lead to earlier diagnosis of this devastating disease. Trial registration: The study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05610098).
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- 2024
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285. Assessing oral health-related quality of life among older people in home-based care - survey results of the InSEMaP study in Germany
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Alena Koenig, Sarah Porzelt, Anja Behrens-Potratz, Peter Stratmeyer, Stefanie Schellhammer, Petra Schmage, Claudia Konnopka, Martin Scherer, Alexander Konnopka, and Thomas Zimmermann
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Oral Health Care ,Oral Health Impact Profile ,Home-based Care ,Older people ,Utilisation of Dental Care ,Social Support ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Abstract Background Older people receiving home-based care (HBC) often face barriers to access preventive oral health care (OHC) and dental treatments. Leading to deterioration of their oral healthcare. It is further deteriorated by factors such as increasing burden of systemic diseases, medicinal side effects, limited mobility, financial constraints and lack of professional OHC at home. Older people also struggle to maintain necessary daily oral hygiene, leading to malnutrition, weight loss, and a risk of a further health degradation. This cross-sectional survey aimed to investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and their associated factors in HBC recipients. Methods 5,280 older people (≥ 60 years) living in Hamburg, who were in need of care and insured with statutory health insurance DAK-Gesundheit received the questionnaire, which included the German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP G-14) and, the EQ-5D health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure as well as further questions regarding the extent of informal social support, subjective oral health status, oral health behaviour, subjective cognitive status, and socio-demographic variables. Results The participants (n = 1,622) had a median age of 83.2 years, with 72.0% of the sample being female. Nearly two thirds of the sample reported that their independence or abilities were significantly impaired (care level 2). Regarding oral health impacts, 40.0% of the participants reported experiencing at least one of the fourteen possible prevalent impacts of the OHIP-G14 fairly often or very often. A multivariate regression model on the severity of oral health impacts revealed, that a better HRQoL, a positive perception of one’s own dental status, fewer visits to dental practices, and no need for support in OHC were associated with better OHRQoL. Conversely, respondents with a negative perception of their oral health status, more frequent visits to a dental practice, a need for support in OHC, and subjective memory impairment showed poorer OHRQoL. Conclusions The results highlight the risk for poor oral health among older people in HBC. We conclude that there is an urgent need to prioritise oral health, especially as poor oral health can further compromise the systemic wellbeing of these already care dependent population.
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- 2024
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286. Teachers’ and principals’ perceptions of school emphasis on academic success: measurement invariance, agreement, and relations to student achievement
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Wangqiong Ye, Ronny Scherer, and Sigrid Blömeke
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School climate ,School emphasis on academic success ,Student achievement ,Multilevel structural equation modeling ,Measurement invariance ,Rater agreement ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
Abstract A school’s emphasis on academic success (SEAS) is a crucial aspect of school climate that can be rated by different informants, such as teachers or principals, and with respect to their perception of different groups’ emphasis on academic success, such as parents or students. We know little about whether there is agreement between these ratings. Utilizing Israeli Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 data and multilevel structural equation modeling, we examined how teachers and principals rate teachers’, students’, and parents’ emphasis on academic success and how these ratings are related to student achievement. We found that (a) ratings are invariant across informants; (b) teachers and principals agree on parents’ and students’ yet not teachers’ emphasis; (c) teacher ratings explain more variation in student achievement than principal ratings. Since SEAS ratings diverge by informants and relations to student achievement, researchers need to craft validity arguments in their studies.
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- 2024
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287. A benchmarking study of quantum algorithms for combinatorial optimization
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Krishanu Sankar, Artur Scherer, Satoshi Kako, Sam Reifenstein, Navid Ghadermarzy, Willem B. Krayenhoff, Yoshitaka Inui, Edwin Ng, Tatsuhiro Onodera, Pooya Ronagh, and Yoshihisa Yamamoto
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Physics ,QC1-999 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Abstract We study the performance scaling of three quantum algorithms for combinatorial optimization: measurement-feedback coherent Ising machines (MFB-CIM), discrete adiabatic quantum computation (DAQC), and the Dürr–Høyer algorithm for quantum minimum finding (DH-QMF) that is based on Grover’s search. We use MaxCut problems as a reference for comparison, and time-to-solution (TTS) as a practical measure of performance for these optimization algorithms. For each algorithm, we analyze its performance in solving two types of MaxCut problems: weighted graph instances with randomly generated edge weights attaining 21 equidistant values from −1 to 1; and randomly generated Sherrington–Kirkpatrick (SK) spin glass instances. We empirically find a significant performance advantage for the studied MFB-CIM in comparison to the other two algorithms. We empirically observe a sub-exponential scaling for the median TTS for the MFB-CIM, in comparison to the almost exponential scaling for DAQC and the proven $$\widetilde{{{{\mathcal{O}}}}}\left(\sqrt{{2}^{n}}\right)$$ O ̃ 2 n scaling for DH-QMF. We conclude that the MFB-CIM outperforms DAQC and DH-QMF in solving MaxCut problems.
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- 2024
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288. New insights into the hypothalamic–pituitary– thyroid axis: a transcriptome- and proteome-wide association study
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Sara Monteiro-Martins, Rosalie B T M Sterenborg, Oleg Borisov, Nora Scherer, Yurong Cheng, Marco Medici, Anna Köttgen, and Alexander Teumer
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twas ,pwas ,hpt axis ,thyroid ,hypothalamus ,pituitary ,tsh ,ft4 ,colocalization ,metabolism ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid hormones have systemic effects on the human body and play a key role in the development and function of virtually all tissues. They are regulated via the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis and have a heritable component. Using genetic information, we applied tissue-specific transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and plasma proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) to elucidate gene products related to thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. Results: TWAS identified 297 and 113 transcripts associated with TSH and FT4 levels, respectively (25 shared), including transcripts not identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these traits, demonstrating the increased power of this approach. Testing for genetic colocalization revealed a shared genetic basis of 158 transcripts with TSH and 45 transcripts with FT4, including independent, FT4-associated genetic signals within the CAPZB locus that were differentially associated with CAPZB expression in different tissues. PWAS identified 18 and ten proteins associated with TSH and FT4, respectively (HEXIM1 and QSOX2 with both). Among these, the cognate genes of five TSH- and 7 FT4-associated proteins mapped outside significant GWAS loci. Colocalization was observed for five plasma proteins each with TSH and FT4. There were ten TSH and one FT4-related gene(s) significant in both TWAS and PWAS. Of these, ANXA5 expression and plasma annexin A5 levels were inversely associated with TSH (PWAS: P = 1.18 × 10−13, TWAS: P = 7.61 × 10−12 (whole blood), P = 6.40 × 10−13 (hypothalamus), P = 1.57 × 10−15 (pituitary), P = 4.27 × 10−15 (thyroid)), supported by colocalizations. Conclusion: Our analyses revealed new thyroid function-associated genes and prioritized candidates in known GWAS loci, contributing to a better understanding of transcriptional regulation and protein levels relevant to thyroid function.
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- 2024
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289. Investigating the influence of perinatal fluoxetine exposure on murine gut microbial communities during pregnancy and lactation
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Katelyn Desorcy-Scherer, Ibrahim Zuniga-Chaves, Maggie A. Reisner, Garret Suen, and Laura L. Hernandez
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Gut microbiome ,Perinatal ,Antidepressant ,Maternal ,Infant ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) therapy is common among perinatal populations for the treatment of mood disorders. Medications can affect diversity and composition of the gut microbiome, which plays a key role in modulating health. While previous studies have examined the effects of antidepressant exposure on the maternal gut microbiome, whether SSRI exposure affects the offspring gut microbiome is unknown. We investigated the effects of maternal fluoxetine exposure on the gut microbiome of maternal and offspring mice during pregnancy and lactation (embryonic day 10–lactation day 21; E10–L21). Stool samples collected on E17, L11, L15, and L21 were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results suggest that maternal fluoxetine exposure may result in decreased alpha diversity of the offspring gut microbiome in early life. Furthermore, we observed several genera-specific differences in the gut microbiome based on treatment, specifically of Turicibacter, Parasutterella, and Romboutsia. These findings support our understanding of gut health, as dysbiotic development of the gut microbiome has been associated with local and systemic health problems including gastrointestinal morbidities and interrupted growth patterns in infants. Future research should pursue study in human populations and those at high risk for gut microbial dysbiosis and intestinal injury.
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- 2024
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290. A precise performance-based reimbursement model for the multi-centre NAPKON cohorts – development and evaluation
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Katharina S. Appel, Chin Huang Lee, Susana M. Nunes de Miranda, Daniel Maier, Jens-Peter Reese, Gabriele Anton, Thomas Bahmer, Sabrina Ballhausen, Beate Balzuweit, Carla Bellinghausen, Arne Blumentritt, Markus Brechtel, Irina Chaplinskaya-Sobol, Johanna Erber, Karin Fiedler, Ramsia Geisler, Ralf Heyder, Thomas Illig, Mirjam Kohls, Jenny Kollek, Lilian Krist, Roberto Lorbeer, Olga Miljukov, Lazar Mitrov, Carolin Nürnberger, Christian Pape, Christina Pley, Christian Schäfer, Jens Schaller, Mario Schattschneider, Margarete Scherer, Nick Schulze, Dana Stahl, Hans Christian Stubbe, Thalea Tamminga, Johannes Josef Tebbe, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild, Silke Wiedmann, and Jörg Janne Vehreschild
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Performance-based reimbursement ,Funding allocation ,Clinical studies ,COVID-19 ,Research infrastructure ,Germany ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Fair allocation of funding in multi-centre clinical studies is challenging. Models commonly used in Germany - the case fees (“fixed-rate model”, FRM) and up-front staffing and consumables (“up-front allocation model”, UFAM) lack transparency and fail to suitably accommodate variations in centre performance. We developed a performance-based reimbursement model (PBRM) with automated calculation of conducted activities and applied it to the cohorts of the National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON) within the Network of University Medicine (NUM). The study protocol activities, which were derived from data management systems, underwent validation through standardized quality checks by multiple stakeholders. The PBRM output (first funding period) was compared among centres and cohorts, and the cost-efficiency of the models was evaluated. Cases per centre varied from one to 164. The mean case reimbursement differed among the cohorts (1173.21€ [95% CI 645.68–1700.73] to 3863.43€ [95% CI 1468.89–6257.96]) and centres and mostly fell short of the expected amount. Model comparisons revealed higher cost-efficiency of the PBRM compared to FRM and UFAM, especially for low recruitment outliers. In conclusion, we have developed a reimbursement model that is transparent, accurate, and flexible. In multi-centre collaborations where heterogeneity between centres is expected, a PBRM could be used as a model to address performance discrepancies. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04768998 ; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04747366 ; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04679584 .
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- 2024
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291. Nutritional effect on lipoproteins and their subfractions in patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: a 12-week randomized trial—the DIETA trial
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Daniele Scherer, Beatriz Figueiredo Leite, Melissa Aparecida Morimoto, Thauana Luiza Oliveira, Barbara N. Carvalho Klemz, Rosana A. M. Soares Freitas, Caroline Pappiani, Nágila R. Teixeira Damasceno, and Marcelo de Medeiros Pinheiro
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Psoriatic arthritis ,Lipoproteins subfractions ,HDL cholesterol ,LDL cholesterol ,Electrophoresis ,Nutritional intervention ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Patients with psoriatic arthritis have some lipid metabolism changes and higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases, regardless of traditional risk factors, suggesting that chronic inflammation itself plays a central role concerning the atherosclerosis. However, there is a lack of information regarding atherogenic pattern and lipoprotein subfractions burden in these individuals. Aim To evaluate the HDL and LDL-cholesterol plasmatic levels and their subfractions after a nutritional intervention in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods This was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of a 12-week nutritional intervention. PsA patients were randomly assigned to 1-Placebo: 1 g of soybean oil daily, no dietetic intervention; 2-Diet + Supplementation: an individualized diet, supplemented with 604 mg of omega-3 fatty acids, three times a day; and 3-Diet + Placebo: individualized diet + 1 g of soybean oil. The LDL subfractions were classified as non-atherogenic (NAth), atherogenic (Ath) or highly atherogenic (HAth), whereas the HDL subfractions were classified as small, medium, or large particles, according to the current recommendation based on lipoproteins electrophoresis. Results A total of 91 patients were included in the study. About 62% of patients (n = 56) had an Ath or HAth profile and the main risk factors associated were male gender, longer skin disease duration and higher BMI. Thirty-two patients (35%) had a high-risk lipoprotein profile despite having LDL plasmatic levels below 100 mg/dL. The 12-week nutritional intervention did not alter the LDL subfractions. However, there were significant improvement of HDL subfractions. Conclusion Recognizing the pro-atherogenic subfractions LDL pattern could be a relevant strategy for identifying PsA patients with higher cardiovascular risk, regardless total LDL plasmatic levels and disease activity. In addition, a short-term nutritional intervention based on supervised and individualized diet added to omega-3 fatty acids changed positively the HDLLARGE subfractions, while LDLLARGE subfraction was improved in hypercholesterolemic individuals. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03142503 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ).
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- 2024
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292. Public Beliefs About Accessibility and Quality of Emergency Departments in Germany
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Jens Klein, Sarah Koens, Martin Scherer, Annette Strauß, Martin Härter, and Olaf von dem Knesebeck
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Medicine ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Background: It is well established that emergency department (ED) crowding leads to worse health outcomes. Although various patient surveys provide information about reasons to visit EDs, less is known in terms of beliefs about EDs among the general population. This study examines public beliefs regarding accessibility and quality of EDs and their associations with social characteristics (gender, age, education, immigration background) as well as knowledge about emergency care services and health literacy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a random sample of 2,404 adults living in Hamburg, Germany, in winter 2021/2022. We developed eight statements regarding accessibility and quality of EDs leading to two scales (Cronbach’s α accessibility = 0.76 and quality of care = 0.75). Descriptive statistics of the eight items are shown and linear regression were conducted to determine associations of the two scales with social characteristics as well as knowledge about emergency care services and health literacy (HLS-EU-Q6). Results: Nearly 44% of the respondents agreed that “you can always go to an ED, if you do not get a short-term appointment with a general practitioner or specialist.” And 38% agreed with the statement, “If you do not have the time during normal practice hours due to your work, you can always go to an ED.” In terms of quality, 38% believed that doctors in EDs are more competent than doctors in general practice, and 25% believed that doctors in EDs are more competent than doctors in specialized practices. In the fully adjusted model, public beliefs about emergency care accessibility and quality of EDs were significantly associated with all social characteristics and knowledge of emergency care options with the strongest associations between knowledge and accessibility (β = −0.17; P
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- 2024
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293. Frailty, but not cognitive impairment, improves mortality risk prediction among those with chronic kidney disease—a nationally representative study
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Jingyao Hong, Nadia M. Chu, Samuel G. Cockey, Jane Long, Nicolai Cronin, Nidhi Ghildayal, Rasheeda K. Hall, Megan Huisingh-Scheetz, Jennifer Scherer, Dorry L. Segev, and Mara A. McAdams-DeMarco
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Frailty ,CKD ,Cognitive impairment ,Mortality ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Background Though older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a greater mortality risk than those without CKD, traditional risk factors poorly predict mortality in this population. Therefore, we tested our hypothesis that two common geriatric risk factors, frailty and cognitive impairment, and their co-occurrence, might improve mortality risk prediction in CKD. Methods Among participants aged ≥ 60 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014), we quantified associations between frailty (physical frailty phenotype) and global/domain-specific cognitive function (immediate-recall [CERAD-WL], delayed-recall [CERAD-DL], verbal fluency [AF], executive function/processing speed [DSST], and global [standardized-average of 4 domain-specific tests]) using linear regression, and tested whether associations differed by CKD using a Wald test. We then tested whether frailty, global cognitive impairment (1.5SD below the mean), or their combination improved prediction of mortality (Cox models, c-statistics) compared to base models (likelihood-ratios) among those with and without CKD. Results Among 3,211 participants, 1.4% were cognitively impaired, and 10.0% were frail; frailty and cognitive impairment co-occurrence was greater among those with CKD versus those without (1.2%vs.0.1%). Frailty was associated with worse global cognitive function (Cohen’s d = -0.26SD,95%CI -0.36,-0.17), and worse cognitive function across all domains; these associations did not differ by CKD (pinteractions > 0.05). Mortality risk prediction improved only among those with CKD when accounting for frailty (p[likelihood ratio test]
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- 2024
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294. Harmonization of clinical practice guidelines for primary prevention and screening: actionable recommendations and resources for primary care
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Carolina Fernandes, Denise Campbell-Scherer, Aisha Lofters, Eva Grunfeld, Kris Aubrey-Bassler, Heidi Cheung, Katherine Latko, Wendy Tink, Richard Lewanczuk, Melissa Shea-Budgell, Ruth Heisey, Tracy Wong, Huiming Yang, Sakina Walji, Margo Wilson, Elizabeth Holmes, Kelly Lang-Robertson, Christina DeLonghi, and Donna Patricia Manca
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Clinical practice guidelines ,Prevention ,Primary care ,Screening ,Chronic disease ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) synthesize high-quality information to support evidence-based clinical practice. In primary care, numerous CPGs must be integrated to address the needs of patients with multiple risks and conditions. The BETTER program aims to improve prevention and screening for cancer and chronic disease in primary care by synthesizing CPGs into integrated, actionable recommendations. We describe the process used to harmonize high-quality cancer and chronic disease prevention and screening (CCDPS) CPGs to update the BETTER program. Methods A review of CPG databases, repositories, and grey literature was conducted to identify international and Canadian (national and provincial) CPGs for CCDPS in adults 40–69 years of age across 19 topic areas: cancers, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hepatitis C, obesity, osteoporosis, depression, and associated risk factors (i.e., diet, physical activity, alcohol, cannabis, drug, tobacco, and vaping/e-cigarette use). CPGs published in English between 2016 and 2021, applicable to adults, and containing CCDPS recommendations were included. Guideline quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool and a three-step process involving patients, health policy, content experts, primary care providers, and researchers was used to identify and synthesize recommendations. Results We identified 51 international and Canadian CPGs and 22 guidelines developed by provincial organizations that provided relevant CCDPS recommendations. Clinical recommendations were extracted and reviewed for inclusion using the following criteria: 1) pertinence to primary prevention and screening, 2) relevance to adults ages 40–69, and 3) applicability to diverse primary care settings. Recommendations were synthesized and integrated into the BETTER toolkit alongside resources to support shared decision-making and care paths for the BETTER program. Conclusions Comprehensive care requires the ability to address a person’s overall health. An approach to identify high-quality clinical guidance to comprehensively address CCDPS is described. The process used to synthesize and harmonize implementable clinical recommendations may be useful to others wanting to integrate evidence across broad content areas to provide comprehensive care. The BETTER toolkit provides resources that clearly and succinctly present a breadth of clinical evidence that providers can use to assist with implementing CCDPS guidance in primary care.
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- 2024
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295. Asking the generalist – evaluation of a General Practice rounding and consult service
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Katharina Schmalstieg-Bahr, Sophia MacDonald, Nadine Pohontsch, Sebastian Debus, and Martin Scherer
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General practice ,Multimorbidity ,Interdisciplinary rounds ,Co-management ,Consults ,Interdisciplinary communication ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Vascular surgery patients admitted to the hospital are often multimorbid. In case of questions regarding chronic medical problems different specialties are consulted, which leads to a high number of treating physicians and possibly contradicting recommendations. The General Practitioner´s (GP) view could minimize this problem. However, it is unknown for which medical problems a GP would be consulted and if regular GP-involvement during rounds would be considered helpful by the specialists. The aim of this study was to establish and describe a General Practice rounding service (GP-RS), to evaluate if the GP-RS is doable in a tertiary care hospital and beneficial to the specialists and to explore GP-consult indications. Methods The GP-RS was established as a pilot project. Between June-December 2020, a board-certified GP from the Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) joined the vascular surgery team (UKE) once-weekly on rounds. The project was evaluated using a multi-methods approach: semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with vascular surgery physicians that had either participated in the GP-RS (G1), had not participated (G2), other specialists usually conducting consults on the vascular surgery floor (G3) and with the involved GP (G4). Interviews were analyzed using Kuckartz’ qualitative content analysis. In addition, two sets of quantitative data were descriptively analyzed focusing on the reasons for a GP-consult: one set from the GP-RS and one from an established, conventional “as needed” GP-consult service. Results 15 interviews were conducted. Physicians perceived the GP-RS as beneficial, especially for surgical patients (G1-3). Optimizing medication, avoiding unnecessary consults and a learning effect for physicians in training (G1-4) were named as other benefits. Critical voices saw an increased workload through the GP-RS (G1, G3) and some consult requests as too specific for a GP (G1-3). Based on data from 367 vascular surgery patients and 80 conventional GP-consults, the most common reasons for a GP-consult were cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and diabetes. Conclusions A GP-RS is doable in a tertiary care hospital. Studies of GP co-management model with closer follow ups would be needed to objectively improve patient care and reduce the overall number of consults. Trial registration Not applicable.
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- 2024
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296. Neural signatures of indirect pathway activity during subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
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Leon A. Steiner, David Crompton, Srdjan Sumarac, Artur Vetkas, Jürgen Germann, Maximilian Scherer, Maria Justich, Alexandre Boutet, Milos R. Popovic, Mojgan Hodaie, Suneil K. Kalia, Alfonso Fasano, William D. Hutchison WD, Andres M. Lozano, Milad Lankarany, Andrea A. Kühn, and Luka Milosevic
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) produces an electrophysiological signature called evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA); a high-frequency oscillation that has been linked to treatment efficacy. However, the single-neuron and synaptic bases of ERNA are unsubstantiated. This study proposes that ERNA is a subcortical neuronal circuit signature of DBS-mediated engagement of the basal ganglia indirect pathway network. In people with Parkinson’s disease, we: (i) showed that each peak of the ERNA waveform is associated with temporally-locked neuronal inhibition in the STN; (ii) characterized the temporal dynamics of ERNA; (iii) identified a putative mesocircuit architecture, embedded with empirically-derived synaptic dynamics, that is necessary for the emergence of ERNA in silico; (iv) localized ERNA to the dorsal STN in electrophysiological and normative anatomical space; (v) used patient-wise hotspot locations to assess spatial relevance of ERNA with respect to DBS outcome; and (vi) characterized the local fiber activation profile associated with the derived group-level ERNA hotspot.
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- 2024
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297. Antigen-specific Fab profiling achieves molecular-resolution analysis of human autoantibody repertoires in rheumatoid arthritis
- Author
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Eva Maria Stork, Danique M. H. van Rijswijck, Karin A. van Schie, Max Hoek, Theresa Kissel, Hans Ulrich Scherer, Tom W. J. Huizinga, Albert J. R. Heck, Rene E. M. Toes, and Albert Bondt
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract The presence of autoantibodies is a defining feature of many autoimmune diseases. The number of unique autoantibody clones is conceivably limited by immune tolerance mechanisms, but unknown due to limitations of the currently applied technologies. Here, we introduce an autoantigen-specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based IgG1 Fab profiling approach using the anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) repertoire in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as an example. We show that each patient harbors a unique and diverse ACPA IgG1 repertoire dominated by only a few antibody clones. In contrast to the total plasma IgG1 antibody repertoire, the ACPA IgG1 sub-repertoire is characterised by an expansion of antibodies that harbor one, two or even more Fab glycans, and different glycovariants of the same clone can be detected. Together, our data indicate that the autoantibody response in a prominent human autoimmune disease is complex, unique to each patient and dominated by a relatively low number of clones.
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- 2024
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298. Outbreak of Invasive Serratia marcescens among Persons Incarcerated in a State Prison, California, USA, March 2020–December 2022
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Amanda Kamali, Donna Ferguson, Heather Dowless, Nancy Ortiz, Rituparna Mukhopadhyay, Cassandra Schember, Rawni Lunsford, Justine Hutchinson, Marlena Scherer, John Crandall, Heidi Bauer, Alexander Yu, and Akiko Kimura
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Serratia marcescens ,bacteria ,nosocomial infections ,persons using injection drugs ,infectious diseases ,prevention and control ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Serratia marcescens is an environmental gram-negative bacterium that causes invasive disease in rare cases. During 2020–2022, an outbreak of 21 invasive Serratia infections occurred in a prison in California, USA. Most (95%) patients had a history of recent injection drug use (IDU). We performed whole-genome sequencing and found isolates from 8 patients and 2 pieces of IDU equipment were closely related. We also identified social interactions among patients. We recovered S. marcescens from multiple environmental samples throughout the prison, including personal containers storing Cell Block 64 (CB64), a quaternary ammonium disinfectant solution. CB64 preparation and storage conditions were suboptimal for S. marcescens disinfection. The outbreak was likely caused by contaminated CB64 and propagated by shared IDU equipment and social connections. Ensuring appropriate preparation, storage, and availability of disinfectants and enacting interventions to counteract disease spread through IDU can reduce risks for invasive Serratia infections in California prisons.
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- 2024
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299. Prevalence of infectious diseases, immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases and chronic medical conditions among Ukrainian refugees in Germany – A cross sectional study from the German Network University Medicine (NUM)
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Folke Brinkmann, Anette Friedrichs, Georg MN Behrens, Pia Behrens, Reinhard Berner, Amke Caliebe, Claudia M. Denkinger, Katharina Giesbrecht, Alexander Gussew, Anna Theresa Hoffmann, Leonhard Hojenski, Olga Hovardovska, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Achim J. Kaasch, Robin Kobbe, Monika Kraus, Andreas Lindner, Christoph Maier, Lazar Mitrov, Matthias Nauck, Susana Nunes de Miranda, Margarete Scherer, Yvonne Schmiedel, Dana Stahl, Nina Timmesfeld, Nicole Toepfner, Janne Vehreschild, Walter A. Wohlgemuth, Astrid Petersmann, and Maria J.G.T. Vehreschild
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Infections ,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 ,Infectious diseases ,refugees ,Ukraine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: Vulnerability to infectious diseases in refugees is dependent on country of origin, flight routes, and conditions. Information on specific medical needs of different groups of refugees is lacking. We assessed the prevalence of infectious diseases, immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases, and chronic medical conditions in children, adolescents, and adult refugees from Ukraine who arrived in Germany in 2022. Methods: Using different media, we recruited Ukrainian refugees at 13 sites between 9–12/2022. An antigen test for acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, serologies for a range of vaccine-preventable diseases, as well as interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) for tuberculosis (TB), and SARS-CoV-2 were performed. We assessed personal and family history of chronic medical conditions, infectious diseases, vaccination status, and conditions during migration. Results: Overall, 1793 refugees (1401 adults and 392 children/adolescents) were included. Most participants were females (n = 1307; 72·3%) and from Eastern or Southern Ukraine. TB IGRA was positive in 13% (n = 184) of the adults and in 2% (n = 7) of the children.Serology-based immunological response was insufficient in approximately 21% (360/1793) of the participants for measles, 32% (572/1793) for diphtheria, and 74% (1289/1793) for hepatitis B. Conclusions: We show evidence of low serological response to vaccine-preventable infections and increased LTBI prevalence in Ukrainian refugees. These findings should be integrated into guidelines for screening and treatment of infectious diseases in migrants and refugees in Germany and Europe. Furthermore, low immunity for vaccine-preventable diseases in Ukrainians independent of their refugee status, calls for tailor-made communication efforts.
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- 2024
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300. Collegiate Musicians' Experiences with Democratic Rehearsal Procedures
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Scherer, Alec D.
- Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore collegiate musicians' lived experiences with democratic rehearsal procedures in a concert band setting. A constructivist worldview and phenomenological framework were used to examine participants' experiences using their own words through weekly written reflections, pre- and post- questionnaires, rehearsal interactions, and semi-structured interviews. Participants (N = 42) were members of a co-directed, non-auditioned university concert band at a large midwestern university. Data collection took place during an eight-week concert cycle which included scaffolded democratic experiences such as (a) selecting music for performance, (b) participating in collaborative score study/preparation during rehearsal, (c) identifying and selecting music segments for rehearsal, (d) identifying and describing opportunities for individual and ensemble performance improvement, (e) analyzing, discussing, and making decisions regarding how the music should be performed, (f) participating in student-led sectionals, and (g) participating in student-led full ensemble rehearsal. Themes associated with participants' experiences included (a) the value of multiple perspectives, (b) ownership and musical agency, (c) engagement, and (d) providing feedback. Participants indicated that the democratic rehearsal cycle was generally a positive experience. Application of democratic rehearsal procedures may aid students in developing their agency, musicianship, and musical independence.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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