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This note compares old and new methods for modeling spatial heterogeneity with spatially varying parameter (SVP) models. Older methods considered include spatial expansion, spatial adaptive filtering, and geographically weighted regression. Newer methods that have emerged since the beginning of the 21st include smooth transition autoregression, spatial Gaussian process, and random parameter models with autoregressive processes. A simulation is used to graphically demonstrate differences between the approaches. Regional scientists planning on using any one of these approaches should carefully consider whether the data generating process they are working with is consistent with the assumptions an SVP maintains regarding spatial heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the practice of designing and restructuring the rural settlement network of Tomsk Oblast from the 1940s through to the 1980s. The focus is on those rural settlements that were seen as having no prospect of further economic development, and whose consolidation constituted the basis of the USSR resettlement policy. Planning schemes and area planning projects created for some areas of Tomsk Oblast are examined, and the results of the implementation of these projects are summarized. The article also explores the socio-economic development of Tomsk villages and the agricultural production crisis in the north of Tomsk Oblast with regard to their impact on migration in the region's rural areas and subsequent depopulation thereof. It identifies the influence of the state reforms on the relationship between the Soviet village and the Soviet authorities, and changes in the adaptation practices of the Soviet peasants in response to the state's policy to increase labour productivity on collective farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article furthers the unconsolidated theoretical discourse on planning cultures, focusing on the region as a highly dynamic planning scale. The article discusses regional planning cultures, distinguishing two meanings: regional planning cultures in regions, referring to regionally specific approaches visible in planning practice, and cultures of regional planning, referring to a shared, abstract understanding of regional planning. The article proposes a refined view on the "culturised planning model" (CPM) with the aim to advance from a static model towards a framework for understanding differences among planning cultures over time and between geographical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans have attempted to control nature since the dawn of time. This paper analyzes riverfront greenway planning in two continents with distinct geographic and climatic contexts: Central Arizona and Central Portugal. It is argued that both places had to innovate in urban design and nature conservancy to survive and flourish. A key finding is that traditions and innovations have unique idiosyncrasies endemic to the places where they are conceived, perfected and implemented. For innovations to travel, professionals ought to work with local communities to identify and implement more appropriate urban design courses of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic geography has shown a remarkable disciplinary dynamism during the first two decades of the 21st century. Such dynamism has boosted interaction between the three scientific projects that have driven the discipline since its inception at the end of the 19th century: the environmental project, concerned with the relationship between economy and Nature; the locational project, which identifies the spatial location patterns of economic activities and their implications for regional development; and the structural-contextual project, focused on the interdependence between the global structures of capitalist accumulation and the diversity of local socioeconomic trajectories. This intra-disciplinary interaction is leading towards a more integrated, fluid and hybrid economic geography, as a response to the transversal nature of environmental, economic, social and political problems that challenge Humanity. This hybridisation, anchored in the acknowledged capacity of economic geography to dialogue with theoretical advances from other sciences, is closely related to the growing influence of environmentalist approaches and concerns onto both locational and structural-contextual projects, which have traditionally been more interested in the spatial and socio-territorial dimensions of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global decline of children's independent mobility is well documented. Whilst the Nordic countries are no exception, a previous study discovered high levels of independent mobility in a suburban community in the south of Sweden (Johansson, M., A. Raustorp, F. Mårtensson, C. Boldemann, C. Sternudd, and M. Kylin. 2011. "Attitudal Antecedents of Children's Sustainable Everyday Mobility." Transport and Health Issues: Studies on Mobility and Transport Research 3: 55–68). The current study investigates the everyday outdoor lives of children in this community to shed light on the mechanisms contributing to the children's independent mobility. Sixteen children aged 10–11 years old participated in place mapping and child-led walks. The results describe how their independent mobility grows from their joint commitment to play and socialise in a collective process that builds on their experiences of the local environment to form a shared patchwork of people, places and practices that meets their mutual needs. In light of plans for new development in the area, relational arrangements supporting children's agency are uncovered and independent mobility is confirmed as an important indicator of child-friendliness in planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional shift‐share analysis and its existing spatial versions fail to detect the simple effects related to the underlying spillovers derived from the neighbourhood and regional contexts. This paper presents a formulation of the spatial shift‐share that incorporates novel effects and classifies the regions in a multi‐contextual framework (national, neighbourhood and regional). The use of different benchmarks is valuable since the performance of some regional sectors can be diagnosed with a national focus, while for others, it may be necessary to resort to neighbourhood and regional characteristics. Thus, the technique facilitates the formulation of strategies to improve the regional economic planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of regional development trend is important to regional planning and coordinated development in China. It provides a basis for decision-makings on the resource balance in multi-regional integration. However, due to the limitation of macro data and the influence of multi-regional correlation, the prediction accuracy of the existing forecasting methods in multi-regional macro-data forecasting is reduced. To overcome these problems, an improved grey model is proposed in this study. Firstly, a new spatial weight matrix is constructed based on the grey correlation analysis to define the spatial effect of multiple regions. Then, an actual-state rolling spatial-effect weighted grey model (ARSWGM) is developed considering the spatial interactions and the actual-state rolling mechanism. Finally, the proposed model is validated by the forecasting of manufacturing quality level of representative provinces in the process of regional coordinated development in China. The result shows that the proposed model demonstrates the best predicting performance compared with the classical grey forecasting models, indicating the advantages of this proposed model in multi-regional macro-data forecasting. Furthermore, this model can also be applied for a broader range of multi-regional limited macro-data forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In response to emergency department over-crowding primary care practitioners (PCPs) have been incorporated into care pathways to provide integrated care. We consider why a pilot project of PCP-led streaming in a German emergency department failed, the challenges encountered transplanting models between differing systems and cultures, and if the concept constitutes integrated care. Theory and Methods: The original design was a mixed methods data gather around PCP-streaming of non-urgent self-referrers in an emergency department. Results: The demand for the PCP-streaming was low, which was at odds with prestudy estimates. The study was stopped prematurely without adequate data; this is an opinion-based article. Discussion: A fundamental of emergency care is a central emergency department. An emergency department can be the fulcrum from which urgent inter-disciplinary hospital care is initiated and coordinated. Objective triage is fundamental to this and regional healthcare planning. With such fundamentals in place, PCP integration has the potential to facilitate and provide integrated care. Relevant elements of the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care frame the discussion. Conclusion: The key element deficient in each barrier to our project, yet present in successful studies, was normative integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many aspects of the Californian approach to controlling the greenhouse gases that cause climate change now have a sufficient track record to provide potential models or lessons for national and even international action. In comparison, the state’s efforts on climate change adaptation, although multifaceted, are less well developed and thus far have focused largely on information sharing, impact assessments, and planning. Still, adaptation could advance more quickly in California than in many other regions, given relatively high public awareness and concern, extensive scientific information, a strong tradition of local and regional planning, and some enabling policies and institutions. Much more political support and sufficient financing will have to be mustered at state and local levels to enable new projects and initiatives to cope with sea level rise, water management, and ecosystem adaptation, not to mention public health and other key areas of concern. Even so, California’s initial efforts to adapt to unavoidable changes in climate may offer insights for other governments that will, inevitably, need to fashion their own adaptation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Regional foresight is one of the regional planning approaches that increase the ability to deal with uncertainty and changes. This study aims to provide an overview of regional foresight studies and domain map to evaluate their merits and defects and direct future studies in this field. For this purpose, 111 papers related to regional foresight were identified at the "Web of Science" in the period 2000 to 2019 and used as the basis for further analysis. These papers have been reviewed in various aspects. In addition, the domain map of regional foresight and its intellectual bases was drawn based on co-citation analysis of these papers and their 4194 references. The domain map includes five main clusters of research areas or intellectual bases for regional foresight: normative forecasting, participation, foresight in policy and strategy, innovation systems, and multi-level governance. Finally, the merits and defects of regional foresight studies are evaluated based on research results and some suggestions are provided for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Polycentricity on a regional scale', or in short the 'polycentric region' (PR), is a key concept in both urban and regional research and planning. But the term is used in many different ways, making it an overstretched concept unsuitable for drawing normative conclusions from. This article highlights the fact that, beyond the lowest common denominator – PRs consist of several centres ('poly' = many) and are situated on a regional scale ('region') – there is no single generally accepted definition of what a PR is. Instead, there are various historical trajectories for the formation of PRs, as well as different substantive perspectives. In this contribution, we will develop a conceptual typology and terminology describing the various dimensions of a PR for the North-Western European context on the basis of a critical literature review. The typology addresses two formation modes, four substantive perspectives and two time perspectives in an attempt to establish conceptual 'building block(s)' for use in empirical PR research and policy formulation. Our typology exposes knowledge gaps to be addressed in a recast PR research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling is a process that allows to present and analyze the economic realities together with their quantitative description, extending to the key development factors, their mutual relationships and assessment of their relevance. The essence of the assessment process is the quantification which means expressing the relevance of specific factors in numeric terms. This approach results in creating a model that enables the proper stimulation of development and is used to conceive effective solutions which form a unified framework for development planning and budgeting. The aim of the study is to construct the development model and to assess development priorities for the Local Administrative Unit (LAU). There is no standard model used to assess the process of development of local administrative units. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) (Chang, 1996) based on expert opinions was used to solve this problem. The essence of this process is to build a hierarchy structure for the problem considered. The hierarchy consists of the main goal, the sub-goals and the tasks. At each hierarchy level, the importance of strategic factors is pairwise compared by experts. Experts' opinions are the basis for the assessment of each strategic factor. The research was based on data from a survey among the councilors of the urban and rural municipality of Stęszew in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship in Poland in 2017. The proposed approach to the construction of the model and the assessment of strategic factors for administrative units is a universal tool for local and regional development planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A buildout analysis is an important methodology in land-use planning. The GIS technicalities of doing a buildout analysis tend to be the purview of professionals with a background in geographical sciences. However, it is argued that planners ought to be able to conduct buildout analysis in order to develop a better understanding of how land-use patterns could change sustainably over time depending on a community's regulatory environment and pace of development. A state buildout analysis is compared and contrasted with buildouts conducted for two local jurisdictions on the opposite ends of Massachusetts: the towns of Amherst and Georgetown. The town of Amherst's computations identified lower values of developable and new commercial/industrial land and 1,878 more new dwelling units than the state-led planning initiative three years earlier. In the case of Georgetown, the UMass Amherst planning consultancy identified lower values of developable land and fewer new dwelling units and 3.5 million square feet more of new commercial/industrial land than the state-led analysis. A series of implications for teaching buildout analysis in Urban and Regional Planning studio courses is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development of a regional and local community involves setting a strategic balance among economic, social, and environmental criteria (factors) of development. Due to their large number, physical quantity variance, and incompleteness, these factors have a limited, sometimes even conflicting and ineffectual application in producing a unified effect on development. This issue becomes resolvable through a modification of factor analysis by means of combining it with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The solutions thus obtained in the form of a ranking, with the top-ranked solution being the most favorable, constitute immense support for decision makers to use the proposed most favorable solution to formulate and implement their plan of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning for a bus-based regional evacuation is essential for emergency preparedness, especially for hurricane or flood prone urban environments with large numbers of transit-dependent or transit-captive populations. This paper develops an optimization-based decision-support model for pedestrian-bus evacuation planning under bus fleet, pedestrian and bus routes, and network constraints. Aiming to minimize the evacuation duration time, an optimization model is proposed to determine the optimal pickup nodes for evacuees to assemble using existing pedestrian routes, and to allocate available bus fleet via bus routes and urban road network to transport the assembled evacuees between the pickup nodes and designated public shelters. The numerical examples with two scenarios based on the Sioux Falls street network from North Dakota (United States) demonstrates that this model can be used to optimize the evacuation duration time, the location of pickup nodes and bus assignment simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally proposed by the former president of Kazakhstan in 1995, Eurasian integration progressed into the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which was launched in 2015. From an international development perspective, the EAEU can be seen as an attempt to boost the international competitiveness of its partners by reorienting them from currently prevailing yet inherently unstable resource-based economic models into more sustainable ones, based on domestic industries structured around common markets for goods, services, capital and labour. In reality, however, the project is yet to prove its viability and development potential, particularly vis-à-vis its powerful neighbours, China and the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale land creation projects involving the cutting of mountains to infill gullies for construction have been carried out in Lanzhou New District (LZND). However, there is an urgent need for comprehensive and detailed research on the spatiotemporal evolution of ground deformation in LZND. Based on Sentinel-1A SAR data, combined with the urban geological background, the ground deformation in LZND from 2017 to 2019 was analysed. Two independent, multi-temporal techniques, persistent scatterers interferometry (PS-InSAR) and the small baseline subset (SBAS-InSAR), were used to calculate the deformation time series, and the results were cross-verified. The time series-monitoring results of the SBAS and PS calculations exhibited strong consistency in LZND and verified the high reliability of the experimental results. The results showed the whole surface of the LZND from March 2017 to October 2019 maintained stability, and the deformation rate was primarily in the range of −10 to 10 mm/year. However, ground deformation in the Xicha area was evident. The maximum annual deformation rates monitored by SBAS-InSAR and PS-InSAR were −52.48 mm/year and −56.35 mm/year, respectively. The most typical deformation areas include the built-up area and the land creation area. The surface subsidence area was concentrated in the filling area. The ground deformation range of LZND kept expanding and accelerating from 2017 to 2019. Land creation, urban construction, geology and precipitation were the primary factors contributing to local severe ground deformation. The results of this study provide reference for the regional urban planning in LZND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clarifies the intention behind the design of the exhibition 'Urbanism Places Exhibition 2018' (UPE2018), and analyzes evaluations of exhibition visitors. It aims to develop a methodology for planning history exhibitions. UPE2018 was an exhibition that focused on plazas in the context of planning heritage. The 55 HIROBA of the Shinjuku Mitsui Building was selected as a venue so that people could experience a high-quality plaza, which is an example of planning heritage in itself. In addition, the organizer prepared content about the history of public spaces in both Japan and the Shinjuku area, as well as on contemporary methods of creating public spaces, and the exhibition featured talks about public spaces. The exhibition method was based on the following principles: 1) an exhibition should be woven into the everyday use of space and 2) the exhibition itself creates a plaza. The evaluations revealed that non-experts especially tended to appreciate the talk-type program. Planners tended to see the planning history exhibition as a source of knowledge that could be useful in urban planning, while non-experts reported the exhibition increased their awareness of surrounding urban spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscape has acquired great importance in the urban and territorial policies of European countries after the European Landscape Convention. Italy has a long tradition in the protection of landscape and cultural heritage, characterised by a particular attention to the history and the identity culture of the communities. The main rule in this field, the Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape of 2004 (Urbani Code), refers to a mix of environmental, cultural, and social factors belonging to different types of natural and urban landscapes that Regional Landscape Plans have to identify, sharing with local communities. The most important innovation concerns the attempt to overcome the binding and regulatory approach, only focused on protection constraints, in order to generate high awareness about the identity value of landscape and to encourage a more democratic community participation in the landscape policies. The ineffectiveness of landscape policies is often due to the lack of sharing of the landscape vision and planning approaches established at regional level, with local authorities and settled communities. This paper reflects on the topic of inter-institutional collaboration between national, regional, and local authorities, by focusing on the process of adaptation of urban local plans to the regional landscape plans and comparing different regional contexts. The article highlights a strong delay in the approval of regional landscape plans and a relevant inter-institutional conflict in the co-planning phase with the national authority, leading to the ineffectiveness of landscape plans in the transfer of regional landscape planning guidelines to the local landscape scale, with relevant consequences on territorial government, between conservative measures and transformation drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reflects on a transdisciplinary complex adaptive systems (T-CAS) approach to the development of a school health research network (SHRN) in Wales for a national culture of prevention for health improvement in schools. A T-CAS approach focuses on key stages and activities within a continuous network cycle to facilitate systems level change. The theory highlights the importance of establishing transdisciplinary strategic partnerships to identify and develop opportunities for system reorientation. Investment in and the linking of resources develops the capacity for key social agents to take advantage of disruption points in the re-orientated system, and engagement activities develop the network to facilitate new social interactions and opportunities for transdisciplinary activities. A focus on transdisciplinary action research to co-produce interventions, generate research evidence and inform policy and practice is shown to play an important part in developing new normative processes that act to self-regulate the emerging system. Finally, the provision of reciprocal network benefits provides critical feedback loops that stabilise the emerging adaptive system and promote the network cycle. SHRN is shown to have embedded itself in the system by securing sustainability funding from health and education, a key role in national and regional planning and recruiting every eligible school to the network. It has begun to reorient the system to one of evidence generation (56 research studies co-produced) and opportunities for data-led practice at multiple levels. Further capacity development will be required to capitalise on these. The advantages of a complex systems approach to address barriers to change and the transferability of a T-CAS network approach across settings and cultures are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development planning is an important process in development. Development planning will determine programs/activities that are considered capable of solving community problems/needs. Therefore, the process of preparing regional development planning requires the involvement and input of stakeholders. West Sumatra Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has a tribe with a culture of migrants. Minangkabau migrants are scattered in various regions and abroad with various kinds of professions. This is seen as potential by the West Sumatra Provincial Government. In collaboration with several District/City Governments in West Sumatra Province, Minangkabau migrants have an optimized role. One of them is in development planning. This role is of course very important. Therefore, this qualitative research tries to analyze the role of the migrants from the perspective of Justice Amartya Sen on the aspects of democracy. The important role of nomads in the development planning of West Sumatra Province can be seen from the inclusion of indicators for the number of recommendations of nomads in the West Sumatra Provincial Medium-Term Development Plan 2016-2021. Democracy has many characters. Based on the research results, it is known that the involvement of the nomads in the preparation of regional development planning for West Sumatra Province is a form of Pancasila Democracy. Pancasila democracy is a democracy that emphasizes the achievement of common interests rather than individual interests. So that Amartya Sen's theory in this study proves to be relevant in the efforts of the regional development planning process in West Sumatra Province. However, it requires more specific adjustments to the type of democracy following the conditions of the Minangkabau community, namely Pancasila Democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Regional Topographic Geodatabase (DBTR) was officially defined in 2005 as the multi-scale (1:1,000 – 1:2,000 – 1:5,000 – 1:10,000) cartographic reference for urban and regional planning in Lombardy Region. The DBTR had been previously introduced at national level to take over traditional numerical topographic maps adopted for urban planning, with the aim to provide a base map to be implemented either at regional level (Regional Geoportal) and by local administrations. The DBTR is structured by following some national guidelines that define either the content and the topological structure, that makes simple its implementation in GIS environment. The construction of the entire DBTR has historically gone through different phases, with the consistent support of the regional subsidiary policy. But when the effects of the world economic crisis in 2008 became tangible in the budget of public administrations, the growth of the project faced an important break. In 2017 the administration of Lombardy Region has promoted and financed a new project finalized to the completion of the DBTR. A temporary association of mapping companies won the tender and completed the project by summer 2020, despite of the difficulties related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A team led by Politecnico di Milano was appointed for the quality assessment. The proposed paper would like to present this project and the operational solutions applied for the production of the new subsections of the DBTR, as well as its quality assessment/validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contents, goals and institutional structures have changed continuously in the process of regional planning practices in Turkey. Emerging complex systems affected the aim of regional plans, decision-making mechanisms as well as the legitimacy of the processes and the success in the implementation of these plans. In order to evaluate the complex and changing institutional structures for effective regional planning in Turkey and to better understand the dynamics of institutionalization, the organization mechanisms of the institutions, the conflicts between institutions or the evolution of the collaborations between different authorities should be considered along with the institutions. Changing dynamics are an immanent part of processes involving multiple institutions and the relationships amongst them. To better comprehend these dynamics, a theoretical framework is necessary. In this context, assemblage theory and actor network theory that enable an analysis of multi-component structures and agonism theory that establishes a democratic framework constitute the main axis of the study in examining the institutional dynamics and breaking points and, eventually, in understanding the institutionalization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, based on the notions of co-construction, co-production and arenas in dispute, we are interested in analyzing the interfaces that occur between the organizations of the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE), -particularity those related to the worker cooperatives-, the leaders of the sector and those in charge of state policies oriented to the sector in Argentina, during the first months of the national government assumed in 2019 and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach adopted is that of methodological triangulation, focused on primary information sources (self-administered questionnaires with closed questions) and secondary (bibliography and official reports). We consider the state as an arena in which part of the contradictions are deployed, reproduced and condensed through disputes that social groups engage in over specific resources. From this perspective, we identify three arenas in which the goverment agenda is disputed and determine the coconstruction and mono-construction of productive policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public participation (PP) has become a major feature of land-use planning, sanctioned by national and international laws as a platform for state, civil societies and citizens' engagement. However, there is a dearth of information regarding ethnic minorities and marginalised groups about their interests and limitations in participatory planning. This article examines the level of citizens' involvement and the constraints to participation in land-use planning. It analyses whether these constraints hinder some society groups more than their counterparts. These were examined using sampled participants in Nigeria. To test for the conceptual variance, factor analysis was used, while the likelihood of being hindered as against respondents' socio- demographic characteristics was examined, using logistics regression. Findings show a low level of PP and yield a four-factor solution explaining 66.42% of the variance in PP. More hindrances to PP were perceived by ethnic minorities, the aged, females, tenants and rural dwellers compared to their counterparts. This gap between these community groups in PP was due to individual, community, and institutional factors. The article concludes that the structure of the Nigerian society still favours specific socio-demographic groups, even though the democratic transition and the subsequent constitutional amendments give all residents equal rights to political participation. There is the need for public policies, community and private investment to remove these constraints and make the PP programme truly public and attractive to all. The government and town-planning agencies may use the results in this article to help enhance their understanding of the hindrances to PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various institutional and cultural settings have shaped spatial planning systems with comparable features; however, such systems have been adapted to specific cultural, normative and spatial conditions. In line with the growing demand for international knowledge exchange in urban and regional planning, planning cultures have recently come into sharper focus. Moreover, it has become widely acknowledged that many cities in Europe and the USA have to deal with challenges posed by long-term demographic and economic changes. This also holds true for Japan. The objective of the research presented here is to comparatively investigate changes in planning cultures in view of shrinking cities in the USA, Germany and Japan. The findings will allow us to detect interdependencies between changes in planning cultures and societal changes in the wake of shrinkage, and finally to derive hypotheses for both the future-oriented development of shrinking cities, and the development of planning cultures based on the comparison of cultural settings. In this respect the paper concludes with the hypothesis that there might be planning cultures that are not framed by geographic entities (nations, regions, cities), but rather by topics along shrinking cities. This could offer insight into a new research sphere of 'topical planning cultures'. While lasting effects and successes of policies and strategies applied in shrinking cities remain to be seen, their influence on a broader knowledge exchange, contextualisation and innovation in the sphere of planning cultures is evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Both concepts of connectivity and multifunctionality are considered in GI optimization. • Four important ecosystem services are spatially quantified and mapped. • Prioritized spaces for GI optimization are identified. • The proposed approach can be used for regional GI plan globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Eco-cultural tourism system was analyzed in a ternary perspective. • The obstacle index is more convenient to compare with different periods. • The study period was set before and after the implementation of the Yangtze River Delta regional planning. • Sustainable development requires adequate attention to ecology and culture. This study aimed to reveal the interactions and coordination between culture, ecology, and tourism. Using the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Anhui (JZSA 1 1 JZSA: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Anhui region is located in eastern China downstream of the Yangtze River.) region of China as the study area, we constructed an eco-cultural tourism system evaluation index system, calculated the coupling and coordination degree (CCD 2 2 CCD: Coupling and coordination degree.) of the eco-cultural tourism system using the coupled coordination model, and identified the influencing factors using the obstacle degree model. The findings show that the CCD of the JZSA region continuously improved from 2009 to 2019 and reached an intermediate coordination level in 2019. However, there was still an obvious regional divergence effect. Culture and ecology are significant obstacles to the CCD of eco-cultural tourism systems. From the perspective of the development and evolution of influencing factors, ecological and tourism factors have increasingly negative effects. Therefore, ecological and tourism development should be considered in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes to management of a fisheries resource are often required to ensure ongoing sustainability. However, such changes can sometimes lead to unintended effects such as increased release rates and associated post-release mortality. These effects may be highly variable between species and areas. Recreational fishing management changes were introduced on the west coast of Australia in 2009/10 to recover stocks of demersal scalefish. Key changes included reducing mixed species bag limits across management zones and increasing the minimum size limit for one species in some management zones. The restrictive catch limits resulted in increased release rates of key demersal species. However, whether such increases are significant and sustained over time, and thus of management concern, have not been evaluated. We carried out intervention time series analysis to evaluate the impact of management changes on release rates of four key demersal species for the recreational sector in metropolitan and regional management zones covering ∼8° latitude using an 18-year time series of charter recreational fishery data from July 2002 to January 2020. We observed varying responses in release rates by species and zones, the most common of which were a step increase, a ramp and a temporary increase that decayed. These responses may be related to targeted management changes which influenced fisher behaviour, perceived recreational value of some species and recruitment variation. Our study demonstrates that intervention analysis, which has seen limited use in this context, can assist in evaluating the impact of management changes on different species for recreational fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A carbon emission prediction model with high accuracy and precision was established. • The proposed prediction model can reflect spatial distribution of carbon emissions. • The resolution of the model is proved to be suitable for prefecture-level region. • A case study of Xi'an, China, demonstrates the advantages of the model. • Provides strategies for carbon reduction planning and energy management in Xi'an. Climate change has become a global concern, and the prediction of carbon emissions is key to achieving carbon-reduction goals. The existing framework cannot accurately reflect the spatial distribution of carbon emissions, making it difficult to guide urban planning and management. Therefore, in this study, a carbon emission spatial simulation and prediction model was established. The model includes the GIS-Kernel Density sub-model for subdividing built-up area, the Land Use-Carbon Emission sub-model for establishing the correlation between land use and carbon emissions, the Multi Objective Programming-Principal Component Analysis-BP neural network sub-model for presetting development scenarios, and the Patch-generating Land-use Simulation sub-model for predicting. Xi'an was chosen as the study site, and two extreme scenarios were determined. A total of 373,318 development paths were segmented from the interval, and the optimal path was selected. All scenarios were simulated, and the carbon emissions and their spatial distribution were calculated. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the simulation exceeded 90%. Under the optimal path, Xi'an's carbon emissions reach 60.6 million tons at peak time, which will be reduced to 47.38 million tons by 2060. In addition, the model analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of carbon sources and sinks and drew up the path of carbon reduction by technology and urban planning. This model can provide a reference for regional carbon-reduction planning and carbon reduction technology implantation. It can propose strategies from the perspective of planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of extreme hydrological events are necessary for planning and designing hydrological structures. In this study, we examine and project two hydrological extremes of drought and wet conditions over the north and eastern regions of the country. A statistical procedure of the Reconnaissance Drought Index at the annual time scale was used to combine the monthly rainfall and temperature data for the assessment of extreme drought and wet events. These hydrological extreme events were combined with Index-Drought Procedure using L-moments to obtain study results. Homogenous regions were satisfied for both the extremes based on statistical measures. Two statistical tools were used to select suitable probability distributions in the form of Generalized Pareto and Pearson Type-III distributions to discuss drought risk and wet conditions in the regions. Secondly, regional projections of drought risk and wet conditions were performed based on regional quantiles at different interarrival periods which show greater chances of the wet condition in region one while drought risk in region two. Lastly, at-site projections were carried out for all the included sites for both extremes at various interarrival periods using the suitable probability distributions. Both at-site and regional projections show greater similarity at lower while uncertainty at higher interarrival periods. As droughts and wets cover, a large area, therefore, regional results are more functional and better for regional planning and development programs. These statistical projections will help planners of water resources management and hydrological extremes in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development and changes of the times, many cities have to face the problem of renewal. However, in the context of globalization, urban renewal also makes urban cultural characteristics and regional characteristics inevitably missing. Therefore, we should pay attention to the protection and planning of regional historical and cultural heritages in the process of urban renewal, which plays an important role in the construction of urban characteristics and the shaping of city card. Xigu area of Tianjin also faces the problems of cultural loss and need for reconstruction, its function, layout, industrial structure and land use are adjusted and optimized in this article, with a view to showing the value of historical and cultural heritage and context of regional history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how governmental power in the emerging Danish welfare system operated through transformations to the urban geography. The focus is on two concrete cases, namely two regional plans for the Greater Aarhus Area published in 1954 and 1966. By functionally dividing the city into spaces for work, housing, consumption, transportation and recreation, these plans aimed to knit certain behavioural patterns into the everyday life of the urban dwellers and thereby promote the becoming of a particular social order and subjects. This demonstrates how the emerging welfare state worked proactively in these decades, reconfiguring urban space in the nexus between welfare, modernism and affluence. Moreover, the article addresses the outcome of the plans, seeking to explain their unsuccessful trajectory by approaching them at the intersection of the local, national and transnational. In order to approach the complex relationship between welfare and urban space, the article proposes 'welfare geography' as the primary analytical category. Bridging perspectives from governmentality-studies and critical human geography, this category is designed to study how welfare as a 'dispositif' is geographically assembled from multiple perspectives, comprising planned, imagined, material as well as lived dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The Stockholm‐Gotland Regional Cancer Plan was launched in 2012 to improve cancer care. A personal contact nurse (CN), an individual written care plan (IWCP) and a standardized care pathway (SCP) were introduced. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether these efforts have resulted in an improved experience for patients treated for colorectal cancer. Method: Patients treated with bowel resection for colorectal cancer in the Stockholm‐Gotland region between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 were identified through the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Six to eight months postoperatively, the patients received a patient‐reported experience questionnaire. Patients were classified as 'satisfied' or 'not satisfied'. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 4465 patients, and 3154 (70.64%) responded. The proportion of patients assigned a CN increased over time (79.84%–88.44%) and so did the proportion of patients receiving an IWCP (39.36%–70.00%). The waiting times were significantly shortened during the study period. In multivariable analysis, access to a CN and an IWCP was independently associated with increased patient satisfaction (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.28–4.02 and OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.38–1.94). Patients with a long waiting time were significantly less satisfied than patients with a short waiting time (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60–0.88). Conclusion: Implementation of a CN, IWCP and SCP has been successful, measured by a higher proportion of patients gaining access to these assets and shortened waiting times. This has led to an improved patient experience in patients treated for colorectal cancer in the Stockholm‐Gotland region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of urbanization and urban land use conversion inevitably disturbs the structure and function of ecosystems and their capacity to provide ecosystem services. Integrating ecosystem services into effective policies and planning at the regional scale to achieve sustainable urban development is still a challenge. The goal of this research is to optimize spatial patterns of urban development by assessing and comparing multiple trade-off scenarios between ecological processes and urban expansion, incorporating planning and design into spatially explicit methods, and integrating ecosystem services into decision-making procedures. We develop a conceptual framework for regional urban-ecological sustainability with six steps: pattern recognition, landscape process, problem diagnosis, integrated ecological network, urbanization simulation, and decision-support. We apply this framework to a case in which planning and design have followed the rational-comprehensive approach. Results demonstrate that landscape multi-functionality and regional ecological networks are significantly improved using our integrated approach to planning and design, because it provides vital information for regional planning to cope with the urgent need for ecological protection and urban development. By comparing urban growth under three scenarios, we found that the trade-off scenario based on ecological conservation and restoration (medium security level) resolved conflict more effectively, which restricted urban expansion on land of high ecological importance by constructing regional ecological networks. In addition, using field survey and species distribution model approaches, we design plant community types with complementary tree, shrub, and herb species as part of the decision-making procedure, which can restore zonal vegetation and the hydrological cycle in rugged mountain regions. The research concludes that regional urban-ecological sustainability based on scientific assessment, planning, and design provides a rational basis for sustainable urban development and landscape management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, we have witnessed a move towards a further protection of central urban cores through introduction of retail planning in Denmark. Recent changes in legislation have significantly changed these principles through a planning reform as proposed by the liberal government and adopted by Danish parliament in 2017. The change in legislation fits with a longer trend of liberalization of spatial planning in Denmark since the mid-2000s. 4th of June 2019 it was announced that the building of a high- rise tower and accompanying shopping district was put on hold by the developer. A project proposed for outside the town of Brande, which due to its radical appearance had caused a stir in architectural- and urban planning communities. Before the 2017 planning reform, such a project would be impossible due to the retail planning sections in the Danish planning act. This purpose of this article is to unfold the project in Brande, the change in legislation, which made it possible, and the precedence it sets for Danish urban planning. The change in planning legislation and practice is contextualized with a historical background for Danish urban planning, and the change in planning principles is set in an international- and theoretical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper explores the unresolved issue in regional planning of whether small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) benefit from being located in border regions in terms of cross-border cooperation opportunities and cross-border externalities. By systematically reviewing the existing literature on the topic with the help of a mapping review, it suggests the following answer: SMEs in border regions do benefit from cross-border cooperation opportunities. However, there is no strong empirical support of a prevalence of positive cross-border externalities. Rather, the review finds that SMEs in border regions are influenced by negative cross-border externalities. Since the results do not point in a clear-cut direction, given their high degree of context-specificity, we claim that further studies on the topic are necessary to combine the established knowledge on SME-based entrepreneurship with planning theories and concepts taken from the literature on borders, border asymmetries and border regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of the fourth Urbanism and Urban Planners Seminar held at Belo Horizonte in Brazil from September 4-7, 2019. Topics covered include the historical production of knowledge about urbanism and urban and regional planning, the distinction between urbanism and urban and regional planning in Brazil, and the transnational diffusion of ideas and the theories and methodologies mobilized by professionals and institutions in the field.

Problem, research strategy, and findings: In this study we analyze plan integration for flood resilience in the city of Nijmegen, the site of the largest Room for the River project in The Netherlands. Little is known about the degree to which local and regional plans are coordinated with the national Room for the River program or about the cumulative influence of plans on flood vulnerability. To effectively investigate these issues, we use and build upon the Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard (PIRS) concept and method, which analyzes the consistency and effects of networks of plans on community vulnerability. We expand the scope to include plans from multiple administrative scales and the focus to include environmental vulnerability. Using a three-phase evaluation process, we demonstrate that Room for the River policies are well integrated in Nijmegen's network of plans, particularly with respect to flood safety and natural protection. However, we also find that policies at different administrative scales lack consistency in some places, some socially vulnerable neighborhoods receive comparatively little policy attention, and local plans often prioritize development over flood resilience, though higher tier plans sometimes make up for these policy gaps. Flood resilience is still finding its way in the Dutch planning system. Takeaway for practice: The PIRS offers planning practitioners a method to assess how networks of plans influence community vulnerability and, as demonstrated in this analysis, to determine the degree to which plans at multiple administrative scales target the most physically, socially, and environmentally vulnerable geographic areas. It can be used to support the ambitious goals of a program like Room for the River and align them with local development priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to estimate levels of return of extreme daily precipitation events, associating them with natural disasters in Northeast Brazil (NEB), a region characterized by different climatic conditions and low rates of social and economic development. For this, generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) models were adjusted to the daily extreme precipitation data estimated by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 product of the multisatellite precipitation analysis for a period of 16 years (2000–2015). In addition, the estimates of the GPD model were compared using two data sources, TRMM and pluviometer. The investigation showed that the results of the GPD model estimated by means of the extreme data from the rain gauge and the TRMM were statistically the same, with 95% confidence. Thus, using the data referring to the 2,082 grid points of the TRMM, it was possible to map the spatial distribution of the estimates of the levels of return of extreme precipitation to the return periods of 2, 5 and 10 years, per seasonal period. In general, the results indicated that the intensity of expected extreme precipitation depends on the seasonal period and the place of occurrence of precipitation. The eastern NEB stood out as the region where the highest intensities of extreme precipitation are expected. Extreme precipitation values of up to 178 mm are expected in 2 years. The areas where natural disasters occurred in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 are similar to those in which the highest rainfall intensities are expected. The results of this study can allow the evaluation of the spatial distribution of risks related to extreme precipitation events, and therefore, support the planning of regional public policies and environmental management for the prevention of natural disasters in NEB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is a semi-closed basin that supports high marine biodiversity, and is also an important economic area where the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the United States, Mexico and Cuba converge. Twenty-one species of cetaceans are commonly sighted in the GOM, and although the population traits of most species are well known in the U.S. EEZ, the development of regional management plans complicated because of the apparent lack of ecological data in the Mexican EEZ, which comprises about 50% of the entire GOM. The state of knowledge of cetaceans in Mexican waters was reviewed to identify current research trends and gaps. The results clearly show that the Mexican research effort is focused on a few coastal popu- lations of a single species, the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus), while the offshore cetacean populations are ignored; therefore, there are insuf- ficient data to assess diversity, distribution, and abundance. Moreover, due to the high mobility of cetaceans and the transboundary nature of their ranges, the scientific community is currently not prepared to detect population trends in cetacean populations of the GOM. To accomplish this, two priorities were identified: (1) to expand and refo- cus the Mexican research capabilities, and (2) to implement binational monitoring programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Graduate Program in Regional Development at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC completed 25 years in 2019. Created in 1994, at the master's level, it was originally linked to the CAPES Multidisciplinary Committee, having been the first Program in the area in parents. In 2002 it underwent a restructuring, being linked, from then on, to the Committee of Urban and Regional Planning / Demography. With the obtaining of grade 4, in 2004, it started offering the Doctorate level as from 2005. In 2010 it underwent a second restructuring, culminating in obtaining grade 5 in the 2013 triennial evaluation. In this article we discuss the process of creation and consolidation of PPGDR-UNISC and its contribution to the structuring of the area of knowledge in urban and regional planning-demography in Brazil, an overview of the dissertations and theses defended in this period, and the multidisciplinary profile and the social and professional insertion of its graduates, demonstrating the trajectory and results achieved in that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of polycentrism and functional urban areas (FUAs) in regions with low population density of southern Brazil. It shows that, given the polysemy of the concept of Polycentrism, there are difficulties in visualizing the concept in action in the north of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), given the population reduction in its small centralities and the current productive restructuring of this urban network. The functional regions, in a normative character, however, are strengthened in the polar regional of Passo Fundo and Erechim / RS, like nodes of this urban network and polar of centripetal flows, outlined here on the commuting by work and study. It is urgent to understand the overcoming of public policies that are restricted to municipal political-administrative boundaries, in order to advance studies around dynamic boundaries, increasingly regional planning and more cooperative objectives. Given the situation of declining population, polycentric networks and municipal associations are proving to be good possibilities, as innovative and challenging sources of new governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

City regions are significant sites of economic development, policymaking, and everyday living. Yet in many countries they are weakly institutionalized and therefore lack established democratic practices. This article is based on a study exploring citizen participation in city‐regional planning in Finland, where traditional participatory means have largely failed to invite and involve citizens. The analysis approaches city regions relationally, as evolving processes with a changing spatial shape and scope. Through the notion of lived citizenship, including the dimensions of status, practices and acts, the article reveals how the dominant ideas of citizenship in city‐regional planning hide from view elements that are significant for citizen participation. Whereas people's rights to participation can largely be fulfilled on a territorial basis in municipalities and states through legal membership in political communities, in the context of weakly institutionalized city‐regional planning such status‐based forms of participation are typically not available. This vagueness has created an image of a missing city‐regional citizenry, which the article sets out to challenge and rework through the notion of issue‐based participation as lived citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to present a methodological proposal for flood analysis, incorporating associated hazards, to adapt the flood assessment to the particularities of the geographical area of the Spanish Mediterranean coast as a risk region. The aim is to give a territorial approach to the analysis of flooding, following the new requirements introduced by the legislation on natural hazards and floods, directing it directly to territorial management and planning for local and regional scales, and seeking an estimate most reliable of his study in Mediterranean regions. Spanish regulations currently establish the hydrological-hydraulic study as a document that evaluates the risk of flooding in an area. The methodology proposes to incorporate into this study an analysis of the potential generation of contributions to the flow by soil erosion in the basin, as well as by mass movements, thus including both quantitative and qualitative information on the contribution of solid particles to the flood flow. The results, after its application in a pilot basin on the Malaga coast, show a better estimation of the flood plate than the methodological proposal with respect to the conventional methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]