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Schiff base metal complexes exhibit huge potential as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the high overpotential and complex synthesis process largely restrict their practical application. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of different cobalt/iron based redox active pyridyl Schiff base metal complexes by a one-pot method. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Co and Fe in Co3FePM-TPDA and the unique molecular structure, which provides favorable electron transportation and an abundance of active sites, the optimized Co3FePM-TPDA electrodes exhibit an overpotential of 298 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 and significant stability in 1.0 M KOH. In addition, a minimal overpotential of 331 mV is sufficient to achieve 10 mA cm−2 in simulated seawater electrolysis (1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the addition of Fe atoms improves the Gibbs free energy for adsorbed OOH on Co3FePM-TPDA and improved catalytic activity for the OER process. The facile synthesis strategy presented in this work for effective and stable catalysts may expand the research on Schiff base metal complexes as OER catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The whole-brain radiotherapy (WRBT)-based therapeutic efficacy is often limited against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+)-positive advanced breast cancer (BC) and brain metastases (BM), requiring more effective treatment options. This prospective study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of combining WBRT with pyrotinib in patients with HER2+ advanced BC and BM. Methods: The enrolled patients (n = 26, from April 2019 to March 2022) were divided into two treatment groups. Group 1 (p-WBRT) received pyrotinib initially, followed by subsequent WBRT. Group 2 (WBRT-p) received WBRT concurrently with pyrotinib. The intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) was determined. Results: In the WBRT-p group (n = 11), the median iPFS was recorded as 25.0 months (95% CI, 15.3–34.7), while the overall survival (OS) rates in 1–4 years were 100, 54.5, 9.1, and 0%, respectively. The intracranial objective response rate (iORR) and intracranial clinical benefit rate (iCBR) were 63.6 and 90.9%, respectively. In the p-WBRT group (n = 15), the median iPFS was around 22.0 months (95% CI, 4.3–39.7), and the OS rates in 1–4 years were 100, 53.3, 33.3, and 6.7%, respectively. The iORR and iCBR values were 66.7 and 80.0%, respectively. Notably, no significant differences in iPFS, OS, iORR, and iCBR were observed between treatment groups. Although some instances of adverse events, such as vomiting and reduced white blood cells and neutrophil counts, were evident, these adverse events were grades 1–3. Conclusion: WBRT combined with pyrotinib exhibited exceptional tolerability, showing long iPFS in patients with HER2+ advanced BC and BM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Points: Question: Does the addition of camrelizumab to chemotherapy increase the pathological complete response rate when used as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer? Findings: In this randomized clinical trial that included 441 patients with early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer, camrelizumab plus chemotherapy, compared with placebo plus chemotherapy, significantly improved the rate of pathological complete response (56.8% vs 44.7%). Meaning: Among patients with early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer, a neoadjuvant treatment strategy of adding camrelizumab, compared with placebo, to chemotherapy resulted in improved pathological complete response rate. Importance: Preferred neoadjuvant strategies for early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer include a 4-drug chemotherapy regimen containing anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, taxanes, and platinum. Blockade of the programmed death receptor 1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway may improve efficacy of classic neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Camrelizumab, an anti–PD-1 antibody, has showed antitumor activity in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of camrelizumab plus chemotherapy vs placebo plus chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial enrolled patients from 40 hospitals in China between November 25, 2020, and May 12, 2023 (data cutoff: September 30, 2023). A total of 441 eligible patients were enrolled. Interventions: Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either camrelizumab 200 mg (n = 222) or placebo (n = 219) combined with chemotherapy every 2 weeks. The chemotherapy included nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve, 1.5) on days 1, 8, and 15 in 28-day cycles for the first 16 weeks followed by epirubicin (90 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2) every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was pathological complete response (defined as no invasive tumor in breast and lymph nodes [ypT0/Tis ypN0]). Results: Among 441 females randomized (median age, 48 years), the median (range) follow-up duration from randomization was 14.4 (0.0-31.8) months. Pathological complete response was achieved in 126 patients (56.8% [95% CI, 50.0%-63.4%]) in the camrelizumab-chemotherapy group and 98 patients (44.7% [95% CI, 38.0%-51.6%]) in the placebo-chemotherapy group (rate difference, 12.2% [95% CI, 3.3%-21.2%]; 1-sided P =.004). In the neoadjuvant phase, adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 198 patients (89.2%) in the camrelizumab-chemotherapy group and 182 (83.1%) in the placebo-chemotherapy group; serious adverse events occurred in 77 patients (34.7%) in the camrelizumab-chemotherapy group and 50 (22.8%) in the placebo-chemotherapy group, with fatal adverse events occurring in 2 patients (0.9%) in the camrelizumab-chemotherapy group. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer, the addition of camrelizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pathological complete response. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04613674 This phase 3 randomized clinical trial examines the efficacy and adverse events of camrelizumab plus chemotherapy vs placebo plus chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have gradually become the major catalysts for bifunctional electrocatalytic processes of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) applied in rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs). In this article, by epitaxially growing a Ni complex onto Co-based ZIF-67 as a precursor, an optimal catalyst (abbr. Co9S8/Ni3S2@NC-800) incorporating N-doped carbon matrices encapsulated binary Co9S8 and Ni3S2 nanoparticles was constructed by high-temperature pyrolysis, which can efficiently drive bifunctional ORR/OER activity (ΔE = 0.62 V). Notably, the catalyst exhibits remarkable 4e– ORR activity, characterized by a high half-wave potential (E1/2 = 0.96 V), exceeding the performance of benchmark Pt/C. It demonstrates commendable OER activity, requiring a modest operating overpotential of only 325 mV (EJ=10). Moreover, a ZAB assembled with Co9S8/Ni3S2@NC-800 as the air cathode has a substantial power density (213.17 mW·cm–2), an elevated specific capacity (771.10 mAh·gZn–1), and exceptional cycle stability (1421 h, 2842 cycles), which is potentially applied in various energy-related devices. The favorable ORR/OER performance may be due to the synergistic interaction of the N-doped carbon matrix and binary Co9S8 and Ni3S2 TMSs in the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This integrative review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized tranexamic acid (TXA) in managing hemoptysis, assessing its potential as a non-invasive alternative to traditional invasive procedures. Methods: An integrative review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024584812). The search included databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, encompassing studies published up to August 7, 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on human studies that utilized nebulized TXA for hemoptysis, with reported outcomes on bleeding cessation, recurrence, and adverse effects. Extracted data included patient demographics, underlying conditions, TXA dosing, administration methods, clinical outcomes, and reported adverse events. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria: five original research studies, and nine case reports involving 13 patients. The majority of patients were older adults with underlying conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and infections. Nebulized TXA demonstrated high efficacy in controlling hemoptysis across studies, with most patients experiencing rapid cessation of bleeding. In a randomized controlled trial, 96% of patients receiving TXA achieved complete resolution of hemoptysis within five days, compared to 50% in the placebo group. TXA use was also associated with shorter hospital stays and a decreased need for invasive interventions. The safety profile of nebulized TXA was favorable. However, the long-term safety of nebulized TXA, remains unexplored. Conclusion: Nebulized tranexamic acid appears to be an effective and safe non-invasive treatment option for hemoptysis, particularly in non-massive cases. It provides rapid control of bleeding and may reduce the requirement for invasive procedures. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings and to establish optimal dosing regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The application of nanomedicine in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has gained significant attention in the recent years. As the field rapidly evolves, analyzing research trends and identifying research hotpots are essential for guiding future advancements, and a comprehensive bibliometric can provide valuable insights. Methods: The current research focused on publications from 2001 to 2024, and was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to visualize authors, institutions, countries, co-cited references, and keywords, thereby mapping the intellectual structure and identifying emerging trends in the field. Results: The analysis covered 1,518 literature across 447 journals, authored by 9,334 researchers from 5,459 institutions and 287 countries/regions. The global publication numbers exhibited an upward trend, particularly in the last decade, with China leading as the top publishing country and the Chinese Academy of Sciences emerging as the foremost institution. Dr. Xiao Bo is the prominent figure in advanced drug delivery systems. This interdisciplinary field, which spans materials science, pharmacy, and medicine, has seen influential publications mainly concentrated on targeted nanoparticles treatment for IBD. Keyword analysis revealed that current research hotspots include drug delivery, immune cell regulation, antioxidant damage, intestinal microbiota homeostasis, and nanovesicles. Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive overview of global research landscape, emphasizing the rapid growth and increasing complexity of this field. It identifies key research hotspots and trends, including efforts to enhance the precision, efficacy, and safety of nanomedicine applications. Emerging directions are highlighted as crucial for further progress in this evolving area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structured light adjusts optical trapping forces through flexible structure design. However, it is challenging to evaluate optical forces on microscopic particles in structured light due to high computational hardware requirements, prolonged computation times, and data inefficiencies associated with solving optical trapping forces using generalized Lorenz–Mie theory. We propose the use of deep neural networks for predicting and tuning the optical trapping force of cusp-catastrophe autofocusing beams on Mie particles. Inputs include beam's structural parameters, laser power, and the size of captured particle, while the output is the optical trapping force. Following iterative training, the neural network achieved a mean square error of 1.5 × 10 − 5 . Evaluation using 150 sets of test data revealed that 95.3% of the predictions had a relative error of less than 1.8%, indicating a high prediction accuracy. In contrast to traditional computational methods, the neural network model demonstrates a remarkable efficiency improvement— 10 4 times faster in optimizing beams for optical trapping. This advancement demonstrates the advantage of deep learning neural networks for the application of structured light including autofocusing beams in optical tweezers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic alloy catalysts have become highly sought-after star catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their excellent catalytic activity and stability. In this study, an optimal catalyst (Co3Fe7@NC-800) involving Co3Fe7 alloy nanoparticles encapsulated by N-doped carbon shield was constructed by employing Co-ZIF and g-C3N4 assisted with Fe ions as source precursors through an impregnation-calcination method. The catalyst demonstrates a remarkable 4e– ORR activity in alkaline electrolyte with a high half-wave potential (E1/2) of up to 0.94 V, a large limiting current density (JL) of 5.81 mA·cm–2, and good durable stability, surpassing the benchmark Pt/C catalyst. It simultaneously displays moderate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an overpotential of 355.6 mV at 10 mA·cm–2 (EJ=10). Driven by a small oxygen potential gap ΔE of 0.646 V, the rechargeable zinc-air battery (ZAB) applied this catalyst as air cathode delivers a high power density of 141.7 mW·cm–2 and specific capacity of 800 mAh·gZn–1, an excellent rate capability, and a good cycling stability over 200 h at 5 mA·cm–2. The superior ORR activity and good ZAB performance perhaps result from the synergy of abundant available active sites mediated by Co3Fe7 bimetallic alloy nanoparticles and N-doped carbon defects. This work will expand the application of non-noble metal ORR catalysts for future metal-air batteries in energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate land cover mapping plays a critical role in enhancing our understanding of Earth's energy balance, carbon cycle, and ecosystem dynamics. However, existing methods for producing multi-epoch land cover products still heavily depend on manual intervention, limiting their efficiency and scalability. This study introduces an automated approach for multi-epoch land cover mapping using remote sensing imagery and the model migration strategy. Landsat ETM+ and OLI images with a 30 m resolution were utilized as the primary data sources. An automatic training sample extraction method based on prior multi-source land cover products was first utilized. Then, based on the generated training dataset and a random forest classifier, local adaptive land cover classification models of the reference year were developed. Finally, by migrating the classification model to the target epoch, multi-epoch land cover products were generated. Yuli County in Xinjiang and Linxi County in Inner Mongolia were used as test cases. The classification models were first generated in 2020 and then migrated to 2010 to test the effectiveness of automated land cover classification over multiple years. Our mapping results show high accuracy in both regions, with Yuli County achieving 92.52% in 2020 and 88.33% in 2010, and Linxi County achieving 90.28% in 2020 and 85.28% in 2010. These results demonstrate the reliability of our proposed automated land cover mapping strategy. Additionally, the uncertainty analysis of the model migration strategy indicated that land cover types such as water bodies, wetlands, and impervious surfaces, which exhibit significant spectral changes over time, were the least suitable for model migration. Our results can offer valuable insights for medium-resolution, multi-epoch land cover mapping, which could facilitate more efficient and accurate environmental assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]