Search

International audience; Key message:Melolontha hippocastani is a major pest in European mixed and broadleaf forests. Investigating its oviposition behavior, we observed that a dense shrub layer reduces the density of egg clusters and eggs in the soil. Conversely, canopy openness and a large proportion of oak appear as favoring conditions.Context:Melolontha hippocastani is a major pest in European mixed and broadleaf forests. In north-eastern France, an epidemic phase has been observed since 2007, characterized by a high mortality rate of seedlings and young trees, and by massive swarming flights every 4 years.Aims:We investigated the oviposition behavior of M. hippocastani in the northern Vosges Mountains.Methods:We set up study plots in the infected area after adults had emerged and the females had laid their eggs. We excavated pits and counted the eggs and egg clusters they contained. We also carried out dendrometric surveys.Results:A dense shrub layer had a negative effect on the density of egg clusters and the number of eggs in the soil, while canopy openness and the proportion of oak basal area had positive effects.Conclusion:We hypothesized that a dense shrub layer could create a barrier for females. On the other hand, an open canopy may improve conditions for the larvae in the soil, just as a high proportion of oak trees in the surrounding area may provide a good food source for both larvae and adults. We suggest several research orientations and propose guidelines for forest management in view of our results.

We show how the interplay between feedback and mass-growth histories introduces scatter in the relationship between stellar and neutral gas properties of field faint dwarf galaxies ($M_{\star} \lessapprox 10^{6} M_{\odot}$). Across a suite of cosmological, high-resolution zoomed simulations, we find that dwarf galaxies of stellar masses $10^5 \leq M_{\star} \leq 10^{6} M_{\odot}$ are bimodal in their cold gas content, being either HI-rich or HI-deficient. This bimodality is generated through the coupling between (i) the modulation of HI contents by the background of ultraviolet radiation (UVB) at late times and (ii) the significant scatter in the stellar-mass-halo-mass relationship induced by reionization. Furthermore, our HI-rich dwarfs exhibit disturbed and time-variable neutral gas distributions primarily due to stellar feedback. Over the last four billion years, we observe order-of-magnitude changes around the median $M_{HI}$, factor-of-a-few variations in HI spatial extents, and spatial offsets between HI and stellar components regularly exceeding the galaxies' optical sizes. Time variability introduces further scatter in the $M_{\star}-M_{HI}$ relation and affects a galaxy's detectability in HI at any given time. These effects will need to be accounted for when interpreting observations of the population of faint, HI-bearing dwarfs by the combination of optical and radio wide, deep surveys., Comment: Matching MNRAS-accepted version after minor revisions. Results unchanged

Tragédie représentée par l'Académie royale de musique en 1693. Les paroles sont de Louise-Geneviève de Saintonge et la musique de Henry Desmarest. Le livret est consultable de manière publique par un portail qui donne accès simultanément au fac-similé, à une version du corpus qui respecte la graphie d’origine et une version du corpus normalisé exploitable à travers toutes les fonctionnalités de la plateforme TXM : http://fanum-txm.univ-fcomte.fr/txm/?command=edition&path=/LIVRETSOPERA&editions=facs,originale,normalis%C3%A9e&textid=21_DIDON

Le hanneton forestier est une espèce importante de coléoptère à potentiel ravageur des forêts mixtes et feuillues européennes. Afin de mieux comprendre son écologie, nous avons étudié le comportement de ponte des femelles dans les Vosges du Nord. Nous avons mis en évidence qu’une strate arbustive dense est négativement corrélée à la densité de pontes et d’œufs dans le sol. Au contraire, l’ouverture de la canopée et la proportion de surface terrière de chêne dans le peuplement alentour étaient toutes deux positivement corrélées avec les densités de pontes et d’œufs. Nous émettons l’hypothèse qu’une couche arbustive dense crée une barrière physique pour les femelles. D’autre part, une canopée ouverte pourrait améliorer les conditions pour les larves dans le sol, tout comme une proportion élevée de chênes dans la zone environnante peut fournir une bonne source de nourriture pour les larves et les adultes.

Observing nearby galaxies with submillimeter telescopes on the ground has two major challenges. First, the brightness is significantly reduced at long submillimeter wavelengths compared to the brightness at the peak of the dust emission. Second, it is necessary to use a high-pass spatial filter to remove atmospheric noise on large angular scales, which has the unwelcome by-product of also removing the galaxy's large-scale structure. We have developed a technique for producing high-resolution submillimeter images of galaxies of large angular size by using the telescope on the ground to determine the small-scale structure (the large Fourier components) and a space telescope (Herschel or Planck) to determine the large-scale structure (the small Fourier components). Using this technique, we are carrying out the HARP and SCUBA-2 High Resolution Terahertz Andromeda Galaxy Survey (HASHTAG), an international Large Program on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, with one aim being to produce the first high-fidelity high-resolution submillimeter images of Andromeda. In this paper, we describe the survey, the method we have developed for combining the space-based and ground-based data, and present the first HASHTAG images of Andromeda at 450 and 850um. We also have created a method to predict the CO(J=3-2) line flux across M31, which contaminates the 850um band. We find that while normally the contamination is below our sensitivity limit, the contamination can be significant (up to 28%) in a few of the brightest regions of the 10 kpc ring. We therefore also provide images with the predicted line emission removed., Comment: 26 pages, 19 figures. Submitted to ApJS June 2021, Accepted September 2021

Tragédie représentée par l'Académie royale de musique en 1694. Les paroles sont de Louise-Geneviève de Saintonge et la musique de Henry Desmaret. Le livret est consultable de manière publique par un portail qui donne accès simultanément au fac-similé, à une version du corpus qui respecte la graphie d’origine et une version du corpus normalisé exploitable à travers toutes les fonctionnalités de la plateforme TXM : http://fanum-txm.univ-fcomte.fr/txm/?command=edition&path=/LIVRETSOPERA&editions=facs,originale,normalis%C3%A9e&textid=24_CIRCE

Automated segmentation of three-dimensional (3D) aortic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) renders a possible retrospective selection of any location to perform quantification of aortic caliber perpendicular to its centerline and provides regional and global 3D biomarkers such as length, diameter, or volume. However, normative age-related values of such measures are still lacking. The aim of this study was to provide normal values for 3D aortic morphological measures and investigate their changes in aging and hypertension. This was a retrospective study, in which 119 healthy controls (HC: 48 ± 14 years, 61 men) and 82 hypertensive patients (HT: 60 ± 14 years, 43 men) were enrolled. 1.5 and 3 T/3D steady state free precession or spoiled gradient echo were used. Automated 3D aortic segmentation provided aortic length, diameter, volume for the ascending (AAo), and descending aorta (DAo), along with cross-sectional diameters at three aortic landmarks. Age, sex, body surface area (BSA), smoking, and blood pressures were recorded. Both groups were divided into two subgroups (≤50 years,50 years). Statistical tests performed were linear regression for age-related normal values and confidence intervals, Wilcoxon rank sum test for differences between groups (HC or HT), and multivariate analysis to identify main determinants of aortic morphological changes. In HC, linear regression revealed an increase in the AAo (respectively DAo) length by 2.84 mm (7.78 mm), maximal diameter by 1.36 mm (1.29 mm), and volume by 4.28 ml (8.71 ml) per decade. AAo morphological measures were higher in HT patients than in HC both ≤50 years but did not reach statistical significance (length: +2 mm, p = 0.531; diameter: +1.4 mm, p = 0.2936; volume:+6.8 ml, p = 0.1857). However, length (+6 mm, p = 0.003), maximal diameter (+4 mm, p 0.001) and volume (+12 ml, p 0.001) were significantly higher in HT patients than in HC, both50 years. In a multivariate analysis, age, sex, and BSA were the major determinants of aortic morphology, irrespective of the presence of hypertension. Global and segmental aortic length, volume, and diameters at specific landmarks were automatically measured from 3D MRI to serve as normative measures of 3D aortic morphology. Such indices increased significantly with age and hypertension among the elderly subjects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3.

We perform a joint-analysis of high spatial resolution molecular gas and star-formation rate (SFR) maps in main-sequence star-forming galaxies experiencing galactic-scale outflows of ionised gas. Our aim is to understand the mechanism that determines which galaxies are able to launch these intense winds. We observed CO(1-0) at 1" resolution with ALMA in 16 edge-on galaxies, which also have 2" spatial resolution optical integral field observations from the SAMI Galaxy Survey. Half the galaxies in the sample were previously identified as harbouring intense and large-scale outflows of ionised gas ("outflow-types"), the rest serve as control galaxies. The dataset is complemented by integrated CO(1-0) observations from the IRAM 30-m telescope to probe the total molecular gas reservoirs. We find that the galaxies powering outflows do not possess significantly different global gas fractions or star-formation efficiencies when compared with a control sample. However, the ALMA maps reveal that the molecular gas in the outflow-type galaxies is distributed more centrally than in the control galaxies. For our outflow-type objects, molecular gas and star-formation is largely confined within their inner effective radius ($\rm r_{eff}$), whereas in the control sample the distribution is more diffuse, extending far beyond $\rm r_{eff}$. We infer that outflows in normal star-forming galaxies may be caused by dynamical mechanisms that drive molecular gas into their central regions, which can result in locally-enhanced gas surface density and star-formation., 21 pages

Background: Aging-related arterial stiffness is associated with substantial changes in global and local arterial pressures. The subsequent early return of reflected pressure waves leads to an elevated left ventricular (LV) afterload and ultimately to a deleterious concentric LV remodeling. Purpose: To compute aortic time-resolved pressure fields of healthy subjects from 4D flow MRI and to define relevant pressure-based markers while investigating their relationship with age, LV remodeling, as well as tonometric augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Study type: Retrospective. Population: Forty-seven healthy subjects (age: 49.5 ± 18 years, 24 women). Field strength/sequence: 3 T/4D flow MRI. Assessment: Spatiotemporal pressure fields were computed by integrating velocity-derived pressure gradients using Navier-Stokes equations, while assuming zero pressure at the sino-tubular junction. To quantify aortic pressure spatiotemporal variations, we defined the following markers: 1) volumetric aortic pressure propagation rates ΔP E1 /ΔV and ΔP E2 /ΔV, representing variations of early and late systolic relative pressure peaks along the aorta, respectively, according to the cumulated aortic volume; 2) ΔA PE1-PE2 defined in four aortic regions as the absolute difference between early and late systolic relative pressure peaks amplitude. Statistical tests: Linear regression, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Bland-Altman analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: Spatiotemporal variations of aortic pressure peaks were moderately to highly reproducible (ICC ≥0.50) and decreased significantly with age, in terms of absolute magnitude: ΔP E1 /ΔV (r = 0.70, P 0.39, P < 0.005). ΔP E1 /ΔV was associated with LV remodeling (r = 0.53, P < 0.001) and ascending aorta ΔA PE1-PE2 was associated with AIx (r = -0.59, P < 0.001). Both associations were independent of age and systolic blood pressures. Only weak associations were found between pressure indices and PWV (r ≤ 0.40). Data conclusion: 4D flow MRI relative aortic pressures were consistent with physiological knowledge as demonstrated by their significant volumetric and temporal variations with age and their independent association with LV remodeling and augmentation index. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:982-993.

International audience; BackgroundWe aimed to provide a comprehensive aortic stiffness description using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with ascending thoracic aorta aneurysm and tricuspid (TAV-ATAA) or bicuspid (BAV) aortic valve.MethodsThis case-control study included 18 TAV-ATAA and 19 BAV patients, with no aortic valve stenosis/severe regurgitation, who were 1:1 age-, gender- and central blood pressures (BP)-matched to healthy volunteers. Each underwent simultaneous aortic MRI and BP measurements. 3D anatomical MRI provided aortic diameters. Stiffness indices included: regional ascending (AA) and descending (DA) aorta pulse wave velocity (PWV) from 4D flow MRI; local AA and DA strain, distensibility and theoretical Bramwell-Hill (BH) model-based PWV, as well as regional arch PWV from 2D flow MRI.ResultsPatient groups had significantly higher maximal AA diameter (median[interquartile range], TAV-ATAA: 47.5[42.0–51.3]mm, BAV: 45.0[41.0–47.0]mm) than their respective controls (29.1[26.8–31.8] and 28.1[26.0–32.0]mm, p

This article explores the challenges of designing large-scale computing systems for multiple, diverse user groups. Such computing systems house large, complex datasets, and often provide analytic tools to interpret the data. They are increasingly central to activities in industry, science, and government agencies, and are often associated with “big data,” data warehousing, and/or scientific “cyberinfrastructure”. A key characteristic of these systems is the diversity and multiplicity of their intended user groups, which may range from various scientific disciplines, to assorted business functions, to government officials and citizen groups. These user groups occupy structurally different positions in local and global political economies, and bring different forms of expertise to the data housed in the computing system. We argue that design anthropologists can contribute to the usefulness of such systems by engaging in collaborative ethnographic research with the targeted user groups, and communicating findings to the designers and developers creating these systems.