642 results on '"Pezzella, F"'
Search Results
252. [Autofluorescent cells in the sacculus rotundus in the rabbit]
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Aita, M, Pezzella, F, Minella, AB, and Amantea, A
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sense organs - Abstract
Many autofluorescent cells, rich in yellow pigment are described in the rabbit's sacculus rotundus. This pigment stained positively with Sudan black, PAS and Masson-Hamperl techniques. The cells correspond to those described in rat and in mice lymphatic organs. The possible origin of the pigment is discussed.
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- 1978
253. Predictive and Prognostic Markers in a Series of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Invasive Carcinoma Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy
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Gasparini, G., Bevilacqua, P., Bonoldi, E., Testolin, A., Galassi, A., Verderio, P., patrizia boracchi, Guglielmi, R. B., and Pezzella, F.
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It has been proposed that diverse anticancer drugs and radiation therapy may induce a mode of cell death with the characteristics of apoptosis. Since apoptosis is under the control of several oncogenes, we analyzed the expression of the protein encoded by the proto-oncogenes bcl-2 and p53. Furthermore, we studied cell proliferation [using PC-10 mAb to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)] and vascularization [using the CD-31 mAb and by counting intratumoral microvessel density (IMD)] using immunocytochemistry. A series of 73 patients with clinical stage II-IV squamous cell invasive carcinoma of the head and neck (HandN) were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (cisplatin, 80 mg/m2, versus carboplatin, 375 mg/m2, three times every 3 weeks and a total dose of radiation therapy of 64 Gy in 6-8 weeks). We correlated the expression of these markers, determined prior to treatment, with response to the therapy and prognosis. Bcl-2 protein was expressed in 37.4% of the carcinomas (25/67 evaluable), and it was not significantly associated with any other feature studied. Forty (56. 4%) of the 71 carcinomas evaluable for p53 were p53 positive; the median IMD was 38 microvessels/field at the hot spot (range, 18-80), and the median percentage of nuclei labeled by the PC-10 mAb was 50% (range, 0-95%). In the univariate analysis, regional lymph node negativity (P = 0.016), good performance status (PS) (PS >/= 90; P = 0.044), bcl-2 positivity (P = 0.070), and low vascularization (P = 0. 085) were significantly associated with a higher probability of complete remission. In the multivariate analysis (final model), only IMD (continuous variable; P = 0.045) and PS (P = 0.017) retained significance. As far as prognosis is concerned, in the univariate analysis, patients with tumors with low histological grading (grades 1-2; P = 0.006), p53 negative (P = 0.09), bcl-2 positive (P = 0.08), and high PCNA labeling (P = 0.06) had a significantly better disease-free survival. In the multivariate analysis, only grading (P = 0.003) and p53 (P = 0.04) retained significance for disease-free survival. For overall survival, in the univariate analysis, the following markers were significantly prognostic when only deaths due to progression are considered: response to therapy (P = 0.00001), PS (P = 0.04), nodal status (P = 0.028), PCNA (P = 0.04), p53 (P = 0. 08), and grading (P = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, only patients who achieved complete response (P = 0.00002), high PCNA values (P = 0.002), and low histological grading (P = 0.01) retained a statistically significant probability of better overall survival. Our results suggest that in this series of HandN cancer patients the markers capable of predicting response to therapy are distinct from those associated with prognosis, once the remission has been achieved. This information is potentially useful to the clinician for developing a more rational therapeutic approach for HandN cancer patients eligible for concurrent chemoradiation therapy.
254. Tubafrost: Ruropean virtual tumor tissue banking
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Veen, E. -B, Therasse, P., Lejeune, S., Passioukov, A., Isabelle, M., Teodorovic, I., Annunziata Gloghini, Carbone, A., Llombart-Boschi, A., Lopez-Guerrero, J. A., Pammer, J., Kerjaschki, D., Alonso, S., Morente, M. M., Boven, H., Vijver, M., Damme, B., Pezzella, F., Kerr, D., Mager, R., Knox, K., Ratcliffe, C., Spatz, A., Lam, K. H., Oosterhuis, J. W., Dinjens, W. N. M., Oomen, M. H. A., and Riegman, P. H.
255. Coexpression of hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α, carbonic anhydrase IX, and vascular endothelial growth factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and relationship to survival
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Hui, E. P., Chan, A. T. C., Pezzella, F., Turley, H., To, K. -F, Poon, T. C. W., Zee, B., Mo, F., Teo, P. M. L., Huang, D. P., Gatter, K. C., Johnson, P. J., and Adrian Harris
256. OECI TuBaFrost tumor biobanking
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Riegman, P. H. J., Llombart Bosch, A., Dinjens, W. N. M., Oomen, M. H. A., Spatz, A., Ratcliffe, C., Knox, K., Mager, R., Kerr, D., Pezzella, F., Damme, B., Vijver, M., Boven, H., Morente, M. M., Alonso, S., Kerjaschki, D., Pammer, J., Lopez-Guerrero, J. A., Antonino Carbone, Gloghini, A., Teodorovic, I., Isabelle, M., Jaminé, D., Passioukov, A., Lejeune, S., Therasse, P., Veen, E. B., Lam, K. H., and Oosterhuis, J. W.
257. Loss of FHIT function in lung cancer and preinvasive bronchial lesions
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Sozzi, G., Pastorino, U., Moiraghi, L., Elda Tagliabue, Pezzella, F., Ghirelli, C., Tornielli, S., Sard, L., Huebner, K., Pierotti, M. A., Croce, C. M., and Pilotti, S.
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Male ,Lung Neoplasms ,Smoking ,Proteins ,Adenocarcinoma ,Middle Aged ,Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ,Neoplasm Proteins ,ErbB Receptors ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Carcinoma, Large Cell ,Humans ,Female ,Genes, Tumor Suppressor ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,neoplasms ,Precancerous Conditions ,Gene Deletion ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
We previously cloned and characterized the tumor suppressor gene FHIT (fragile histidine triad) at chromosome 3p14.2 and found that this gene is altered by deletions in human tumors, including lung cancer. To assess the frequency and specificity of inactivation and its relevance in a clinical setting, we have produced antibodies against the Fhit protein and studied its expression in a series of non-small cell lung cancers and normal bronchial mucosa and a spectrum of preinvasive lesions by immunohistochemistry. The data indicate that the loss of Fhit protein is the most frequent alteration in non-small cell lung cancer (73%) and precancerous lesions (93%), is significantly higher in the tumors of smokers (75%) than in those of nonsmokers (39%; P < 0.0005), and is an independent and more frequent event than p53 overexpression in tumors and precancerous lesions (73 versus 46%). The percentage of cases lacking Fhit expression was higher in the squamous type compared to adenocarcinoma (87 versus 57%; P < 0.00001), whereas other histotypes (large cell, mucoepidermal) showed an intermediate value (69%). Loss of Fhit expression in a very high percentage of primary lung carcinomas and precancerous lesions supports the notion that FHIT alterations play an important role in the growth control of bronchial cells. FHIT inactivation is particularly important in squamous cell carcinomas that are often associated with precursor dysplastic lesions. The overall high frequency and precocity of Fhit loss in lung carcinogenesis and the development of the presently described immunohistochemical approach suggest a potential use of this gene in the early detection of lung cancer and in chemopreventive studies as an intermediate biomarker.
258. Evidence for novel non-angiogenic pathway in breast-cancer metastasis
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Pezzella, F., Manzotti, M., Di Bacco, A., Viale, G., Nicholson, A. G., Price, R., Ratcliffe, C., Ugo Pastorino, Gatter, K. C., Harris, A. L., Altman, D. G., Pilotti, S., and Veronesi, U.
259. Absence of Fhit protein in primary lung tumors and cell lines with FHIT gene abnormalities
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Sozzi, G., Tornielli, S., Tagliabue, E., Sard, L., Pezzella, F., Ugo Pastorino, Minoletti, F., Pilotti, S., Ratcliffe, C., Veronese, M. L., Goldstraw, P., Huebner, K., Croce, C. M., and Pierotti, M. A.
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respiratory system ,neoplasms ,respiratory tract diseases - Abstract
Genomic alterations and abnormal expression of the FHIT gene at 3p14.2 have been observed in cell lines and primary tumors of the lung. To correlate FHIT locus DNA and RNA lesions with effects on Fhit protein expression, we have analyzed 11 lung cancer cell lines, 15 small cell lung carcinomas, and 38 pairs of non-small cell primary tumors and bronchial mucosa specimens by molecular genetic and immunocytochemical methods. Using specific antibodies against the Fhit protein, we observed concordance between RNA abnormalities and lack of Fhit protein expression in lung tumors and cell lines. In addition, absence of Fhit protein in some precancerous dysplastic lesions suggested that FHIT inactivation may occur at an early phase of lung carcinogenesis.
260. Blood vessel invasion and other variables as predictors of long-term survival in Japanese and British patients with primary invasive breast cancer
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Kato T, Pezzella F, Steers G, Campo L, Russell Leek, Turley H, Kameoka S, Nishikawa T, Al, Harris, Kc, Gatter, and Fox S
261. Relation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2 alpha) expression in tumor-infiltrative macrophages to tumor angiogenesis and the oxidative thymidine phosphorylase pathway in human breast cancer
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Russell Leek, Kl, Talks, Pezzella F, Turley H, Campo L, Ns, Brown, Bicknell R, Taylor M, Kc, Gatter, and Al, Harris
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skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) produce angiogenic factors and in breast cancer are associated with high vascular grade and poor survival. TAMs preferentially migrate to hypoxic areas within tumors and strongly express hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2 alpha. This study examined whether HIF-2 alpha was involved in TAM angiogenic activation by correlating its expression with tumor microvessel density as a marker of angiogenesis, and other tumor variables, in a series of human primary invasive breast carcinomas. A correlation was found between high TAM HIF-2 alpha and high tumor vascularity (P < 0.0001), as well as high tumor grade (P = 0.007). The relation of HIF-2 alpha expression to a recently described oxygen-dependent pathway of angiogenesis was also studied, and an inverse relationship was found between TAM HIF-2 alpha and tumor thymidine phosphorylase expression (P = 0.02). These results suggest that TAM HIF-2 signaling may be a useful target for future antiangiogenic strategies but show that tumors use both oxygen-dependent and oxygen deficiency-regulated pathways for angiogenesis. Thus, combined blockade of pathways and careful assessment of these pathways in trials are necessary.
262. Coexpression of hypoxia-inducible factors 1 alpha and 2 alpha, carbonic anhydrase IX, and vascular endothelial growth factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and relationship to survival
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Hui, Ep, Anthony Tak Cheung Chan, Pezzella, F., Turley, H., To, Kf, Poon, Tcw, Zee, B., Mo, F., Teo, Pml, Huang, Dp, Gatter, Kc, Johnson, Pj, and Harris, Al
263. Virtual microscopy in virtual tumor banking
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Isabelle, M., Teodorovic, I., Oosterhuis, J. W., Riegman, P. H., Passioukov, A., Lejeune, S., Therasse, P., Dinjens, W. N., Lam, K. H., Oomen, M. H., Spatz, A., Ratcliffe, C., Knox, K., Mager, R., Kerr, D., Pezzella, F., Damme, B., Vijver, M., Boven, H., Morente, M. M., Alonso, S., Kerjaschki, D., Pammer, J., López-Guerrero, J. A., Llombart-Bosch, A., Carbone, A., Annunziata Gloghini, Veen, E. B., and Pathology
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Europe ,Microscopy ,Pathology, Clinical ,Databases, Factual ,Neoplasms ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Frozen Sections ,Humans ,Tissue Banks - Abstract
Many systems have already been designed and successfully used for sharing histology images over large distances, without transfer of the original glass slides. Rapid evolution was seen when digital images could be transferred over the Internet. Nowadays, sophisticated virtual microscope systems can be acquired, with the capability to quickly scan large batches of glass slides at high magnification and compress and store the large images on disc, which subsequently can be consulted through the Internet. The images are stored on an image server, which can give simple, easy to transfer pictures to the user specifying a certain magnification on any position in the scan. This offers new opportunities in histology review, overcoming the necessity of the dynamic telepathology systems to have compatible software systems and microscopes and in addition, an adequate connection of sufficient bandwidth. Consulting the images now only requires an Internet connection and a computer with a high quality monitor. A system of complete pathology review supporting biorepositories is described, based on the implementation of this technique in the European Human Frozen Tumor Tissue Bank (TuBaFrost).
264. Expression of HIV in lymph node cells of LAS patients. Immunohistology, in situ hybridization, and identification of target cells
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Baroni, C. D., Pezzella, F., Pezzella, M., BEATRICE MACCHI, Vitolo, D., Uccini, S., and Ruco, L. P.
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Adult ,Male ,HIV Antigens ,HIV ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Virus Replication ,Immunohistochemistry ,AIDS-Related Complex ,DNA, Viral ,Humans ,Female ,Lymph Nodes ,DNA Probes ,Research Article - Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) anti-HIV core and envelope proteins and in situ hybridization, using cDNA HIV probe, were employed to determine which lymph node cells in LAS patients express viral antigens and viral nucleic acids. The results have been correlated with the histologic phases of LAS and with the germinal center lysis detected using DRC-1 MAb directed against follicular dendritic reticulum cells (FDRC). Viral antigens occasionally were detected on high endothelial cells of paracortical venules and frequently on germinal center FDR accessory cells; this last finding correlates well with the extent of FDRC lysis and of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration in germinal centers. HIV replication, detected by in situ hybridization, was observed in mononucleated cells present in T and B areas and, in one case, in flat endothelium.
265. DETECTION OF 14;18 CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION IN PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED LYMPHOMA TISSUE
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Pezzella, F., primary, Gatter, K.C., additional, and Mason, D.Y., additional
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- 1989
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266. 1/N contribution to physical quantities in the lattice O(N) σ-model
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Cristofano, G., primary, Musto, R., additional, Nicodemi, F., additional, Pettorino, R., additional, and Pezzella, F., additional
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- 1985
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267. DETECTING t(14;18) IN PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED LYMPHOMA TISSUE
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Hickish, Tamas, primary, Cunningham, David, additional, Pezzella, F., additional, Gatter, K.C., additional, Bell, J.I., additional, and Mason, D.Y., additional
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- 1989
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268. N-reggeon vertex for the Neveu-Schwarz string
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Clarizia, A., primary and Pezzella, F., additional
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- 1988
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269. g-Loop vertices for free fermions and bosons
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Pezzella, F., primary
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- 1989
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270. BRST invariant mixed string vertex for the bosonic string
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Clarizia, A., primary and Pezzella, F., additional
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- 1988
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271. N-point g-loop vertex for a free bosonic theory with vacuum charge Q
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Di Vecchia, P., primary, Pezzella, F., additional, Frau, M., additional, Hornfeck, K., additional, Lerda, A., additional, and Sciuto, S., additional
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- 1989
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272. On the ( b, c) system contribution to superstring amplitudes
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Pettorino, R. and Pezzella, F.
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- 1991
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273. Malignant plasmacytosis mimicking erythrophagocytosis.
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Pillai, G., Lwin, K., Pezzella, F., and Gatter, K.
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PLASMACYTOMA , *LYMPH node diseases , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Presents the case of a male patient presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. Results of a lymph node biopsy; Interpretation of the case as a plasmacytoma\immunocytoma because of the large number of associated B-cells.
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- 2002
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274. Effective theory of quantum black holes
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E. Binetti, M. Del Piano, S. Hohenegger, F. Pezzella, F. Sannino, Binetti, E., Del Piano, M., Hohenegger, S., Pezzella, F., Sannino, F., and HEP, INSPIRE
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,geometry ,symmetry: space-time ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,gr-qc ,FOS: Physical sciences ,quantum gravity: model ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,correction: quantum ,horizon ,effective field theory ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,capture ,Particle Physics - Phenomenology ,black hole: quantum ,[PHYS.GRQC] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc] ,General Relativity and Cosmology ,hep-th ,temperature ,hep-ph ,black hole: mass ,Schwarzschild ,[PHYS.HPHE] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph] ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,[PHYS.HTHE] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th] ,entropy ,Particle Physics - Theory - Abstract
We explore the quantum nature of black holes by introducing an effective framework that takes into account deviations from the classical results. The approach is based on introducing quantum corrections to the classical Schwarzschild geometry in a way that is consistent with the physical scales of the black hole and its classical symmetries. This is achieved by organizing the quantum corrections in inverse powers of a physical distance. By solving the system in a self-consistent way we show that the derived physical quantities, such as event horizons, temperature and entropy can be expressed in a well defined expansion in the inverse powers of the black hole mass. The approach captures the general form of the quantum corrections to black hole physics without requiring to commit to a specific model of quantum gravity., Comment: Revised version matching the published one
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- 2022
275. Strategies for clinical implementation of TNM-Immunoscore in resected nonsmall-cell lung cancer.
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Donnem, T., Kilvaer, T. K., Andersen, S., Richardsen, E., Paulsen, E. E., Hald, S. M., Al-Saad, S., Brustugun, O. T., Helland, A., Lund-Iversen, M., Solberg, S., Gronberg, B. H., Wahl, S. G. F., Helgeland, L., Fløtten, O., Pohl, M., Al-Shibli, K., Sandanger, T. M., Pezzella, F., and Busund, L. T.
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TUMOR immunology , *NON-small-cell lung carcinoma , *SURGICAL excision , *ONCOLOGIC surgery , *BREAST cancer , *LYMPHOCYTES - Abstract
Immunoscore is a prognostic tool defined to quantify in situ immune cell infiltrates and appears highly promising as a supplement to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification of various tumors. In colorectal cancer, an international task force has initiated prospective multicenter studies aiming to implement TNM-Immunoscore (TNM-I) in a routine clinical setting. In breast cancer, recommendations for the evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been proposed by an international working group. Regardless of promising results, there are potential obstacles related to implementing TNM-I into the clinic. Diverse methods may be needed for different malignancies and even within each cancer entity. Nevertheless, a uniform approach across malignancies would be advantageous. In nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there are several previous reports indicating an apparent prognostic importance of TILs, but studies on TILs in a TNM-I setting are sparse and no general recommendations are made. However, recently published data is promising, evoking a realistic hope of a clinical useful NSCLC TNM-I. This review will focus on the TNM-I potential in NSCLC and propose strategies for clinical implementation of a TNM-I in resected NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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276. Identification of new therapeutic targets and drug repositioning in myelodysplastic syndromes using transcriptional profiling and connectivity mapping
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Sun, T, Pezzella, F, Verma, A, Pellagatti, A, and Boultwood, J
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Medical sciences - Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) malignancies that are characterised by ineffective haematopoiesis leading to peripheral blood cytopenias at one or more lineages. There are few effective treatments for this disorder, and the identification of new therapeutic agents in MDS is urgently needed. Drug repurposing is a potential alternative to novel drug discovery by redirecting existing drugs for treating another disease, which dramatically reduces drug development time, cost, and safety risk. In the last few years, gene expression signatures have been identified and compared based on genome-wide similarity metrics, unveiling ‘connections’ among drugs, pathways and disease phenotype by matching corresponding signatures of disease and drug responses. Some bioinformatic database and tools, such as connectivity map (CMap), containing transcriptomics of cell lines treated with small molecules were developed, greatly facilitating the discovery of new therapeutic applications of existing compounds. In this study, we performed CMap on lists of differentially expressed genes (DEG) obtained from the analysis of RNA-seq or microarray-based gene expression profiling (GEP) data generated from bone marrow CD34+ cells of MDS patients with splicing factor mutations or with advanced MDS (Refractory anaemia with excess blasts-2 subtype, RAEB-2 subtype). Compounds inducing a transcriptional response opposite to that of MDS cases were identified, which might be capable of reverting the gene expression signature, and hence may change the disease phenotype. The compounds were ranked by the absolute value of connectivity scores and were primarily screened by comprehensive literature review based on their Mode of Action (MoA) and toxicity profiles in the context of leukaemia, cancer and other diseases. Several top-ranking candidate drugs for repositioning to MDS were selected for in vitro experimental validation in leukaemia cell lines, patient sample derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and patient primary bone marrow cells. Celastrol and Withaferin A were identified from the CMap analysis of RNA-seq data set of splicing factor mutant MDS patients, and Parbendazole and Fenbendazole were identified by mapping a microarray-based MDS-RAEB-2 gene signature to the CMap database. These drugs markedly inhibited proliferation, arrested cell cycle, and induced apoptosis of leukaemia cells. Notably, our study provided evidence of the involvement of splicing pathway modulation in the anti-proliferative activity of these drugs in MDS and leukaemia cells. Higher cytotoxicity induced by Celastrol, Withaferin A, Parbendazole, and Fenbendazole treatment was observed in splicing factor mutant cells, including HUDEP2-U2AF1Q157 cells, K562-SF3B1K700E cells and K562-U2AF1S34F cells. Taken together, our data show that these compounds are promising candidates for repurposing to MDS and other related myeloid malignancies.
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- 2021
277. Topological and dynamical aspects of Jacobi sigma models
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Franco Pezzella, Francesco Bascone, Patrizia Vitale, Bascone, F., Pezzella, F., and Vitale, P.
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Jacobi manifolds ,High Energy Physics - Theory ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,General Mathematics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Sigma model ,Space (mathematics) ,Topology ,01 natural sciences ,sigma models ,0103 physical sciences ,QA1-939 ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,Gauge theory ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry ,Mathematical Physics ,Mathematics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,010102 general mathematics ,Jacobi manifold ,Topological string ,Sigma ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,Manifold ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Phase space ,Homogeneous space ,Hamiltonian (control theory) ,Symplectic geometry - Abstract
The geometric properties of sigma models with target space a Jacobi manifold are investigated. In their basic formulation, these are topological field theories - recently introduced by the authors - which share and generalise relevant features of Poisson sigma models, such as gauge invariance under diffeomorphisms and finite dimension of the reduced phase space. After reviewing the main novelties and peculiarities of these models, we perform a detailed analysis of constraints and ensuing gauge symmetries in the Hamiltonian approach. Contact manifolds as well as locally conformal symplectic manifolds are discussed, as main instances of Jacobi manifolds., 36 pages, Latex file. Text enlarged with introduction and final discussion reviewed
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- 2021
278. Jacobi sigma models
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Patrizia Vitale, Francesco Bascone, Franco Pezzella, Bascone, F., Pezzella, F., and Vitale, P.
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Sigma model ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Topological Strings ,Space (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,Gauge theory ,0101 mathematics ,Polyakov action ,Mathematical Physics ,Mathematical physics ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,010102 general mathematics ,Sigma ,Sigma Model ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,Manifold ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,Metric (mathematics) ,lcsh:QC770-798 ,Metric tensor (general relativity) ,Sigma Models - Abstract
We introduce a two-dimensional sigma model associated with a Jacobi manifold. The model is a generalisation of a Poisson sigma model providing a topological open string theory. In the Hamiltonian approach first class constraints are derived, which generate gauge invariance of the model under diffeomorphisms. The reduced phase space is finite-dimensional. By introducing a metric tensor on the target, a non-topological sigma model is obtained, yielding a Polyakov action with metric and B-field, whose target space is a Jacobi manifold., 22 pages. Latex2e. Corrections added. Reference added
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- 2021
279. Vascular phenotypes in primary non-small cell lung carcinomas and matched brain metastases.
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Jubb, A. M., Cesario, A., Ferguson, M., Congedo, M. T., Gatter, K. C., Lococo, F., Mulè, A., Pezzella, F., and Mulè, A
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LUNG cancer , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *NEOVASCULARIZATION , *BRAIN diseases , *BEVACIZUMAB , *BLOOD-vessel physiology , *NEOVASCULARIZATION inhibitors , *BRAIN tumors , *CARBONIC anhydrase , *CELL physiology , *COMPARATIVE studies , *LUNG tumors , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *RESEARCH , *TUMOR antigens , *PHENOTYPES , *EVALUATION research , *VASCULAR endothelial growth factors , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Anti-angiogenic therapy with bevacizumab (an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody) predominantly targets immature blood vessels. Bevacizumab has shown a survival benefit in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and has recently been demonstrated to be safe in patients with brain metastases. However, it is not known whether bevacizumab is effective against brain metastases or whether metastases are representative of their primary in terms of VEGF expression, hypoxia, proliferation and vascular phenotype. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors in a series of matched primary NSCLCs and brain metastases.Methods and Results: Immunohistochemistry showed strong correlation of carbonic anhydrase 9 expression (a marker of hypoxia) in primary and secondary cancers (P=0.0002). However, the proliferation index, VEGF expression, microvessel density and the proportion of mature vessels were discordant between primary and secondary cancers. The mean proportion of mature vessels was 63.2% higher in the brain metastases than the primary tumours (P=0.004). Moreover, the vascular pattern of the primary tumour was not representative of the metastasis.Conclusions: Brain metastases have a significantly higher proportion of mature vasculature, suggesting that they may be refractory to anti-VEGF therapy. These findings may have implications for clinical trials and biomarker studies evaluating anti-angiogenic agents in brain metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2011
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280. Expression of delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) and markers of hypoxia in colon cancer.
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Jubb, A. M., Turley, H., Moeller, H. C., Steers, G., C. Han, J.-L. Li, Leek, R., E. Y. Tan, Singh, B., Mortensen, N. J., Noguera-Troise, I., Pezzella, F., Gatter, K. C., Thurston, G., Fox, S. B., Harris, A. L., Han, C, Li, J-L, and Tan, E Y
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LIGANDS (Biochemistry) , *VASCULAR endothelial growth factors , *HYPOXEMIA , *NEOVASCULARIZATION , *COLON cancer treatment , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *CARBONIC anhydrase , *ENDOTHELIUM - Abstract
Background: Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) is a Notch ligand that is upregulated by hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and is reported to have a role in tumor angiogenesis. Evidence from xenograft studies suggests that inhibiting Dll4-Notch signalling may overcome resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. The aim of this study was to characterise the expression of Dll4 in colon cancer and to assess whether it is associated with markers of hypoxia and prognosis.Method: In all, 177 colon cancers were represented in tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemistry was performed using validated antibodies against Dll4, VEGF, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)1, PHD2, PHD3 and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9).Results: The expression of Dll4 was observed preferentially in the endothelium of 71% (125 out of 175) of colon cancers, but not in the endothelium adjacent to normal mucosa (none out of 107, P<0.0001). The expression of VEGF was significantly associated with HIF-2alpha (P<0.0001) and Dll4 (P=0.010). Only HIF-2alpha had a significant multivariate prognostic effect (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.57). Delta-like ligand 4 was also expressed by neoplastic cells, particularly neoplastic goblet cells.Conclusion: Endothelial expression of Dll4 is not a prognostic factor, but is significantly associated with VEGF. Assessing endothelial Dll4 expression may be critical in predicting response to anti-VEGF therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
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281. The key hypoxia regulated gene CAIX is upregulated in basal-like breast tumours and is associated with resistance to chemotherapy.
- Author
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Tan, E. Y., Yan, M., Campo, L., Han, C., Takano, E., Turley, H., Candiloro, I., Pezzella, F., Gatter, K. C., Millar, E. K. A., O'Toole, S. A., McNeil, C. M., Crea, P., Segara, D., Sutherland, R. L., Harris, A. L., and Fox, S. B.
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BREAST cancer , *TUMORS , *HYPOXEMIA , *DRUG therapy , *PROGNOSIS - Abstract
Basal-like tumours account for 15% of invasive breast carcinomas and are associated with a poorer prognosis and resistance to therapy. We hypothesised that this aggressive phenotype is because of an intrinsically elevated hypoxic response. Microarrayed tumours from 188 patients were stained for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)1, PHD2, PHD3 and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH)-1, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX stained in 456 breast tumours. Tumour subtypes were correlated with standard clincopathological parameters as well as hypoxic markers. Out of 456 tumours 62 (14%) tumours were basal-like. These tumours were positively correlated with high tumour grade (P<0.001) and were associated with a significantly worse disease-free survival compared with luminal tumours (P<0.001). Fifty percent of basal-like tumours expressed HIF-1alpha, and more than half expressed at least one of the PHD enzymes and FIH-1. Basal-like tumours were nine times more likely to be associated with CAIX expression (P<0.001) in a multivariate analysis. Carbonic anhydrase IX expression was positively correlated with tumour size (P=0.005), tumour grade (P<0.001) and oestrogen receptor (ER) negativity (P<0.001). Patients with any CAIX-positive breast tumour phenotype and in the basal tumour group had a significantly worse prognosis than CAIX-negative tumours when treated with chemotherapy (P<0.001 and P=0.03, respectively). The association between basal phenotype and CAIX suggests that the more aggressive behaviour of these tumours is partly due to an enhanced hypoxic response. Further, the association with chemoresistance in CAIX-positive breast tumours and basal-like tumours in particular raises the possibility that targeted therapy against HIF pathway or downstream genes such as CAs may be an approach to investigate for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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282. MicroRNA expression in lymphocyte development and malignancy.
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Lawrie, C H, Saunders, N J, Soneji, S, Palazzo, S, Dunlop, H M, Cooper, C D O, Brown, P J, Troussard, X, Mossafa, H, Enver, T, Pezzella, F, Boultwood, J, Wainscoat, J S, and Hatton, C S R
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LYMPHOCYTES , *MYELOID leukemia genetics , *LYMPHOMAS , *CELL lines , *BLOOD cells , *DISEASES , *GENETICS , *RNA physiology , *RNA analysis , *CARRIER proteins , *COMPARATIVE studies , *EPSTEIN-Barr virus diseases , *HEMATOPOIESIS , *LEUKEMIA , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *RESEARCH , *EVALUATION research , *OLIGONUCLEOTIDE arrays , *GENE expression profiling , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
This article discusses research into the dysfunctional expression of microRNA in the development of lymphocytic disorders. MicroRNA regulates gene expression in cells. The use of microarray analysis to determine microRNA expression in hematological cell lines with diseases including lymphoma, nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorder, and acute myeloid leukemia is noted.
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- 2008
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283. Prognostic significance of microvessel density and other variables in Japanese and British patients with primary invasive breast cancer.
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Kato, T., Steers, G., Campo, L., Roberts, H., Leek, R. D., Turley, H., Kimura, T., Kameoka, S., Nishikawa, T., Kobayashi, M., Harris, A. L., Gatter, K. C., and Pezzella, F.
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BREAST cancer , *CANCER prognosis , *CANCER diagnosis , *PROGNOSIS , *JAPANESE people , *BRITISH people , *DISEASES , *BREAST tumor treatment , *PROTEIN metabolism , *SURVIVAL , *RESEARCH , *CANCER invasiveness , *RESEARCH methodology , *CELL receptors , *CANCER relapse , *EVALUATION research , *MEDICAL cooperation , *TUMOR classification , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *COMPARATIVE studies , *PATHOLOGIC neovascularization , *AGING , *COMBINED modality therapy , *BREAST tumors - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations of microvessel density (MVD) and other pathological variables with survival, and whether they accounted for survival differences between Japanese and British patients. One hundred seventy-three Japanese and 184 British patients were included in the study. British patients were significantly older (56.3+/-11.4 years vs 52.5+/-12.9 years; P<0.01) and had smaller tumours (2.2+/-1.3 vs 2.7+/-1.8 cm; P<0.01), which were more frequently oestrogen receptor positive (78.8 vs 57.2%, P<0.01), had more grade III tumours (29.9 vs 21.4%, P=0.04) and more infiltrating lobular carcinomas (13.6 vs 4.0%, P<0.01) and a higher MVD compared with Japanese patients (57.9+/-19.8 vs 53.2+/-18.6; P=0.01). However, no difference in the prevalence of lymph-node metastasis was found between them (39.1 vs 37.5%, P=0.75). Younger British patients (age <50 years) had the highest MVD compared with Japanese and older British patients (P<0.01). Japanese patients were proportionately more likely to receive chemotherapy than endocrine therapy (P<0.01). British patients had a significantly worse relapse-free survival and overall survival compared with Japanese patients, after statistical adjustment for variables (hazard ratio=2.1, 2.4, P<0.01, P<0.01, respectively), especially, in T2 stage, low MVD and older subgroup (HR: 3.6, 5.0; 3.1, 3.3; 3.2, 3.9, respectively), but only in ER negative cases (P=0.04, P=0.01, respectively). The present study shows that MVD contributes to the Japanese-British disparity in breast cancer. However, the MVD variability did not explain the survival differences between Japanese and British patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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284. A fibrotic focus is a prognostic factor and a surrogate marker for hypoxia and (lymph)angiogenesis in breast cancer: review of the literature and proposal on the criteria of evaluation.
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Van Den Eynden, G. G., Colpaert, C. G., Couvelard, A., Pezzella, F., Dirix, L. Y., Vermeulen, P. B., Van Marck, E. A., and Hasebe, T.
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BREAST cancer , *HYPOXEMIA , *NEOVASCULARIZATION , *LYMPHOID tissue , *EOSINOPHIL disorders - Abstract
A fibrotic focus is a scar-like area in the centre of a carcinoma and can be regarded as a focus of exaggerated reactive tumour stroma formation. Although modern surgical pathology uses different histopathological and molecular markers to assess the aggressiveness and predict the behaviour of malignant tumours, markers reflecting stromal cell behaviour and interactions between epithelial cells and stromal cells are scarce. In this review we summarize all studies investigating the value of a fibrotic focus as a prognostic factor and as a surrogate marker for hypoxia and (lymph)angiogenesis in patients with breast cancer. These data show that a fibrotic focus can be used as a practical, easily assessable and reproducible integrative histological prognostic parameter in breast cancer. We propose a consensus methodology to assess the fibrotic focus in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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285. BNIP3 expression in follicular lymphoma.
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Sington, J., Giatromanolaki, A., Campo, L., Turley, H., Pezzella, F., and Gatter, K. C.
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LYMPHOMAS , *PROTEINS , *ESSENTIAL hypertension , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *LYMPHADENITIS - Abstract
Aims: To investigate the role of BNIP3, a 19-kDa interacting protein of the Bcl-2 family, alongside Bcl-2 in follicular lymphoma in comparison with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. The results were compared with those from p53 and caspase-3 (apoptotic markers) and Ki67 (proliferation marker). Methods and results: Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies showed BNIP3 to be strongly expressed in most follicular lymphomas but to be weak to negative in all of the reactive cases. There was also an inverse relationship with Bcl-2 expression. There was no correlation of BNIP3 immunoreactivity with proliferation and caspase and p53 were virtually negative in all follicular lymphomas and reactive lymphoid cases. Conclusions: BNIP3 is strongly expressed in most follicular lymphomas, especially those that are Bcl-2 negative. BNIP3 may serve as a marker of more aggressive behaviour in follicular lymphoma and be useful diagnostically in the distinction from reactive lymphadenitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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286. Standard operating procedure for the collection of fresh frozen tissue samples
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Mager, S.R., Oomen, M.H.A., Morente, M.M., Ratcliffe, C., Knox, K., Kerr, D.J., Pezzella, F., and Riegman, P.H.J.
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TISSUE preservation , *FROZEN tissue sections , *MICROTOMY , *CRYOPRESERVATION of organs, tissues, etc. - Abstract
Abstract: Studies using fresh-frozen tissue samples originating from different centres, as is often the case in EORTC related translational research, can show conflicting research results due to heterogeneity in the quality of samples and associated data from each centre. The development of infrastructure for the European Human Frozen Tumour Tissue Bank (TuBaFrost) anticipated this problem and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) have been developed to ensure samples collected are of consistent high quality and variation in research results is minimised. The SOPs drew on the best practice standard workflows and operating procedures employed by members of the TuBaFrost Consortium and key tissue bank initiatives worldwide. It was essential to provide workable solutions that reflect the variety in infrastructure and resources at the potential collecting centres and also the fact that it is not necessary to standardise every step of the collection and storage process in order to collect high quality tissue. Hence, the TuBaFrost SOPs detail the compulsory measures that must be implemented in order to become a TuBaFrost collecting centre and also make advisory recommendations regarding the less critical factors. Accordingly, the TuBaFrost SOPs are very flexible and to illustrate this the complete SOP for collecting, freezing and storing tissue at the Erasmus MC Tissue Bank is included. These TuBaFrost SOPs could equally be applicable to centres collecting samples for EORTC related translational research studies in order to standardise sample quality and produce reliable and reproducible research results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2007
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287. TuBaFrost 5: Multifunctional central database application for a European tumor bank
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Isabelle, M., Teodorovic, I., Morente, M.M., Jaminé, D., Passioukov, A., Lejeune, S., Therasse, P., Dinjens, W.N.M., Oosterhuis, J.W., Lam, K.H., Oomen, M.H.A., Spatz, A., Ratcliffe, C., Knox, K., Mager, R., Kerr, D., Pezzella, F., van de Vijver, M., van Boven, H., and Alonso, S.
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TISSUE banks , *SEARCH engines , *ONLINE information services , *DATA mining - Abstract
Abstract: Developing a tissue bank database has become more than just logically arranging data in tables combined with a search engine. Current demand for high quality samples and data, and the ever-changing legal and ethical regulations mean that the application must reflect TuBaFrost rules and protocols for the collection, exchange and use of tissue. To ensure continuation and extension of the TuBaFrost European tissue bank, the custodianship of the samples, and hence the decision over whether to issue samples to requestors, remains with the local collecting centre. The database application described in this article has been developed to facilitate this open structure virtual tissue bank model serving a large group. It encompasses many key tasks, without the requirement for personnel, hence minimising operational costs. The Internet-accessible database application enables search, selection and request submission for requestors, whereas collectors can upload and edit their collection. Communication between requestor and involved collectors is started with automatically generated e-mails. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2006
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288. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factors is correlated with the presence of a fibrotic focus and angiogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
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Couvelard, A., O'Toole, D., Leek, R., Turley, H., Sauvanet, A., Degott, C., Ruszniewski, P., Belghiti, J., Harris, A. L., Gatter, K., and Pezzella, F.
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CANCER , *NEOVASCULARIZATION , *BLOOD-vessel development , *DIGESTIVE organs , *HYPOXEMIA , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of oxygen , *VASCULAR endothelial growth factors - Abstract
Couvelard A, O'Toole D, Leek R, Turley H, Sauvanet A, Degott C, Ruszniewski P, Belghiti J, Harris A L, Gatter K&Pezzella F(2005)HistopathologyExpression of hypoxia-inducible factors is correlated with the presence of a fibrotic focus and angiogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomasTo study the expression of hypoxia-regulated markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PA) in relationship to the presence of a fibrotic focus, angiogenesis quantification and clinical outcome.The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, HIF-2α, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was immunohistochemically detected in 50 PA and correlated with tumour characteristics, microvascular density (MVD) and survival. HIF-1α was expressed within tumour cells in 68%, HIF-2α in 46%, CA9 in 78% and VEGF in 52% of the cases. Stromal expression was also noted for HIF-2α and CA9 in, respectively, 42% and 48% of the cases. Tumour CA9 expression was associated with that of VEGF (P = 0.004) and that of stromal HIF-2α (P = 0.013), with the presence of a fibrotic focus (P = 0.046) and with an increased MVD (P = 0.034). Tumour VEGF expression correlated with the presence of a fibrotic focus (P = 0.039) and a greater MVD (P = 0.047). Both the presence of a fibrotic focus (P = 0.0002) and high tumour CA9 expression (P = 0.029) were associated with reduced overall survival.The strong association of the presence of a fibrotic focus with CA9 expression and lower survival demonstrates that hypoxia-driven angiogenesis plays an important role in the progression of PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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289. The expression and cellular localization of phosphorylated VEGFR2 in lymphoma and non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy: an immunohistochemical study.
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Pillai, G., Cook, N., Turley, H., Leek, R. D., Blasquez, C., Pezzella, F., Harris, A. L., and Gatter, K. C.
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- *
VASCULAR endothelial growth factors , *GROWTH factors , *LYMPHOMAS , *CYTOKINES , *PROTEIN-tyrosine kinases , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *MONOCLONAL antibodies - Abstract
Pillai G, Cook N, Turley H, Leek R D, Blasquez C, Pezzella F, Harris A L&Gatter K C(2005)Histopathology46,209–216The expression and cellular localization of phosphorylated VEGFR2 in lymphoma and non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy: an immunohistochemical study: To study the expression of phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase receptor to vascular endothelial growth factor, in lymphoma and non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy.: Archival cases (89 cases of lymphoma and 17 cases of non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy) were studied immunohistochemically with three monoclonal antibodies to the different autophosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor. There was increased expression of this receptor in lymphoma and particularly in all cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. In this category, there was nuclear re-location of this receptor.: This very interesting finding raises the possibility that VEGFR2 may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of this disease. Small molecule inhibitors to this receptor may therefore be a useful adjunct in the therapy of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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290. An unusual presentation of diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumour in the neck.
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Pillai, G., Nicolas, M., Lwin, K., Pezzella, F., and Gatter, K.
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NECK tumors , *HISTOPATHOLOGY - Abstract
Presents the case of a 52-year-old female patient who exhibited an unusual diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor in the neck. Symptoms and diagnosis; Treatment options; Implications on histopathology.
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- 2003
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291. The angiogenic receptor KDR is widely distributed in human tissues and tumours and relocates intracellularly on phosphorylation. An immunohistochemical study.
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Stewart, M, Turley, H, Cook, N, Pezzella, F, Pillai, G, Ogilvie, D, Cartlidge, S, Paterson, D, Copley, C, Kendrew, J, Barnes, C, Harris, A L, and Gatter, K C
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NEOVASCULARIZATION , *TUMOR growth , *VASCULAR endothelium , *GROWTH factors , *PHOSPHORYLATION , *CELL receptors - Abstract
Aims: Angiogenesis is an important factor in tumour growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) or KDR plays a crucial role in angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to raise and characterize antibodies against phosphorylated KDR which could be used for studies on human tissues to assess KDR activation and novel inhibitors of KDR activation in clinical trials. Methods and results: Three monoclonal antibodies and one rabbit polyclonal antiserum were produced. The specificity of the antibodies was confirmed by ELISA. One of the mouse antibodies and the rabbit polyclonal antiserum reacted with a 200-kDa band on a Western blot of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lysates, the molecular weight of KDR. Immunohisto-chemical staining showed that phosphorylated KDR is present in a wide variety of normal tissues including liver, colon and placenta, and is not restricted to endothelium. It was also present in a number of human tumours including breast carcinomas, colonic carcinomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The pattern of staining was membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear. Conclusions: This study has shown that phosphorylated KDR is present in a wide variety of tumour and tissue types and is not confined to endothelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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292. p53 expression in normal paraffin-embedded tissue using different antibodies and antigen retrieval buffer systems.
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Pillai, G, Roberts, H, Gatter, K, and Pezzella, F
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P53 antioncogene , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *ANTIGENS - Abstract
Aims: The study was undertaken to demonstrate wild-type p53 in normal paraffin-embedded tissues using two widely used antibodies, DO7 and 1801 and two different antigen retrieval buffer systems. Methods and results: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal tissue samples were obtained from the archives of the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. Antigen retrieval was performed by microwaving using two different buffer systems: (i) the commercially available Dako target retrieval solution (Cat. no. 1699) (pH 9.8–9.9), (ii) freshly prepared buffer consisting of 0.1 m EDTA with 0.1% Tween pH 6.0, and (iii) freshly prepared buffer consisting of 0.1 m EDTA with 0.1% Tween pH 8.0. Staining was performed with DO7 and 1801 antibodies using the Dako Envision kit (peroxidase/DAB). DO7 antibody elicited strong nuclear staining in the mucosal cells of the small and large intestine, lymphoid cells, decidua, neurones such as Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells of the prostate, cardiac myocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. Cytoplasmic staining was noted in Purkinje cells, glandular epithelium of prostate, exocrine pancreas and renal tubular epithelium. The 1801 antibody did not produce staining in any of these tissues. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the presence of p53 in normal paraffin-embedded tissue with nuclear and/or cytoplasmic localization in some instances. In our view, DO7 appears to be better suited for such detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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293. Expression of angiogenic factors and hypoxia inducible factors HIF 1, HIF 2 and CA IX in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
- Author
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Stewart, M, Talks, K, Leek, R, Turley, H, Pezzella, F, Harris, A, and Gatter, K
- Subjects
- *
NEOVASCULARIZATION , *LYMPHOMAS , *VASCULAR endothelium - Abstract
Expression of angiogenic factors and hypoxia inducible factors HIF 1, HIF 2 and CA IX in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Aims: Angiogenesis in solid tumour pathology is well established but less is known about its role in haematological malignancies. Our study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of a variety of angiogenic and hypoxic factors and microvessel densities on 110 cases of high- and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and reactive lymphoid tissues. Methods and results: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was present in 82 (96%) of the non-Hodgkin's cases and 35 (100%) of the reactive lymphoid tissue cases. Both hypoxia inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF 1α, 2α) were weakly expressed in the majority of high- and low-grade lymphomas. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a HIF-inducible membrane-bound enzyme, expression was not abundant with membranous staining being present in seven (8%) of the lymphoma cases and none of the reactive cases. Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) was distributed amongst macrophages and follicular dendritic cells but was not present in the neoplastic population. The vasculature was stained using CD34 which gave rise to a distinct vascular, predominantly paracortical network present in low-grade lymphomas and reactive lymphoid tissue but which was lost in high-grade lymphomas. Conclusion: Our results suggest that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas may be less angiogenic and hypoxically driven than most solid tumours, which has implications for possible future therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
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294. Discovery of molecular signatures underlying angiogenic versus non angiogenic tumours
- Author
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Komsany, A, Kessler, B, and Pezzella, F
- Abstract
Angiogenesis has long been considered an essential prerequisite for tumour growth and progression. However, this understanding is being overturned by studies showing that many human tumours can metastasise without angiogenesis, suggesting that their microcirculation may be provided by non – sprouting vessels. Vessel co-option, a mechanism whereby tumour cells may incorporate and or migrate along pre-existing vessels presents an alternative mode of tumour blood supply. Vessel co-option has been found to manifest in many malignancies, occurring with increased frequency in highly vascularised tissues, such as the brain, lung and liver. 10-30% of primary and metastatic lung cancer, in addition to liver metastasis originating from different primary sources, have been found to utilise this alternative mode of blood supply. Furthermore, owing to the fact anti angiogenic drugs were designed to target new blood vessel growth, co-option as a result has also been proposed as a mechanism that could drive drug resistance to anti - angiogenic therapy. However, vessel co-option in the context of lung metastases has not been investigated extensively and likewise it’s potential to induce drug resistance in lung metastases is not well established. The aim of the work described in this thesis was therefore to investigate and further understand the molecular underpinnings that determine whether a tumour will exhibit a co-optive phenotype or an angiogenic phenotype and thus shed light on co-optive drug resistance molecular mechanisms in the context of lung metastases. Using a lung metastasis mouse model of co-option established originally by Andy Reynolds at the ICR in London, a multi omics approach was utilised to profile the “in vitro” and in “vivo” settings and identify potential molecular candidates that discriminate between angiogenesis and vessel co - option. These studies revealed the potential role the cellular microenvironment plays in dictating metastatic potential in addition to metabolic cellular profiles, ultimately driving the decision to co – opt existing vessels or promote angiogenesis. Moreover, preliminary proteomic and metabolomic data points towards potential differential regulation of metabolic pathways, cell signalling pathways and proteins involved in adhesion that show distinct profiles within tumour cells with different metastatic potential and tissues from co – opting versus angiogenic models. Of particular interest is the possible role of Carbonic anhydrase 2, the Na+/H+ exchanger protein family and pH regulation in general towards controlling the cellular tumorigenic potential and possibly the fate of angiogenic versus co optive tumours. To further drill down on this, subsequent proteomic analysis carried out on laser capture micro dissected tumours and vessels have further confirmed the role of metabolism, with proteins involved in lipid metabolism and reactive oxidative species metabolism being found to be upregulated in co optive vessels when compared to their angiogenic counterparts. In addition to this, the differential abundance of Carbonic anhydrase 2 was similarly confirmed, as well as proteins implicated in both adhesion and migration processes. In summary, these studies have contributed to paving the necessary groundwork in relation to understanding co-option in a pre-clinical model of lung metastases. They have not only confirmed what has been already noted in the literature but have also highlighted potential new molecular targets and pathways, worthy of further study and investigation.
- Published
- 2019
295. Zero-slope limit of the compactified closed bosonic string
- Author
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Pezzella, F [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad. 20, I-80125 Napoli (Italy)]
- Published
- 1994
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296. Reparametrization ghost contribution to superstring multiloop amplitudes
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Pezzella, F [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Mostra d'Oltremare Padiglione 20, I-80125 Napoli (Italy)]
- Published
- 1992
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297. Translational relevance of AIPL1 and NUB1 in cancer
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Tan, K, Pezzella, F, and Acuto, O
- Subjects
Breast--Cancer - Abstract
Background: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein-Like 1 (AIPL1) interacts with NUB1 and restricts the entry of NUB1 protein into the nucleus. The interferon-induced NEDD8 ultimate buster (NUB1) protein causes degradation of neddylated and FAT10ylated proteins through the ubiquitin proteasome system. We observed AIPL1 were frequently down-regulated in various cancers compared to normal tissues. The mechanistic roles of AIPL1 and NUB1 protein in cancer cell cycle regulation remain unexplored. Results: Meta-analysis of cancer databases revealed that expression transcripts of chaperones, including AIPL1, were down-regulated in lung, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer relative to the adjacent normal tissues. Opposite levels of both AIPL1 and NUB1 transcripts were observed in the breast cancer. So it triggers the in vitro experiments using breast cancer cells. METABRIC breast cancer clinical cohort highlighted that patients with low NUB1 transcripts had poor survival in the ER-negative subgroup (but not in ER-positive) of breast cancer patients: hazard ratio (HR)=0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.5-0.87, p=0.003 and triple negative subgroup of breast cancer patients: HR=0.67, 95% CI=0.47-0.96, p=0.028. NUB1 silencing significantly inhibits in vitro cell growth in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 under hypoxia. AIPL1 protein forms multimers in cancer cells. NUB1 protein moved into the nucleus in hypoxia (0.1% O2 48hrs) with final confluency at 80-90%. p21 (marker of senescence) & p27 (marker of cell cycle arrest) accumulated in NUB1-silent MDA-MB-231 and RCC4 cells. It suggested that low NUB1 nuclear localisation in hypoxia cause cancer cell cycle arrest. In MDA-MB-231 cell, upon hypoxia, neddylation inhibitor (MLN4924) treated and siNUB1 transfected cells showed decreased CUL1 and further accumulated p21 & p27. The evidence suggested lower neddylated CUL1 and reduced NUB1 cooperatively stabilise p21 and p27 as the substrate of CUL1-ubiquitin ligase. The neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 treated and NUB1 knockdown group exhibited more cells in sub-G1 stage as compared to the control group. In connection to higher p21/p27, it is associated with prolonged arrested cellular aging with depletion. After silencing of NUB1, the increases in cell death of cancer cells upon hypoxia happen through the neddylation-dependent CUL1-p27-p21 and CUL2-VHL axis. We then demonstrated that HIF1α protein could be both neddylated and FAT10ylated upon reoxygenation. In a tissue microarray study of breast cancer, lower cytoplasmic expression (n=57) had worse overall survival than higher cytoplasmic expression (n=57): HR=1.779, 95% CI=1.006-3.346, p=0.048. Conclusions: AIPL1 and NUB1 proteins exert a role in cell cycle regulation in breast cancer. Low cytoplasmic NUB1 levels are observed in the G1-S transition of cancer cells. NUB1 depletion causes G0/G1 phase arrest due to CUL1 and CUL2 ubiquitin E3 ligase-dependent pathways.
- Published
- 2018
298. Expression profiling of persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis suggests constitutive expression of the AP-1 transcription complex and downregulation of Fas-apoptotic and TGFβ signalling pathways.
- Author
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Lawrie, C. H., Shilling, R., Troussard, X., Cattan, H., Mossafa, H., Pezzella, F., Boultwood, J., Wainscoat, J. S., and Hatton, C. S. R.
- Subjects
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LETTERS to the editor , *LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE disorders - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented which report a study on molecular investigation of persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) using whole genome microarray expression analysis.
- Published
- 2009
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- View/download PDF
299. Loss of chaperone protein in human cancer
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Adighibe, O, Gatter, K, and Pezzella, F
- Subjects
Clinical laboratory sciences ,Tumour pathology ,Molecular haematology - Abstract
TRAP1 is a Heat Shock Protein (HSP) chaperone to retinoblastoma but also associated to the tumor necrosis factor receptor. HSPs are primarily up regulated in cancer. Work in our lab noted a down regulation of TRAP1 in some non-small cell lung cancers compared to normal lung. The first aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of the loss of TRAP1 on cell proliferation using a spheroid model. The presence of TRAP1 in spheroids promoted cell proliferation and a faster onset of hypoxia. This suggests an oncogenic role for TRAP1 since rapid hypoxia development equates to poor prognosis. Micro array analysis showed that TRAP1’s loss was associated with increased transcrpition of the Junctional Mediating and Regulatory protein (JMY). JMY possesses an oncogenic property due to its ability to facilitate cell motility. Additionally it has tumor suppressor activity in promoting p53 activation. The second aim of this project was to produce an anti-JMY antibody and use it to characterize JMY and additionally verify the association between TRAP1 and JMY. JMY was found to be widely expressed in normal tissues and in many types of tumors. In neoplastic tissues, comparing primary versus metastatic tumors, JMY was found to have significantly higher expression in the metastatic compared with the primary tumors. A pilot study showed that nuclear co-expression of JMY and P53 was associated with shorter overall survival suggesting that a possible tumorigenesis mechanism could be via a deregulation/mutation of JMY/p53 or both. Finally, using 3 dimensional constructions, I demonstrated the distinct morphological difference between an angiogenic tumor and a non-angiogenic tumor. Additionally, I showed a characteristic cytoplasmic p53 sequestration in the non-angiogenic phenotype that is absent in the angiogenic phenotype. This could be the mechanism that the non-angiogenic tumor uses to adapt to hypoxia. This would imply that there is a potential for cancers to escape therapy by switching between these 2 phenotypes.
- Published
- 2016
300. Functional characterisation of microRNAs encoded by avian herpesviruses
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Popplestone, J, Popplestone, James, Lawrie, C, and Pezzella, F
- Subjects
Viruses ,Biology (medical sciences) ,Infectious diseases - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have now been identified in a vast array of organisms and a great deal of research has been carried out to elucidate the role they play. The dysregulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in a number of disease states and their importance has been highlighted by the beginning of their utilisation as therapeutics. The focus of this study was to identify the role played by miRNAs encoded by the Marek’s disease vaccine viruses, Marek’s disease virus serotype 2 (MDV-2) and Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). In order to better understand the functions of these miRNAs we wanted to identify their targets within the host cell. Using a combination of bioinformatic and biochemical approaches we were able to build up a library of potential targets. Three viral miRNA targets; AKT3, RAP1A and DEK, were further validated using dual-luciferase assays to highlight the exact site of miRNA targeting, and western blots to demonstrate an effect of miRNA targeting on protein abundance. An attempt at using label-free proteomics to observe the viral miRNA mediated changes in the host proteome is also described, however this proved to be unsuccessful. Additionally the function of one particular MDV-2 miRNA, mdv2-miR-M21, was explored in more detail, describing its role as a potential ortholog of the host miRNA; gga-miR-29b. By using the observation that the viral miRNA contained an identical 'seed' region to the host miRNA, we were able to use the data collected from existing studies on miR-29b to search for targets of mdv2-miR-M21. We demonstrated that mdv2-miR-M21 targeted DNMT3B, crucial for epigenetic modification of the genome. The final part of this study aimed to understand the wider context the viral miRNAs played in the viral biology and protective ability of the vaccine viruses. The miRNAs were deleted from the viruses, and then the miRNA-deletion viruses were used to vaccinate birds before challenge with the oncogenic Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1), survival rates to the 'wild-type' MDV-2 and HVT vaccine viruses were then compared.
- Published
- 2016
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