Search

Research is limited on the association between depression and perceived health status and the underlying mechanisms linking these variables among adults experiencing homelessness. The purpose of th...

This study is about use and non-use of a physician after reading physician rating website (PRW) reviews. College students (n=796) were surveyed about demographics, self-rated perceived health, health insurance, recent physician visits, and many PRW review topics. The study found that a number of PRWs read or typically read PRW reviews; trust, behavioral control, and intentions were each positively associated with increased odds for use and non-use of a physician. Women were associated with increased odds for use of a physician. Writing a PRW review was associated with increased odds for non-use of a physician. In conclusion, healthcare organizations and managers of physician practices should encourage patients to write reviews on PRWs with the hope that the majority of the reviews will be positive. As reviews read is a key factor influencing choosing to use and not use a physician, this way there will be a number of reviews for consumers to read.

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pressing phenomenon whose consequences are associated with severe physical and mental health outcomes. Every minute, around 24 people in the United States are raped, physically injured, or emotionally abused by their intimate partner. Although having experienced IPV is not modifiable, emotional support is a protective factor to prevent victims from committing suicide. The psychological state of IPV victims is critical in post-traumatic events and this is evidenced in numerous qualitative interviews. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the association between IPV with emotional support, life satisfaction, and perceived health status in the United States. Methods This study analyzed the data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Univariate analyses, multivariable logistic regression analyses, and ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for factors associated with IPV. Analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25. Results The analyses show that there is a strong association between IPV experience and emotional support (AOR:1.810; 95% CI = 1.626–2.015). Participants who had either physical violence or unwanted sex with an intimate partner in the past 12 months have 2.28 higher odds to receive less emotional support and 2.05 higher odds to perceive poor life satisfaction. Also, participants who reported experiencing IPV were associated with (AOR: 3.12; 95% CI =2.68–3.62) times the odds of having ≥6 days more mentally unhealthy days in a month. For perceived health outcomes, people who had been threatened with violence by a sex partner have 1.74 (95% CI =1.54–1.96) times the odds of having poor perceived general health status. IPV survivors have 3.12 (95% CI =2.68–3.62) times the odds of having ≥6 days more mentally unhealthy days in a month. Conclusions People reported with any IPV experience are more likely to receive less emotional support, perceive dissatisfaction in life, and poor health outcomes. This study shows the need for policies centered on the development of interventions that focus on mental health for those who have experienced IPV.

This study aims to examine the relationship between university students’ perceived health outcomes and happiness levels that result from engaging in recreational activities. The study evaluates this relationship using certain variables. The data were gathered from 652 students from various universities in Turkey. Appropriate sampling methods were used. The initial findings indicate that the highest score was obtained in the ‘improvement condition’ of health outcomes among university students. It shows that they are more likely to engage with physical activities for health purposes. Furthermore, all sub-dimensions of PHORS and the happiness scale significantly differed according to income and active-passive participation variables. This study further demonstrates a significant positive relationship between perceived health outcomes sub-scales and happiness among the students.

The study focused on assessing the health impact of indoor air pollution and coping strategies adopted among rural households in Kwara state, Nigeria. A three-stage random sampling techniques was used to select 150 household respondents. The data for the study were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and an MSA gas-detector used to monitor the concentration of Carbon-monoxide (CO), Sulphur-dioxide (SO2) and Hydrogensulphide (H2S) pollutants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. However, the result revealed that the mean concentration of CO, SO2 and H2S in the kitchen during cooking were 77.20, 1.97 and 0.25 parts-per millions (ppm) respectively. The World Health recommends exposure limits of 35ppm for 1hour and 9ppm for 8hours for CO concentration in a household. While, the recommended exposure limits of 0.5ppm and 1.0ppm for 8 hours, and 5.0ppm and 10.0ppm for 15minutes for SO2 and H2S concentrations in a household respectively. Eye irritation, Sneezing and headache were the 1st, 2nd and 3rd perceived health problems found to be associated with indoor air pollution. Also, the Pearson χ2 result (15.051, 15.454, and 11.853 with P

Kadaknath is the most popular native chicken breed of India. This breed is experiencing higher demand due to its unique characteristics and perceived health benefits of its meat and eggs. The entir...

The main purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the potential beneficial effects of leisure-time, travel and work-related physical activity on diagnosed depression and perceived...

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the Healthy Retirement Program's effectiveness toward skills improvement and evaluate changes in subjective health.Design/methodology/approachA quasi-experimental, pre and posttest of the comparison groups was conducted. Teachers who were going to retire within one year were recruited into the experimental (n = 47) and the comparison groups (n = 43). Questionnaires were administered at baseline, posttest and at the 6-months follow-up. An independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were applied to determine the differences in outcomes between groups.FindingsThe results revealed different effects regarding teachers' health status. In those who had no chronic disease, the experimental group had higher skills to understand health information at posttest and at follow-up (p = 0.036, 0.028). Skills to apply health information was also greater at follow-up (p = 0.042). Among those suffering from a chronic disease, skills to access and apply health information were significantly higher in the experimental group than that of the comparison at follow-up (p = 0.011, 0.046). Greater perceived health of the experimental group was also indicated (p = 0.032).Originality/valueWhile the health conditions of teachers at the preretirement period are inconsistent, healthy lifestyle management after retirement is a crucial skill for retirement adjustment. Supporting teachers to be health literate should be included in the retirement planning program which emphasizes preretiree's ability to understand and take control of their health.

This study seeks to examine the effect of the characteristics of park users, park characteristics, and the neighborhood environment on park visits and the resultant perceived health status of residents living in Alabama, US. One hundred and eighty-nine participants, representing residents from 49 counties in Alabama, were recruited via a random-digit dial method to complete a telephone survey related to park visits. Data collection spanned 11 months. Results from the path analysis indicated a few significant direct effects: park location and body mass index (BMI) were the only two factors significantly associated with park visits, with race being marginally significant; and work status was significantly associated with perceived health. Our findings suggest park proximity, and high BMI are related to park visits and work status is related to perceived health among Alabamians. It is recommended that more neighborhood parks are needed for promoting Alabamians to visit them more frequently.

Health inequities in Canada are pervasive. Intersectional theory and novel quantitative methods can be used to understand health inequities. Drawing on a sample of adults from the 2015 and 2016 Can...

Due to the high prevalence of age-related sensory impairment (SI), this study examined the relative strength of the association between successful aging activities and perceived health among older adults with SI. A sample of adults aged 65 and older who experienced SI in vision and/or hearing was drawn from the 2015–2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ( N = 2,084). Two aspects of successful aging were considered: employment status and religious participation. Of the total sample, 1,370 (65.7%) reported hearing impairment; 440 (21.1%), vision impairment; and 274 (13.1%) dual sensory impairment. Among the covariates, female gender, higher educational attainment, non-Hispanic White race, fewer chronic diseases, alcohol use, non-hospitalization, non-cigarette use, and no mobility challenges were associated with greater perceived health status. Working older adults with SI are more likely to perceive their health status as good compared with their unemployed counterparts (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43, p < .01). Religious participants with SI also perceive greater health (OR = 1.58, p < .01). For older adults with SI, ensuring that they participate in productive activities, such as employment or religious activities, may be important for their perceived health status and may lead to better overall health outcomes.

Many transitional age foster youth (TAFY) emancipate from the foster care system with little or no support or resources, experience higher rates of homelessness, unemployment and worse physical and mental health. However, factors related to health outcomes, readiness to transition and health services utilization (HSU) in TAFY and young adults without a history of foster care remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare health-related outcomes among TAFY and young adults without a history of foster care and determine the differences between transition readiness and HSU outcomes among TAFY. This was a cross-sectional, comparative study of 206 young adults (103 TAFY and 103 controls), ages 18 to 26 years, recruited from local foster youth centers in the Los Angeles area. Controls were matched for age, gender, and ethnicity from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) database. TAFY participants completed health interview questions from the CHIS and the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ). In addition, the TAFY group provided written responses to open-ended questions to assess preparations for independent living, future goals and aspirations.The TAFY group was 63% female, mean age 21 � 2.6, African American (40%), 7 or more years in foster care (56%), 7 or more foster placements (35%), income of less than $5,000 per year (39%), living in unstable housing (40%), and having at least one child (38%). There was no statistical significance between TAFY and CHIS controls except for variables related to socioeconomic status such as income, housing and employment. Foster youth reported statistically significant higher Emergency Department (ED) services use and lower perceived health status compared to controls (41% vs 17%, p

BackgroundUnhealthy lifestyles contribute to greater than half than of the premature deaths in the US. With fewer than 5% of nurses practicing healthy lifestyles and hospitals one of the most hazardous workplaces, nurses’ health and safety are at risk.Purpose To examine the lifestyle behaviors, health, and hospital workplace environment of U.S. registered nurses (RNs).Methods A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to analyze data from the American Nurses Association HealthyNurse online health risk appraisal from October 2013 to December 2015 with a convenience sample of 2,730 U.S. hospital nurses. Social and work demographics, lifestyle and health measures included: dietary fruit and vegetable consumption (5 servings/day), physical activity (150 min./week of moderate to vigorous intensity), not smoking, moderate alcohol, sleep (7-8 hours), perceived health (self-rated, role limitations, mental & emotional) and actual diagnoses. Workplace measures were: climate, risks, sharps, safe patient handling and mobility, bullying/violence, fatigue, workplace wellness, absent/present. Results Sample nurses (female [92%], age [40.0M], White [75%], BSN/ASN [45%/31%] experience 42% < 5 years) had a healthy diet (14%), adequate sleep (53%) and physical activity (45% - 47%), not smoking (94%), and moderate alcohol use (93%). Self-rated health was very good or excellent (47%); role limited by pain, physical, or mental health (averaged 3 of 14 days), mental health for fatigue (5 of 14 days). Actual health: allergies 29.1%, low back pain 21.8%, migraines 17.9%, depression 17.8%; and weight with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 42.9%. Key work findings: risks of workplace stress (80%), musculoskeletal strain (60%), and hospital-acquired infections (45%); few nurses (26% and 34%) were involved safety technology selection; 75% favorable employer perceptions. Bullying experienced by: persons in authority (42%), peers (56%), patients or family (56%). Nurses’ work: dayshift (58%), 12-hour shifts (52%), overtime (41%), unplanned overtime (67%), > 50% felt obligated to work when ill. Conclusions Nurse challenges in practicing healthy lifestyles are compounded by the hospital workplace environment.

The use of nature-based solutions (NbS) in urban regeneration processes has been demonstrated as a multifunctional solution to increase the resilience of the built environment, contributing to improved environmental quality and health and wellbeing, and providing empowerment to communities facing natural hazards. However, when it comes to the assessment of psychological wellbeing and social benefits, existing evidence is still limited. To contribute to the knowledge of NbS’ psychosocial benefits, it is necessary to develop and test assessment tools to contribute to a common NbS monitoring framework. In this paper, we describe the development of a psychosocial benefit assessment tool for nature-based interventions in the urban regeneration processes. This tool has been developed within the framework of the H2020 CLEVER-Cities project through a participatory and co-design process, considering advanced sustainability paradigms, such as Regenerative Sustainability and Sensory Sustainability Science. This tool is structured around two dimensions, (1) perceived health and wellbeing and (2) social benefits, which refer to 13 attributes, assessed through 24 items. The Delphi method was used to validate the assessment tool, in which a multidisciplinary panel of experts participated. The results indicate that it has good face and content validity, concluding with the potential applicability of this tool in different contexts.

PurposeRates of drinking- and alcohol-related harms among older adults are increasing in most developed nations. The purpose of this paper was to explore the relationship among at-risk alcohol use, smoking, gender, geographical location, self-reported health and psychological well-being among Western Australians aged 65 years and older.Design/methodology/approachA secondary analysis was conducted of a cross-sectional survey that collected data from 7,804 West Australians aged 65 years and older between 2013 and 2015. Participants were categorised according to the following age groups: young-old (aged 65–74 years), older-old (aged 75–84 years) and oldest-old (aged 85+ years).FindingsResults from a multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that at-risk drinking decreased with increasing age. Current smokers, males and those males and females who perceived their health to be “excellent” were more likely to report at-risk drinking, as were the oldest-old males who lived in remote communities. Psychological well-being was not a predictor of at-risk drinkingOriginality/valueThis paper examines drinking behaviour among a diverse population of older Western Australians. The way in which the age groups were segmented is unique, as most studies of older Australian drinking patterns aggregate the older adult population. Some of the authors’ findings support existing literature, whereas the remainder provides unique data about the relationship among at-risk drinking, geographic location and psychological well-being.

The Oligonucleotide Working Group of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) conducted a survey of companies to understand the trends in nonclinical practices and regulatory expectations for oligonucleotide drug safety assessment. Twenty-two companies of different types, with varying oligonucleotide experience levels in the field, participated. The survey identified key regulatory challenges and areas of perceived health authority (HA) concern regarding nonclinical safety strategies for oligonucleotides, such as the choice of toxicology species, approaches to dose setting in toxicity studies, dose scaling from animals to humans, the implementation (and regulatory acceptability) of lean packages, and methods for dealing with impurities and human-specific off-targets. The perceived oligonucleotide experience of HAs and the relevance of guidance to oligonucleotide development were also assessed. The results showed a general lack of consensus on nonclinical safety assessment approaches being used for this growing class of medicines and highlight the need for continuing collaboration between sponsors and HAs to better define best practices.

This study investigated factors determining the willingness to adopt grasscutter domestication technology in South west, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 160 respondents from 9 urban towns in Oyo, Ogun and Osun States. Well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analysed using descriptive analysis, correlational analysis and t-test. Results showed that the majority (69.4%) of the respondents were male and married. Coefficient correlation (r value) at (p< 0.05), shows that there is a significant association between respondents’ educational status, religion, household size, primary as well as secondary education with respondents’ willingness to adopt the technology. There was also found significant relationship between, perceived health status of those who are into the grasscutter technology, perceived nutritional value and economic value of the grasscutter domestication technology with the willingness to adopt the grasscutter domestication technology. The result if the T-test revealed that there is significant relationship between perceived ease of practice and willingness to adopt the technology. The majority of the respondents are willing to rear grasscutter if variables like space, fund, availability of ready-made buyer and feed, breeding stock and training are put into place. However, issues relating to having enough plots of land, funding, ready-made buyer of grasscutter, and training facilities are most germane. It is therefore recommended that funding and training on the adoption of the grasscutter domestication technology should be made available to individuals. Keywords: grasscutter, technology, urban dwellers, southwest Nigeria

This study determined the relationships of functional, interactive and critical adolescent health literacy with sociodemographic characteristics, social media exposure (SME), and perceived health status (PHS). A total of 314 high school students from Grades 7 to 10 completed a self-administered questionnaire. Findings revealed that functional health literacy is influenced by age (p-value = 0.058) and parents' educational attainment (FEA: p-value = 0.059; MEA: p-value = 0.033); interactive health literacy was only significantly associated with SME (p-value = 0.004); and critical health literacy was significantly correlated with father's educational attainment (p-value = 0.062), SME (p-value = 0.08), and PHS (p-value = 0.019). For the logistic regression model of functional health literacy, only age was a distinct variable, and for interactive health literacy, it was SME. Other variables such as parenting styles, socioeconomic class, and school and peer influences are encouraged for future research for a deeper understanding of adolescent health literacy.

Le confinement, notamment celui lié à la COVID-19, aurait une influence sur la qualité de vie et le bien-être des personnes âgées en raison de ses conséquences sur la santé physique, psychologique et cognitive. Cependant, les études antérieures publiées ont plusieurs limites méthodologiques, dont l’absence du statut préconfinement de même que le type de devis, souvent transversal. La présente étude propose un devis longitudinal avec des mesures préconfinement et vise à évaluer les changements en comparant la qualité de vie, la santé perçue et le bien-être entre avant le confinement (T1 = décembre 2019), trois mois après le début du premier confinement (T2 = juin 2020) et pendant le deuxième confinement (T3 = janvier 2021) dû à la COVID-19 chez un groupe de 72 personnes âgées en santé. Ces derniers ont complété un sondage électronique évaluant les facteurs personnels, les activités et la participation de même que les questionnaires EuroQol-5D et Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. Une diminution de la qualité de vie, de la santé perçue et du bien-être a été observée entre T1 et T2 et entre T1 et T3, mais aucune différence n’est rapportée entre les deux périodes de confinement. Les variables associées à ces changements sont le niveau d’énergie, le sentiment de bonheur, l’activité physique, le changement de la condition médicale, des difficultés mnésiques, le sentiment d’isolement et l’âge. Cette étude permettra de cibler dans un but préventif les variables pouvant avoir un effet délétère sur les personnes âgées lors de futurs contextes de confinement., Lockdown, particularly that related to COVID-19, is thought to influence the quality of life and well-being of the elderly because of its consequences on physical, psychological, and cognitive health. However, previous published studies have several methodological limitations, including the absence of pre-confinement status and the type of design, which is often cross-sectional. The present study proposes a longitudinal design with pre-lockdown measures and aims to assess changes by comparing quality of life, perceived health, and well-being between before lockdown (T1 = December 2019), three months after the start of the first lockdown (T2 = June 2020), and during the second lockdown (T3 = January 2021) due to COVID-19 in a group of 72 healthy elderly. They completed an electronic survey assessing personal factors, activities, and participation as well as the EuroQol-5D and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. A decrease in quality of life, perceived health and well-being was observed between T1 and T2 and between T1 and T3, but no difference was reported between the two lockdown periods. The variables associated with these changes were energy level, level of happiness, physical activity, change in medical condition, memory difficulties, level of perceived isolation and age. This study will help to target variables that may have a deleterious effect on older adults in future confinement settings for preventive purposes.

Build a structural model to explore whether socio-demographic, health and lifestyle-related variables are correlates of adjustment to aging (AtA) in a group of older lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults. The sample comprised 287 community-dwelling older LGB adults aged 75 years and older. Convenience sampling was used to gather questionnaire data. Measures encompassed the Adjustment to Aging Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, demographics (sex, age, professional and marital status, education, household, and family annual income), and lifestyle and health-related characteristics (self-reported spirituality, leisure, physical activity, perceived health, and medication). Structural equation modeling was used to explore a structural model of the self-reported AtA, comprising all the above variables. Outcomes revealed satisfactory goodness of fitness indices in both the measurement and structural model. The study variables contributed towards a high percentage of AtA variability. Perceived health and leisure were the strongest correlates of AtA. The results of this study indicate that policy making and community interventions with older LGB adults may benefit from including variables such as perceived health and leisure, income, education, spirituality, sex, physical activity, satisfaction with life, and marital status.

Background Due to perceived health benefits and increasing consumption trends, plant proteins in their entirety or as partial substitutes have been employed in various food formulations. With the demand for ‘clean label’, there is an increasing need to develop proteins from plant sources as natural food emulsifiers, with comparable properties to traditionally used dairy proteins. A comprehensive and systematic comparison between emulsifying properties of dairy and plant proteins is of interest to the food industry, with the shift towards reducing the usage of animal proteins in food manufacturing. Scope and approach This review presents the comparison between dairy and plant proteins as natural food emulsifiers, underlining the mechanisms elicited from their structures and compositions. It covers the factors influencing the performance of mixed protein systems in emulsion, and the trends for food developers regarding potential applications. Key findings and conclusions The emulsifying properties of food proteins are highly dependent on protein sources, structure, molecular weight, and adsorption behavior. Insights into the relationship between protein structure and emulsifying functionality of dairy and plant proteins under specific conditions, and the suitability of plant proteins as alternative to dairy proteins as natural food emulsifiers are provided.

Aim: This study aims to develop the Social Activities Scale for Community-Dwelling Older People Requiring Support (SASOS). Design: This study is a cross-sectional investigation. Methods: The participants were healthy older people (HOP;N = 140) and those requiring support (OPRS;N = 250). An anonymous questionnaire included items on SASOS, subjective health and ikigai (Japanese well-being concept). Criterion-related validity was examined using the Social Activity Index for Elderly People (SAI-E). Results: Seventy-five HOP and 157 OPRS provided effective responses. The scale (alpha = 0.805) had three subscales: "interactions with friends and neighbors (F1)," "close relationships with family (F2)" and "interactions with others through activity programs (F3)." SASOS and SAI-E scores were correlated (r = .558,p < .01), indicating criterion-related validity. In known-groups validity analysis, F1 were significantly higher among HOP and F3 were significantly higher among OPRS. Total scores correlated with perceived health (r = .240,p < .01) and ikigai (r = .419,p < .01).

The main aim was to verify in a group of adolescent girls undergoing a school-based intervention if the number of years of participation in the intervention is related to healthy lifestyle habits, body weight status, and perceived health. Cross-sectional analysis of the FitSpirit data was performed. Body mass index, lifestyle variables, and perceived health were collected through an online questionnaire. Chi-square test, Fisher’s test, and ANOVA were performed. Mean age of the 272 girls was 14.7 ± 1.5 years. Higher percentage of girls with 3 or more years of participation met the recommendations for physical activity (PA) and sleep duration ( P < .05). Girls who participated ≥3 years showed higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA than girls with 1 and 2 years of participation ( P < .01). No differences were found between the number of years of participation and body mass index, screen time, fruit/vegetable consumption, or perceived health. A healthier body weight status and following recommendations for healthier habits (PA, screen time, sleep, fruit/vegetable consumption) were related to better perceived health ( P < .05). Girls with more years in FitSpirit had healthier lifestyle habits (PA and sleep) compared to those with fewer years. A healthier body weight status and meeting healthy lifestyle recommendations were related to better perceived health.

Background: Port-wine stain (PWS) is a congenital capillary malformation occurring commonly in the head and neck. Left untreated, affected areas may darken and hypertrophy over time, resulting in pronounced disfigurement, risk of spontaneous hemorrhage, and functional impairment. The burden of hypertrophic facial PWS and the benefit of laser therapy have not heretofore been well characterized. Herein, the health utility of these two states is assessed among naïve observers. Methods: Naïve observers (n = 262) ranked the utility of four randomized health states (monocular blindness, binocular blindness, hypertrophic facial PWS, and laser-treated facial PWS) by means of visual analogue scale (VAS), standard gamble (SG), and time trade-off (TTO) techniques. Health states are presented using standardized facial photographs. Results: Health utilities (VAS, SG, and TTO) were reported as follows (mean ± standard deviation): monocular blindness (0.73 ± 0.21, 0.86 ± 0.21, 0.87 ± 0.18), binocular blindness (0.51 ± 0.26, 0.72 ± 0.27, 0.69 ± 0.27), hypertrophic facial PWS (0.71 ± 0.24, 0.83 ± 0.23, 0.83 ± 0.21), and laser-treated facial PWS (0.87 ± 0.16, 0.91 ± 0.18, 0.92 ± 0.16). Laser-treated facial PWS showed significantly higher utility measures than the untreated hypertrophic state (p

Introduction The overall perceived health (OPH) is part of the composite tools used to determine the activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). It is usually measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Difficulties in applying the VAS have been observed in our clinical practice and in the literature. This study was conducted after considering the need to define the performance of the different scales used to assess OPH, determining their convenience and to suggest the development of a new scale. Methods This is a study based on the outcome of patients diagnosed with RA, to whom 4 types of scales were administered to assess OPH: Scale 1 (VAS), Scale 2 (faces scale), and a proposal for a visual scale in two versions: Scale 3 (composite visual scale with a horizontal orientation), and Scale 4, similar to 3 with a vertical orientation. The correlation and level of understanding by patients was analyzed. Results A total of 198 patients were included, 169 (85.3%) females and 29 (14.6%) males. The mean age was 54.2 years, and 59.6% of the patients failed to understand Scale 1, while most patients understood Scales 2, 3, and 4. Approximately 80% of the patients preferred Scales 2 (43.4%) and 3 (36.3%) (P Conclusions Although most patients did not understand the VAS, the vast majority of our patients understood and preferred the proposed scales that could be useful in the clinical practice of RA patients.

PurposeThis correlational study examined relationships among (a) health and function factors, (b) work environmental factors, and (c) perceived psychological stress among employed people with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodBased on responses to a national survey by 523 employed people with MS, this study used a hierarchical multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe final model explained 30% of the variability in participants' perceived stress scores. Participants who perceived better overall health, who experienced less severe cognitive impairment, who expressed higher levels of job satisfaction, and who did not receive accommodations at work reported lower stress scores than did other participants.ImplicationsThe important role of stress in employment and career decision-making underscores the value of tailored psychosocial, medical, and vocational interventions for employed people with MS.

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with many health issues and health-compromising behaviour (HCB). Most research is based on objective indicators of SES, even though subjective SES, someone’s perception of their social standing, is also related to health. Moreover, perceptions of health and HCB might also be of importance. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between both objective and subjective SES and perceived health and HCB respectively, and the role of perceptions of HCB. 326 respondents completed measures of objective and subjective SES, perceived health, HCB and perceptions of HCB. Results showed objective and subjective SES were related to perceived health. Only subjective SES was related to HCB, while for objective SES a moderating effect of perceiving HCB as typically high or low SES was found. Not only objective SES, but especially perceptions of SES and HCB are associated with someone feeling healthy and engaging in HCB. Health interventions should try to tackle perceptions of SES and HCB, either by invalidating current SES related perceptions or by emphasizing new healthy perceptions.

Perceived health in caregivers is related to caregiver burden, psychological well-being and social support. Women perceive poorer health and are more likely than men to experience caregiver overload. The objectives of this study were to analyse perceived health, perceived social support and caregiver overload in family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease, as well as to study the effect of the perceived social support as a mediating variable between perceived health and caregiver overload was also analysed, taking into account the caregivers' gender. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The sample consisted of 255 family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease in the Almería Health District (Spain). This study was conducted from January to December 2015. The caregivers' mean age was 55.35 years (SD = 12.35), with 85.5% (n = 218) being women and 14.5% (n = 37) being men. The following questionnaires were administered: Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire-28; the Caregiver Strain Index, measuring caregiver overload; and the Duke-UNC-11 functional social support questionnaire. Poor perceived health, high caregiver overload and high perceived social support were found. Differences in perceived health and perceived social support were significantly higher in women than in men. In women, perceived social support was a mediating variable between perceived health and family caregiver overload. This mediation was not observed in men. This study suggests that perceived social support influences the emotional well-being and the caregiver overload of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's. However, its effect differs according to gender. It would, therefore, be necessary to have an in-depth understanding of the variables determining these differences in family caregivers.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate exercise dependencies according to perceived health levels from participation in recreational activities. In the study, the “Exercise Addiction Scale” developed by Tekkurşun-Demir, Hazar and Cicioğlu (2018) and “The Scale of Perceived Health Outcomes in Recreation” developed by Gómez et al. (2016) and adapted to Turkish by Yerlisu-Lapa et al. (2017) were used. Convenience sampling method was used for sample selection, and face-to-face survey method was preferred for data collection. Independent Sample t-test and One-way ANOVA were used in examining the differences between variables and descriptive analysis were conducted by using the SPSS package program. In addition, Hierarchical and Non-Hierarchical Clustering analysis was used to group the participants according to perceived health outcome levels. A total of 241, including 114 male (47.3%) and 127 female (52.7%), who participated in the activities within the Sport Istanbul Inc., participated in the study voluntarily. When the findings of the research were examined, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the “Over Focus and Emotional Change” sub-dimensions of exercise dependence according to the perceived health level. As a result, it was found that individuals with high health perception had a higher level of over-focus and emotional change than those with low health perception.