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Prior research indicates that welfare receipt negatively affects households’ planning and saving for offspring’s post-secondary education. Recently, a growing body of literature suggests that Child...

Race is an important prognostic factor affecting receipt of surgical intervention and survival from cancer in the USA. The findings of this study highlight the importance of implementing changes aimed at narrowing the disparities in outcomes between race in patients with cancers.Race is an important prognostic factor affecting receipt of surgical intervention and survival from cancer in the USA. The findings of this study highlight the importance of implementing changes aimed at narrowing the disparities in outcomes between race in patients with cancers.

Decisional privacy offers individuals the freedom to act and to make important decisions about how they live their lives, without unjustifiable interference from other individuals or the state. Children's perceived vulnerability, incapacity for rational decision-making and dependence on adults have been used to justify depriving children of decisional privacy rights and subjecting them to the exercise of adult power over the conditions of their lives. The aim of this paper is to articulate a theory of children's decisional privacy. It is argued that decisional privacy is valued as a condition that enables individual autonomy. A relational, gradual conception of autonomy is advanced, to explain how children can be recognised as having the capacity for autonomy, and in some circumstances, actual autonomy. This paper presents four fundamental principles of a children's rights approach to decisional privacy, which collectively serve to enhance children's meaningful participation in decision-making about their best interests, consistently with children's evolving capacities and the receipt of appropriate parental direction and guidance. The theory developed in this paper presents an opportunity for adult decision-makers to reflect upon how they make decisions for and about children, and how children can play a meaningful role in those decision-making processes.

Комплексний показник якості видань з роз’ємними блоками — це характеристика, визначена у кількості декількох факторів, їх властивостей, які визначають якість продукції. Цей показник визначається відповідно до експлуатації та способів виготовлення. Серед факторів, що впливають на якість виготовлення роз’ємних конструкцій паперово-білової продукції виділено наступні: виготовлення блоку, зошитів, сторінок; обладнання, матеріали, технологія, методи та засоби вимірювання, персонал (економічна зацікавленість, умови праці, кваліфікація та спеціалізація, дисципліна). Проаналізувавши вплив людських ресурсів, розглянуто ранжування факторів ризику. При розгляданні матеріалів як складової фактору виготовлення, було визначено, що на довготривалість виготовлення впливає тип конструкції, складність конструкції (кількість деталей, складність скріплень), час ручних та машинних операцій при брошурувально-палітурних процесах. В результаті виконаних досліджень проведено загальний аналіз факторів впливу на якість роз’ємних конструкцій паперово-білової продукції, їх ранжування; представлено комплексний показник якості даного виду продукції, розроблено діаграму Ісікави. Згідно із розробленою причинно-наслідковою діаграмою, систематизовано чинники впливу на якість виготовлення роз’ємних конструкцій паперово-білової продукції. Представлена діаграма дозволяє встановити можливі причини отримання браку на всіх етапах виготовлення продукції, провести аналіз причин появи браку та знайти шляхи їх усунення, що в цілому дозволить покращити якість. За результатами опитування двох експертних груп з користувачів (група 1) та виробників (група 2) продукції встановлено, що дані не завжди корелюються між собою. Погляди користувача та виробника деколи відрізняються. Це спричинено тим, що при виробництві окремим фактором при оцінці виробу до уваги береться технологія виготовлення. Тобто в певних випадках використання того чи іншого матеріалу може бути недоцільним або неможливим. Відповідно продукція, що цікава споживачам, досить часто викликає складнощі в технологічних процесах виготовлення на виробництві. За результатами проведених досліджень було розроблено алгоритм керування якістю виготовлення роз’ємних конструкцій паперово-білової продукції, чим було сформульовано вимоги до продукції та потреби або очікування користувачів. Якістю визначається ступінь, для якого сукупність характеристик задовольняє вимоги, що призводять до задоволення замовника та його сприйняття ступеня виконання вимог.

In the article the author explores the main problems of digitalization of administrative services in the field of construction. It is indicated on the validity of the grounds for digitalization of administrative services. The author determines that administrative services in the field of construction are accompanied by a significant share of corruption risks. In the article, the author substantiates that the digitalization of administrative services in Ukraine, including in the field of construction, is an ongoing process that is undergoing significant changes. It is emphasized that during 2020 the national legislation underwent significant changes in the study area, but they did not bring the expected result due to several factors, including political. The author argues that the initiated changes in the functioning of the electronic system in construction will contribute to the legislative definition of the concept of a single state electronic system in construction, ensuring accessibility, convenience, transparency of administrative services in construction, openness, accessibility, reliability, relevance, completeness and security, information (data) of the electronic system, etc. The author argues that declaring equal status and legal force of information and documents will have real results only if such recognition is fully operational for all types of documents at the level of all types of administrative services, especially those with a relevant list of documents in the field of construction. The main factors hindering the development of digitalization of administrative services in the field of construction are substantiated (lack of political will in the issue of radical reform of the system of bodies in construction and urban planning; inertia of the system of administrative services in digitalization, etc.). The author argues that the advantages of using modern information technology in the provision of services in the field of construction are maximum transparency and reduction of corruption risks in construction. However, to implement the project of digitalization of the provision and receipt of administrative services, it is necessary to work more deeply on the regulatory framework in this direction and minimize the impact on human decision-making on the provision of administrative services.

In January 1983 the US-owned multinational Timex, a prominent employer in Dundee since 1946, announced it would cease production of mechanical wristwatches in the city. Substantial redundancies would accompany closure of the Milton of Craigie production unit where 2,000 mainly male skilled engineers and toolmakers were employed. About 2,000 mainly female assembly-line workers would be retained at another factory in the city, at Camperdown, as Timex completed its diversification into subcontracting work in electronics. With this announcement Timex violated the workforce’s moral economy. Significant changes were only permissible where negotiated with union representatives and where the security of those affected was preserved. Capital was leaving Dundee, despite the firm’s receipt of many grants from national and local government. On 8 April Milton workers resisted compulsory redundancy by occupying their plant. Timex was not stopped from ending watchmaking, but compulsory redundancies were averted and a union voice was preserved. Those who wished were transferred to Camperdown. The occupation was a crucial episode in Dundee’s deindustrialization, but has been obscured in popular memory by the bitter dispute accompanying the firm’s final departure from the city in 1993.

Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are usually limited in resources and scope. Therefore, wider engagement of hospital pharmacists in reviewing antimicrobial orders is necessary to ensure appropriate prescribing. We assessed hospital pharmacists’ self-reported practice and confidence in reviewing antimicrobial prescribing, and their knowledge in making AMS interventions. Methods We conducted an Australia-wide, cross-sectional survey in October 2017. A link to the online survey was emailed to hospital pharmacists via the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Factors associated with higher knowledge scores were explored using linear regression models. Results There were 439 respondents, of whom 272 (61.7%) were from metropolitan public hospitals. Pharmacists were more likely to assess the appropriateness of intravenous, broad-spectrum or restricted antibiotics than narrow-spectrum, oral antibiotics within 24–72 h of prescription; p p ≤ 0.01. Conclusion Gaps in practice, confidence and knowledge among hospital pharmacists were identified that could inform the design of educational strategies to help improve antimicrobial prescribing in Australian hospitals.

This paper uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to investigate the role of inheritances for stockholding. Individual heir fixed-effects estimates show that an inheritance receipt increases subsequent stock market participation. The respective magnitude of this shift is higher for large and fully anticipated receipts, whereas it seems to be largest for fully but larger-than-expected transfers. Generally, our effects are driven by households entering the stock market. Also, a less pre-inheritance liquidity constrained household shows higher post-inheritance stock ownership probability. This suggests, inheritance size as well as receipt and size anticipation are determinants for stockholding. In the context of stock market participation, our results highlight considerable heir and transfer heterogeneity which can have important implications for bequest taxation and economic welfare. By means of the intergenerational transmission of inequality and socio-economic status via the ‘wealth channel’, households not only benefit from transfer receipt but also from later capital gains, due to stock market participation.

In order to produce a mathematical model for better understanding of the benefits and utilization of second opinions and to understand the contradiction between the value of second opinions and their perceived underuse, we developed an expected utility theory model to quantify their value. We use a case-based example to find types of biases that could affect second opinions. Although the baseline expected utility theory model presented assumes providers are rational, we relax this and discuss the implications for how these alternative specifications alter predicted use. We found that second opinions are valuable when diagnostic accuracy is variable across physicians or access to high-quality care is restricted. In a stylized simulation example in which about half (50.1%) of diagnoses were incorrect, receipt of 1 second opinion reduced the error rate to 25.8% and receipt of 2 second opinions reduced the error rate to 16.0%. After incorporating potential biases into the model, the value of second opinions increases only when aversion to changing the initial diagnosis is greater than aversion to correcting a mistake. Additionally, this model reveals that second opinions have value even when diagnostic accuracy is perfect. Further, when financial incentives differ from the incentives of the initial consult, a second opinion offers patients a reasonable bound of their treatment options. To conclude, we identify numerous reasons for underuse of second opinions. Specifically, value depends on the degree of diagnostic uncertainty, presence of behavioral biases, and variation in local compensation regimes. Despite their value, recent trends could actually decrease the value of second opinions.

Purpose To examine receipt of formal sexual health education on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and receipt of HIV testing in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) residing in nonmetropolitan versus metropolitan areas. Methods A secondary data analysis of the 2015–2017 National Survey of Family Growth of AYAs ages 15–24 years (N = 3,114). Logistic regression models predicted associations between nonmetropolitan versus metropolitan status and outcomes of interest (formal sexual health education on HIV/AIDS and HIV testing). Results Most AYAs (85.3%) reported receiving formal sexual health education on HIV/AIDS, while less than half (46.9%) indicated receiving HIV testing. Residing in a nonmetropolitan area was associated with a lower odds of reporting formal sexual health education on HIV/AIDS (OR = .47, CI = [.29, .77]) but not with HIV testing (OR = 1.33, CI = [.89, 2.01]). Conclusions AYAs living in nonmetropolitan areas are less likely to receive formal sexual health education on HIV/AIDS.

International borders to Vanuatu closed on 23 March 2020 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. In May–July 2020, the Government of Vanuatu focused on the safe and timely return of citizens and residents while ensuring Vanuatu remained COVID-19 free. Under Phase 1 of repatriation, between 27 May and 23 June 2020, 1522 people arrived in the capital, Port Vila, and were placed in compulsory government-mandated 14-day quarantine in 15 hotels. Pre-arrival health operations included collection of repatriate information, quarantine facility assessments, training for personnel supporting the process, and tabletop and functional exercises with live scenario simulations. During quarantine, health monitoring, mental health assessments and psychosocial support were provided. All repatriates completed 14 days of quarantine. One person developed symptoms consistent with COVID-19 during quarantine but tested negative. Overall health operations were considered a success despite logistical and resource challenges. Lessons learnt were documented during a health sector after-action review held on 22 July 2020. Key recommendations for improvement were to obtain timely receipt of repatriate information before travel, limit the number of repatriates received and avoid the mixing of “travel cohorts”, ensure sufficient human resources are available to support operations while maintaining other essential services, establish a command and control structure for health operations, develop training packages and deliver them to all personnel supporting operations, and coordinate better with other sectors to ensure health aspects are considered. These recommendations were applied to further improve health operations for subsequent repatriation and quarantine, with Phase 2 commencing on 1 August 2020.

The article reveals the peculiarities of accounting in public associations, taking into account the specifics of their operation, in partic-ular in the aspect of standard correspondence of accounts of the main operations of public associations with the status of a legal entity. Emphasis is placed on the use of targeted funding accounts, as well as revenues and expenditures of public associations. The peculiar-ities of the activity of public organizations and public unions as separate organizational and legal forms of public associations are given, taking into account the legal status of their founders and participants. It is established that the main differences of public associations that affect their accounting are: non-profit status – the lack of accounting for the concepts of “profit” and “loss”; non-entrepreneurial activity as a priority – focus on the satisfaction of public interests; voluntary participation – features of accrual and payment of entrance and annual membership fees; lack of property interest from the participants – the passive nature of the account of settlements with creditors; possi-bility of cooperation with international governmental and non-governmental organizations – conducting currency accounting; possibility of formation of separate subdivisions (acquisition of all-Ukrainian status) – keeping records of current internal settlements; the right to financial support from budgets of different levels – the formation of reports on the targeted use of budget funds; the target nature of the disposal of funds and other property – separate accounting of property by sources of income and areas of use; active interaction with public authorities and local governments – the possibility of funding through the Treasury; moderate external control over the activity – evidence of the legitimacy of the transactions. A combined version of the structure of sub-accounts of targeted funding and targeted rev-enues of public associations is proposed, which provides for the opening of analytical accounts of the second and third orders in terms of individual projects and budget items. Typical operations for public associations that determine the specifics of their accounting are: accrual and payment of membership fees, receipt of property from various sources, settlement with contractors in the implementation of individual projects, calculation of exchange rates, recognition of income and expenses.Keywords: accounting, public association, public organization, public union, targeted funding. У статті розкрито питання особливостей обліку у громадських об’єднаннях з урахуванням специфіки їх функціонування. Наведено особливості діяльності громадських організацій та громадських спілок як окремих організаційно-правових форм громадських об’єднань. Установлено, що основними відмінностями громадських об’єднань, які впливають на ведення ними бухгалтерського обліку, є: неприбутковий статус, непідприємницька діяльність як пріоритет, добровільність участі, відсутність майнового інтересу з боку учасників, можливість співробітництва з міжнародними урядовими та неурядовими організаціями, можливість утворення відокремлених підрозділів (набуття всеукраїнського статусу), право на фінансову підтримку з бюджетів різних рівнів, цільовий характер розпоряджання коштами та іншим майном, активна взаємодія з органами державної влади та місцевого самоврядування, помірний зовнішній контроль над діяльністю. Ключові слова: бухгалтерський облік, громадське об’єднання, громадська організація, громадська спілка, цільове фінансування.

This study aims to analyze the factors that support and hinder receipt of local revenue and analyzed the strategies to increase of local revenue in Seluma Regency. The analytical method used is the SWOT analysis to determine the internal factors and external factors as well as the strategies used to improve the local revenue in order to increase the financial independence Seluma.SWOT analysis obtained for internal factors (strengths - weaknesses) was 0.657 and the analysis of external factors (opportunities - threats) is 0.778, so the strategy is in quadrant I in the form of SO strategy that is by utilizing all the power to seize the opportunity as big as or create strategies that use force to take advantage of opportunities that include: involving employees in the implementation of education and training; explore potential sources of tax/levy new; cooperate across local service agency; utilizing advances in information technology; and improve service to taxpayers

Giving body-related comments is common and viewed as a sign of showing care in China. However, it is unclear whether receiving body-related comments is associated with body-related exercise motivat...

Currently this technology has had a major influence on the way of life and lifestyle so that it has spread to all domains, including credit applications that have made major changes to digital forms. Applications for credit at the Tanah Laut people's credit bank are still done manually starting from the credit application process, processing data and files, to preparing reports. This causes the credit application process to be ineffective and takes a long time, so that it can negatively affect customer satisfaction. This credit application system was developed on a web basis using a codeigniter framework, with the waterfall development method. This system can apply for credit online, helps make it easier to make decisions in determining the receipt of credit applications, helps in making monthly reports.

Background Worldwide, many people have been affected by COVID-19, a novel respiratory illness, caused by a new type of coronavirus SARS-CoV2. The COVID-19 outbreak is considered a pandemic and has created a number of challenges for the general population, patients, and healthcare professionals. Lockdowns have been implemented to slow down the spread of the virus with the expectation that these restrictions will limit the number of cases, and hence the number of hospitalizations and ICU admissions. However, these restrictions, and in particular lockdowns, impact on the life of everyone living in Ireland. Aim To record how the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent restrictive measures impacted on people’s activities, work, schooling, and childcare. Methods The Corona Citizens’ Science Project was set up as a population-wide survey. A questionnaire was designed, and the survey was first launched on the 8th of April 2020. An overview of results was released in the press days later. Data was collected in four waves: April 8, April 22, May 6, and June 17, 2020. Each wave had core questions allowing to compare each wave, and wave-specific questions, to understand current impact of changing measures. Results Over four waves, 152,259 responses were collected. The mean age of respondents was 47 with about 10% over the age of 65. Around 75% were female and 85% had a higher degree. Nearly 70% of the respondents were in employment, and around 13% were retired. Up to 20% of the respondents were essential workers, and 10% of respondents indicated they were in receipt of the COVID-19 pandemic unemployment payment. Around 10% of the people who responded were living alone. The number of people talked to the previous day was on average 2.3 in the first survey; during the lockdown, this went up over time, and in the last survey, the mean was 3.9. The percentage of respondents who did not talk to anyone the previous day decreased from 40 to 22% over the waves. In the first wave, about 6% of respondents reported having had flu-like symptoms in the last 14 days, which declined to 3.3%, 2.5%, and 2.0% in waves 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Similarly, over the four waves, the respondents who indicated that someone they lived with had flu-like symptoms declined from 17 to 12%, 9%, and 11%. Throughout the four waves, nearly one third of people reported one or more underlying conditions. Conclusions As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of restrictive measures, in particular lockdown, were implemented in Ireland to protect populations and healthcare systems. To record some of the major impacts on society, we launched a Corona Citizens Science Project, with the aim to support decision-making. This report provides detail of its findings.

To appropriately route children with developmental disabilities to appropriate early interventions, those children must first be identified via developmental screening and/or developmental monitoring. Most early identification research emphasizes the relationship between developmental screening and Part C early intervention (EI) receipt for children birth to two. The relationship between developmental monitoring and service receipt is understudied, particularly for 3 to 5-year-old children are routed to Part B (619) early childhood special education services. Thus, this study used data from the National Surveys of Children’s Health (2007, 2012) to investigate the relationship between community-based health care providers (HCP) developmental screening and/or monitoring and the odds of early childhood special education receipt for preschool aged children (3 to 5). Across years, children whose HCP provided both developmental screening and monitoring, or developmental monitoring alone, had substantially greater odds of receiving special education compared to those who did not receive screening or monitoring. Receipt of developmental screening alone was associated with special education receipt in 2012, but not 2007. Developmental monitoring is understudied compared to developmental screening. Data presented here indicate that monitoring is associated with Part B 619 special education receipt and warrants further investigation to better understand how, with developmental screening, developmental monitoring might improve the identification of young children in need of 619 services. In particular, longitudinal analyses capturing data across systems, from screening and monitoring to assessment and service receipt, is needed to understand the effectiveness of monitoring for early identification and appropriate routing of children to relevant care systems.

This study aims to determine the best service quality at the Pematangsiantar City Population and Civil Registration Office, which includes services for making Identity Cards (KTP), Family Cards (KK), birth certificates, marriage certificates and receipt making. The method used in this research is the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire technique that is distributed directly to the people who come to take care of the needs of personal and family data files. The parameters used consist of the facilities provided, employee behavior, services, and provisions. Determining community satisfaction with a service can be seen from the quality of the type of service. The results of this study were obtained in rank-1 with a normal value of 0.49126400, rank-2 family cards with a value of 0.18988000, rank-3 birth certificates with a value of 0.16073800, marriage certificates rank-4 with a value of 0.09707200 and Finally, rank-5 receipt services with a value of 0.06104600 With this research it is hoped that it can help the Pematangsiantar City Population and Civil Registration Service to evaluate the services provided to the community in order to meet community expectations in terms of managing the needs of personal and family data files and knowing the types of best services.

The materials and information characterizing the state of the modern world gasification industry of various raw materials and its technologies for obtaining a wide range of energy carriers and chemical products are presented. The main trends and prospects for the further development of gasification and ways to solve the associated problems are reflected. Bibl. 18, Fig. 3, Tab. 5.

Failure to maintain viral suppression may be attributed to suboptimal care engagement. Using data collected during 2015-2018, we describe nationally representative estimates of engagement in care among US adults with diagnosed HIV, overall and by viral suppression. Of those who felt they did not receive enough care, we described detailed information on barriers to care by viral suppression. We reported weighted percentages and evaluated differences between groups using Rao-Scott chi-square tests (p < .05). Persons who were not virally suppressed were less likely to be retained in care (57.3 vs. 90.8%). Common barriers to care included life circumstances that impeded receipt of care (50.0%), financial barriers (34.5%), and not feeling sick enough to take medicine (32.0%). Barriers to care varied by viral suppression status, and people who were not virally suppressed were more likely to report more than one barrier to care. These findings demonstrate that barriers can be multifaceted; addressing barriers to care by expanding comprehensive care models in HIV care settings could improve clinical outcomes among people with HIV.

BackgroundNew Zealand’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic involved a nationwide stay-at-home lockdown in March–April 2020 that restricted access to primary healthcare services.MethodsAn online survey of 15–24-year-olds in a high deprivation region of New Zealand asked about the need for, and receipt of, sexual healthcare during lockdown. Experience of telehealth and preferences for future receipt of sexual healthcare were also explored. Social media advertising was used to recruit participants over five weeks in August and October 2020.ResultsThe survey sample included 500 respondents comprising 58.8% females, 25.4% Māori (indigenous) ethnicity and 21.4% LGBTQI+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex +) young people. During lockdown, 22.2% of respondents reported sexual health needs (111/500), but fewer than half this group got help (45%, 50/111), believing their issue could wait, or due to barriers contacting services and lack of information about service availability. Experience of telehealth consultations (by 28/50 participants) was mostly favourable though only 46% agreed it was easier than going to the clinic. Telehealth methods were the preferred option by some participants for future receipt of sexual healthcare; but for most scenarios suggested, respondents favoured in-person clinic visits.ConclusionsYoung people experienced unmet need for sexual healthcare during lockdown in New Zealand, but not because services were unavailable. Findings point to the need for targeted information dissemination to young people about available services and the importance of seeking help during lockdown. More research is needed to understand the advantages and disadvantages of sexual healthcare delivered via telehealth to inform future service provision.

The paper deals with the simulation of selected activities in the warehouse. Routine logistics activities are the receipt of the goods, the control of the goods, and the goods’ storage in the warehousing system on the side of the entry into the warehouse. On the output side, these are activities such as picking, packing and shipping. The economy of warehouse operations depends on the efficiency of the logistics activities performed and on deployed the technical means. The paper’s main goal is to present a created simulation model for a selected warehouse activity—receipt of goods into the warehouse. This operation involves unloading the goods from the trucks, moving them to the physical receipt, where the quantitative and qualitative control of the goods is performed (acceptance of goods). An analysis of this activity preceded the creation of the simulation model under operating conditions. The research was performed by observing and measuring the forklift’s work cycle, which unloaded pallets from the trucks. The obtained data from the analysis were the input to the simulation model. The EXTENDSIM8 simulation system was used to create a simulation model. The several experiments were performed on the model after its creating and verifying the functionality. The paper evaluates 3 experiments and analyzes their results. The main benefit, novelty, of the article is the simulation of a selected activity for a specific company’s conditions. The experiments results are a reasonable basis for the creation of an operational tool for the company.

The issues of agricultural production are shown, which differs from other sectors of economy in a number of features, which affects the organization of its accounting. The specificity of agriculture, first of all, lies in the fact that living organisms - animals and plants - act as the object of labor, and the land is the main production means. Production process takes place in natural conditions, in this regard, weather conditions affect its results. It is shown that in agricultural sector, agricultural production cycle has a long character and is equal to one calendar year, during which agricultural products are accounted at the normative forecast (planned) cost, and the actual cost is determined only at the end of the year. The authors state that in order to control the level of costs in production of any product, in addition to the standard (planned) and actual cost, it is necessary to calculate the provisional (expected) cost, which, like the expected financial result, is determined as of October 1 of the current year. It was revealed that the biological characteristics of agricultural production are characterized by the receipt of several types of products from one crop or animal species at the same time. Therefore, in accounting, one should differentiate between costs and calculation of cost price of the output of various product assortments. It is justified that cost accounting in the main branches of AIC is carried out not by the objects of calculation (grain, milk, offspring), but by objects of accounting (spring wheat, sheep breeding, etc.). The costs between all types of samples of goods are mainly distributed according to the determined coefficients, in proportion to their assessment.

Background: Food insecurity can negatively impact adherence to and receipt of high-quality cancer care. The purpose of the study was to (1) compare the prevalence of COVID-19 associated food insecurity among cancer survivors to adults without a history of cancer and (2) examine determinants associated with COVID-19 related food insecurity among cancer survivors. Methods: We used nationally-representative data from the COVID-19 Household Impact Survey (n = 10,760), collected at three time points: April 20-26, May 4-10, and May 30-June 8 of 2020. Our primary exposure was cancer survivor status, based on participant’s self-report of a cancer diagnosis (n=854, 7.1%). Primary outcomes of food insecurity were categorized on how often (response options: often true, sometimes true, never true) participants reported the following: “We worried our food would run out before we got money to buy more” or “The food that we bought just didn't last, and we didn't have money to get more”; respondents were categorized as food insecure if they chose often true or sometimes true. We also examined use of food pantry assistance or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits during the pandemic period; respondents were also categorized as food insecure if they received or applied for these benefits. We compared reported food insecurity among cancer survivors to other U.S. adults using Chi-square tests. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to identify demographic determinants of food insecurity among cancer survivors. Results: Thirty-two percent of cancer survivors were food insecure. Cancer survivors aged 30-44 years and those aged ≥60 were more likely to report being food insecure compared to respondents without a history of cancer in the same age categories (30-44 years, 59.9% versus 41.2% p = 0.01, ≥60 years 27.2% versus 20.2%, p = 0.01). Cancer survivors without a high school diploma were more likely to report food insecurity compared to adults without a high school diploma and no history of cancer (87.0% versus 64.1%, p = 0.001). In examining determinants of food insecurity among cancer survivors, adults aged 45-49 years when compared to those ages ≥60 (aPR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.16-2.03), adults with no high school diploma (aPR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.53-4.50) or a high school degree (aPR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.08-3.49) compared to those with a baccalaureate or above, adults with an annual household income Citation Format: Marlene Camacho-Rivera, Jessica Y. Islam, Denise C. Vidot. Disparities in food insecurity among cancer survivors during the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr S10-04.

Фундамент сучасного міського господарства міста Житомира почав закладатися на рубежі ХІХ–ХХ ст. У цей період активно розвивалася промисловість, торгівля, фінансові установи, а також сфера гостинності. Економіко-правові аспекти діяльності тогочасних закладів громадського харчування регулювалися Положенням про трактирні заклади 1863 року, згідно з якими до трактирних закладів належали готелі, подвір’я, мебльовані квартири, кімнати, ресторації, кавові будинки, кафе-ресторани, харчевні, буфети, трактири, намети для відпочинку та інші заклади з правом «тримати стіл» і подавати напої. Відповідно до законодавчих актів для цих підприємств встановлювався трактирний збір, розмір якого визначався спеціальною комісією Міської думи. Аналіз архівних даних щодо видачі дозволів на відкриття трактирних закладів, а також патентів дозволив авторам у статті узагальнити перелік з 5 ресторанів, 25 трактирів третього розряду з продажем алкогольних напоїв, 9 буфетів, 5 ренських льохів, 6 льохів російських вин (розпивочних), 1 пивної лавки трактирного промислу, 67 пивних розпивочних лавок, які діяли у 1912 році в місті Житомирі. На основі архівних довідок щодо сплати трактирного збору у 1913 році в статті було сформовано унікальні списки ресторанів і трактирів третього розряду; льохів, буфетів та пивних лавок трактирного типу; а також розпивочних пивних лавок із зазначенням їх власників та місць розташування в Житомирі. У статті проаналізовано розподіл трактирних закладів на групи (розряди) та порядок визначення трактирного збору для кожної із груп. Підкреслено роль ресторанів та інших закладів харчування в складі або поряд із закладами розміщення. Проілюстровано оригінальну довідку про сплату трактирного збору власником ресторану, розташованого у готелі «Франція». У висновках підкреслено, що з початком Першої світової війни кількість закладів трактирного промислу постійно зменшувалась, а встановлення радянської влади призвело до остаточного припинення діяльності приватних закладів громадського харчування.

BACKGROUND Providing permanent supportive housing to chronically homeless persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLH) contributes to improved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outcomes, including adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study seeks to understand whether certain components of housing, namely intensity of case management and specialized HIV housing programs, affects ART adherence for PLH in supportive housing. METHODS From 2015 to 2019 we conducted quantitative assessments with 157 PLH in supportive housing at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 18-month postbaseline to identify factors associated with ART adherence. General Estimating Equations for repeated measures were performed to assess bivariate and multivariate measures. RESULTS Two thirds of PLH in supportive housing reported 95% or greater adherence to ART. Multivariate analyses indicate that neither intensity of case management services nor specialized housing for PLH were associated with greater ART adherence. Greater time since diagnosis was positively associated with ART adherence. Greater depressive symptoms and African American race were negatively associated with ART adherence. CONCLUSIONS Study findings reveal that although prior research has established the importance of receipt of housing for homeless PLH, the type or intensity of case management services associated with that housing may not be as important as simply being housed. Our results highlight the importance of considering mental health and more recent HIV diagnosis when developing treatment and case management plans to enhance residents' ART adherence.

The development of waqf management from land and building waqf has a cash waqf that can be a welfare value for Muslims in the management of their assets, especially in the waqf institution in charge of managing waqf or nadzir in order to be more competent in handling cash waqf issues. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of cash waqf in improving the welfare and welfare of the community. The research method used is qualitative descriptive and observation, interview and documentation data collection techniques. The results of this study indicate that the role of cash waqf in improving welfare has been held by KSPPS Khaeru Umah, this is obtained because with the benefits of cash waqf called Productive Loans generate profits or profits in business or business. From the indicators of maqashid al-shari'ah that are used there are five aspects including the assets (al-Maal) which serve as a benchmark for the well-being of al-mauquf alaih, in addition it is accompanied by an increase in religious aspects (ad-Din) which are considered to have the most important strength in among other aspects of maqashid al-shari'ah. In terms of improvement can be said to increase for the welfare of al-mauquf alayhi. In the analysis before and after receiving benefits from Productive Loans al-mauquf alaih in terms of business or business did not experience good development, but after the receipt of protab al-mauquf alaih get additional capital from the business so that it can be managed well and even develop to the results or its profit can increase significantly, this can be said that with the role of cash waqf called the Productive Loan program that has been held by the Kaeru Ummah KSPPS it has a pretty good influence or impact on al-mauquf alaih.

The paper is dedicated to issues on criminal-legal qualification of accepting an offer, promise or receiving an illegal benefit by an official. The concept and the nature of unlawful benefit as the most dangerous display of corruption are highlighted in the paper. The purpose of the paper is an analysis of effective counteraction to corruption crimes is impossible without deep and consistent scientific support particularly without objective analysis of factors of corruption offences and real assessment of preventive measures. Methods of research includes such methods as analysis and synthesis, and classification. The level of the process of fight against bribery is not appropriate in our state. Sufficiency of the list of officials who hold a particularly responsible position is one of the most urgent questions of working-out of appropriate criminal and legal classification of receiving an offer, promise or receiving of illegal benefit by an official, as well as sufficient legal opportunities for the use of operational and investigative materials. Elements of a crime of accepting theoffer, promise or receipt of unlawful benefit by officials and influence of results of criminal-legal assessment of operational information, which includes features of accepting the offer, promise or receipt of unlawful benefit by officials on organization of operational activities. Propositions are formed on the base of received results of research. They are to developmentof novels of Criminal Legislation and Laws in the sphere of operatively-search activity.Propositions are formed on the base of received results of research. They are to development ofnovels of Criminal Legislation and Laws in the sphere of operatively-search activity.

BACKGROUND Interventions can have harmful effects among subgroups they intend to help. The Moving To Opportunity experiment, in which families were randomized to receive a Section 8 housing voucher, was one example. Voucher receipt generally resulted in better long-term mental health and lower substance use and risk behavior outcomes among adolescent girls, but resulted in worse outcomes among adolescent boys. Reasons for this discrepancy and the unintended harmful health effects for boys are unclear. We used mediation analysis to estimate processes through which voucher receipt was hypothesized to affect adolescent mental health and substance use. METHODS We used longitudinal data (10-15 years) on boys enrolled in Moving To Opportunity. We estimated interventional (also known as stochastic) indirect effects of voucher receipt on mental health and substance use outcomes through mediators capturing aspects of the school environment, neighborhood poverty, and instability of the social environment. We also estimated interventional direct effects not operating through these mediators. We used a robust, efficient, nonparametric substitution estimator in the targeted minimum loss-based framework. RESULTS Housing voucher receipt increased long-term risk of any diagnostic statistical manual disorder, any mood disorder, any externalizing disorder, and cigarette smoking among boys. The majority (between 69% and 90%) of the total negative long-term effects could be explained by indirect effects through the mediators considered. CONCLUSIONS This evidence suggests that, even though the intervention had the desired effects on neighborhood poverty and the school environment, these "positives" ultimately negatively impacted the long-term mental health and behaviors of boys.

Objective Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between surgeon representation on NIH study sections and success in grant funding. Summary of background data NIH funding for surgeon-scientists is declining. Prior work has called for increased surgeon participation in the grant review process as a strategy to increase receipt of funding by surgeon-scientists. Methods A retrospective review of surgeon (primary department: General, Urology, Orthopedic, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Neurosurgery) representation on NIH study sections and receipt of funding was performed using NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results (RePORTER) and 2019 Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research data. NIH chartered study section panels and ad hoc reviewers for each 2019 review date were also obtained. Results In 2019, 9239 individuals reviewed in at least 1 of the 168 study sections [190 (2.1%) surgeons, 64 (0.7%) standing members, 126 (1.4%) ad-hoc]. Most surgeons on study sections were male (65%) professors (63%). Surgeons most commonly served on bioengineering, technology, and surgical sciences (29.6% surgeons), diseases and pathophysiology of the visual system (28.3%), and surgery, anesthesiology and trauma (21%). In 2019, 773 surgeons received 1235 NIH grants (>$580 M) out of a total of 55,012 awards (2.2%). Funded surgeons were predominantly male (79%), White (68%), non-Hispanic (97%), full professors (50%), and 43% had additional advanced degrees (MPH/PhD/MBA). surgery, anesthesiology and trauma, diseases and pathophysiology of the visual system, and bioengineering, technology, and surgical sciences were the most common study sections that reviewed funded grants to surgeon-scientists. Ninety-two surgeons both received grant funding and served on study section. Study sections with higher surgeon representation were more likely to fund surgeon-scientists (P Conclusions Surgeon representation on NIH study sections is strongly associated with receipt of funding by surgeon-scientists. Increasing NIH study section representation by surgeons may help to preserve the surgeon-scientist phenotype.

We examine the long-run relationship between tourism development and economic growth using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model for Bangladesh using annual data from 1980-2016. We find an asymmetric relationship between tourism and Bangladesh's economy since a one percent increase in tourism receipt increases economic growth by about 0.19 percent. On the contrary, due to a one percent decline in the tourism receipt, economic growth will decrease by about 0.66 percent. So, the decline in tourism receipt will have a higher negative impact on economic growth than the increase in the tourism receipt in Bangladesh, which result is important for current pandemic situation in tourism due to Covid-19. We also reveal that the impact of positive change in the tourism revenue on GDP stabilizes around 8 years; however, an adverse change on GDP does not stabilize in 15 years. We recommend that a systematic allocation of resources is required to promote and stimulate the tourism industry in Bangladesh for a favourable impact on the country's long-run economic development.Keywords: Tourism Development; Economic Growth; NARDL; Bangladesh; AsymmetryJEL Classifications: C32, O50, Z32DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.11040

This study investigates how group’s value maximization considerations determine affiliates’ access to internal capital. Previous studies have indicated that both the amount of group resources and affiliates’ financial weakness are relevant to internal capital allocation decisions. Our study investigates how these two factors jointly affect affiliates’ access to internal capital. By analyzing the effects of capital shortage on various financing channels in the context of insurance groups, we reveal that financially-weak firms’ capital shortage positively affects the receipt of internal capital when groups own abundant resources. Conversely, when the amount of group resources is limited, those affiliates enjoying better financial conditions receive more internal capital to manage their capital shortage, and financially-weak ones do not; thus, such financially-weak firms exhibit increased tendency to use costly external capital to manage their capitalization. Our findings indicate that groups with less abundant resources tend to engage in “winner-picking” allocation decisions to maximize value.

OBJECTIVE: Those with comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) are a particularly vulnerable group. Information regarding the nature of these comorbidities and how they relate to receipt of substance use treatment could reduce the treatment gap that exists among those with comorbid SUDs. METHOD: Public-use data from the 2015–2017 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health was used to analyze past-year SUD comorbidity combinations among 12 substances and the relationship between these combinations with past-year treatment in adults (N = 128,740). RESULTS: In all, 7.9% of adults had at least one SUD in the past year (6.7% had one SUD, 0.9% had two SUDs, and 0.3% had three or more). Conditioning on specific SUDs, the prevalence of having additional SUDs ranged from 14.9% (alcohol) to 85.1% (hallucinogens). The four most common SUD combinations all included alcohol use disorder. Alcohol and marijuana use disorder was the most common comorbidity combination and had the lowest receipt of treatment. Compared to those with one SUD, adjusted odds of receiving treatment were almost two times greater for those with two SUDs, and more than four times greater for those with three or more SUDs. Treatment prevalence was lower for those who had higher family income and education, were not employed full time, were married, were younger than age 26 years or older than age 50 years, and were Asian. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the treatment gap is reduced among those with multiple SUDs, it remains large. The most common and undertreated comorbid SUD combinations, in conjunction with the most underserved groups, could be targeted to facilitate treatment uptake.

Purpose We investigated meetings of the Dermatologic and Ophthalmic Drug Advisory Committee (DODAC) and the Ophthalmic Devices Panel (ODP) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to determine whether a relationship exists between receipt of industry payments by speakers of the Open Public Hearing (OPH) portion and the nature of their recommendations regarding treatment approval. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods We reviewed publicly available transcripts of all DODAC and ODP meetings from February 2009 to December 2019. For each meeting, information about each public speaker including presence of conflict of interest (COI) and whether their testimony regarding the drug or device was positive, negative, or neutral toward treatment approval was extracted in a blinded fashion using a pilot-tested Google Form. Results Of the 86 speakers, 66 (76.7%) included a COI disclosure statement and 41 (47.7%) disclosed a COI. Regarding classification of the speakers' testimonies, 70 (81.4%) of 86 were positive, 9 (10.5%) of 86 were negative, and 7 (8.1%) of 86 were neutral. Each one of the 41 speakers with a COI gave a positive testimony. Speakers who disclosed a COI were significantly more likely to give a positive testimony than speakers who did not (P Conclusion We recommend the DODAC and ODP require full disclosure of COI information and introduce stricter policies to manage COIs, allowing the committee to fully understand the context of the public speakers' comments, including the possible influence of COI on these comments.

Do successful local nudge interventions maintain efficacy when scaled state or nationwide? We investigate, through two randomized controlled trials, the impact of a national and state-level campaign encouraging students to apply for financial aid for college. The campaigns collectively reached over 800,000 students, with multiple treatment arms patterned after prior local interventions in order to explore potential mechanisms. We find no impacts on aid receipt or college enrollment overall or for any subgroups. We find no evidence that different approaches to message framing, delivery, or timing, or access to one-on-one advising affected campaign efficacy. We discuss why nudge strategies that work locally may be hard to scale effectively.

Objectives Identifying genetic pathogenic variants improves clinical outcomes for children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) by directing therapy and enabling accurate reproductive and prognostic information for families. We aimed to explore the additional personal utility of receiving a genetic diagnosis for families. Methods Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with fifteen families of children with a DEE who had received a genetic diagnosis. The interviews stimulated discussion focusing on the impact of receiving a genetic diagnosis for the family. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the six‐step systematic process of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results Three key themes were identified: “Importance of the label,” “Relief to end the diagnostic journey,” and “Factors that influence personal utility.” Families reported that receiving a genetic label improved their knowledge about the likely trajectory of the DEE, increased their hope for the future, and helped them communicate with others. The relief of finally having an answer for the cause of their child's DEE alleviated parental guilt and self‐blame as well as helped families to process their grief and move forward. Delay in receipt of a genetic diagnosis diluted its psychological impact. Significance To date, the factors associated with the personal utility of a genetic diagnosis for DEEs have been under appreciated. This study demonstrates that identifying a genetic diagnosis for a child's DEE can be a psychological turning point for families. A genetic result has the potential to set these families on an adaptive path toward better quality of life through increased understanding, social connection, and support. Early access to genetic testing is important as it not only increases clinical utility, but also increases personal utility with early mitigation of family stress, trauma, and negative experiences.

Objective: This study evaluates differences in child healthcare utilization by maternal fertility status in the first four years of life. Study Design: The retrospective cohort evaluated Massachusetts (MA) live born infants using data linked from clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART) data, birth certificates, and hospital discharge records. Hospital records of infants born 2004-2017 to mothers of fertile (no infertility treatments or indicators of infertility), unassisted subfertile (UF, indicators of infertility but no fertility treatment), medically assisted reproduction (MAR, non-ART assistance with reproduction) and ART treatment were studied. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) was calculated using multivariable log binomial regression models. Results: We included 339,426 singleton live-born infants discharged from birth hospitalization. Compared to children born to fertile mothers, those born to UF, MAR and ART-treated mothers were more likely to have hospital-based care (aRR 1.06-1.21) in their first 4 years. Conclusions: Maternal subfertility with and without treatment was associated with small increases in child healthcare utilization.

Objectives This study examines receipt of formal sex education as a potential mechanism that may explain the observed associations between disability status and contraceptive use among young women with disabilities. Study design Using the 2011−2017 National Survey of Family Growth, we analyzed data from 2861 women aged 18 to 24 years, who experienced voluntary first sexual intercourse with a male partner. Women whose first intercourse was involuntary (7% of all women reporting sexual intercourse) were excluded from the analytic sample. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the indirect effect of receipt of formal sex education before first sexual intercourse on the association between disability status and contraceptive use at first intercourse. Results Compared to nondisabled women, women with cognitive disabilities were less likely to report receipt of instruction in each of 6 discrete formal sex education topics and received instruction on a fewer number of topics overall (B = −0.286, 95% CI = −0.426 to −0.147), prior to first voluntary intercourse. In turn, the greater number of topics received predicted an increased likelihood of contraceptive use at first voluntary intercourse among these women (B = 0.188, 95% CI = 0.055−0.321). No significant association between noncognitive disabilities and receipt of formal sex education or contraceptive use at first intercourse was observed. Conclusions Given the positive association between formal sex education and contraceptive use among young adult women with and without disabilities, ongoing efforts to increase access to formal sex education are needed. Special attention is needed for those women with cognitive disabilities.

Summary Background Many patients prefer to avoid hospital-based care towards the end of life, yet hospitalisation is common and more likely for people with low socioeconomic position. The reasons underlying this socioeconomic inequality are not well understood. This study investigated health, service access, and social support as potential mediating pathways between socioeconomic position and receipt of hospital-based care towards the end of life. Methods For this observational cohort study, we included deceased participants from the nationally representative English Longitudinal Study of Ageing of people aged 50 years or older in England. We used a multiple mediation model with age-adjusted and gender-adjusted probit regression to estimate the direct effect of socioeconomic position (measured by wealth and education) on death in hospital and three or more hospital admissions in the last 2 years of life, and the indirect effects of socioeconomic position via three mediators: health and function, access to health-care services, and social support. Findings 737 participants were included (314 [42·6%] female, 423 [57·4%] male), with a median age at death of 78 years (IQR 71–85). For death in hospital, higher wealth had a direct negative effect (probit coefficient −0·16, 95% CI −0·25 to −0·06), which was not mediated by any of the pathways tested. For frequent hospital admissions, health and function mediated the effect of wealth (−0·04, −0·08 to −0·01), accounting for 34·6% of the total negative effect of higher wealth (−0·13, −0·23 to −0·02). Higher wealth was associated with better health and function (0·25, 0·18 to 0·33). Education was associated with the outcomes only indirectly via wealth. Interpretation Our findings suggest that worse health and function could partly explain why people with lower wealth have more hospital admissions, highlighting the importance of socioeconomically driven health differences in explaining patterns of hospital use towards the end of life. The findings should raise awareness about the related risk factors of low wealth and worse health for patients approaching the end of life, and strengthen calls for resource allocation to be made on the basis of health need and socioeconomic profile. Funding Dunhill Medical Trust Fellowship Grant (RTF74/0116).

Background Health care personnel have been identified by the ACIP as a priority group for COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted a survey in November-December 2020 at two large, academic hospitals in Philadelphia to evaluate the intention of hospital employees to be vaccinated. Methods The survey was sent electronically to all employees (clinical and nonclinical staff) at a children’s hospital and an adult hospital. The survey was voluntary and confidential. Questions focused on plans to receive a COVID-19 vaccine when available, reasons why employees would/would not get vaccinated, when employees planned to be vaccinated, vaccine safety and efficacy features that would be acceptable, and past history of receipt of other vaccines by the employee and family. Responses were analyzed using univariate and multiple logistic regression methods. Results A total of 12,034 hospital employees completed the survey (a 34.5% response rate). Overall, 63.7% of employees reported that they planned to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, 26.3% were unsure, and 10.0% did not plan to be vaccinated. Over 80% of those unsure or unwilling to be vaccinated expressed concerns about vaccine side effects and the vaccines’ newness. In multivariable logistic regression, persons planning to take a COVID-19 vaccine were more likely to be older, male, more educated, Asian or White, up-to-date on vaccinations, without direct patient contact, and tested for COVID-19 in the past. No significant difference in intention to be vaccinated was found between those with higher versus lower levels of exposure to COVID-19 patients or the number of previous exposures to patients with COVID-19. Conclusions While the majority of hospital employees are planning to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, many are unsure or not planning to do so. Further education of hospital employees about the safety, efficacy, and value of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines is critical to vaccine acceptance in this population.

In December 2019, a cluster of patients in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, presented with severe atypical pneumonia. Because of the association with a novel coronavirus strain, the disease was coined COVID-19. Preventing the spread of the virus through extensive education became the primary intervention point in the containment of COVID-19. Resource and labor mapping shifted to adapt to the pandemic. Nurse practitioners have transitioned to frontline community health and prevention roles in safety education and regulatory resource management.

Objective Adolescents have fewer well-care visits than all other age groups. Males and ethnic minorities are seen least often. We elicited from Black adolescent males and their parents key drivers of teen well-care seeking. Methods We conducted separate semistructured interviews with Black adolescent males and their parents. We recruited parent-teen dyads from West Philadelphia. Eligible teens were age 13 to 18, with no complex chronic health conditions. We purposively sampled teens who had not received preventive care in at least 2 years, some of whom had since returned to care and some not. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded by 2 coders using the constant comparative method, resolving discrepancies by consensus. Interviews continued until thematic saturation. Results We interviewed 23 Black adolescent males (mean age 15) and 22 parents (20 mothers). Participants understood that teens should routinely receive preventive care. Four themes emerged: receiving preventive care is important to knowing teens are mentally and physically well; remembering to schedule/attend visits is challenging - participants find appointment reminders helpful; mothers noted that males of all ages are generally disengaged from health care; teens and parents felt that a “good” parent ensures teens receive preventive care. Conclusions Black adolescent males and their parents value regular preventive care as an opportunity to ensure the teen is physically and mentally well, but competing priorities interfere with care receipt. Results support testing the impact of reminders on receipt of care in this population. These reminders may be most effective if directed at mothers and focused on “good parenting.”

The review is devoted to the analysis of the capabilities of modern navigation systems of healthcare facilities to supply an acceptable level of accessibility to the perception of navigation information for various categories of citizens. The hospitals’ navigation system is considered to be the most important part of the visualization system and one of the basic criteria for the quality of the space of health facilities when forming a new model of a medical organization providing primary health care in the framework of the federal project «Development of a primary health care system» of the national project «Healthcare». From the viewpoint of the management concept of lean production, the hospitals navigation system should be aimed at the complete elimination or reduction of unnecessary movements of visitors, as well as other types of basic and additional losses. The accumulated experience in implementing projects with the implementation of the concept of lean production in outpatient medical institutions of the Russian Federation suggests that a rationally designed and deployed navigation system can be an effective tool for visualization in a lean production methodology. Structural and technological solutions of an effective hospitals navigation system introducing the concept of lean production should take into account the possibility of perceiving navigation information by all population groups, including people with limited mobility: people with disabilities, people with disabilities, people with prams, etc. Technical means of informing, orienting and signaling for people with limited mobility is a complex of various technical means for providing visual, tactile, sound information, orientation in space. In addition, they indicate possible directions of movement and places of receipt of services that contribute to the accessibility, safety, information content and comfort of the healthcare facility. Modern hospitals must meet the requirements of ensuring accessibility and safety for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility due to the implementation of a complex of architectural and planning, engineering, ergonomic, structural and organizational measures of the state program «Accessible Environment». The navigation system can be a key tool for these activities.

Background Older cancer survivors have high rates of long‐term opioid therapy (≥90 days/year). However, the geographical and temporal variation in long‐term opioid therapy rates for older cancer survivors is not known. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using SEER‐Medicare data. Persons aged ≥66 years, diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer from 1991 to 2011, and alive ≥5 years after diagnosis were included. Persons were followed from 1/1/2008 until 12/31/2016. Persons were assigned to a census region in their state of residence each year. Individuals who were covered by an opioid prescription for at least 90 days in a calendar year were classified as having received long‐term opioid therapy. Multivariable analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations. Results Temporal trends significantly varied by region (p, Our study examines the regional and temporal trends in receipt of long‐term opioid therapy among older adults who have lived 5 or more years after cancer diagnosis. We found the annual trends in the receipt of long‐term opioid therapy were the highest in the south and lowest in the northeast. Variation in a clinical practice suggests the need for more research and interventions to improve efficiency, process, cost, and quality of care.

An integral part of reforming the Ukrainian system of vocational education and training is improving the existing incorporated segment of social work and security. The demanding search for an effective problem-solving draws constant attention to the leading foreign and domestic historical experience. The instauration urgency of the latter is caused not only by providing potential continuity of the development, but also by streamlining the educational field. Equally important is the fact that the steps under consideration are to contribute to the formation of a positive image of local authorities in the collective consciousness of the territorial community members. The purpose of the research is to identify and characterize the traditions of zemstvo charity within the system of vocational education of Ukraine. To achieve the purpose, the following methods were used, i.e. logical, historical-genetic, futuristic, retrospective and narrative ones, as well as the method of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction comparative and content analysis, typology and secondary information processing. In the research process, the elements of zemstvo charity in primary and secondary vocational educational institutions have been proved to be preferential or free based education, granted scholarships, free uniforms and overalls, dormitory accommodation, food, textbooks, professional supplies and other materials within the graduation period. Those norms and regulations of social work and security encompassed only the best students and few representatives of bourgeoisie and peasantry. It should be emphasized that, for a century and a half, zemstvo charity transformed from cohort to mass practice in the system of vocational education and, notwithstanding certain narrowing of the receipt categories has, nowadays, become the core of the traditions of social work and its provision. Preserved and acquired principles, norms of pre-Soviet socially oriented practices ensure the viability and socially oriented mission of domestic vocational educational institutions.

Using data from the Fall 2015 through Spring 2018 National College Health Assessment, we examined receipt of pregnancy prevention information and unintended pregnancy by gender identity among participants aged 18–25 years who were assigned female at birth (n = 185 658). Non-binary students were more likely than cisgender students to report wanting (adjusted risk ratio [ARR]: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.08–1.16), receiving (ARR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.13), and having an unmet need for (ARR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02–1.19) pregnancy prevention information from their school. Transmasculine students did not significantly differ from cisgender students for these outcomes. Non-binary and transmasculine students were as likely as cisgender students to have a past-year unintended pregnancy. Non-binary and transmasculine young people are at risk for unintended pregnancy and need access to comprehensive sexual education, reproductive health counseling, and care.

Objective We explored women's preferences for contraceptive education and assess the role of the clinician in delivering this education in three U.S. health centers in 2017-2018. Study design We recruited women ages 16 to 29 presenting for gynecologic care at 3 clinical sites. Respondents completed a survey about preferences for receipt of contraceptive information and trustworthiness of information sources. Results We included 270 respondents’ surveys (77.6% of approached). Clinicians were the most preferred (87.0%) and trusted (83.5%) source of contraceptive information, and 69.0% said a clinician's recommendation made a source more trustworthy. Conclusions Clinicians are a trusted source of contraceptive information; their recommendations of other educational resources may improve acceptance by patients.