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This article addresses the problem regarding power regulation in classical DC-DC second-order converters by means of a nonlinear control technique based on inverse optimal control theory. There are few papers that describe inverse optimal control for DC-DC converters in the literature. Therefore, this study constitutes a contribution to the state of the art on nonlinear control techniques for DC-DC converters. In this vein, the main objective of this research was to implement inverse optimal control theory with integral action to the typical DC-DC conversion topologies for power regulation, regardless of the load variations and the application. The converter topologies analyzed were: (i) Buck; (ii) Boost; (iii) Buck-Boost; and (iv) Non-Inverting Buck-Boost. A dynamical model was proposed as a function of the state variable error, which helped to demonstrate that the inverse optimal control law with proportional-integral action implemented in the different converters ensures stability in each closed-loop operation via Lyapunov’s theorem. Numerical validations were carried out by means of simulations in the PSIM software, comparing the established control law, the passivity-based PI control law, and an open-loop control. As a conclusion, it was possible to determine that the proposed model is easier to implement and has a better dynamical behavior than the PI-PBC, ensuring asymptotic stability from the closed-loop control design., Este artículo aborda el problema de regulación de tensión para convertidores DC-DC clásicos de segundo orden mediante una técnica de control no lineal basada en la teoría de control óptimo inverso. En la literatura hay pocos artículos que describen el control optimo inverso para convertidores DC-DC, por tanto, este estudio es una contribución al estado del arte en técnica de control no lineal para convertidores DC-DC. En este orden de ideas, el objetivo principal de esta investigación fue implementar la teoría de control óptimo inverso con acción integral a las topologías típicas de conversión DC-DC para regular tensión, independientemente de las variaciones de la carga y de la aplicación. Las topologías de los convertidores analizados fueron: (i) Buck; (ii) Boost; (iii) Buck-Boost; y (iv) Buck-Boost No Inversor. Se planteó un modelo dinámico en función del error de las variables de estado, el cual ayudó a demostrar que la ley de control óptimo inverso con acción proporcional-integral implementada para los diferentes convertidores garantiza la estabilidad para operación en lazo cerrado mediante el teorema de Lyapunov. Se realizó la validación numérica mediante simulaciones en el software PSIM, comparando la ley de control establecida, la ley de control PI basada en pasividad y un control en lazo abierto. Como conclusión, se pudo determinar que el método propuesto es más sencillo de implementar y con mejor comportamiento dinámico que el PI-PBC, garantizando la estabilidad asintótica desde el diseño de control en lazo cerrado.

(1) Background: Chronic diseases affect patients’ quality of life. Age Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the most prevalent chronic ocular diseases. The study aims to measure the anxiety and quality of life related to vision in patients with AMD, as well as the relationship with other visual and demographic parameters. (2) Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study in AMD patients. Visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), line difference in the Colenbrander test, and the degree of pathology were measured. Other variables such as gender, age, and time from the diagnosis were also collected. Anxiety was measured with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and quality of life with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was followed. (3) Results: Patients with higher punctuation in Trait STAI showed lower punctuation in NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire (Spearman coefficient −0.415; p = 0.001). The variables VA, CS, and age were correlated to the quality of life. The relationship between trait anxiety and subscales of NEI VFQ-25 was significant for all subscales (p < 0.05), except for social functioning, peripheral vision, general vision, ocular pain, and driving. (4) Conclusions: AMD patients with higher levels of anxiety show a decrease in their quality of life. The quality of life of AMD patients depends on their VA and CS., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

[ES] El objeto del proyecto es proyectar una nueva calle de salida rápida del Aeropuerto de Sevilla. Por calle de salida rápida se entiende una calle de rodaje que se una a una pista en un ángulo agudo y está diseñada de modo que permite a los aviones virar a velocidades mayores que las que se logran en otras calles de rodaje de salida. La finalidad principal de estas calles de rodaje es disminuir el período de ocupación de la pista y, de este modo, aumentar la capacidad del aeródromo

[ES] En este proyecto se ha hecho un análisis del impacto económico que va a tener la próxima apertura del aeropuerto de Castellón en la provincia. Se ha calculado el impacto sobre la producción y sobre el empleo. Para evaluar este impacto se han analizado las distintas actividades que conlleva la apertura de un aeropuerto, desde la actividad directa de la gestión aeroportuaria hasta el impacto sobre el turismo, siendo uno de los grandes beneficiados con la puesta en marcha del aeropuerto.

[ES] La determinación de la calificación de eficiencia energética se ha obtenido mediante la opción general a través de los programas LIDER y CALENER, mediante los cuales se determina la clase de eficiencia energética a asignar a los edificios que cumplan con la sección HE1 “Limitación de la Demanda Energética”, del Documento Básico de Ahorro de Energía del Código Técnico de la Edificación. El edificio cumple, además, con los requisitos de la sección HE2: Rendimiento de las instalaciones térmicas.

[ES] El fin del presente proyecto es la generación de la documentación técnica necesaria para la obtención de la autorización por la autoridad competente en la materia de un helipuerto de uso restringido, el cual se encuentra ubicado en las inmediaciones de un hospital público. Su función será la de dar servicio a helicópteros destinados al traslado de pacientes de carácter grave, que necesiten asistencia en el hospital del mismo o que requieran asistencia en otro hospital cercano. Para el desarrollo de éste se tendrán en cuenta parámetros tales como la configuración de la estructura y las características del terreno donde se ubicará la instalación, así como las zonas colindantes. Además, se tendrá especial interés en la búsqueda de posibles obstáculos que impidan la maniobrabilidad de los helicópteros, cumpliendo con los requerimientos necesarios

[EN] An important trend in New Product Development (NPD) projects is the involvement of suppliers in them, in order to obtain great competitive advantage, improve quality and reduce the cost of new products and time. This involvement may range from simple consultation with suppliers on design ideas to making suppliers fully responsible for the design of components or systems they will supply. Moreover, suppliers can be involved at different stages of the new product development process. Although extensive research has been carried out on supplier integration in NPD (Monczka, Ragatz, Handfield Clark, Kim B., 1989; McGinnis, 1998 among others), all of it is focused on success supplier integration factors and the requirements of this relationship. This paper focuses on several important questions regarding supplier involvement in new product development that remain unanswered, like when it is better to involve the suppliers and how. The main findings of this Master’s Thesis are that there is not a rule that defines where or how suppliers have to be involved, it depends on the product features, what the customer company is looking for and the supplier expertise, among others. The contribution of this Master’s Thesis is a new model developed which considers the most important variables in the customer-supplier relationship in a supplier involvement in NPD, they are: the cost of design changes, the supplier responsibility and the supplier level of integration in the five possible phases that Handfield (1999) defined

[DE] Anlass dieses Projektes war die Idee von Dr. Kemkes (Limesmuseum), zum Caracalla Jahr einen Caracalla-Kopf nachzubilden. Caracalla war der einzige Kaiser der nachweislich Aalen besucht hat. Ziel war es eine möglichst Originalgetreue Replik der Büste zu erstellen. Dabei sollten zur Caracalla-Büste die Methoden der Erfassung und Produktion aufgezeigt und dokumentiert werden. Die Aufgabe des Teams lag bei der Planung, Koordination und Dokumentation (Prozessmodell, Poster) des Prozesses zur Erfassung und Erstellung dieses archäologischen Relikts. Die einzelnen Aktivitäten teilten sich in verschiedene Bereiche auf: - Einscannen der Büste - Erstellung der Prototypen mit Additive Manufacturing mit Unterstützung von Professoren und Mitarbeitern aus der Hochschule unterstützt

[EN] In this project is described an overview of sake tourism in Japan. The first chapter introduces the backgrounds on which this project is based: gastronomic tourism and wine tourism and their relation. Subsequently it presents the goal of the study that is to determine the factors influence the motivation of potential tourists to visit a sake brewery. To achieve this goal 131 questionnaires were distributed among the students at Kochi University of Technology in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Subsequently two studies were conducted: firstly an explorative study was carried out. The aim was to describe the type of services provided by the sake brewery to the tourists through its web pages; secondly a quantitative study in which an multiple lineal regression analysis was carried out . The objective was to establish the relationship among motivation and the independent variables such as: demographic, consumption of alcohol, consumer habits, religion, physical activities and cultural activities. In the last chapters the results were displayed and a brief discussion about the situation of sake breweries in Japan.

[EN] In a world of increasing energy prices, global warming consequently reducing polar ice caps and economic crisis it is increasingly, ethically important to strive to reduce the reliance for power from non-renewable resources. Wind power is a good candidate for competing with fossil fuels for power generation in Ireland and as such large scale wind turbines are the significant producers of electrical energy, however there is a definite market for small scale wind turbines due to an increasing public awareness of growing energy costs and environmental issues.

[EN] The aim of this project is to investigate the feasibility of a welding process for polyethylene using induction heating. Recently, there has been growing interest in induction heating due to its energy saving aspect. The main advantage is that the heat can be directly generated in the welding area. Additionally, this technique presents a big number of advantages, including its portability, which is of particular interest.

[EN] In the global automotive industry, it is more difficult to stand out above the competitors. Advances technology designs and production systems increase performance but more difficult to manage. The automakers research and invest continuously, to innovate, improve and optimize the techniques employed in the manufacture system. They must find solutions to respond to the market needs and at the same time allows them to get a good profit margin. The modular assembly has been the strategy most employed to achieve these goals. This approach is being increasingly used by industry, in the last decades all automobile brands have implemented the modular production techniques. In 2012, Volkswagen was the company that stood out above the rest with its new MQB platform, which will standardize modules and production systems across the brands of VW group. Its acronym from words in German, Modularer Querbaukasten, it designates a platform of automobile used for the B, C and D segment cars with transverse front engine and front or integral traction. The principle is simple: unify the systems of production of various models and brands of the automotive consortium. Thus several objectives are met at the same time, since costs are lower cheaper and processes uniform. One of its greatest achievements: the creation of a chassis of varying measures, allowing adaptation to different models. Standardizing parts and processes promises great benefits to the auto industry, not just in terms of reducing costs and streamline production. Volkswagen bets on the harmonization of its plants around the world and will expand its range of offerings, adapting to the demand for product. With this platform, VW completes the list of existing modular platforms for all vehicles of the brand. This text discusses the new modular strategy developed by Volkswagen, it will explain the ideas and concept that this manufacturer will introduce in its models and in the assembly plants. Thus it is a new strategy

[IT] Lo scopo di questa tesi di laurea è di produrre uno studio approfondito sulla possibilità di miglioramento, nelle simulazioni, delle prestazione di una lavorazione tramite procedure di tipo “fuzzy logic”. Allo scopo si è costruita una supply chain e si è mirato ad ottimizzare la priorità di servizio del prodotto in lavorazione nei singoli simulatori di azienda utilizzando il visual basic come interfaccia tra il simulatore vero e proprio ed il motore fuzzy.

[EN] The following report was based on the group project that was carried out by three third year students. The main aim of the project was to design and build an apparatus able to test polymers creep behavior. In order to carry out this task, the team needed to start by carrying out a literature review on apparatus design, polymer properties and creep tests. The report explains what polymers are, which their properties are and the behavior they have during creep test, and The process of design and the steps involved are covered in the report. These steps were then applied to the team’s project. The evolution of the design was discussed and, after some problems and changes, the final design that was carried out. The construction of the apparatus is explained along with a step by step guide of how the team built the apparatus including problems, changes and pictures of the principle parts. The testing data of polymer samples are recorded in the report. These results were compared between them and between a commercial creep tester to study the behavior of polymers and the deviation of our machine for certificate the validity of the results obtained and the built apparatus. In the conclusions section, creep behavior of each polymer was explained referencing the chemical structure and citing which polymer is better for different applications. Along with the construction and production steps a health and safety evaluation was carried out

[EN] This study was carried out to predict the flow and turbulence in steady-state conditions in a two-stroke research engine. The engine was modelled using Computer Aided Design software and later the predictions were obtained with STAR-CCM+ Computational Fluid Dynamic software. Boundary conditions for the CFD model were obtained from experimentally data in order to get good results. A comparison of different simulations showed which of them was more accurate and which turbulent model was more suitable. The results indicated the presence of high velocity gradient together with substantial turbulence within the cylinder.

[ES] Proyecto realizado sobre energías renovables, materiales de alto rendimiento, ingeniería de fiabilidad y desarrollo de un prototipo de patinete eléctrico

[EN] This work aims to determine the solids content of end-of-life vehicles in Spain, to compare Spanish and German legislation with regard to the disposal of ELVs, to reveal how manufactur-ers or specialized companies handle solid contents, and lastly, to analyze alternative recycling procedures. The present report seeks to show how recycling can improve the quality of life of the people and produce economic savings for the automotive company.

[EN] This work pretends to give some insights about how to develop a reverse engineering using as tools Steinbichler (Scanners and Comet Plus 6.5) and Geomagic Studio by analysing few pieces and the different processes and tips used in each one

[ES] El Objeto del siguiente proyecto es el diseño, cálculo e instalación de un ascensor eléctrico en el edificio situado en Valencia, c/ Murillo 300. Así mismo también tiene por objeto el de exponer ante los Organismos Competentes que la instalación que nos ocupa reúne las condiciones y garantías mínimas exigidas por la reglamentación vigente, con el fin de obtener la Autorización Administrativa y la de Ejecución de la instalación, así como servir de base a la hora de proceder a la ejecución de dicho proyecto.

[EN] The next document shall serve to understand how works Modularization or Mass Customization and how this approach affects the production process; besides, it will analyze how important is the relationship with suppliers or how to carry out the design process. This document will be an “Introduction” in order to explain some theoretical concepts that will be developed in the next chapter that explains the new MQB system in Volkswagen

[ES] El objeto de este proyecto es el de describir con el suficiente detalle la instalación de climatización a instalar en el centro juvenil de Villamarchante, cumpliendo los siguientes requisitos del RITE: 1. Calidad térmica del ambiente 2. Calidad del aire interior 3. Higiene 4. Calidad del ambiente acústico Con el fin de obtener la autorización correspondiente del Servicio Territorial de Industria y sirva como documento para la ejecución de las instalaciones necesarias

[EN] Internal cooling in the pipe extrusion process. In this research the effects of various internal cooling variants were compared to the extrudate.

[EN] The aim of the project is to create a machining process of the part and to model them in the Catia system. This approach allows us to simulate the 3D machining process, its verification, modification for minimizing time production, and increased machining quality.

[EN] This work was done in close cooperation with the UKA (University Hospital Aachen), the IAM is contributing by searching an artificial material to replace the Bruch membrane and which has mechanical behavior and diffusion properties similar to it. Tensile tests have been performed comparing artificial collagen tissue and the bovine Bruch membrane. These layers will be later used in surgeries to substitute the native membrane in people who suffer from macular degeneration. Additionally, the foils serve as a basis for cells which will be rearranging the Bruch membrane.

[EN] The treated polymer surfaces perform as a function of their chemical structure, type of exposure, i.e. plasma or UV radiation, exposure time and the affinity with water (contact angle). Additionally, the characterization of these films, their surface properties, and solution behavior were investigated in detail. Treating the membranes are formed by a base of PP and modify with PMA and PVAL

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a common observation in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) but has not yet been fully described to date. To investigate the prevalence and the mechanisms underlying IST in a prospective population of PCS patients. Consecutive patients admitted to the PCS Unit between June and December 2020 with a resting sinus rhythm rate ≥ 100 bpm were prospectively enrolled in this study and further examined by an orthostatic test, 2D echocardiography, 24-h ECG monitoring (heart rate variability was a surrogate for cardiac autonomic activity), quality-of-life and exercise capacity testing, and blood sampling. To assess cardiac autonomic function, a 2:1:1 comparative sub-analysis was conducted against both fully recovered patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and individuals without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among 200 PCS patients, 40 (20%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for IST (average age of 40.1 ± 10 years, 85% women, 83% mild COVID-19). No underlying structural heart disease, pro-inflammatory state, myocyte injury, or hypoxia were identified. IST was accompanied by a decrease in most heart rate variability parameters, especially those related to cardiovagal tone: pNN50 (cases 3.2 ± 3 vs. recovered 10.5 ± 8 vs. non-infected 17.3 ± 10; p < 0.001) and HF band (246 ± 179 vs. 463 ± 295 vs. 1048 ± 570, respectively; p < 0.001). IST is prevalent condition among PCS patients. Cardiac autonomic nervous system imbalance with decreased parasympathetic activity may explain this phenomenon.

[ES] El Objeto del siguiente proyecto es el diseño, cálculo e instalación de un ascensor eléctrico en el edificio situado en Valencia, c/ Velásquez 400. Así mismo también tiene por objeto el de exponer ante los Organismos Competentes que la instalación que nos ocupa reúne las condiciones y garantías mínimas exigidas por la reglamentación vigente, con el fin de obtener la Autorización Administrativa y la de Ejecución de la instalación, así como servir de base a la hora de proceder a la ejecución de dicho proyecto.

[ES] En este trabajo vamos a describir los requisitos técnicos de las Organizaciones de Mantenimiento de la Aeronavegabilidad que ha de tener una Compañía Aérea de Transporte Comercial, así como la normativa que la regula, el proceso para obtener dicha aprobación y vamos a desarrollar el manual que regiría dicha organización.

[ES] El objeto del presente proyecto es disponer de la información necesaria para conocer la importancia que tuvo la entrada en vigor de la Ley de prevención de riesgos laborales para el desarrollo empresarial y para la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores en España. Para ello será necesario conocer el contexto histórico en el que se encontraba España en relación con la prevención de riesgos antes de la Ley 31/1995 y lo que supuso su entrada en vigor. Además se dará a conocer la metodología para implantar un plan de prevención de riesgos laborales en el ámbito empresarial que ayude a integrar de manera efectiva la cultura preventiva en todo el organigrama de la empresa

[EN] The main aim of this project is to propose the initial design of a scissor lift. We will take as a model the scissor lift shown at picture. Once made the initial design, it will be realized a study of movement and stresses under defined load and working requirements.

La Biblioteca Justo Nieto, ubicada en la planta baja de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño, es un compendio de los numerosos materiales donados por Justo Nieto Nieto durante su trayectoría como director de la ETSID de 1979 a 1985 y rector de la Universitat Politècnica de València, desde 1986 hasta el año 2004. La Biblioteca se ha formado gracias a la generosa donación de Justo Nieto de sus títulos, medallas, cuadros, placas, apuntes, discursos, prólogos, libros, fotografías, etc., que forman parte de la historia de la Universitat Politécnica de Valencia.

This study quantifies the spillover effects of PM2.5 emissions on emergency room visits due to respiratory diseases in Chile. We use several spatial panel methods and models controlling also for the potential endogeneity of air quality. Our estimates show that the spillover effects are downward biased when this endogeneity is ignored. Furthermore, using the estimates from our preferred model, we find that about 65% of the total emergency room visits in Chile are due to PM2.5 emissions generated in the same municipality, whereas the remaining 35% can be attributed to pollutants emitted in a different spatial unit. In economic terms, increasing PM2.5 emissions in one thousand tonnes yields to an increase of $98,010 USD of annual costs for ER health facilities due to spillover effects, whereas the total costs (considering indirect and direct effects) amounts to $283,855 USD.