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892 results on '"Rabinovitch, Peter S."'

251. Polyploidy, Aneuploidy and the Evolution of Cancer.

Author

Merlo, Lauren M.F., Wang, Li-san, Pepper, John W., Rabinovitch, Peter S., and Maley, Carlo C.

Abstract

Aneuploidy is a ubiquitous feature of cancer and pre-cancerous lesions, yet its significance is poorly characterized. In this chapter, we review the role of tetraploidy and aneuploidy in progression. We examine how aneuploidy may contribute to the evolutionary dynamics prevalent in neoplastic progression, considering whether aneuploidy itself is selectively neutral or advantageous or if it simply acts as a mechanism for the more rapid accumulation of mutations increasing survival and reproduction of cancer cells. We also review evidence from Barrett΄s esophagus, a pre-malignant condition, demonstrating that tetraploidy and aneuploidy are correlated with an increased risk of progression to cancer. Ultimately, we aim provide testable hypotheses and methods for understanding the role of aneuploidy in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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256. Chromosomal instability in ulcerative colitis is related to telomere shortening

Author

O'Sullivan, Jacintha N., primary, Bronner, Mary P., additional, Brentnall, Teresa A., additional, Finley, Jennifer C., additional, Shen, Wen-Tang, additional, Emerson, Scott, additional, Emond, Mary J., additional, Gollahon, Katherine A., additional, Moskovitz, Alexander H., additional, Crispin, David A., additional, Potter, John D., additional, and Rabinovitch, Peter S., additional

Published
2002
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267. The Role of Cyclooxygenase 2 in Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Neoplasia

Author

Agoff, S. Nicholas, primary, Brentnall, Teresa A., additional, Crispin, David A., additional, Taylor, Shari L., additional, Raaka, Stuart, additional, Haggitt, Rodger C., additional, Reed, Michael W., additional, Afonina, Irina A., additional, Rabinovitch, Peter S., additional, Stevens, Allyn C., additional, Feng, Ziding, additional, and Bronner, Mary P., additional

Published
2000
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272. Genetic instability in grossly normal pancreatic duct cells from patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

Author

Brown, Alyssa M., primary, Bronner, Mary P., additional, Brentnall, Teri, additional, Rabinovitch, Peter S., additional, Carter, Katie R., additional, Dziadon, Shawna M., additional, Crispin, David A., additional, William Traverso, L., additional, Oda, Dolphine, additional, Savard, Chris E., additional, Lee, Sum P., additional, and Bell, Richard H., additional

Published
2000
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274. Altered proteome turnover and remodeling by short-term caloric restriction or rapamycin rejuvenate the aging heart.

Author

Dai, Dao‐Fu, Karunadharma, Pabalu P., Chiao, Ying A., Basisty, Nathan, Crispin, David, Hsieh, Edward J., Chen, Tony, Gu, Haiwei, Djukovic, Danijel, Raftery, Daniel, Beyer, Richard P., MacCoss, Michael J., and Rabinovitch, Peter S.

Subjects
LOW-calorie diet, RAPAMYCIN, HEART aging, CELL metabolism, CELLULAR signal transduction, PROTEIN synthesis
Abstract

Chronic caloric restriction (CR) and rapamycin inhibit the mechanistic target of rapamycin ( mTOR) signaling, thereby regulating metabolism and suppressing protein synthesis. Caloric restriction or rapamycin extends murine lifespan and ameliorates many aging-associated disorders; however, the beneficial effects of shorter treatment on cardiac aging are not as well understood. Using a recently developed deuterated-leucine labeling method, we investigated the effect of short-term (10 weeks) CR or rapamycin on the proteomics turnover and remodeling of the aging mouse heart. Functionally, we observed that short-term CR and rapamycin both reversed the pre-existing age-dependent cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. There was no significant change in the cardiac global proteome (823 proteins) turnover with age, with a median half-life 9.1 days in the 5-month-old hearts and 8.8 days in the 27-month-old hearts. However, proteome half-lives of old hearts significantly increased after short-term CR (30%) or rapamycin (12%). This was accompanied by attenuation of age-dependent protein oxidative damage and ubiquitination. Quantitative proteomics and pathway analysis revealed an age-dependent decreased abundance of proteins involved in mitochondrial function, electron transport chain, citric acid cycle, and fatty acid metabolism as well as increased abundance of proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative stress response. This age-dependent cardiac proteome remodeling was significantly reversed by short-term CR or rapamycin, demonstrating a concordance with the beneficial effect on cardiac physiology. The metabolic shift induced by rapamycin was confirmed by metabolomic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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279. Introduction to Functional Cell Assays

Author

NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD, Rabinovitch, Peter S., June, Carl H., Kavanagh, Terrance J., NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD, Rabinovitch, Peter S., June, Carl H., and Kavanagh, Terrance J.

Abstract

The flow cytometer can be used to measure a variety of functional parameters that are of increasing interest to cell biologists. Some of these parameters are already of interest in the clinical laboratory and some will become clinically relevant in the near future. The recent development of a number of new fluorescent probes now permit the measurement of various intracellular free ion concentrations, membrane characteristics, indicators of cellular metabolism, and intracellular glutathione. Most previously available techniques to measure these cellular parameters determined the mean value for a mixed population of cells. The flow cytometer has the unique capacity to permit the measurement of physiologic parameters in large numbers of living single cells; it allows correlation with other parameters such as immunophenotype and cell cycle; and, finally, it reveals heterogeneity within the cell population. As an introduction to several more detailed presentations elsewhere in this volume that describe the clinical application of probes of cellular physiology, this discussion will introduce several measurements of the greatest current interest.

Published
1993

280. Measurements of Cell Physiology: Ionized Calcium, pH and Glutathione

Author

NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD, Rabinovitch, Peter S., June, Carl H., Kavanagh, Terrance J., NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD, Rabinovitch, Peter S., June, Carl H., and Kavanagh, Terrance J.

Abstract

The flow cytometer can be used to measure a variety of functional parameters that are of increasing interest to cell biologists. The recent development of a number of new fluorescent probes now permits the measurement of various intracellular free ion concentrations in single living cells. Among these ions are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and hydrogen (pH). In addition, intracellular glutathione, crucial for maintaining the physiological redox state, can be easily and accurately measured by flow cytometry. Most previously available techniques to measure cellular activation parameters determined the mean value for a mixed population of cells. The flow cytometer has the unique capacity to permit the measurement of physiologic parameters in large numbers of single cells; it allows correlation with other parameters, such as immunophenotype and cell cycle; and, finally, it reveals heterogeneity within the cell population, sometimes even in cells that were previously thought to be homogeneous. In this chapter, flow cytometric techniques to measure intracellular calcium concentration, pH, and glutathione as well as their applications are described

Published
1993

285. Preface

Author

Robinson, J. Paul, primary, Darzynkiewicz, Zbiegnew, additional, Dean, Phillip N., additional, Dressler, Lynn G., additional, Rabinovitch, Peter S., additional, Stewart, Carleton C., additional, Tanke, Hans J., additional, and Wheeless, Leon L., additional

Published
1997
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292. A germline substitution in the human MSH2 gene is associated with high-grade dysplasia and cancer in ulcerative colitis

Author

Brentnall, Teresa A., primary, Rubin, Cyrus E., additional, Crispin, David A., additional, Stevens, Allyn, additional, Batchelor, Robert H., additional, Haggitt, Rodger C., additional, Bronner, Mary P., additional, Evans, James P., additional, McCahill, Lawrence E., additional, Bilir, Nuray, additional, Boland, C.Richard, additional, and Rabinovitch, Peter S., additional

Published
1995
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