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Background: The study aims to determine the factors associated with restriction during menstruation among adolescent girls. To find out the source of knowledge and information regarding menstruation and emotional reaction at the time of menarche. Methods: A Cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Schools of Chinnalapatti, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu in southern India. A sample size of 116 adolescent girls aged 9–18 years. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographics, socio-category, education, family income, age at menarche, emotion response at menarche, social restriction, source of knowledge, and information. Results: The mean age year of menarche was 11.72 ± 1.27 years. Most adolescent girls (52.59%) informed their mothers first menarche. Furthermore, significant participants responded that mothers and relatives were the common sources of knowledge and information regarding menstruation. Participants were not allowed to go in religious activities (99.14%), not allowed to go near plants (99%), forced to be separated from others (35.34%). Parent qualification had a significant influence on restriction during menstruation. Conclusion: A significant percentage of girls have to face many kinds of restrictions during menstruation. Socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with the types of restrictions during menstruation. The study suggests that elementary knowledge and awareness about menstruation must be dispersed by the schools/NGOs where teachers, students (male and female), and their parents should participate for better awareness, leading to overcoming the efficiency.

The wild ecorace of Antheraea mylitta “Modal” is bestowed with superior cocoon traits, but it is difficult to rear. The best option is to conserve the ecorace in its natural habitat. To save the population and for its sustainable utilization, conservation works are undertaken every year where wild cocoons are collected, eggs are produced and subsequently released on Sal trees in forest for natural proliferation. There are eight such camps in the peripheral zones of Similipal with varied geographical conditions. To understand the grainage behaviour of Modal silk moths, a study was undertaken in three different locations. The wild Modal cocoons were collected in August and around 20000 cocoons were kept in the pagoda at locations viz. Sarat, Kendujuani and Astabeda of Mayurbhanj district, Odisha. Wide ranges of variation were recorded for cocoon traits with respect to places for almost all traits except shell ratio of male (P < 0.01 to 0.001). In case of males, cocoon volume showed significant difference for places. The pupal weight was highest at Kendujuani than Sarat and Astabeda. The cocoon weight and filament length were lowest at Astabeda, whereas at par for Kendujuani and Sarat. But peduncle length was low at Kendujuani where as at par for Sarat and Astabeda. In case of females, cocoon weight and pupal weight values were significantly high at Kendujuani followed by Sarat and low at Astabeda. Shell weight and cocoon volume were significantly high for Kendujuani whereas Sarat and Astabeda were at par. But cocoon breadth and penduncle length were lowest at Astabeda where as Kendujuani and Sarat were at par. The grainage parameters were recorded from 15th August to 25th October. In Kendujuani, Sarat and Astabeda total of 7707,7206 and 7442 female moths were emerged during the entire span respectively. Since, these moths do not mate with the males of the same camp, they are taken to the forest during night for mating with external males. The total number of couplings in these three places were 4385 (56.9%), 3928 (54.5%) and 3219 (43.2%) respectively. From this it is evident that at Astabeda area of Similipal, availability of wild males in the forest is significantly less in comparison to other two areas. The pattern of emergence at one week interval also varied, early mass emergence followed by one more peak in October was recorded in Astabeda. But in other two places, almost uniform emergence with one peak in October was recorded. Thus, more attention is warranted for the proliferation of Modal populations in the Eastern part of Similipal.

The genus Geobacillus is one of the most important genera which mainly comprises gram-positive thermophilic bacterial strains including obligate aerobes, denitrifiers and facultative anaerobes having capability of endospore formation as well. The genus Geobacillus is widely distributed in nature and mostly abundant in extreme locations such as cool soils, hot springs, hydrothermal vents, marine trenches, hay composts and dairy plants. Due to plasticity towards environmental adaptation, the Geobacillus sp. shows remarkable genome diversification and acquired many beneficial properties, which facilitates their exploitation for many biotechnological applications. Many thermophiles are of biotechnological importance and having considerable interest in commercial applications for the production of industrially important products. Recently, due to catabolic versatility especially in the degradation of hemicellulose and starch containing agricultural waste and rapid growth rates, these microorganisms show potential for the production of biofuels, thermostable enzymes and bioremediation. This review mainly summarizes the status of Geobacillus sp. including its notable properties, biotechnological studies and its potential application in the production of industrially important products.

Ba4Fe4ClO9.5−x compounds are built of a Ba2Fe4O9.5−x framework with open hexagonal channels. (Ba–Cl–Ba) trimers located in the channels and the framework O atoms cause incommensurability, which is tuned under different annealing conditions.

The possibility of control over crystal facet orientation and microstructure via electrodeposition parametric variation towards enhancement of applicability of nanocomposites.

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty is a procedure that can improve quality of life, and it is performed in increasing numbers every year because of the increase in the elderly population due to improved medical technology. However, the problem is that patients avoid this operation because of postoperative pain, which affects patient satisfaction and delays recovery and rehabilitation. There are many modalities to improve operative pain control, such as femoral nerve blocks, epidural anaesthesia, and periarticular injections. These modalities have been shown to reduce post-operative pain and increase patient satisfaction. Periarticular injection was reported to have good efficacy in controlling pain, cost-effectiveness, a few side effects, and ease of use. This method can be used by every surgeon without further training, unlike techniques like epidural anaesthesia or femoral nerve blocks, which require experience and further training. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics at SCB Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha. All the IPD patients who got admitted to the Dept. of Orthopaedics were taken as the study subject total of 30 cases were selected during study period out of which 15 were cases and 15 controls. Observation and Discussion: In Group A, R/L TKA was done in 3/12 patients and in Group B, R/L TKA was done in 8/7. All the Group A patients experienced less pain than the baseline parameters(p

Introduction: This paper introduces novel and reliable approach for speech impaired people to assist them to communicate effectively in real time. A deep learning technique named as convolution neural network is used as its classifier. With the help of this algorithm, words are recognized from an input which is a visual speech, disregards with its audible or acoustic property. Methods: This network extracts the features from mouth stances and different images respectively. With the help of a source, non-audible mouth stances are taken as an input and then segregated as subsets to get desired output. The Complete Datum is then arranged to recognize the word as an affricate. Results: Convolution neural network is one of the most effective algorithms that extracts features, performs classification and provides the desired output from the input images for speech recognition system. Conclusion: Recognizing the syllables at real time from visual mouth stances input is the main objective of the proposed method. When tested, datum accuracy and quantity of training sets is giving satisfactory output. A small set of datum is taken as first step of learning. In future, large set of datum can be considered for analyzing the data. Discussion: On the basis of type of Datum, network proposed in this paper is tested to obtain its precision level. A network is maintained to identify the syllables but it fails when syllables are of same set. Requirement of Higher end graphics pro-cessing units is there to bring down the time consumption and increases the efficiency of network.

A novel fluorescent Mg2+ probe was developed based on a small molecule–protein hybrid. This probe enables subcellular targeting, long-term imaging, and high selectivity for Mg2+ over Ca2+.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge in low and middle-income countries including India. However, if detected early, it is preventable and curable. Objective: The present study aimed to ascertain the sociodemographic and clinical profile of cervical cancer patients visiting a tertiary cancer center. Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out at the Delhi State Cancer Institute, New Delhi. The study population included 136 women who were diagnosed with cervical cancer. A pretested data extraction sheet was used as the study tool for collecting information from the inpatient records. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were performed and the level of significance was set at p

Background: Thyroid disorders have an important bearing on the cardiovascular (CV) system leading to hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart rhythm disorders, obesity etc. Data regarding the influence of subclinical hypothyroidism and CV disease and outcomes have been conflicting. Since subclinical hypothyroidism is seen often in clinical syndromes of coronary artery disease, we undertook this study to evaluate the overall prevalence and demography of patients admitted with the diagnosis of ACS in a North Indian population. Methods: We studied consecutive 171 hospitalized patients between March 2018 to February 2020 with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to determine the features of thyroid dysfunction both clinical and sub-clinical and the associated biochemical parameters. All patients underwent complete medical history of cardiac risk factors for developing CAD. Thyroid function Tests - free T3, free T4 and TSH were collected from all the patients within 24 hours of admission to CCU. Results: Forty (23%) of these patients had thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the commonest abnormality seen in 26 (23%), followed by overt hypothyroidism 12 (9%). Hyperthyroidism was uncommon (1.5%). Euthyroid sick syndrome was seen in 4% and these patients were excluded. There was a predilection for the elderly population (females 52%). STEMI (52%) followed by NSTEMI (25%) was the commonest diagnosis at presentation. A significant correlation was seen with serum lipid levels (decreased HDL C, Increased total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL C) and hypothyroidism. However, there was no correlation ship with LDL C. Reduced e glomerular filtration rate (e GFR) which was seen in 50% of patients had a linear relationship with hypothyroidism. Patients with hypothyroidism had no differences in the prevalence of concomitant diabetes and hypertension. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the group of patients had a trend to be lower. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism seems to be an important risk factor in patients with ACS, especially STEMI. The impairment of renal function was also prominent in these patients. These patients also suffered from impaired renal function.

Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like endonucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-associated Cas9 endonucleases are three major generations of genome editing tools. However, no parallel comparison about the efficiencies and off-target activity of the three nucleases has been reported, which is critical for the final clinical decision. We for the first time developed the genome-wide unbiased identification of double-stranded breaks enabled by sequencing (GUIDE-seq) method in ZFNs and TALENs with novel bioinformatics algorithms to evaluate the off-targets. By targeting human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16), we compared the performance of ZFNs, TALENs, and SpCas9 in vivo. Our data showed that ZFNs with similar targets could generate distinct massive off-targets (287–1,856), and the specificity could be reversely correlated with the counts of middle “G” in zinc finger proteins (ZFPs). We also compared the TALENs with different N-terminal domains (wild-type [WT]/αN/βN) and G recognition modules (NN/NH) and found the design (αN or NN) to improve the efficiency of TALEN inevitably increased off-targets. Finally, our results showed that SpCas9 was more efficient and specific than ZFNs and TALENs. Specifically, SpCas9 had fewer off-target counts in URR (SpCas9, n = 0; TALEN, n = 1; ZFN, n = 287), E6 (SpCas9, n = 0; TALEN, n = 7), and E7 (SpCas9, n = 4; TALEN, n = 36). Taken together, we suggest that for HPV gene therapies, SpCas9 is a more efficient and safer genome editing tool. Our off-target data could be used to improve the design of ZFNs and TALENs, and the universal in vivo off-target detection pipeline for three generations of artificial nucleases provided useful tools for genome engineering-based gene therapy., Graphical abstract, We compared the efficiency and specificity of ZFNs, TALENs, and SpCas9 by GUIDE-seq. SpCas9 outperformed ZFNs and TALENs with higher efficiency and specificity. We provided a universal pipeline to evaluate three generations of programmed nucleases to aid clinical decisions. Our data could help improve the designs of ZFNs and TALENs.

Abstract: Quercetin, a natural antioxidant, exhibits potential neuroprotective effects by efficiently downregulating α-synuclein protein aggregation and associated neurological hallmarks, responsible for the progression of Parkinson’s Disease.

Over the past years, a digital multimedia uprising has been experienced in every walk of life, due to which the un-annotated or unstructured multimedia content has always been a key issue for research. The multimedia content is usually created with some intended emotions, which the creator wants to induce in viewers. The affectiveness of the multimedia content can be measured by analyzing elicited emotions of its viewers. In this paper, we present a rigorous study of human cognition using EEG signals while watching a video, to analyze the affectiveness of video content. The analysis presented in this paper is done to establish an effective relationship between video content and the human emotional state. For this, the most effective scalp location and frequency ranges are identified for two categories of videos, i.e., excited and sad. Furthermore, a common affective response (CAR) is extracted for finding the distinguishable features for aforementioned categories of videos. The CAR is calculated and tested on the publicly available dataset “AMIGOS,” and the results presented here show the utility of cognitive features on extracted scalp locations and frequency ranges for automatic tagging of video content. The current research explores the innovative applicability of neuro-signals for a mouse-free video tagging based on human excitement level to augment a range of brain–computer interface (BCI)-based devices. It can further aid to automatically retrieve the video content which is exciting and interesting to human viewers. With this analysis, we aimed to provide a thorough analysis which can be used to customize a low-cost and mobile EEG system for automatic analysis and retrieval of videos.

The paper empirically examines the pattern and impact of development spending (DS) on human development index (HDI) and gross state domestic product (GSDP) in the low-income states (LIS), for the period of 1993–94 to 2014–15 for seven LIS states. Further analysing the sectoral impact of DS, panel unit root test and co-integration test were performed to analyse stationarity and panel long-run association among DS, GSDP and HDI. The paper finds that the share of DS in recent years for LIS is higher than the major states (MS), implying emphasis on social sector development. It also highlights the lagging behind a few LIS such as Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Rajasthan. The paper sheds light on the long-run co-integrating relationship among DS, HDI and GSDP. It finds that the DS has a significant and positive influence on GSDP but not on HDI in the long run. Sector-specific analysis suggests a long-run equilibrium relationship between DS and all three sectors of economy. Though the coefficient of DS did not emerge to be significant for the HDI indicator, sector-specific analysis suggests that increased health spending is associated with better health outcomes. Prioritising on education, health and skill development, and other DS will help in economic advancement. Proper implementation of schemes may bring change in HDI outcomes.