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Despite being the first homolog of the bacterial RecQ helicase to be identified in humans, the function of RECQL1 remains poorly characterized. Furthermore, unlike other members of the human RECQ family of helicases, mutations in RECQL1 have not been associated with a genetic disease. Here, we identify 2 families with a genome instability disorder that we have named RECON (RECql ONe) syndrome, caused by biallelic mutations in the RECQL gene. The affected individuals had short stature, progeroid facial features, a hypoplastic nose, xeroderma, and skin photosensitivity and were homozygous for the same missense mutation in RECQL1 (p.Ala459Ser), located within its zinc binding domain. Biochemical analysis of the mutant RECQL1 protein revealed that the p.A459S missense mutation compromised its ATPase, helicase, and fork restoration activity, while its capacity to promote single-strand DNA annealing was largely unaffected. At the cellular level, this mutation in RECQL1 gave rise to a defect in the ability to repair DNA damage induced by exposure to topoisomerase poisons and a failure of DNA replication to progress efficiently in the presence of abortive topoisomerase lesions. Taken together, RECQL1 is the fourth member of the RecQ family of helicases to be associated with a human genome instability disorder., Introduction DNA helicases are ubiquitous enzymes found in most uni- and multicellular organisms and function to unwind DNA in an ATP-dependent and direction-specific manner. The ability to unwind DNA is [...]

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) are widely used techniques in separation science. HPLC employs a liquid mobile phase to separate components based on their interactions with a stationary phase, making it versatile and applicable to various sample types. It offers different modes of separation and is known for its robustness. On the other hand, UPLC is an advanced version of HPLC that utilizes smaller particle sizes and higher pressures, resulting in improved resolution, sensitivity, and speed. UPLC is particularly useful in fields requiring rapid separations and high sensitivity. Both techniques offer various detection methods and can be combined with sample preparation techniques to enhance analysis. HPLC and UPLC find applications in pharmaceutical analysis, environmental analysis, food and beverage industries, forensic analysis, clinical diagnostics, and more. They provide high-resolution separations, rapid analysis, and versatile detection capabilities. The choice between the two techniques depends on specific analytical requirements and constraints. Overall, HPLC and UPLC continue to contribute significantly to scientific research, quality control, and industrial processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study was carried out on two seed lots (Fresh and one year old) of two oat varieties i.e. OS 6 and HFO 611 in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS HAU Hisar during 2022-23. The seed was hormo-primed with different concentrations of GA3 (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm). The results revealed that hormo-priming resulted in enhancement in seed quality parameters in both the lots of both varieties as the concentration increased from 200 ppm to 600 ppm and thereafter it starts decreasing. Maximum enhancement in germination was observed in seeds hormoprimed with GA3 @ 600 ppm. The more enhancement in germination was observed in the hormoprimed seeds of old seed lot as compared to fresh seed lots in both the varieties. In variety OS 6, 1.4% enhancement in germination was recorded in hormo-primed seeds over control in fresh seed lot while enhancement was 16.96 % in hormo-primed seeds with GA 3@ 600 ppm over control in old seed lot. In variety HFO 611, enhancement in seed germination of hormo-primed seeds over control was 1.7 % in fresh seed lot and 16.26 % in old seed lot with same concentration. It is concluded from the study that hormo-priming with GA3 @ 600 ppm is very effective in enhancing the seed quality parameters of oat, hence this hormo-priming practice should be used to enhance the germination/ vigour of marginal/old seeds lots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eucalyptus, a member of family Myrtaceae and it is one of the most prime species in agroforestry and clonal planting material for more returns in short rotation most popular in farmers due to its fast growth. It can adapt a varied range of edaphic and climatic and its cultivation is considered an eco-friendly approach to cope up with the salinization. In Haryana, agroforestry practices vary according to the agro-climatic zones and socio-economic status of the farmers, tree diversity, existing cropping pattern and availability of irrigation water. The present investigation was carried out at the Forestry Research Farm during the rabi season of 2019-20 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to found effect of different spacing of clonal Eucalyptus plantation on the performance of wheat and barley crops in saline condition in Semi-arid environment. Therefore, field crops namely wheat (Triticum aestivum) HD- 2967and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) BH-393 were sown under clonal eucalyptus 4m x 2m and 5m x 2m spacing and in open (devoid of trees) following randomized block design with seven replication during rabi season. Growth, yield attributes and yield were recorded at harvest. The maximum plant height (71.58 cm) of wheat was recorded under 5m x 2m spacing as compared to in 4m x 2m spacing. The other parameters viz, no. of effective tillers /m², days taken to maturity (no.), number of grains/spike, test weight (g) showed similar pattern under 5m x 2m spacing in the study. Among different spacing, the maximum grain yield (3.01 t/ha) and straw yield (3.94 t/ha) was recorded in spacing 5m x 2m .The plant height (84.59cm) of barley was found higher under 5m x 2m spacing. Similarly, other parameters viz, no. of effective tillers / m², days taken to maturity (no.), test weight (g), and grain yield in barley were found higher under 5m x 2m spacing as compared to 4x2m spacing. The crop indicates that 5m x 2m spacing is more appropriate spacing of clonal Eucalyptus plantation from productivity and practically fruitful aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of sorghum and barley intercropped with 3-year-old kadam based agroforestry system at a spacing of 7m x 3m. The growth observations of kadam tree like dbh (12.46 cm) and basal diameter (18.24 cm) were recorded during the study. The growth, physiological parameters, yield attributes and yield of sorghum and barley were also recorded. The plant height of sorghum and barley showed significant variation under kadam based agroforestry system (AFS) and open (sole crop). Significant variation was observed in the physiological parameters (chlorophyll, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance) of sorghum and barley crops with kadam plantation as well as sole crop (devoid of trees). The plant height, leaf area, fresh leaf and stem weight, and green fodder yield in sorghum showed highly significant variation in kadam as well as sole sorghum. The fodder yield of sorghum varied from 32.24 (with kadam) to 40.90 (control) t/ha. The per cent yield reduction in kadam plantation was 21.16 %, respectively over control. Significant variations were also observed in spike length, number of grains per spike, grain and straw yield of barley under kadam based AFS as well as sole barley (devoid of trees). The grain yield of barley varied from 2.21 (kadam) to 3.91 (control) t/ha. The per cent yield reduction in kadam plantation was 43.43 %, respectively over control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted at Forage Section Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during kharif season of 2019 and 2020 on single-cut forage sorghum to quantify the impact of plant bio-regulators on forage productivity and quality of sorghum grown as rainfed crop. Eight treatments including foliar application of plant bio-regulators included 2% urea, 2% NPK (18-18-18), 2% potassium nitrate (KNO3), 1 ppm silicic acid, 2 ppm silicic acid and 100 ppm salicylic acid at panicle initiation and flag leaf emergence stage were compared with no spray as well as water spray in randomized block design in three replicates. The application of PBRs increased green fodder yield by 13.75-19.73 per cent over control. On pooled mean basis, the highest green and dry fodder yield of 52.31 and 13.74 t/ha, respectively was recorded with application of 2% NPK (18-18-18). Among treatments, the crude protein content in dry fodder was not affected significantly, however, maximum crude protein yield was estimated with the application of 2% water soluble fertilizer NPK (18-18-18) which was on a par with urea @ 2%, KNO3@ 2%, silicic acid 2 ppm and 100 ppm salicylic acid. Beside this, there was a substantial reduction in the HCN content due to foliar application of 2% KNO3. On pooled mean basis, foliar application of PBRs /nutrients improved the BC ratio which ranged from 1.62 to 1.70 with KNO3, 2% NPK (18-18-18), 2% urea, 1 and 2 ppm silicic acid and 100 ppm salicylic acid spray. The BC ratio with the foliar application of 2% KNO3, 2% NPK (18-18-18), 2% urea, 2 ppm silicic acid and 100 ppm salicylic acid was 7.28, 9.27, 12.58, 11.26 and 11.92 per cent higher over control (no foliar spray, only recommended dose of fertilizer @ 75 kg N+30 kg P2O5+ 30 kg K2O/ha), respectively on pooled mean basis. Foliar application of KNO3 presents a viable option for improving sorghum fodder productivity and its quality under rainfed/ moisture stress situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is grown under both rainfed and irrigated conditions in Haryana and weeds pose serious threat to its production under both the conditions. Owing to increasing labour cost, there is need for chemical weed management, but, there is no chemical recommendation for weed management in cluster bean in Haryana. So, a field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2018 and 2019 at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India in a semi-arid climate. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design having three replications, with three irrigation levels viz., no post-sown irrigation, one irrigation and two irrigations in main plots, while five weed management practices viz., pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha as PRE, imazethapyr 70 g/ha as PRE, imazethapyr 70 g/ha at 21 DAS, imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 70 g/ha at 21 DAS and farmers' practice (2 hand weedings at 3 and 5 WAS) in sub-plots. The cluster bean crop was infested with Cyperus rotundus, Convolvulus arvensis, Digera arvensis and Echinochloa colona. The dry weight of weeds at 60 DAS and at harvest increased with the increasing irrigation levels. Among the weed management practices, two hand weedings at 3 and 5 WAS, produced minimum weed dry weight at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest, while, imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 70 g/ha at 21 DAS was found most effective in controlling the weeds among the chemical methods. During both the years, maximum seed yield of cluster bean was produced by irrigating the crop with two irrigations (1036 and 726 kg/ha), which was statistically at par with one irrigation (1009 and 682 kg/ha, during 2018 and 2019, respectively). Two hand weedings at 3 and 5 WAS, was found superior to chemical weed control treatments in producing seed yield (1121 and 754 kg/ha during 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 70 g/ha at 21 DAS produced highest seed yield (968 and 674 kg/ha, during 2018 and 2019, respectively), which was statistically similar to imazethapyr 70 g/ha PRE (932 and 654 kg/ha, during 2018 and 2019, respectively) and both of them were superior to imazethapyr 70 g/ha at 21 DAS and pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha as PRE. The bacterial and PSB count at harvest of cluster bean crop increased with increase in irrigation levels and bacterial population was lower with soil application of herbicides (either pendimethalin or imazethapyr) as compared to foliar application of herbicides and 2 HW treatments, however, PSB population was not affected by weed management practices. Maximum herbicide residue at harvest of the cluster bean crop was found in imazethapyr 70 g/ha at 21 DAS and followed by imazethapyr 70 g/ha PRE and imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 70 g/ha at 20 DAS. Reduction in the germination, growth and yield of mustard was observed due to residual effect of the chemicals applied in cluster bean during both years of study, maximum being with imazethapyr 70 g/ha at 21 DAS followed by imazethapyr 70 g/ha PRE and imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 70 g/ha at 21 DAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of drug delivery systems has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, driven by the need for more effective and targeted therapies. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer innovative solutions to overcome the limitations of conventional drug formulations, including poor bioavailability, off-target effects, and low patient compliance. This comprehensive review provides an overview of recent developments in NDDS, including nanoparticle-based systems, liposomes, micelles, hydrogels, and transdermal delivery systems. The review discusses key strategies employed in NDDS, such as targeted delivery, controlled release, and stimuli-responsive formulations, as well as their applications in various disease areas, including cancer, infectious diseases, and chronic conditions. Additionally, regulatory considerations, challenges, and future directions in the field of NDDS are explored, highlighting the potential of these technologies to transform drug therapy and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice landraces conserved by tribal farmers are important for their nutritional richness. Landraces are rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids useful to cure noncommunicable diseases and metabolic disorders. A study was carried out with 10 rice landraces from the tribal‐dominated belt of Southern Odisha to investigate grain nutrition, proximate composition, and vitamin and mineral contents. The protein content of the landraces was higher (>6 g/100 g) and the fat content was lower (<0.6 g/100 g) than popular Indian rice varieties. The mean nutrient content of 10 rice landraces was as follows: protein 6.3 ± 0.313 g/100 g, total dietary fiber 1.6 ± 0.094 g/100 g, fat 0.536 ± 0.008 g/100 g, ash 10.514 ± 6.753%, and total sugar 77.18 ± 2.118 g/100 g. The high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for alkali spreading value (31.11%), capacity of grain hydration (52.705), index of hydration (171.439), moisture (46.343%), and vitamin B2 (23.994%) in rice landraces. Few landraces had superior iron content: Kalamalli (1.49 mg/100 g), Kandulakathi (1.42 mg/100 g), and Dudhamani (1.39 mg/100 g) compared to popular Indian rice varieties. Tikichudi had highest moisture (19%) and fat (0.53 g/100 g) content, which signifies the taste quality of rice. Kanakchudi exhibited the highest fiber content (1.8 g/100 g) and ash content (22.80%). Kalamalli contained higher zinc (0.49 mg/100 g), iron (1.49 mg/100 g), potassium (108.33 mg/100 g), magnesium (78.33 mg/100 g), and phosphorus (125.00 mg/100 g), whereas Muktabali was found to have higher Ca (3.88 mg/100 g) and Baunsidubraj exhibited higher niacin (4.9 mg/100 g). The indigenous landraces Kalamalli, Kandulakathi, and Dudhamani had considerably high iron content, whereas Kalamalli, Baunsidubraj, and Muktabali possessed less phytic acid in comparison with existing varieties and other landraces reported from various states of our country. Landraces Kalamalli, Kanakchudi, Tikichudi, and Muktabali from southern Odisha, India, represented nutritionally better genetic pool for future rice improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]