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Monodora undulata (P.Beauv.) Couvreur, Reveal. Secrets African Annon.: Isolona & Monodora: 246, 2008 Figs 78, 79; Map 10C ≡ Unona undulata (Palisot de Beauvois) Dunal, Monogr. Anonac.: 111, 1817. = Monodora brevipes Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 475, 1862. Type. Saõ Tomé & Principe: Principe Island, Mann G. 1115, 1861: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009), p. 246; sheet here designated: K[K000199026]; isotypes: K[K000199025]; P[P00363308]. = Monodora preussii Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 301 1899. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Victoria (Limbe), Preuss, P.R. 1314, 1898: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009): 246: K[K000105558]; isolectotypes: A[A00295524]; EA; PH[PH00018358]; S[S10-21404]; Z[Z-000034547]. Type. Nigeria. no region; no location, Palisot de Beauvois A.M.F.J. s.n., no date: holotype: G-DC, scanned image[excluding fruits] [G00011671]. Description. Tree, up to 20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 100 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-14 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-40 cm long, 8-15 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 3-9 cm long, base rounded to obtuse, coriaceous to papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised above, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 17 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 30-55 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 40-50 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1, upper only, towards the upper half or middle of pedicel, 6-10 mm long, 7-11 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7-11 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, green, glabrous, pubescent towards margins outside, glabrous, pubescent towards margins inside, margins wavy; petals basally fused, tube 2-3 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 25-45 mm long, 15-30 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, speckled and streaked yellow and purple, base creamy-white, margins wavy, glabrous, pubescent towards margins outside, glabrous, pubescent towards margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 17-27 mm long, 13-20 mm wide, rhombic, apex acute, base narrowed into a claw, claw 2-5 mm long, yellow with brown-purple spots, margins flat, glabrous outside, sparsely pubescent inside; receptacle strongly convex; stamens numerous, in 12 to 14 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, densely pubescent, cream; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 4 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, sparsely pubescent. Fruits syncarpous, 60-120 mm long, 40-60 mm in diameter, ovoid, apex rounded, tomentose, faintly ribbed longitudinally, otherwise smooth, brown when ripe; seeds 9-20 mm long, 6-11 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species, disjunct between West Africa (Sierra Leone to Togo) and Central Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon and São Tome Island); in Cameroon known from East, South, Central, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species even though it has been collected numerous times in Cameroon; in lowland primary and secondary rain forests, along rivers and in swamps. Altitude 0-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Yellow-Flowering Nutmeg (English) (Cooper and Record 1931). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a c). Uses in Cameroon. food: seeds used for sauces, as condiment or spice; medicine: bark used against venereal diseases. Notes. Monodora undulata closely resembles M. myristica; both share a strongly convex receptacle, large leaves, and completely connivent inner petals; but M. undulata is distinguished from M. myristica by its smaller flowers with shorter pedicels, cup-shaped and non-undulate upper bract, and ovoid densely tomentose fruits. Specimens examined. Central Region: Reserve forestière de Makak, 3.48°N, 11.01°E, 14 December 1967, Bamps P.R.J. 1449 (BR,YA). East Region: ca 9 km from Bertoua near the road to Doumé, 4.53°N, 13.61°E, 09 December 1961, Breteler F.J. 2182 (K,P,WAG,YA). Littoral Region: Ebo Proposed National Park Iboty to Bekob village, 4.46°N, 10.46°E, 14 February 2006, Cheek M. 12928 (K). South Region: along main road Kribi-Bipindi, 2.99°N, 10.01°E, 17 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 391 (WAG,YA); Lolodorf, 3.23°N, 10.71°E, 1896, Staudt A. 40 (G,K,P). South-West Region: Path above Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.694°E, 22 May 1996, Cable S. 2544 (K,WAG,YA); Nyangdong volcanic waterfall-whirlpool path, 4.96°N, 9.577°E, 27 March 2003, Cheek M. 11464 (K); Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.07°N, 9.051°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1042 (WAG,YA); Nyasoso village on max’s trail to Mt 4.82°N, 9.692°E, 05 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1061 (WAG,YA); Kupe village to Loum State Forest, 4.73°N, 9.716°E, 29 May 1996, Etuge M. 2017 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.06°N, 8.855°E, 06 February 1998, Kenfack D. 1027 (MO,WAG); 6 km W of Bota rocky coast with volcanic boulders, 4.01°N, 9.144°E, 31 August 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 10295 (BR,MO,P,WAG,YA); Limbe (Victoria) Bimbia road, 4.00°N, 13.21°E, 01 February 1929, Maitland T.D. 408 (K); Johann-Albrechtshöhe [Kumba] area 4.63°N, 9.416°E, 1896, Staudt A. 495 (A); Southern slope of Mount above Batoke, 4.03°N, 9.1°E, 25 January 1984, Thomas D.W. 3025 (B,BR,MO,P,YA); Small Koto, 4.31°N, 9.066°E, 07 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4516 (K,MO,P,YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.31°N, 9.066°E, 01 June 1985, Thomas D.W. 4814 (BR,MO,P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 260-262, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Cooper, PG, Record, SJ, 1931. The Evergreen Forests of Liberia. Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series 31: 1 - 153","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Xylopia villosa Chipp, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 183, 1923 Fig. 153; Map 1E ≡ Xylopiastrum villosum (Chipp) Aubrév., Flor. For. Côte d’Ivoire, ed. 2, 1: 140, 1959. Type. Nigeria. Lagos State; Ibadan Forest Reserve, Lagos, Punch C. 119, Dec 1913: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 215: K[000199069]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 90 cm; buttresses narrowly concave ca. 1 m high. Old branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young branches densely villous, with erect orange or reddish brown hairs 0.5-1.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 8.6-12.6 cm long, 2.6-4.1 cm wide, lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.4-1.3 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, subcoriaceous, below golden-sericeous when young, sparsely golden-sericeous to golden-sericeous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young, glabrous to pubescent when old, below glabrous to pubescent when young, pubescent when old; secondary veins 10 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle 8.5-17 mm. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 8 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-5 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 6-42 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2 to 4, evenly spaced, 3-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally to ½ fused, forming a cup , 4-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 22-34 mm long, 3.5-3.9 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute to obtuse, base broad and concave, light yellow, pubescent, base glabrous outside, pubescent, base glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 17.4-23 mm long, 2.5-3.6 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, light yellow, pubescent with glabrous base outside, pubescent towards base to pubescent and glabrous towards center inside; stamens ca. 200, in 4 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 10 to 12, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigmas connivent with tips free, linear, 2.5-4 mm long, pubescent to sparsely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe ca. 3 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 10, ca. 46 mm long, ca. 23 mm wide, oblongoid, apex rounded, sparsely pubescent, verrucose and wrinkled when dried, green outside, endocarp color unknown; seeds unknown (sarcotesta blue?). Distribution. A widespread species in West Africa from Liberia to Ghana, and in Central Africa from southern Nigeria to Cameroon; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central and South-West regions. Given the past confusion with X. letestui, it is difficult to state the full distribution of X. villosa precisely. Habitat. A large tree species not commonly collected, although locally common westward (O. Lachenaud, personal communication); in evergreen or semi-deciduous rain forests of Sterculiaceae and Ulmaceae, and old secondary forest with Lophira alata, Coula edulis, and Sacoglottis gabonensis. Altitude 0-100 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. oyakwi (Letouzey 9524, Yaoundé). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019h). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia villosa and X. letestui share thick pubescent leaves but the former differs in the broadly cuneate to rounded rather than truncate leaf bases, the longer petioles (2-4 versus 1-1.8 mm), and the longer outer petals (22-34 versus 16.5-19.1 mm). Xylopia villosa also lacks the marginal hair tufts toward the base of the inner petals. The specimen Thomas 7703, which consists of fallen fruits containing seeds, reported the seeds to be "blue, “blue,” suggesting the presence of a sarcotesta. Specimens examined. Central Region: près Nkomeyo 10 km d’Esse, 4.07°N, 11.97°E, 07 November 1969, Letouzey R. 9524 (P,YA). East Region: 65 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.08°N, 14.67°E, 08 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1227 (MPU,WAG,YA). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.49°N, 10.34°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 686 (WAG,YA); 3 km E of km 58 of road Edéa-Kribi, 3.72°N, 10.3°E, 05 October 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 6815 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.26°N, 9.2°E, 08 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7703 (MO). Unresolved names Uvaria busgenii Unwin (non Diels), West African Forests & Forestry: 263, 1920 This species was published by Unwin in his West African Forests & Forestry book (Unwin 1920) suggesting it grows in the region of Johann-Albrechtshöhe (now Kumba, South-West region). Unwin states (p. 263) it is a common "large tree" and wood is used to make "European “European” houses in the Calabar region of Nigeria. The name is accompanied by the description of the plant (mainly the wood) and its uses. However, no specimen is listed. The species is presumably named in honor of the German collector Moritz Büsgen (1858-1921), who collected in SW Cameroon in 1908. It is possible that Unwin could have seen a specimen collected by Büsgen. Specimens of Büsgen are deposited in Berlin (B) and four collections of Annonaceae species are available online. Only one refers to an Uvaria collected in Johann-Albrechtshöhe [B 10 0153104, Büsgen 191 ]. This specimen is however the holotype (and only specimen) of Uvaria marginata Diels (now synonym of U. obanensis) and does not correspond to a tree as stated in the description. Uvaria species are generally scrambling shrubs or lianas. However, several tree genera were initially included in Uvaria based on flower characters, such as Uvariodendron ("section Uvariodendron " within Uvaria in Engel and Diels (1901)) or Hexalobus (Botermans et al. 2011). These were generally erected to genus status afterwards (Candolle 1832, in the case of Hexalobus, Fries 1930, in the case of Uvariodendron). Thus, Uvaria busgenii certainly refers to a species in a different genus than Uvaria, possibly Uvariodendron. However, without further material it will be hard to confirm this. Uvaria busgenii Diels (non Unwin), nom. nud. This name was first (?) published in Gilg (1909) page 124, although it doesn’t appear to be the description of a species per se. Only a local name is provided and the indication that it occurs in North Cameroon, and represents a tree. The name has also been used in various other publications (e.g. Wiesner 1918, pages 558, 762). We were however unable to find the original publication describing this name, nor does it appear on IPNI. This name does not refer to the same species as Unwin (see above) as it occurs in North Cameroon. It is probably a manuscript name that was never published, although we have not found any herbarium sheets with this name marked on it yet. Northern Cameroon harbors very few Annonaceae species, and it is hard to see what species or even genus Gilg is referring too here. The common name is "bongele “bongele”, but this name is attributed to Eribroma oblongum (Mast.). Pierre ex A.Chev.) now a synonym of Sterculia oblonga Mast. (Malvaceae)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 495-497, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Unwin, AH, 1920. West African Forests and Forestry. Adelphi Terrace, London, U.K., DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.57756","Botermans, M, Sosef, MSM, Chatrou, LW, Couvreur, TLP, 2011. A revision of the African genus Hexalobus (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany 36: 33 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X553108","Candolle, AP de, 1832. Memoire sur la famille des Annonacees, et en particulier sur les especes du pays des Birmans. Memoires de la Societe Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve 5: 177 - 221","Fries, RE, 1930. Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen I. Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 1 - 128","Gilg, E, 1909. IV. Die bis jetzt bekannten hohen Baeume Kameruns, welche wertvolles Holz geben oder als Nutzhoelzer in Frage kommen koennten. Notizblatt des Koenigl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 45: 123 - 131, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3994004","Wiesner, J, 1918. 2 Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs : versuch einer Technischen Rohstofflehre des Pflanzenreiches. 3. Aufl. W. Engelmann, Leipzig"]}

Monanthotaxis enghiana (Diels) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14, 2017 Figs 53, 54; Map 7D ≡ Popowia enghiana Diels, Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 213, 1911; Friesodielsia enghiana (Diels) Verdc. in Le Thomas Fl. Gabon No. 16: 240, 1969. = Oxymitra grandiflora Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 21: 116, 1951; Richella grandiflora (Boutique) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Fiesodielsia grandiflora (Boutique) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Yalibutu, 45 km NW of Yangambi, Germain R.G.A. 883, 22 Jan 1948: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: BR n.v.; isolectotypes: K [K000913652, K000913653]; MO n.v. = Unona obanensis Baker f., Cat. Pl. Oban 4, 1913; Oxymitra obanensis (Baker f.) Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 156, 1916; Richella obanensis (Baker f.) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17 a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia obanensis (Baker f.) Steenis, Blumea 12 (2): 359, 1964. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State, Oban, Talbot P.A. 1246, 1911: holotype: BM [BM000547069]. = Popowia mangenotii Sillans, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 24: 578, 1953. Type. Central African Republic: Lobaye, Station de Boukoko, Boukokok, Tisserant C. (Équipe) 1285 , 14 Dec 1948: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: P [P00363339]; isolectotypes: BR n.v.; K[K000913654]; P[P00363338]. = Popowia mangenotii f. concolor Sillans, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 24: 580, 1953. Type. Central African Republic, Lobaye, Station de Boukoko, Boukokok, 5 Apr 1951. C. Tisserant (Équipe) 2062 : lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: P[P00363336]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000547068]; BR n.v., P[P003633385, P01985781]. Type. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord Kivu; Fort Beni à Semliki, Mildbraed G.W.J. 2213, 1907-1908: holotype: B[B100153056]. Description. Liana, up to 15 m tall or up to canopy, d.b.h. to 6 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense erect dark-brown hairs 0.9-1.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10.8-35 cm long, 3.3-7.5 cm wide, narrowly oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen up to 5 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, subcoriaceous to membranous, below whitish blue, densely pubescent to pubescent with erect brown hairs when young, pubescent to glabrous when old, above pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above densely pubescent when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 11 to 20 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, (1)2 to 5 per inflorescence; pedicel 18-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 18-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; basal bract ca. 2 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; upper bract 3-5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 3-5 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 12-22 mm long, 7-14 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, brown-violet, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9-14 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, ovate to rhombic, apex acute, base truncate, brown-violet, margins flat, glabrous but pubescent towards base outside, glabrous but pubescent towards the base inside; stamens 90 to 110, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, cuneate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 40 to 60, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma elongate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 2-5 mm long, 2 mm in diameter; monocarps 5 to 15, 14-18 mm long, 34 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, densely pubescent, smooth, constricted around seeds when more than 1, glaucous green when ripe; seeds 1 to 2(3) per monocarp, 11-12 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread west and central African species, from Guinea to Ivory Coast, and from Cameroon to the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic and Uganda; in Cameroon recorded from Adamaoua, Central, East, Littoral, South, South-West regions. Habitat. A very common and widespread species; in primary and young or old secondary rain forests, or semi-deciduous forests, submontane forests, gallery forests and swamp forests. Altitude 0-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Mavembegne (Pygmée name, language not specified). Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis enghiana is usually distinguished by the narrowly oblong to oblanceolate leaves that are whitish-blue below, and the long dense dark-brown erect hairs on the young foliate branches, petioles and lower side of leaf blades. Some specimens have oblong leaves and can be confused with M. hirsuta when sterile. However, this latter species has much larger flowers (the petals being more than twice as long) and its thecae cover more than half the stamen length, while in M. enghiana the thecae are very short covering less than half the stamen length. Monanthotaxis enghiana is also morphologically close to M. dielsiana and M. glaucifolia, but clearly differs in the pubescence type. This is one of the most common species of Annonaceae across the forest region of Cameroon. It is generally encountered as a sapling on the forest floor. As for most lianas, it resembles a scrambling shrub when juvenile, sometimes forming large clumps. Selected specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: Mbakaou, 6.00°N, 12.88°E, 12 January 2017, Kamdem N. 465 (YA). Central Region: Mefou proposed national park Near Mefou town, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 08 March 2004, Cheek M. 11499 (K,YA); Ottotomo Forest reserve 7 km north-west from Ngoumou 30 km south west from Yaoundé, 3.65°N, 11.28°E, 24 February 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 986 (WAG,YA); Ngoro, 5.07°N, 11.22°E, 29 April 2017, Kamdem N. 499 (YA). East Region: 18 km NW of Doumé along road to Nguélémendouka, 4.23°N, 13.45°E, 24 November 1961, Breteler F.J. 2137 (BR,P,WAG,YA); 75 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.73°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1201 (MPU,WAG,YA); Palisco forest consession 15 km along main road into consession, 3.48°N, 13.59°E, 27 March 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 754 (WAG,YA); Deng Deng, 5.20°N, 13.13°E, 27 July 2014, Kamdem N. 167 (YA); Route Bertoua-Deng Deng à 6 km au Sud de Mambaya, 4.91°N, 13.76°E, 26 January 1961, Letouzey R. 3248 (P,YA); A 15 km au S de Djouo (20 km E de Somalomo sur le Dja), 3.32°N, 12.93°E, 23 February 1962, Letouzey R. 4359 (P,YA); A 20 km au S de Mvoy I (45 km à l’Est de Yokadouma), 3.31°N, 15.51°E, 16 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5071 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1176 (MPU,WAG,YA); Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On Djashaka trail, 4.35°N, 10.24°E, 13 February 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 618 (WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.91°N, 10.77°E, 19 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 653 (WAG,YA); Ebo forest reserve ca 2500 m on Dicam trail from Bekob camp, 4.34°N, 10.40°E, 11 March 2007, Wieringa J.J. 5898 (WAG). South Region: 20 km from Kribi 2 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.01°N, 10.05°E, 12 December 1969, Bos J.J. 5818 (WAG); 24 km from Kribi ca 3 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.03°N, 10.08°E, 31 March 1970, Bos J.J. 6653 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); 20 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.33°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 466 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 11 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 669 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 691 (WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.71°E, 27 February 1997, Parren M.P.E. 23 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 May 1913, Zenker G.A. 357 (M,P,U,WAG). South-West Region: Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.694°E, 21 May 1996, Cable S. 2523 (K); Gully by Daniel Ajang’s saprophyte site, 4.78°N, 9.716°E, 07 July 1996, Cable S. 3683 (K,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.502°E, 25 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1003 (WAG,YA); Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.09°N, 9.057°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1037 (WAG,YA); on forest trail north of Ngomboku village, 4.91°N, 9.730°E, 06 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1065 (WAG,YA); Etome, 4.05°N, 9.116°E, 31 January 1997, Nning J. 212 (K,MO,YA); Bakingili, 4.06°N, 9.033°E, 15 February 1997, Nning J. 259 (K,YA); Mahole, 4.81°N, 9.615°E, 29 November 1999, Onana J.M. 947 (K,MO,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 192-195, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Piptostigma Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158, 1864 = Phaeanthus Hook. f. & Thoms. sect. Piptostigma (Oliv.) Baillon Hist. Pl. 4: 287 1878. Type species. Piptostigma pilosum Oliv. Description. Trees, 1-20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 21 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-11 mm long, 1-6 mm in diameter; blade 7-66 cm long, 3-3 cm wide, ovate or elliptic or obovate or oblong, apex acuminate to emarginate, acumen 0.2-2.7 cm long, base cordate to decurrent, blade inserted on top of the petiole, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 14 to 65 pairs; tertiary venation percurrent. Inflorescence variable in length from compact to lax, composed of a peduncle like base and axial internodes. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary, 1 to 28 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-20 mm long; in fruit 9-25 mm long; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-12 mm long, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate; petals free, valvate, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 5-28 mm long, 1.5-11 mm wide, elliptic or ovate or obovate, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-80 mm long, 4-20 mm wide, elliptic or ovate, apex acute, base truncate; stamens numerous, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid; staminodes absent; carpels free, 1 to 15, ovary 1-3 mm long, stigma globose or lobed. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 6, 13-65 mm long, 8-40 mm in diameter, globose to oblong, apex acute or rounded or cuspidate; seeds biseriate, 1-15 mm long, 2-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. A genus of 13 species from West and Central Africa (no species yet known from East Africa); all species are present in Cameroon, six endemic, making it the center of diversity for this genus. Piptostigma and Brieya are the only Annonaceae genera in Cameroon with longer inner petals than outer. Piptostigma has spectacular inflorescences that are unique among Cameroonian Annonaceae. They appear complex, but are in fact simple and, the different inflorescence types are an important character to identify species. First, inflorescences appear to be "stalked “stalked”, that is they have a short woody peduncle at the based on the inflorescence structure and is probably the result of fallen old inflorescences. This peduncle is variable in length. Then follows the indeterminate part or sympodial rachis, which contains axial internodes variable in length. Different lengths between the internodes will lead to different overall aspects of the inflorescence. Following Ghogue et al. (2017) and Maas et al. (2003) we can distinguish three types: compact: internodes are shorter than 1 cm giving a very compact appearance to the inflorescence. lax or sub-lax: internodes are between 1 and 4 cm long, leading to more or less long inflorescences. This is found in most species. panicle-like: internodes between 5 and 10.5 cm long leading to long pendant inflorescences. We shall refer to these terms in the descriptions below and the key. Finally, we end up with the pedicel and flower per se. Taxonomy. Ghogue et al. (2017)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 277-278, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Ghogue, J-P, Sonke, B, Couvreur, TLP, 2017. Taxonomic revision of the African genera Brieya and Piptostigma (Annonaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 150: 173 - 216, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137","Maas, PJM, Westra, LYTH, Chatrou, LW, 2003. Duguetia. Flora Neotropica Monograph 88. New York Botanical Garden, New York, 1-275."]}

Xylopia hypolampra Mildbr., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, Append. 27: 18, 1913 Figs 144, 145; Map 17I = Xylopia brieyi De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État 4: 385, 1914. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kongo Central Province, Ganda-Sundi, de Briey J. 108, 8 Oct 1911: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 169: BR[BR 0000008824844]; isolectotypes: BR[BR0000008824790, BR 0000008824806, BR 0000008824813, BR 0000008824837]; US[US1270066]. Type. Cameroon. East Region; Lomié, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5183, 13 May 1911: lectotype, designated by Le Thomas (1969b), p. 181: HBG[HBG502479]. Description. Tree, 30-40 m tall, d.b.h. up to 80 cm; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to pubescent, with fine matted hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 5.7-7.5 cm long, 1.4-1.9 cm wide, lanceolate to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1.2 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, subcoriaceous, below densely silvery-sericeous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 18 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-4 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 3-6 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 3 to 4, evenly spaced, ca. 2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 25-28.7 mm long, 2.5-2.6 mm wide at base, linear, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, yellow to light green, pubescent with base glabrous to sericeous outside, pubescent and glabrous towards base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 16-31 mm long, 1.9-2.5 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow to light green, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens ca. 100, in 7 to 8 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous, red; carpels 7 to 12, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigmas connivent, sometimes free at tips, filiform, 1.6-2.5 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps sessile; monocarps 6 to 8, 26-41 mm long, 11-22 mm wide, obovoid, ellipsoid or oblongoid, becoming slightly ridged and sunken between the ridges when dried, apex rounded, glabrous, greenish brown, flecked with pale brown lenticels outside, endocarp pink-red; seeds up to 10 per monocarp, in two rows, 7-11 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta greenish white in vivo; aril absent. Distribution. Central Cameroon to southwestern Central African Republic and south to southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species, in lowland or submontane evergreen or semi-deciduous rain forest, sometimes along forest edges, and in gallery forest. Altitude 400-900 m. a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. abiès (Bulu, de Wilde 7963), odjobi (Foury 101); moley, munjié, monjié, sangé, sangi (Bibaya); nom akwi, mvomba (Yaoundé). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019f). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia hypolampra is easily distinguished from other species of Xylopia by its narrow, lanceolate to elliptic leaves that are distinctly silvery-sericeous below. The flower pedicels are short, the flowers appearing sessile in the leaf axils. The monocarps are sessile and when fresh are brown with pale brown lenticels. At maturity the monocarps open along 3 lines, and reflex strongly, showing the seeds covered with a greenish white sarcotesta on a red endocarp. Hornbills and monkeys feed on the fruits and seeds; at the Dja Faunal Reserve site in Cameroon Ceratogymna hornbills were particularly effective in extending the seed shadow for individual trees (Holbrook and Smith 2000). Specimens examined. Central Region: Mefou proposed national park near Mefou town, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 08 March 2004, Cheek M. 11487 (K,YA); Méfou National Park just after Ape Action Africa center along road, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 24 April 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 420 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 1 km after reserve base near small loggers road, 3.66°N, 11.28°E, 25 June 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 450 (WAG,YA); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 101 (OWU,P); Banlieu de Yaoundé sur une piste après la borne 9, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 26 November 1959, Mpom B. 362 (P,YA). East Region: 74 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.16°N, 14.71°E, 04 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1198 (MPU,WAG,YA); A 30 km au NE de Bange (km 75 route Yokadouma-Moloundou), 3.02°N, 15.12°E, 25 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5139 (P,YA); entre Bidjum et Dscha-Posten, 3.15°N, 13.61°E, 13 May 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5183 (HBG); Deng Deng, 5.2°N, 13.52°E, 01 January 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 8827 (BM,K). South Region: 21 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.33°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 467 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 13 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 694 (WAG,YA); 17 km on the road from Ebolowa to Minkok, 2.81°N, 11.13°E, 06 February 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7963 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Bipindi - Ebolowa, 3.00°N, 10.92°E, 01 December 1913, Mildbraed G.W.J. 7618 (B,K); Mvie (Akom II), 2.88°N, 10.58°E, 28 January 1998, van der Burgt X.M. 364 (P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 460-463, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Holbrook, KM, Smith, TB, 2000. Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of Ceratogymna hornbills in a West African tropical lowland forest. Oecologia 125: 249 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000445"]}

Monanthotaxis dielsiana (Engl.) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14, 2017 Map 7B ≡ Unona dielsiana Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(3-4): 476, 1907. Oxymitra dielsiana (Engl.) Sprague & Hutch.Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 156, 1916; Richella dielsiana (Engl.) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia dielsiana (Engl.) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2473, Dec 1901: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 147: B[B100154098]; isolectotypes: B[B100154096, B100154097, B100154099]; BM[BM001125043]; BR[BR000008801388]; COI[COI00071518]; E; G[G00308364]; GOET[GOET005688, GOET005689]; HBG[HBG502481]; K[K000198948]; KFTA[KFTA 0001554, KFTA 0001555]; L[L 0182291]; M[M-0240178]; P[P00363342, P00363343, P01988326]; S[S07-13404]; WAG[WAG0057970]; WU[WU 0025876]. Description. Liana, height unknown, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with orange-brown hairs ca. 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 6-11 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10.5-21.5 cm long, 3.5-4 cm wide, narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-2.5 cm long, base subcordate, subcoriaceous to membranous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 14 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence, pedicel 15-27 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 15-30 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, pubescent; basal bract ca. 4 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bract ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 10-15 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 8 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens ca. 65, in 3 rows, ca. 0.5 mm long, cylindrical; connective rounded, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 41, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; monocarps ca. 6, ca. 45 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid to cylindrical, apex rounded, densely pubescent, rugulose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, brown when unripe; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter, subcylindrical; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the Central and South regions. Habitat. A rare species, known from two collections; in primary rain forests. Altitude 0-200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered (CR) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis dielsiana is distinguished by its dense yellow to orange-brown appressed pubescence on the young foliate branches, and flowers with around 65 stamens. It resembles M. enghiana and M. glaucifolia by the overall morphology of the flowers and leaves, but M. enghiana has longer erect hairs and M. glaucifolia has denser light-brown appressed hairs; in addition, M. enghiana and M. glaucifolia have many more stamens (more than 90). Specimens examined. Central Region: 60 km SW of Eséka S of Nyong R 12 km W of Songbong, 3.47°N, 10.5°E, 10 March 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 5088 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South Region: Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1902, Zenker G.A. 2473 (L,P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 188-191, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Annickia letestui (Le Thomas) Setten & Maas, Taxon 39(4): 676, 1990 Fig. 6; Map 1D ≡ Enantia letestui Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 2: 306, 1962. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo, Ikembélé, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 8432, Oct 1930: lectotype, here designated: P[P00267987]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000547036]; BR[BR0000006418700]; P[P00362651, P02005895, P02005896]. Description. Tree, 2-8 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent, slash yellow. Indumentum of simple, bifid, fasciculate or stellate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 3-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose to sparsely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10-29.5 cm long, 3.5-10.5 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate to mucronate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base cuneate to rounded to acuminate, subcoriaceous, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old, hairs simple, bifid and stellate pointing in all directions, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 13 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation intermediate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-14 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit ca. 10 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-9 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals absent; inner petals 3, valvate, 12-26 mm long, 7-12 mm wide, ovate to inversely Y-shaped ridged, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow-green, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent towards margins inside; stamens 60 to 125, in 5 to 6 rows, ca. 2 mm long, linear; connective flattened, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 35, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma lobed, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 8-19 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; monocarps 8 to 20, 19-25 mm long, 10-14 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex mucronate, glabrous, smooth, glossy, green turning red to black when ripe; seeds ca. 20 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon, and one collection in northern Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from the South region. Habitat. A rare species; in lowland rain forests, mainly in primary habitats. Altitude 300-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. M’Fo, Mofo, Mpuley (dial. Mab Kwasio, van Andel 4216); N’jie (Dials. Duala, Punu, Bos 4962). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019c). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Annickia letestui is characterized by having tomentose young foliate branches and petioles, the lower side of the leaf blades are pubescent with appressed or erect hairs that are simple, bifid, fasciculate or stellate, pointing in all directions. Versteegh and Sosef (2007) note that the indumentum is quite variable within this species, even within individuals, varying from short and appressed to erect and longer hairs. Vernacular names are likely to apply to other species of the genus. Specimens examined. South Region: 15 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.00°N, 10.02°E, 01 July 1969, Bos J.J. 4962 (MO,WAG); Mendoum, 2.22°N, 11.23°E, 13 February 1965, Raynal J. 13392 (P); Campo-Ma’an area Bifa, 2.67°N, 10.28°E, 13 October 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. BIFAX_150 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area 2.73°N, 9.873°E, 16 August 2001, van Andel T.R. 3882 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area near Boussebeliga creek bridge, 2.37°N, 9.822°E, 26 October 2001, van Andel T.R. 4216 (WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019c. Annickia letestui. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132513323A132513614. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132513323A132513614.en","Versteegh, PC, Sosef, MSM, 2007. Revision of the African genus Annickia (Annonaceae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 77 (1): 91 - 118, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20649730"]}

Xylopia L., Systema Naturae ed. 10, 2: 1250, 1759 = Xylopicrum P. Browne; Hist. Jamaic. 250-251 + t. 5, fig. 2, 1756; Xylopicron, orth. mut., Adanson; Fam. 2: 365, 1763; Unona Linnaeus f., Suppl. pl. 270. Apr 1782; Bulliarda Necker, Elem. bot. 2: 321. 1790, nom. superfl., non Candolle, 1801; Krockeria Necker, Elem. bot. 2: 317-318. 1790; Coelocline A. de Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 208-209. 1832; Habzelia Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 123. 1855, non A. DC.; Parartabotrys Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 374. 1861 ['1860 ‘1860’]; Pseudanona (Baillon) Safford, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 17. 1913, as " Pseudannona." Description. Trees or shrubs, 2-50 m tall, d.b.h. up to 90 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent or present. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 1-12 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; blade 3.6-21.3 cm long, 1.2-8.4 cm wide, lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex acuminate or acute or obtuse or cuspidate, acumen 0.2-2.1 cm long, base rounded, cordate, cuneate, obtuse, or truncate; midrib sunken or flat above, rarely slightly raised; secondary veins 7 to 20 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, plants ramiflorous on young foliate or older leafless branches, rarely cauliflorous, 1-32-flowered; pedicel 1-12 mm long; in fruit 1-30 mm long; bracts 1-6, basal or inserted along the pedicel. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls; sepals 3, valvate, free or basally fused, 1-7 mm long, apex acute or acuminate or rounded or apiculate, base truncate; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 5.8-64 mm long, 1.2-6 mm wide, linear, lanceolate, ligulate-lanceolate, or ovate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, base broad and concave; inner petals 3, valvate, 3.5-48 mm long, 1-5.4 mm wide, linear, ovate, oblong, rhombic, or lanceolate, apex acute, obtuse, or acuminate, base broad and concave,; stamens 40-300, 1-2 mm long, oblong or clavate; connective apex capitate, shieldlike, or conical, filaments connate at base to form a cone surrounding the carpels, or staminal cone absent; staminodes present, in one outer and one inner whorl, the inner whorl absent in X. aurantiiodora, X. mildbraedii, and X. quintasii; carpels free, 3 to 50, 1-3 mm long, stigma filiform, cylindrical, oblong, linear-falcate or ellipsoid. Monocarps dehiscent, stipitate, subsessile, or sessile; monocarps 1 to 36, 19-98 mm long, 6-40 mm wide, narrowly oblong to oblong, sometimes falciform, torulose, or moniliform, apex acute, rounded or mucronate; seeds 5-22 mm long, 3-17 mm wide, ellipsoid to oblong, somewhat flattened, seed coat with a fleshy outer layer (sarcotesta) and hard inner layer, or sarcotesta absent; aril absent or present. Type species. Xylopia muricata L. (a West Indian species). A genus of nearly 200 species trees and shrubs, the genus with a pantropical distribution. In Cameroon there are 22 species, comprising over 13% of the Annonaceae flora for the country, but no species is endemic to the country. The dehiscent monocarps of Xylopia are unique among the Annonaceae genera found in Cameroon. Xylopia flamignii Boutique was reported for Cameroon by Onana (2013), but the voucher specimen (Harris 3680B) has been re-identified as X. cupularis. Xylopia flamignii reaches its northern limit in southeastern Gabon and central Republic of the Congo (Johnson and Murray 2018). Taxonomy. Johnson and Murray (2018)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 441-442, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Onana, JM, 2013. Synopsis des especes vegetales vasculaires endemiques et rares du Cameroun - Check Liste pour la gestion durable et la conservation de la biodiversite. Flore du Cameroun 40. Herbier National du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon","Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975"]}

Isolona hexaloba (Pierre) Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu 3(2): 161, 1897 Figs 37, 38; Map 5D ≡ Monodora hexaloba Pierre, Fig. Herb. L. Pierre, del. E. Delpy 5/1896, 1896. = Isolona bruneelii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. ser. 5, 3(1): 82, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Dikila, Bruneel A.C.E. s.n., Dec 1906: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008800152]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008799692, BR0000008799364, BR0000008799302]; S[S10-20956]. = Isolona seretii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. ser. 5, 3[1]: 82, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, near Nala, Seret F. 792, Mar 1907: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008800992]; isotype: BR[BR0000008801326]. = Isolona solheidii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3: 83, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, surroundings of Yambuya, Solheid A.F. s.n., 1906: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008799395]; isotype: BR[BR0000008799722]. = Isolona seretii var. grandifolia De Wild., Ét. Fl. Bang. Ub.: 313, 1911. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Mobwasa, Claessens J. 615, Apr 1910: holotype: BR. = Isolona pleurocarpa subsp. nigerica Keay, Kew Bull. 7: 157, 1952. Type. Nigeria. Ijebu State, Shasha Forest Reserve, Richards P.W. 3343, 8 Apr 1935: holotype: BM[BM000546386]; isotypes: BR[BR0000014130090]; G[G00011543, G00011544]; MO[MO-2246487]; S[S10-20983]. Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Environs de Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 360, 17 Feb 1896: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00363270]; isotypes: B; K[K00198842]; P[P00363269, P00363268]; WAG[WAG0251603]. Description. Tree to shrub, 15-30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 50 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, trunk deeply fluted. Indumentum absent; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-28 cm long, 3-11 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base obtuse to acute, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 7-30 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 20-29 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 3 to 5, several basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bracts ca. 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; upper bract 2-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-3 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 4-10 mm long, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, equal; lobes 6-25 mm long, 4-12 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute to rounded, dark red, margins flat to wavy, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, spreading horizontally; stamens numerous, in 3 to 4 rows, 2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, green; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, ca. 1 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, glabrous. Fruit syncarpous, sessile, 30-70 mm long, 25-40 mm in diameter, ovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, bumpy, irregularly and transversely ribbed, light green to dark purple when ripe; seeds not counted, 8-15 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species from Nigeria to the Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola (one specimen); in Cameroon known from Adamaoua, East, South, Central, Littoral and South-West, North-West regions. Habitat. A relatively rare species in Cameroon; in lowland primary and secondary evergreen forests, but also in semi-deciduous forests, also along rivers. Altitude 0-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019t). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Isolona hexaloba is distinguished by the short and grooved petiole with the leaf blade inserted on its sides. The corolla lobes are coriaceous and can be quite variable in shape, ranging from elliptic to obovate, with a narrowed base. It is a polymorphic species and has been described under several names, now all reduced to synonymy (Couvreur 2009). Isolona hexaloba resembles I. cooperi by the shape of the corolla lobes, but is distinguished by the insertion of the leaf blade on the side a short petiole and lacks the strong sweet smell. Isolona hexaloba is also similar to I. pleurocarpa, but the later can be distinguished by its decurrent to narrowly cuneate leaf bases, longer petioles, and papyraceous corolla lobes. Specimens examined. Central Region: Tibati près Mbatimbang, 6.14°N, 12.48°E, 04 December 1959, Letouzey R. 2392 (P,YA). East Region: A 25 km environ à l’ENE de Mikel village situé à 85 km au N de Moloundou sur la route de Yokadouma 2.93°N, 15.33°E, 24 February 1971, Letouzey R. 10419 (P,WAG,YA); A 14 km à l’Ouest de Yenga Port Gentil village situé à 35 km au NNE de Moloundou, 2.35°N, 15.35°E, 21 April 1971, Letouzey R. 10703 (BR,COI,K,P,WAG,YA); A 20 km au Sud de Mboy I (45 km à l’Est de Yokadouma), 3.38°N, 15.13°E, 16 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5072 (K,P,WAG,YA). Littoral Region: Douala (route Razel), 4.05°N, 9.71°E, 01 January 1955, Endengle E. SRFK 2121 (P,YA); Roue forestière SNCB (km 36 vers Ndoksom) environ 25 km Sud Yabassi, 4.31°N, 9.958°E, 11 May 1976, Letouzey R. 14910 (C,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Tissongo, 3.58°N, 9.9°E, 01 August 1976, McKey D.B. 245 (K). South Region: ca 15 km east from Lélé village, 2.28°N, 13.32°E, 10 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 495 (WAG,YA); near Bipaga II km 40 road Kribi-Edéa, 3.15°N, 10.01°E, 30 December 1982, de Kruif A.P.M. 998 (MO,WAG,YA); 17 km S of the Lobe river along the road to Campo, 2.81°N, 10.13°E, 18 March 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 8088 (BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); A l’Ouest d’Alati (100 km SE de Djoum), 2.2°N, 13.42°E, 13 January 1973, Letouzey R. 11840 (K,P,YA); 22 km on road Kribi to Campo 12 km past Gross Batanga, 2.76°N, 9.881°E, 24 February 1994, Wieringa J.J. 2327 (MPU,U,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 November 1901, Zenker G.A. s.n. (P). South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.783°E, 31 October 2005, van der Burgt X.M. 791 (BR,G,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). West Region: Bali- Ngemba FR, 5.81°N, 10.08°E, 13 April 2002, Onana J.M. 2030 (K,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 141-144, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019t. Isolona hexaloba. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132677050A132678224. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132677050A132678224.en","Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Artabotrys insignis Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 483, 1907 Fig. 11; Map 2E = Artabotrys malchairi De Wild., Etudes Fl. Bangala & Ubangi: 312, 1911. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, Environ de Likimi, Malchair L. 282, 20 Apr 1910: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000014480478]; isotype: BR[BR0000014480461]. = Artabotrys insignis var. latifolius Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 256, 1947. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo, région de Lastoursville, Moughimba, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 8474; 27 Oct 1930: lectotype, here designated: P[P01954179]; isolectotype: BM[BM000546856]. = Artabotrys lucidus A. Chev.; Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Franc., 1: 9, 1920, nom. nud. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2801, 1904: lectotype, sheet here designated: B[B 10 0153021]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153022]; COI[COI00004928]; GOET[GOET005674]; HBG[HBG502547]; K[K000198855]; MO[MO-216862]; P[P00363364]; S[S-G-7465]; WAG[WAG0053175]; WU[WU0025886]. Description. Liana, up to 10 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent with short appressed hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-20 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base acute, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, below sparsely pubescent to pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 9 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, leaf opposed, 1 to 3 per inflorescence, hook-shaped peduncle 16-25 mm long; pedicel 2-5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent with short appressed hairs; in fruit 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2(?), all basal, basal bracts not seen; sepals 3, valvate, free, 10-15 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green turning light reddish, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 30-35 mm long, 7-12 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base attenuate (rounded), green, margins flat but recurved outwards in vivo, pubescent to densely pubescent outside, pubescent to sparsely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-25 mm long, 2-6 mm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acute, base broad and concave, margins flat, but recurved outwards in vivo, densely pubescent to pubescent outside, pubescent to sparsely pubescent inside; stamens numerous, number of rows not seen, 2 mm long, cuneiform; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 17, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma cylindrical, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 7 to 9, 20-25 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex long apiculate and slightly curved, glabrous, smooth, not ribbed; red when ripe, seeds 2 per monocarp, 8-11 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A west and central African species, from Sierra Leone to Benin and from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from Central, East, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly common species in Cameroon, in secondary rain forests a long fringes of forests, in swampy regions too. Altitude 100-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Artabotrys insignis var. insignis is distinguished by its overall relatively glabrous branches and petioles, long (> 10 cm) elliptic leaves with an acute leaf base (more rarely rounded), long (10-15 mm) triangular sepals, long and wide petals, and glabrous smooth fruits with a distinctive long curved apicule. Specimens examined. Central Region: Route Ndanan I-Ndangan I, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 10 March 2004, Cheek M. 11641 (K,YA); Yangafok II 25 km ENE de Bafia, 4.93°N, 11.37°E, 26 November 1969, Letouzey R. 9607 (P,YA). East Region: 82 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.73°E, 06 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1214 (MPU,WAG,YA). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.46°N, 10.35°E, 14 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 710 (WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.73°E, 25 February 1997, Elad M. 580 (KRIBI,WAG); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.71°E, 26 February 1997, Parren M.P.E. 4 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2801 (B,BR,K,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1907, Zenker G.A. 3320 (P). South-West Region: Mount Cameroon National Park on the Bomona trail behind Bomona village 10 km NW from Idenau, 4.29°N, 9.096°E, 03 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1044 (MPU,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.28°N, 9.083°E, 03 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7578 (MO,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Meiocarpidium Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 54, 1900 Type species. Meiocarpidium oliverianum (Baillon) D.M.Johnson & N.A.Murray Description. Same as species. A monotypic genus from the Central Atlantic African region (Lower Guinea). Meiocarpidium is characterized by the presence of peltate scale-like hairs, a character unique among Central African Annonaceae. Taxonomy. Le Thomas (1969b)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 159-160, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Sirdavidia Couvreur & Sauquet, PhytoKeys 46: 4, 2015. Type species. Sirdavidia solannona Couvreur & Sauquet. Description. Same as species. Taxonomy. Couvreur et al. (2015)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 317, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, Sonke, B, Niangadouma, R, Sauquet, H, 2015. Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon. PhytoKeys 46: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.8937"]}

Monanthotaxis bokoli (De Wild. & T. Durand) Verdc., Kew Bull. 25(1): 24, 1971 Fig. 46; Map 6E ≡ Xylopia bokoli De Wild. & T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 2, 1(2.1): 2, 1900; Popowia bokoli (De Wild. & T. Durand) Boutique, Fl. Congo Belge & Ruanda-Urundi 2: 349, 1951. = Popowia iboundjiensis Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 96: 212, 1950. Type. Gabon. Ngounié, Ndingui (Mullerville), Le Testu G.M.P.C. 5729, 11 nov 1925: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 134: P[P00362791]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000553827]; LISC[LISC000388]; P[P00362789, P00362790]. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. no region; no location, Dewèvre A.P. 785 , no date: lectotype, sheet designated in Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 133: BR[BR0000024941433]; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000008804020, BR0000008804358]. Description. Shrub to liana, 6 m tall, d.b.h unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent with lenticels, young foliate branches densely pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs 0.4-1.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-6 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 4.5-12.5 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex obtuse, base subcordate, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 11 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 11-24 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; in fruit 12-22 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; basal bracts when present 1-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract 1-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 3-4 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 15-19 mm long, 8.4-11.8 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 13 mm long, 4.5-5.5 mm wide, linear to elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous but pubescent towards margins inside; stamens 24 to 32, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, obovate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 27 to 38, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 7-25 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 25, 26-65 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, moniliform, cylindrical, apex rounded to apiculate, glabrous, verrucose to weakly torulose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, yellow turning orange when ripe; seeds 1 to 4 per monocarp, 14-21 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, subcylindrical; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from Cameroon to Gabon, and the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Adamaoua, East and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon but with a wide distribution; in swamp forests, gallery forests, premontane primary and secondary rain forests. Altitude: 600-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Monanthotaxis bokoli is distinguished by its dense erect reddish brown hairs on the branches and leaves, large flowers, almost glabrous inner petals inside and monocarps with long stipes and subcylindrical seeds. In pubescence M. bokoli resembles M. ferruginea. Specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: rocher conglomératique de Mbalarzi dans la vallée de la Mbere (65 km NE de Meiganga), 7°N, 14.51°E, 16 October 1963, Letouzey R. 6195 (P). East Region: km 17 of Bétaré Oya-Meiganga road 5 km SE of Ndokayo, 5.55°N, 14.1°E, 03 February 1966, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 7716 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Kongolo, 5.4°N, 14.03°E, 01 April 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 9010 (K). South-West Region: Piste Akwaya-Mamfe près Makomono 7 km S Akwaya, 6.31°N, 9.557°E, 25 July 1975, Letouzey R. 14081 (MO,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 172-174, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Xylopia quintasii Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 62, 1901 Fig. 150; Map 18I = Xylopia striata Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 160, 1904. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2663, Jan 1903: lectotype, here designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 68: B[B100153156]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000511005, right hand portion of sheet]; K[K001096587]; P[P00169150, P00169151]. = Xylopia lanepoolei Sprague & Hutch., Kew Bull. Misc. Inform.: 160, 1916. Type. Sierra Leone. Western Area, Headquarters District, Heddles Farm, Lane-Poole C.E. 210, Apr 1914: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 69: K[K000380211]; isolectotype: K[spirit collection 15057.00]. = Polyalthia mayumbensis Exell, J. Bot. Suppl. 4: 64, 1926. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Buco Zau, Mayumbe, Gossweiler J. 6845, 28 Nov 1916: holotype: BM[BM 000511084]; isotype: COI[COI 00004887]. Type. Sao Tome and Principe. Insel St. Thomé, bei Angolares, Quintas F. 3, Jan 1886: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 68: K[K000199059]; isolectotype: COI[COI00004887]. Description. Tree, 10-42 m tall, d.b.h. up to 75 cm; buttresses present, narrow and thin. Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-7 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 6-11.9 cm long, 2.6-5.5 cm wide, obovate to oblanceolate, occasionally elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.2-0.6 cm long, base cuneate and decurrent, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolourous, often tan-colored below; midrib sunken, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 7 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate or old leafless branches, axillary, peduncle sometimes present, 2.6-2.8 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 7 per inflorescence; pedicel 7-9 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 8-19 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts (2)3(4), evenly spaced, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free to basally fused, ca. 2 mm long, 2-1 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 8-15 mm long, 1.8-2.8 mm wide at base, ligulate, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, cream to light green, pubescent outside, pubescent and glabrous towards the base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 7.1-13.2 mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm wide, linear, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, lacking an internal tooth overhanging the concavity, with fleshy glandlike margins, cream to light green, pubescent outside, pubescent but glabrous towards the base inside; stamens 50 to 80, in 3 to 4 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex conical, glabrous; carpels 3 to 5, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigmas separate, clavate, ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 7-11 mm long, 2-4 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 4, 35-64 mm long, 7-10 mm wide, narrowly oblongoid, apex with a beak 1.5-4 mm long, glabrous, obliquely striate, occasionally verrucose when dried, slightly constricted around seeds, green outside tinged with brown, endocarp green; seeds 3(5) monocarp, in a single row, 10-13 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta absent; aril present, fimbriate, extending over the length of the seed, membranous, red to deep orange. Distribution. A widespread species in West and Central Africa, from Sierra Leone to northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and south to northern Angola, also on the island of São Tomé; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central, Littoral, South-West and West regions. Habitat. A locally common species in primary lowland rain forest on a variety of soils, occasionally in secondary forest or rarely in inundated forest. Altitude: 0-200(680) m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. mbonba (Yaoundé, Letouzey 5510), munjié, monjié, sangé, sangi (Bibaya); nom akwi; muomba (Yaoundé, de Wilde 1320), mvǔ’ma (Fang, Tessmann 760; Tessmann 1913), mwomba. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019g). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. The short blunt petals and fimbriate orange aril of Xylopia quintasii are shared with X. aurantiiodora. Xylopia quintasii, however,is typically a tall tree of uplands,with a straight bole and compact crown with crowded horizontal branches, while X. aurantiiodora is a shrub or small tree of riverine habitats, reaching eventually a height of up to 10 meters. It also lacks the tooth on the inner petal found in X. aurantiiodora. The new leaf flush in X. quintasii is red or purple, in contrast to the white leaf flush in X. congolensis De Wild., a similar species not yet known from Cameroon. Monkeys of several species have been reported as dispersers of the seeds of X. quintasii (summarized in Johnson and Murray 2018). Selected specimens examined. Central Region: Chantier forestier au sud de Song Bon (SE d’Eseka), 3.42°N, 10.49°E, 08 December 1967, Bamps P.R.J. 1376 (P,YA); Ca 5O km NW of Eseka W of Yaoundé on opposite of the Kele River, 3.65°N, 10.78°E, 23 November 1963, de Wilde J.J.F.E 1320 (BR,K,P,WAG,YA); ca 50 km NW of Eséka W of Yaoundé on opposite [side?] of the Kelè-river, 3.75°N, 10.61°E, 01 November 1963, de Wilde W.J.J.O 1320 (K,P,WAG); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 36 (P); M´balmayo, 3.52°N, 11.5°E, 28 October 1959, Mpom B. 353 (P,YA). East Region: 28 km SW of Bertoua near Toungrélo, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 12 January 1961, Breteler F.J. 2398 (A,BR,G,K,M,P,SL,U,UC,WAG,YA); A 26 km au SSW de Koso (village situé à 60 km au SSW de Batouri), 3.93°N, 14.17°E, 27 July 1963, Letouzey R. 5510 (K,P,YA); Moloundou, 2.05°N, 15.17°E, 06 December 1910, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4003 (P); south of Sanaga between Yaoundé and Deng Deng, between the union of the Lom (Sanaga) and Djerem rivers about, 125 km NE of Yaoundé, 5.33°N, 13.4°E, 01 February 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 8294 (K). South Region: Bipindi, 3.26°N, 10.20°E, 23 June 1918, Annet E. 319 (P); 22 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.05°N, 10.05°E, 09 June 1969, Bos J.J. 4773 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,POZG,WAG,YA); 28 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.29°E, 09 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 483 (WAG,YA); ca 15 km east from Lélé village, 2.29°N, 13.33°E, 10 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 500 (WAG,YA); Hill facing the village of N’koladom, 2.80°N, 11.16°E, 03 January 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7871 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Hill roughly between Nkolandom and Nkoemvone, 2.8°N, 11.15°E, 09 January 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7889 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); TDC Sud Cameroun, 2.65°N, 9.9°E, 14 November 1991, Hallé F. 4240 (WAG); Bipindi - Ebolowa, 3.00°N, 10.92°E, 01 December 1913, Mildbraed G.W.J. 7613 (K); [Locality not legible- but should be Bedai], 2.17°N, 11.12°E, December 1908 [?], Tessmann G. 760 (K); Campo-Ma’an area 2.56°N, 9.833°E, 16 April 2001, van Andel T.R. 3345 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1900, Zenker G.A. 2080 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1914, Zenker G.A. 2094 (B,GH,M,MO,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1903, Zenker G.A. 2655 (L,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1903, Zenker G.A. 2663 (P); Mimfia, 3.06°N, 10.38°E, 01 June 1913, Zenker G.A. 359 (P,U); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 October 1913, Zenker G.A. 408 (P,U); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1911, Zenker G.A. 4096 (L,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 4738 (L,P); Mimfia, 3.06°N, 10.38°E, 01 May 1914, Zenker G.A. 580 (P,U). South-West Region: forest near Ngusi village north of Nyassosso, 4.88°N, 9.7°E, 26 April 1986, Etuge M. 56 (B,K,MO,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.02°N, 8.8°E, 01 January 1998, Kenfack D. 1187 (MO); mile 12 Mamfe road between Kumba and Badu 4.75°N, 9.48°E, 01 October 1986, Nemba J. 293 (MO,P,WAG). West Region: Piste Santchou-Bale 18 km SSW de Dschang, 5.26°N, 10.04°E, 26 November 1974, Letouzey R. 13327 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 480-483, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Tessmann, G, 1913. Die Pangwe; voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes; Ergebnisse der Luebecker Pangwe-expedition 1907-1909 und frueherer Forschungen 1904-1907. Berlin, E. Wasmuth, A.-G., DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/sil.120925.39088000008037"]}

Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels, Kew Bull. 25(1): 26, 1971 Map 7E ≡ Unona ferruginea Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 35, 1868. Popowia ferruginea (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels: Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 46, 1901. = Unona eminii Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179, 1895. Syntypes: Stuhlmann F.L. 1556, n.v., Stuhlmann F.L. 4022, n.v. = Popowia djumaensis De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3[1]: 76, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bandundu, vallée de la Dju Gillet J. 2803, Jul. 1907: holotype: BR[BR0000008803160, BR0000008803962]. Type. Angola. Cuanza Norte; Golungo Alto, Welwitsch F.M.J. 761, Jul 1855: lectotype, designated by Paiva (1966), p. 41: LISU[LISU206061]; isolectotypes: B[B100153029]; BM[BM000553834, BM000553835]; BR[BR0000008805324]; COI[COI00004905]; G[G00308369]; K[K000198968]; LISU[LISU206062]; P[P00362602]. Description. Shrub to liana, 3-6 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense erect reddish brown hairs 0.5-0.9 mm long. Leaves: petiole 4-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 3.6-17.2 cm long, 1.8-6.8 cm wide, obovate to oblong-elliptic, apex acute, base subcordate, papyraceous, below pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old; secondary veins 7 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed to extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 13-36 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 5-27 mm long, 1 mm in diameter; bracts 2, one basal, soon falling, and one upper towards the middle of pedicel or lower half of pedicel, basal bract not seen, upper bract 2-6 mm long, 1-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, 3 mm wide, ovate to semiorbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 5.8-6.7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, pale yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent towards the margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 3-5.4 mm long, 2.7-2.9 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, pale yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; stamens 22 to 25, in 3 rows, 1-2 mm long, obovate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 24, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma elongate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 3-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 17, 12-35 mm long, 6-9 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, glabrous, verrucose to weakly torulose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, orange to red when ripe; seeds 1 to 3(to 5) per monocarp, 7-8 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species in Central and East Africa, with a disjunct distribution between Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and western Democratic Republic of the Congo and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Ethiopia, and western Tanzania and Kenya; in Cameroon known from the East and South regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species in Cameroon, known from three collections to date; in gallery forests, lowland rain forest, brachystegia woodlands, forest edges, old secondary forests, montane forests and rocky plateaus. Altitude 300-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis ferruginea is distinguished by its pubescent branches, petioles and underside of leaf blades with dense erect reddish brown hairs, and its flowers with 22-25 stamens and glabrous carpels. In the vegetative state, it resembles M. bokoli, but M. ferruginea has acute leaf apices (for specimens in Cameroon and Gabon), while these are obtuse in M. bokoli. Specimens examined. East Region: Letta vers Bertoua, 4.55°N, 13.49°E, 07 February 1960, Letouzey R. 2955 (P,P,YA). South Region: 25 km on the road from N’Koemvone to Akoakas Akoakas rock, 2.71°N, 11.28°E, 18 July 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 8371 (BR,MO,P,WAG); Rocher d’Ako’Akas 25 km SE d’Ebolowa sur piste d’Evindissi, 2.43°N, 11.18°E, 04 February 1970, Letouzey R. 10007 (IFAN,MO,P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 196-197, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Paiva, JAR, 1966. Revisao das Annonaceae de Angola. Memorias Sociedade Broteriana 19: 5 - 128","Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Uvariopsis zenkeri Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 298, 1899 Figs 139, 140; Map 17A Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 1117, 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0153124]; isotypes: BM[BM000554075]; GOET[GOET005734]; HBG[HBG502515]; P[P00362604, P00362603]; K[K000199042]; M[M0107936]; S[S07-11029]; WU[WU0025790] Description. Shrub to tree, 2-7 m tall, d.b.h. 1.5-11 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-5.5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely to sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 11-15.8 cm long, 3.5-5.8 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex long acuminate, acumen 1-2.4 cm long, base acute to decurrent, papyraceous, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 6 to 13 pairs, glabrous above and below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual, monoecious; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, globose in bud, 1 per inflorescence, male and female inflorescences similar; pedicel 0 - 7 mm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit ca. 10 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1 to 2, all basal 1-4 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide; sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, 3-7 mm long, 4.5-7 mm wide, circular, apex obtuse, base truncate, brown, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals 4, basally fused, tube 1-4 mm long, 6-13 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, greenish-white, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; male flowers: stamens 100 to 150, in 10 to 12 rows, 0.5 mm long, broad; connective reduced or absent, glabrous, pinkish red; staminodes absent; female flowers: carpels free, 13 to 22, ovary 1.5-3 mm long, 1-1.5 wide, stigma coiled, densely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes ca. 1 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 3, ca. 37 mm long, ca. 17 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex rounded, tomentose, bumpy when dry, green when ripe; seeds 10 to 12 per monocarp, ca. 13 mm long, ca. 7 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the South, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. In lowland primary or old secondary rain forests. Altitude 0-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable (VU). (Texier and Stévart 2021b). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariopsis zenkeri closely resembles U. congensis. See notes under the latter species. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Forest proposed National Park Ebo Forest Research Station-Bekob, 4.36°N, 10.41°E, 27 October 2006, Osborne J. 200 (K). South Region: Bipindi, 3.26°N, 10.20°E, 20 June 1918, Annet E. 351 (P); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.34°E, 14 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 707 (WAG,YA); Efoulan, 2.74°N, 10.53°E, 25 April 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 2846 (KRIBI,WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Mamelles Massif, 2.56°N, 9.949°E, 23 April 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3252 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 1896, Zenker G.A. 1117 (K,L,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3045 (K,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3228 (L); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 March 1914, Zenker G.A. 515 (U,WAG). South-West Region: on trail leading to top of Mt Etinde after Ekonjo village, 4.06°N, 9.153°E, 01 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1027 (WAG,YA); on top of hill near Small Ekombe village 3 km after Kumba on road to Ekondo Titi town, 4.62°N, 9.374°E, 13 January 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 978 (WAG,YA); Mokoko Forest Reserve Dikome, 4.48°N, 9.033°E, 05 May 1994, Ekema S.N. 944 (K); Mount above Batoke, 4.08°N, 9.083°E, 24 April 1984, Thomas D.W. 3455 (BR,LBV,MO,P,WAG,YA); Takamanda Forest Reserve, 6.21°N, 9.433°E, 30 April 1987, Thomas D.W. 7372 (MO,P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 438-440, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Texier, N, Stevart, T, 2021b. Uvariopsis zenkeri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T133046133A133046192. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T133046133A133046192.en"]}

Polyceratocarpus Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 56, 1900 = Alphonseopsis Baker f., Cat. Pl. Oban: 2, 1913. Type species. Polyceratocarpus scheffleri Engler et Diels. Description. Trees, 5-12 m tall, d.b.h. up to 10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-8 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter, blade 9-34 cm long, 3-10 cm wide, oblong to obovate to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, base cuneate to rounded, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat or raised; secondary veins 9 to 17 pairs; tertiary venation intermediate to percurrent. Species unisexual and bisexual, androdioecious, inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate or old leafless branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; male and bisexual flowers similar; pedicel 5-10 mm long; in fruit 5-15 mm long; bract 1, basal, 2-3 mm long; sepals 3, valvate, basally or entirely fused, 1-4 mm long, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate; petals free, petals subequal or outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, valvate, 10-25 mm long, 5-9 mm wide, oblong to elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate; inner petals 3, valvate, 5-14 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, oblong or elliptic to obovate, apex acute, base truncate; stamens 90 to 200 (or numerous), in 7 to 20 rows, 1-6 mm long, linear or clavate; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 2 to 9, ovary 2-4 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous or pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 2 to 7, 20-110 mm long, 10-30 mm in diameter, oblong to obovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth or ribbed; seeds biseriate, 5-20 mm long, 3-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Taxonomy. no recent revision, but see Le Thomas (1969b) for the Gabonese species. A genus of ca. eight species; in Cameroon three species are reported, none endemic., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 309, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Xylopia pynaertii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. Sér. 5, 3(1): 79, 1909 Fig. 146; Map 18H Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur; Eala, Pynaert L.A.E.J. 567, 15 Oct 1906: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 201: BR[BR0000024941426]; isolectotypes: BR[BR 0000008825339, BR 0000008825346]. Description. Tree, up to 35 m tall, d.b.h. up to 40 cm; buttresses present, ca. 0.5 m tall, upper bark red, rough, scaly. Old branches glabrous, young branches pubescent, the hairs 0.4-1.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 1-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 3.6-8.7 cm long, 1.2-2.3 cm wide, lanceolate, ovate or elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, base cuneate, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous or occasionally concolorous; midrib sunken, above glabrous to pubescent when young, glabrous to pubescent when old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 13 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle ca. 1 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 3-24 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 2, evenly spaced, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally to ½ fused, forming a cup, 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 15.2-20.5 mm long, 2.4-3 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute to obtuse, base broad and concave, light yellow to white, sericeous outside, pubescent but glabrous towards the base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 12.3-16.8 mm long, 2.2-3.2 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, light yellow to white, pubescent with base glabrous on both sides; stamens ca. 140, in 4 to 5 rows, ca. 1 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 9 to 11, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigmas connivent, linear, 2.5-3.8 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, or stipitate with the stipe 2-8 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter; monocarps 4 to 8, 26-48 mm long, 13-18 mm wide, obovoid to oblongoid, apex rounded, glabrous, verrucose, wrinkled when dried, green outside, endocarp red; seeds 5 to 6 per monocarp, in two rows, 9-13 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, ellipsoid to flattened ellipsoid; sarcotesta white to grayish blue in vivo; aril absent. Distribution. Sparsely occurring from eastern Nigeria to the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from two collections in the South and Central regions. Habitat. A rare and little known species; in primary rain forest and semi-deciduous forests. Altitude 20-200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019b d). Uses in Cameroon. Materials: wood for weapons, tools (Tessmann 1913). Notes. Xylopia pynaertii is distinguished by the scaly bright reddish brown upper bark, the long dense hairs of the young branches and lower leaf surfaces, the relatively small leaves (3.6-8.7 cm long), and the short wide monocarps with seeds in two rows. Specimens examined. Central Region: Pont Kelle (20 km N d’Eséka), 3.65°N, 10.78°E, 09 December 1973, Letouzey R. 12317 (K,P,YA). South Region: Massif de Ngovayang village de Atog Boga, 3.15°N, 10.29°E, 30 August 2015, Droissart V. 2049 (BRLU,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 479-480, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019b. Annickia chlorantha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T60762300A60762303. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T60762300A60762303.en","Tessmann, G, 1913. Die Pangwe; voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes; Ergebnisse der Luebecker Pangwe-expedition 1907-1909 und frueherer Forschungen 1904-1907. Berlin, E. Wasmuth, A.-G., DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/sil.120925.39088000008037"]}

Xylopia mildbraedii Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 444, 1915 Fig. 148; Map 18D = Xylopia lastoursvillii Pellegr., Mém. Soc. Bot. France 1949: 71, 1950. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo, région de Lastoursville, Koulamotou, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 8742, 13 Apr 1931: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 188: P[P00169128]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000511051]; BR[BR0000008825308]; LISC[000404]; OWU; P[P00169129, P00169130]; WAG[WAG0247282, WAG0247283]. Type. Cameroon. South Region; 45 km west of Grand Batanga, Mildbraed G.W.J. 6055, 22 Jul 1911: holotype: B[B 10 0153148]; isotypes: HBG[HBG502478, HBG502477]. Description. Tree up to 9 m tall, rarely a shrub, d.b.h. up to 9 cm; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches glabrous, young branches pubescent with appressede hairs 0.1-0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, 1 mm wide, sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 9.5-17.5 cm long, 3.2-5.6 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, occasionally oblanceolate or lanceolate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.8-1.9 cm long, base cuneate, papyraceous, below pubescent when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous but sometimes concolorous; midrib sunken, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 12 to 20 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-9 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 5-7 mm long, 5-7 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 3 to 4, evenly spaced, 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 4-7 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 45-79 mm long, 3.6-5.5 mm wide at base, linear, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, cream, pubescent outside, pubescent towards base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 35-61 mm long, 4.9-5.4 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave with a tuft of long hairs at the apex of the concavity, cream, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens ca. 100, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, clavate to oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 10 to 11, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigmas connivent, linear, 4.5-6 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 9-15 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 14, 42-65 mm long, 13-15 mm wide, oblong, apex with a curved beak ca. 1 mm long, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, verrucose and wrinkled when dried, pale green to yellowish green outside, endocarp red to pink-red; seeds 5 to 9 per monocarp, in a single row, 13-14 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta greenish blue, greenish white, or gray; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon; in Cameroon known from the South and Littoral regions. Habitat. A rare and rarely collected species; in primary and older secondary rain forest Altitude 100-520 m. a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable (VU) (Cosiaux et al. 2019b a). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. The petal length of X. mildbraedii surpasses that of all other African Xylopia species. The species most resembles X. thomsonii in overall appearance, but differs in the hairs of the young twigs which are appressed and relatively short, the pronounced tuft of hairs on the inside of the inner petal base, and the distinctly larger seeds. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Forêt de Bakaka 3 km E of Eboné a village on km 11 Nkongsamba-Loum Road, 4.83°N, 9.9°E, 13 September 1971, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 8362 (BR,MO,P,WAG,YA). South Region: 20 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.03°N, 10.05°E, 09 June 1969, Bos J.J. 4772 (B,BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Bibabimvoto, 2.25°N, 10.09°E, 01 February 2000, Elad M. 1253 (KRIBI,WAG); Beson 45 km E Kribi, 2.79°N, 10.27°E, 22 July 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 6055 (B,HBG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 471-473, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019b. Annickia chlorantha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T60762300A60762303. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T60762300A60762303.en","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Artabotrys aurantiacus Engl. & Diels var. multiflorus Pellegr. ex Le Thomas, Adansonia, ser. 2, 5: 447, 1965 Fig. 11; Map 2B Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo; Lastoursville, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 7116, Mar 1929: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P02034091]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008820792, BR0000008809940, BR0000008809933]; IFAN[IFAN01625]; LISC[LISC000367]; P[P02034088]; K[K000198858]. Description. Differs from the type variety by the presence of numerous densely packed flowers (6-15 versus 1-4). Distribution. A central African species, from Cameroon to the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Artabotrys multiflorus variety is known from Cameroon and Gabon; in Cameroon known from the Central, East, Littoral, South-West and West regions. Habitat. A rare variety; in sub montane (sometimes lowland) secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude 700-1600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. The variety status is doubtful, but without further investigation, we shall follow Le Thomas (1969b). The main difference between the two varieties is the number of flowers per inflorescence (see above). Le Thomas (1969b) also mentions that var. Artabotrys thomsonii multiflorus has smaller flowers (smaller than 13 mm) and pedicels of 1 cm long. However, our measurements were not able to confirm these two latter differences. Specimens examined. Central Region: Près Yaoundé, 3.86°N, 11.45°E, 11 March 1981, Meijer D. 15033 (MO,WAG). West Region: Bali- Ngemba FR, 5.81°N, 10.08°E, 13 April 2002, Onana J.M. 2027 (K,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Isolona dewevrei (De Wild. & T. Durand) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 83, 1901 Fig. 36; Map 5C ≡ Monodora dewevrei De Wild. & T. Durand, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg., Compt. Rend. 38: 11, 1899. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bas Congo; Lemba-Luki, Dewèvre A.P. 365 , no date: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008801050]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008799968, BR0000008800725, BR0000008799630]. Description. Tree to shrub, 8-15 m tall, d.b.h. 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4-15 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-17 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate, papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 14 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-7 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit 9-10 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 3 to 5, several basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bracts 1 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; upper bract 1 mm long, 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 3-4 mm long, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, equal; lobes 7-17 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, green, margins flat, overall glabrous but pubescent towards margins outside and inside; margins curved outwards; stamens ca. 50, in 3 to 4 rows, 2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, ca. 1 mm long, stigma capitate, glabrous. Fruit syncarpous, sessile, 60-70 mm long, 40-50 mm in diameter, ovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, not ribbed, green when ripe; seeds not counted, 10-20 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species, but with few overall specimens, from Liberia to Nigeria, and from Cameroon to Democratic Republic of Congo; in Cameroon in the South and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon known from two specimens; in lowland primary and secondary forests. Altitude 0-860 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019s). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Isolona dewevrei resembles I. thonneri in leaf and fruit shape, but the former can be distinguished by its elliptic and shorter corolla lobes with hairy margins and its flowering pedicel sparsely covered with short hairs. It is, however, very hard to distinguish both species apart based on fruit or vegetative characters alone. Specimens examined. South Region: Ngongondje hill near Akonetye 2 30'S of Ebolowa, 2.5°N, 11.13°E, 28 August 1979, Koufani A. 123 (P,YA). South-West Region: Piste Munkep-Gayama 40 km NNW Wum, 6.73°N, 9.95°E, 08 July 1975, Letouzey R. 13984 (K,MO,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 139-141, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019s. Isolona dewevrei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T32737A132677388. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T32737A132677388.en"]}

Artabotrys jacquesfelicis Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 97: 15, 1950 Fig. 15; Map 2G = Artabotrys robustus Louis ex Boutique Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat Brux. 21: 107, 1950. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Yangambi, Louis J.L.P. 6077, 16 Sep 1937: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820686]; isotypes: BR[BR000000882072]; K[K000795930]; NY[NY00025831]; P[P00363357]. Type. Cameroon. Central Region; Nkidi forest, Jacques-Félix H. 2490 , Nov 1938: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00363361]; isotypes: K; P[P00363359, P00363362]. Description. Liana, height unknown, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4-7 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 8-13 cm long, 3-14 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acute, acumen ca. 0.5 cm long, base decurrent to acute, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, shiny when dried, concolorous; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 3 to 6 per inflorescence, hook-shaped peduncle 15-20 mm long; pedicel 10-25 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 20-30 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1 to 2, all basal, basal bracts ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 20-35 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, linear to narrowly ovate, apex rounded, base broad and concave, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-25 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, linear, apex rounded, base broad and concave, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 50 to 70, in 3 to 4 rows, 2-3 mm long, oblong; connective discoid, pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 3 to 4, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 5-10 mm, ca. 6 mm in diameter, 1 to 4 monocarps, 20-40 mm long, 10-20 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex rounded, glabrous, warty to verrucose, faintly ribbed, color when ripe unknown; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, 20-25 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, only known from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Central and South regions. Habitat. A rare species across its range, in primary lowland rain forests. Altitude 500-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Artabotrys jacquesfelicis is distinguished by its entirely glabrous branches, petioles and leaves that are shiny above in herbarium material, narrowly ellipsoid flower buds, petals with a large concave base abruptly narrowing into an upper linear section, and ellipsoid monocarps with a warty to verrucose surface. In Cameroon, this species is only known from three old collections. Specimens examined. South Region: River Ja Bitya, 3.02°N, 12.37°E, 01 January 1922, Bates G.L. 1699 (K); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3834 (L,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 69-71, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Uvaria chamae P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 43, 1816 Map 13G ≡ Uva chamae (P.Beauv.) Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. = Uvaria cylindrica Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 256, 1827. Type. Guinea. South Region, Thonning P. 44, no date: lectotype, sheet here designated: C[C10004675]; isotype: C[C10004674]. = Uvaria cristata R.Br. ex Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 23, 1868. Type. Sierra Leone. Purdie W. s.n., no date: holotype: BM[BM000843983]. = Uvaria nigrescens Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 15, 1901. Type. Sierra Leone. Afzelius A. s.n., no date: holotype: B[B 10 0153102]. = Uvaria echinata A.Chev., Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franc. I: 6, 1920: nom. nud. Type. Nigeria. no region; no locality, Palisot de Beauvois A.M.F.J. s.n., no date: holotype: G[G00014882]. Description. Scrambling shrub to liana, 3-10 m tall, d.b.h. 3-10 cm. Indumentum of minute stellate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches very sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4-10 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 9-12 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.7-0.9 cm long, base acute (obtuse), subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above pubescent to glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 12 to 16 pairs, not prominent above, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on foliate branches, extra axillary or terminal. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 14-18 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 15-19 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; upper bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, completely fused, tearing at anthesis, 9-12 mm long, 9-12 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse or acute, base truncate, light green, densely pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal, reflexed when opened; outer petals 3, 10-17 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, green to yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent towards margins, glabrous towards center inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 9-15 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base unguiculate, green to yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent towards margins and glabrous towards center inside; stamens 150 to 200, in 6 to 7 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective discoid, pubescent, yellow to cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 30, ovary ca. 4 mm long, stigma coiled, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 10-15 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, laterally inserted; monocarps 10 to 20, 22-27 mm long, 10-13 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex rounded, pubescent with small stellate hairs, slightly constricted over seeds in dried material, otherwise smooth, brown turning orange when ripe; seeds 12 to 16 per monocarp, 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A mainly west African species from Senegal to Cameroon, Central African Republic, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Central, Far-North, North and North-West regions. Habitat. Occurring in drier regions of the country; in dry forest, thickets and gallery forests. Altitude 100-800(1000) m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019c). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria chamae is characterized by having (almost) glabrous leaf blades, secondary veins very weak (much more prominent in U. angolensis), with sepals completely fused in bud and tearing at anthesis (see notes under U. angolensis) and the petals clearly reflexed at anthesis. The monocarps are stipitate with the stipes shorter or as long as the monocarps which are cylindrical and pubescent. It is also one of the few species of Uvaria growing in the drier regions of Cameroon, together with e.g. U. muricata var. yalingensis. Specimens examined. East Region: Rives de la Kadei près de Moundia (15 km SSE de Batouri), 4.15°N, 14.61°E, 31 March 1962, Letouzey R. 4625 (P,YA). Far-North Region: Ziver, 10.8°N, 13.77°E, 17 May 1974, Fotius G. 1995 (P,WAG,YA); Mogode-Rhumsiki, 10.5°N, 13.58°E, 26 August 1976, Geerling C. 5666 (WAG). North Region: Koro (Goré), 10.8°N, 13.77°E, 19 January 1946, Aubréville A. 628 (P); Mango, 8.42°N, 13.25°E, 25 July 1974, Fotius G. 2173 (P,YA); Parc National de la Bénoué Près du campement du buffle noir, 8.12°N, 13.83°E, 05 December 1995, Letouzey R. 11695 (P,YA); Parc national de Faro Campement, 8.36°N, 12.81°E, 05 March 1985, van der Zon A.P.M. 2542 (WAG); Benoué National Park near Buffle Noir Camp, 8.11°N, 13.83°E, 04 October 1974, Wit P. 2955 (BR,MO,WAG). North-West Region: Piste Munka (=Munkep) 45 km NNW Wum, 6.73°N, 9.95°E, 09 July 1975, Letouzey R. 13994 (K,P,YA); Munka (=Munkep) 45 km NNW Wum, 6.73°N, 9.95°E, 09 July 1975, Letouzey R. 13999 (K,P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 348-349, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Monanthotaxis letouzeyi (Le Thomas) Verdc., Kew Bull. 25(1): 31, 1971 Figs 63, 64; Map 8E ≡ Popowia letouzeyi Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 8: 241, 1968. Type. Cameroon. East Region; Nkoum, Letouzey R.G. 3066, 19 Feb 1960: holotype P[P00362617]; isotype: YA[YA0002635]. Description. Liana, 30 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches pubescent completely covered with dense erect reddish brown hairs 0.4 mm lon g. Leaves: petiole 6-15 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs, weakly grooved adaxially, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 6-23 cm long, 6-12.2 cm wide, oblong to oblanceolate, apex rounded to emarginate, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base cordate (to rounded), papyraceous, below pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 14 to 19 pairs, sparsely pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals unisexual, dioecious, male and female inflorescences dimorphic, male inflorescences cauliflorous with 3 to 50 flowers, in a fascicle or glomerule, peduncle 5-25 mm long; female inflorescences cauliflorous, in a condensed panicle with many flowers, peduncle 25-40 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, male and female flowers dimorphic, male flowers: pedicel 6-10 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; basal bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, brown, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals shortly connate basally, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, papillose and sparsely pubescent with a few very short hairs inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 1.5-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, papillose, sparsely pubescent towards the apex outside, papillose, sparsely pubescent towards the apex outside inside; stamens 31 to 40, in ca. 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, oblong; connective truncate, pubescent; staminodes absent. Female flowers: pedicel 8-15 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 10-30 mm long, 2 mm in diameter; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 1-1.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 1-2 mm long, ca. 1-2 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 5-6 mm long, 4.8-6 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent with short papillose hairs outside, pubescent with short papillose hairs inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 2 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide, spathulate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent with short papillose hairs outside, pubescent with short papillose hairs inside; carpels free, 120, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma ellipsoid to globose, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 7-10 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps at least 3 (but potentially with many more, up to 100), 20-80 mm long, 9-10 mm in diameter, moniliform, globose, apex rounded, densely pubescent, smooth, constricted around seeds when more than 1, blackish green when ripe; seeds 1 to 6 per monocarp, ca. 9 mm long, c. 9 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from Cameroon to the Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the East and South regions. Habitat. An uncommon species; in primary and old secondary rain forests, gallery forests and swamp forests, on sandy clay. Altitude 300-750 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis letouzeyi is distinguished by the dense erect reddish brown hairs on the young foliate branches and petioles, the generally cordate leaf base, unisexual flowers with male and female inflorescences both being cauliflorous. This species is morphologically close to M. diclina, but this latter has yellow-brown hairs, male inflorescences that are axillary (not cauliflorous) and 6 stamens with 12 staminodes (versus 31 to 40 stamens and no staminodes in Monanthotaxis letouzeyi). Specimens. East Region: Bertoua, 4.56°N, 13.65°E, 05 September 1961, Breteler F.J. 1874 (P,U,WAG,YA); Palisco forest consession 15 km along main road into consession, 3.52°N, 13.54°E, 27 March 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 752 (WAG,YA); Nkoum, 4.1°N, 13.17°E, 19 February 1960, Letouzey R. 3066 (P,YA); A 23 km à l’W de Masea (village situé à 50 km au SSW de Yokadouma), 3.15°N, 14.87°E, 04 July 1963, Letouzey R. 5403 (P,YA); Eden 48 km from Lomie, 3.25°N, 13.28°E, 15 April 1996, Nzooh Dongmo Z. L. 578 (MO). South Region: 16 km east from Lélé village, 2.28°N, 13.32°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 458 (WAG,YA); Piste Meyo Ntem-Evouzok 75 km W Ambam Entre 1er et 3e bras du Ntem, 2.17°N, 10.37°E, 28 November 1979, Letouzey R. 15270 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 218-221, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Uvariodendron molundense (Diels) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 61, 1930 Figs 125, 126; Map 15G ≡ Uvaria molundensis Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 435, 1915. = Uvaria letestui Pellegr., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 26: 658, 1920; Uvariodendron letestui (Pellegr.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 60, 1930. Type. Gabon. Nyanga, Tchibanga, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 1234, Nov 1907: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00315833]; isotypes: BM[BM000554071; BM000554072]; P[P00315835, P00315837]. = Uvariodendron mayumbense (Exell) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 57 1930; Uvaria mayumbense Exell, Journ. of Bot. 64 Suppl. Polypet.: 3, 1926. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Pango Munga, Gossweiler J. 6159, 17 Jan 1916: holotype: BM[BM000554073]. = Uvaria mannii Hutch. & Dalziel, Kew Bull.: 150, 1927. Type. Equatorial Guinea. Bioko Norte, Bioko (Fernando Po), Mann G. 257, 1860: holotype: K[K000198802]; isotype: P[P00315831]. Type. Cameroon. East Region; Südkameruner Waldgebiet: Bezirk Molundu, 'Bange Busch’, unbewohnter Urwald zwischen Lokomo, Bumba und Bange, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4373, 29 Jan 1911: holotype: B[B 10 0153118]. Description. Tree to shrub, 1.2-10 m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous to slightly pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-17 mm long, 1.5-5 mm in diameter, glabrous to slightly pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 14.1-46 cm long, 5.1-16 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to oblong to obovate, apex attenuate to acuminate, acumen 0.1-3.8 cm long, base rounded to decurrent, papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous to glabrescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 12 to 22 pairs per side, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-14 mm long, 1-4 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 3-15 mm long, 2-6 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2 to 6, several basal and one upper towards the middle of pedicel, basal bracts 2-3 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; upper bract 3-8 mm long, 3-10 mm wide; sepals 3, imbricate, free or sometimes fused at base, 5-9 mm long, 5.5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, green, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 9-30 mm long, 6-17 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, cream-colored with a purple blotch at the base, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9-27 mm long, 5-16 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, cream-colored with a purple blotch at the base, margins flat, glabrous to densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 1000 to 1500, in 15 to 20 rows, 0.8-2 mm long, 0.1-0.5 mm wide, linear; connective discoid, pubescent, cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 8 to 36, ovary 2-4 mm long, 0.4-2 mm wide, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, densely pubescent. Monocarps shortly stipitate, stipes ca. 0-5 mm long, ca. 2-5 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 12, 20-60 mm long, 9-30 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to oblong ovoid, apex rounded, bumpy, otherwise smooth, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, greyish green to orange when ripe; seeds 3 to10 per monocarp, 12-15 mm long, 7-11 mm wide, oblong, yellow to pale brown; aril absent. Distribution. From south Nigeria to Gabon to Central African Republic (southeast), and one collection from Democratic Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Central Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species in Cameroon, locally dominant in the understory; in lowland and premontane primary and old secondary rain forests. Altitude 0-1000 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019d). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. This species is very variable in terms of leaf size and shape. It is characterized by few carpels (Uvariodendron sp. 1 and sp. 2 (Tchouto 136 and 611, respectively). However, we have identified these as U. molundense. Selected specimens examined. Central Region: Eastern part of park West of Ndangan 1, 3.62°N, 11.60°E, 18 March 2004, Cheek M. 11839 (K,YA); Colline ‘’Nkom-Benka’a’’ dans l’appellation locale 4-5 km N du village Ekekam, 3.38°N, 11.8°E, 09 March 1978, Dang D. 643 (P,YA); Mefou National park 18 km from MFOU, 3.61°N, 11.58°E, 22 March 2004, Tadjouteu F. 566 (K,YA). East Region: A 30 km au NE de Bange (km 75 route Yokadouma-Moloundou), 3.02°N, 15.12°E, 25 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5142 (P,YA); Moloundou near Lokomo Bumba and Bange, 2.08°N, 15.25°E, 29 January 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4373 (B); Camp CFA Bango I Bord de la rivière Bango 36 km SE Bateha Malen village situé à 21 km N de Moloundou, 2.15°N, 15.35°E, 08 April 1971, Villiers J.-F. 625 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1172 (MPU,P,WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.91°N, 10.77°E, 19 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 652 (WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.90°N, 10.77°E, 19 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 655 (WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.90°N, 10.77°E, 20 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 656 (WAG,YA). South Region: 13 km from Kribi Ebolowa road, 2.87°N, 9.980°E, 13 November 1968, Bos J.J. 3259 (P,WAG,YA); S Bbank Lobé R SE of Grand Batanga ferry riverine forest edge, 2.86°N, 9.9°E, 11 October 1969, Bos J.J. 5474 (BR,MO,P,WAG,YA); 40 km from Kribi 4 km W of Edea road N bank of lokoundje R, 3.08°N, 10.25°E, 12 March 1970, Bos J.J. 6521 (WAG); ca 5 km N of km 7 Kribi-Ebolow, 2.93°N, 9.95°E, 10 July 1970, Bos J.J. 7075 (P,WAG); Massif de Ngovayang village de Ngovayang sommet, 3.25°N, 10.57°E, 08 June 2015, Droissart V. 1880 (BRLU); Campo-Ma’an area Bibabimvoto, 2.25°N, 10.36°E, 01 February 2000, Elad M. 1270 (KRIBI,WAG); Meyo Centre, 2.55°N, 11.03°E, 24 March 1970, Letouzey R. 10222 (P); Region de Kribi, 2.93°N, 9.92°E, 01 January 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5936 (B); Environs de Mvini 34 km east of Campo, 2.37°N, 10.09°E, 24 October 1984, Nkongmeneck B.A. 800 (YA); Campo-Ma’an area Bibabimvoto, 2.27°N, 10.05°E, 26 August 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. T 8X_70 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area 2.71°N, 9.866°E, 26 October 2001, van Andel T.R. 4228 (KRIBI,U,WAG). South-West Region: Mokoko Forest Reserve Ekumbe-Mofako, 4.47°N, 9.092°E, 21 April 1994, Akogo M. 234 (K,YA); Dikome, 4.92°N, 9.240°E, 05 May 1994, Sonké B. 1226 (K); Mapanja, 4.08°N, 9.15°E, 20 April 1992, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 136 (K,YA); Mokoko Above Bonja village, 4.41°N, 9°E, 23 March 1993, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 611 (WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 399-403, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cable, S, Cheek, M, 1998. The plants of Mt Cameroon: a conservation checklist. Kew Publishing. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew London"]}

Sirdavidia solannona Couvreur & Sauquet, PhytoKeys 46: 4, 2015 Figs 97, 98; Map 12F Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Monts de Cristal, near first bridge after Kinguele, Couvreur T.L.P. 596, 15 Nov 2013: holotype: WAG[WAG0392343]; isotypes: LBV; P[P04022675]; YA; WAG[WAG0392342]. Description. Tree, 4-6 m tall, d.b.h. 2-4 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 20-26 cm long, 4.5-9 cm wide, ovate to elliptic or obovate, apex long acuminate, acumen 2-3 cm long, base obtuse, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 9 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual [possibly androdioecious], inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on young foliate or old leafless branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-10 mm long, densely pubescent; in fruit 8-15 mm long, diameter unknown, glabrous; bracts several basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, bracts ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, pink to light red, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, valvate, sub equal; outer petals 3, 4-10 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, red, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside, reflexed; inner petals 3, valvate, 4-9 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, pink to light red, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent at least towards margins inside, reflexed; stamens 16 to 19, in 2 to 3 rows, 3-4 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, glabrous, bright yellow; staminodes absent; carpel 1, ovary 4-5 mm long, stigma cylindrical to coiled, sparsely pubescent. Monocarp sessile, 1, 50-70 mm long, 15-18 mm in diameter, oblong, apex apiculate, sparsely pubescent to glabrous (pubescent when young), smooth, longitudinally 4 to 6 ribbed; seeds not counted, biseriate, 12-16 mm long, 6-7 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Cameroon and Gabon; in Cameroon known from the Littoral region. Habitat. A rare species, only collected once in 1973 in Cameroon, but it is common in the forest understory when present (e.g. Monts de Cristal, Gabon); in lowland primary or old secondary rain forests on non-inundated soils. Altitude 100-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable (VU) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a s). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Sirdavidia solannona is easily distinguished by its long acuminate leaves (acumen 2-3 cm long), flowers with bright yellow stamens and small red reflexed petals, resembling the flower of a Solanaceae nor even Ardisia (Primulaceae) (Olivier Lachenaud, pers. com), its single carpel and thus single monocarp with 6 to 8 ribs. The androdioecious nature [flowers unisexual staminate or bisexual] of this species needs to be confirmed. We observed male and bisexual flowers in Gabon. Letouzey 12405 suggests that male flowers are cauliflorous and hermaphrodite ones are ramiflorous, which needs to be confirmed. Sirdavidia solannona, the only species of the genus, was thought to be endemic to Gabon (Couvreur et al. 2015). However, after its description, a herbarium collection from Cameroon, Letouzey 12405 was identified (dating from 1973). We returned to this same locality in 2018, but unfortunately could not locate the species. In the original description, we didn’t have access to a fruiting specimen. Here, we provide a description of the fruit (Moungazi 1544, LBV). Specimen examined. Littoral Region: near Nkak Ndjok (ca Mapubi) 30 km ENE Ed 3.83°N, 10.43°E, 17 December 1973, Letouzey R. 12405 (K,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 317-320, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, Sonke, B, Niangadouma, R, Sauquet, H, 2015. Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon. PhytoKeys 46: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.8937","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Monanthotaxis gracilis (Hook.f.) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66 (1): 14, 2017 Fig. 59; Map 7I ≡ Uvaria gracilis Hook.f., Niger Fl.: 210, 1849. Oxymitra gracilis (Hook.f.) Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 154, 1916; Richella gracilis (Hook.f.) R.E.Fr., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia gracilis (Hook.f.) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. = Oxymitra platypetala Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 472, 1862; Cleistopholis platypetala (Benth.) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 34, 1901. Type. Sierra Leone. Southern Province, Bagroo river, Mann G. 857, Apr 1896: holotype: K[K00198952]. = Unona millenii Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 40, 1901. Type. Nigeria. Lagos State, Lagos, Millen H. 149, Mar 1896: holotype: K, not seen. = Oxymitra rosea Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 154, 1916; Richella rosea (Sprague & Hutch.) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia rosea (Sprague & Hutch.) Steenis, Blumea 12: 361, 1964. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State, Oban, Talbot P.A. 199, 1911: holotype: BM[BM000547067]. Type. Sierra Leone. no region; no location, Don G. s.n., no date: holotype: BM[BM000547066]. Description. Shrub to liana, 4-20 m tall, d.b.h. 10-20 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, light grey in color, young foliate branches pubescent with very short appressed to ascending hairs 0.1 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 4-16.5 cm long, 1.4-5.7 cm wide, obovate to oblanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen ca. 2 cm long, base cuneate to subcordate, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib depressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 7 to 10 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed to extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 15-45 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 25-50 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter; basal bract 1-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, lanceolate in shape; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 3-6 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 12-30 mm long, 7-12 mm wide, elliptic, apex obtuse, base truncate, light yellow to light green, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 5-9 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, ovate to rhombic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent to glabrous inside; stamens 80 to 125, in 3 to 5 rows, ca. 1 mm long, linear to oblong; connective globose, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 17 to 24, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma elongate, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 4-8 mm long, 2 mm in diameter; monocarps 10 to 20, red when ripe, 13-35 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid to globose, apex apiculate, densely pubescent, pubescent, constricted around seeds when more than 1, red when ripe; seeds 1 to 5 per monocarp, ca. 6 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A mainly west African species, from Sierra Leone to Nigeria, just reaching into Cameroon where known from the South-West region. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in primary and secondary rain forests, swamp forests and gallery forests, on river banks and summit ridges. Altitude: 100 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis gracilis is distinguished by its light-grey branches, very short hairs on the branches and pedicels, a small lanceolate upper bract, its long slender flowering pedicels and ellipsoid flower buds and elliptic outer petals. This species is only known from a single collection in Cameroon to date. Specimens examined. South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.8°E, 15 June 2000, van der Burgt X.M. 614 (WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 206-209, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc., Adansonia, n.s. 9: 90, 1969 Fig. 28, 29; Map 4D ≡ Polyalthia suaveolens Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 6: 42., 1901. = Polyalthia mortehanii De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles, 4: 384., 1914. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kasaï-Oriental: Lekimi, De Giorgi S. 1576, Dec 1913: lectotype designated by Lissambou et al. (2018), p. 77: BR[BR8804408]. = Polyalthia aubrevillei Ghesquière ex Aubréville, Fl. For. Côte d’Ivoire, i. 114, 1936. Type. Cameroon. South Region: Bipindé, Urwaldgebiet, Zenker G. 1306, 1913: lectotype designated by Lissambou et al. (2018), p. 77: P[P01985238]; isolectotypes: L[L.1761577]; MO; P[P01985239]; WAG[WAG.1379971]. = Maba gossweileri Greves., J. Bot. 67 (Suppl. 2): 76., 1929. Type. Angola. Cabinda: Buco Zau - Maiombe, Gossweiler J. 6923, 8 Jan 1917: holotype BM[BM000547162]; COI[COI00004858]. = Xylopia otunga Exell., J. Bot. 69: 99, 1931. Type. Cameroon. Central: Bitye Yaoundé, Bates G.L. 1226, 1919: holotype: BM[BM000513697]; isotype LISC[LISC000385]. Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Munda, Sibange Farm, Soyaux H. 218, 20 Feb 1881: holotype material presumably destroyed at B; lectotype, designated by Lissambou et al. 2018 (2018), p. 77: P[P00363356]; isolectotype K[K000580898]. Description. Tree, 8-45 m tall, d.b.h. 10-125 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent to sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-8 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter, pubescent to sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 5.1-15.6 cm long, 2-6.7 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acuminate to caudate, acumen 0.6-1.4 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, papyraceous, below pubescent when young, glabrous to pubescent when old, above densely to sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above pubescent at least basely when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent when old; secondary veins 5 to 18 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation indistinct. Individuals androdioecious; male and bisexual inflorescences similar, ramiflorous on old leafless and young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence, pedicel 3-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 6-12 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bracts 1-2 mm long, 2 mm wide; upper bracts 1-3 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused to free, 2-4 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 8-18 mm long, 1.3-2.6 mm wide, oblong-elliptic to ovate, apex acuminate, base rounded, green to light yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 8-18 mm long, 1.3-2.6 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acuminate, base rounded, green to light yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 16 to 25, in 4 to 5 rows, 1-2 mm long, elongated; connective tongue-shaped, glabrous, green; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 20, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma ovoid, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 5-10 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 8, 8-18 mm long, 7-16 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to globose, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, green turning wine red when ripe; seeds 1 to 4 per monocarp, 3-11 mm long, 3-11 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Known from Nigeria to the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Central, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A very common species across the forest zone of Cameroon (growing in sympatry with G. glabrum in the south) with a wide ecologically amplitude; in lowland premontane, and sometimes in montane non-inundated primary or secondary forests. Altitude 20-1600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Moabé noir (dial. Nzime), Otunga (dial. Fang), Otungui (dial. Ewondo), Ntoulen (dial. Bassa), Botounga, Botunga (dial. Baka). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Harvey-Brown 2019c). Uses in Cameroon. medicine: leaves as pain-killers, against arthritis, rheumatism, fabrifuges, for menstrual cycle; bark for pregnancy, antiaborifacients, root for vermifuges, as genital stimulants/depressants, dropsy, swellings, oede gout; constructions: building materials; dyes and tannins: glycosides, saponims, steroids; products: fibre wood, farming, forestry, hunting and fishing apparatus. Notes. See under G. glabrum. The species is here treated in the narrow sense; the former varieties Greenwayodendron gabonicum Le Thomas and Greenwayodendron usambaricum Verdc. (not recorded from Cameroon) are now raised to specific rank, as G. gabonicum (Le Thomas) Lissambou & Couvreur and G. usambaricum (Verdc.) Lissambou, Hardy & Couvreur (Lissambou et al. 2019). Selected specimens examined. Central Region: Ndanan 1, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 21 October 2002, Cheek M. 11224 (K,YA); Mefou National Park, 3.61°N, 11.58°E, 13 March 2004, Cheek M. 27 (YA); Mefou National Park, 3.61°N, 11.58°E, 13 March 2004, Cheek M. 66 (YA); Ca 50 km S of Badjob ca 60 km SW Of Eséka Along the Njong-River, 3.68°N, 10.68°E, 19 March 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2133 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 129 (P); Ngoro, 5.06°N, 11.19°E, 29 April 2017, Kamdem N. 510 (YA); AYOS, 3.98°N, 12.36°E, 17 June 2017, Kamdem N. 560 (YA); Ossoéssam (Mbalmayo), 3.52°N, 11.5°E, 01 June 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 5755 (BR,K,P,WAG). East Region: Palisco forest consession 15 km along main road into consession, 3.48°N, 13.59°E, 27 March 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 756 (WAG,YA); Deng Deng, 5.20°N, 13.13°E, 27 July 2014, Kamdem N. 166 (YA); Mindourou Alpicam, 4.12°N, 14.54°E, 11 December 2016, Kamdem N. 459 (YA); Colline à l’ENE de Mbalam (140 km ESE de Djoum près de Souanke-Congo, 2.22°N, 13.82°E, 20 January 1973, Letouzey R. 11866 (YA); A 6 km au Nord de Mwapak (km 43 piste Yokadouma-Lomié, 3.54°N, 14.71°E, 22 June 1963, Letouzey R. 5322 (YA). Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1180 (WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.90°N, 10.77°E, 20 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 658 (WAG,YA); Olombé, 3.60°N, 9.959°E, 05 November 2014, Kamdem N. 175 (YA); Chantier Bakaka km 4 Eboné-EkoMtolo road (Eboné situated on km 11 of Nkongsamba-Loum road), 4.83°N, 9.9°E, 20 August 1971, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 8164 (BR,K,L,MO,P,U,WAG,YA). South Region: 20 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.03°N, 10.05°E, 09 June 1969, Bos J.J. 4769 (B,BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,POZG,WAG,YA); Mt Elephant ca 18 km SE of Kribi, 2.81°N, 10.01°E, 08 January 1970, Bos J.J. 6100 (BR,C,K,LD,P,WAG,YA); hill above Nlonacko near village Ebianemeyong, 2.43°N, 10.35°E, 12 December 1998, de Wilde J.J.F. E 12163 (BR,KRIBI,MO,S,WAG); 16 km on the recently reconstructed road from Ebolowa to Minkok, 2.75°N, 11.25°E, 30 January 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7940 (BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Massif de Ngovayang village de Atog Boga, 3.25°N, 10.49°E, 30 August 2015, Droissart V. 2050 (BRLU); Massif de Ngovayang village de Atog Boga, 3.25°N, 10.49°E, 05 September 2015, Droissart V. 2159 (BRLU); A 13 km au N-NW de Djoum (UFA 09-007) vers "la tache verte" Forêt dense inondée et forêt secondaire, 2.77°N, 12.74°E, 25 April 2011, Droissart V. 834 (BRLU); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.73°E, 20 February 1996, Elad M. 443 (KRIBI,WAG); Campo, 2.28°N, 9.950°E, 05 July 2015, Kamdem N. 329 (YA); Campo, 2.39°N, 10.02°E, 07 July 2015, Kamdem N. 349 (YA); Ma’an, 2.50°N, 10.76°E, 11 July 2015, Kamdem N. 397 (YA); Essam (Nanga Eboko), 4.68°N, 12.37°E, 13 February 1959, Letouzey R. 1106 (P); Essam (Nanga Eboko), 4.68°N, 12.37°E, 13 February 1959, Letouzey R. 1313 (P); 10 km environ à l’ESE de Campo à Kribi, 2.37°N, 9.82°E, 26 March 1968, Letouzey R. 9198 (YA); Campo-Ma’an National Park, 2.38°N, 10.06°E, 01 July 2001, van Andel T.R. 3794 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 1897, Zenker G.A. 1278 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 1899, Zenker G.A. 2062 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1900, Zenker G.A. 2166 (L,P,WAG). South-West Region: Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.501°E, 25 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1002 (WAG,YA); Mokoko Forest Reserve Boa/Likinge (Bousa forest), 4.42°N, 8.972°E, 05 June 1994, Ekema S.N. 1208 (K,YA); Nguti, 5.34°N, 9.496°E, 03 June 2017, Kamdem N. 537 (YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 113-117, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Lissambou, B-J, Hardy, OJ, Atteke, C, Stevart, T, Dauby, G, Mbatchi, B, Sonke, B, Couvreur, TLP, 2018. Taxonomic revision of the African genus Greenwayodendron (Annonaceae). PhytoKeys 114: 55 - 93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.27395","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Harvey-Brown, Y, 2019c. Greenwayodendron suaveolens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T62584A149068212. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T62584A149068212.en","Lissambou, B-J, Couvreur, TLP, Atteke, C, Stevart, T, Pineiro, R, Dauby, G, Monthe, FK, Ikabanga, DU, Sonke, B, M'batchi, B, Hardy, OJ, 2019. Species delimitation in the genus Greenwayodendron based on morphological and genetic markers reveals new species. TAXON 68: 442 - 454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12064"]}

Mischogyne Exell, J. Bot. 70 (Suppl. 1): 213, 1932 Type species. Mischogyne michelioides Exell. Description. Genus description for Cameroon same as species. A genus of trees or shrubs with five known species (Gosline et al. 2018), from West and Central Africa and one from East Africa (endemic to Tanzania). In Cameroon one species is known, not endemic (previously included in Mischogyne elliotiana). The genus Mischogyne is easily identified when fertile by the presence of a torus, an extended receptacle, and several elongated cylindrical to ovoid carpels, which are divergent from each other. Taxonomy. Gosline et al. (2018)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 163, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Gosline, G, Marshall, AR, Larridon, I, 2018. Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae). Kew Bulletin 74: e28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-019-9804-7"]}

Uvaria comperei Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 8: 244, 1968 Figs 103, 109, 110; Map 13H Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Ivindo; Belinga, Hallé N. 3267 , 20 Nov 1964: holotype: P[P00046772]. Description. Liana, 3-5 m tall, d.b.h. 3-5 cm. Indumentum of simple or fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose to pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 6-17 cm long, 3-6.5 cm wide, oblong, apex acuminate to obtuse, acumen 1 cm long, base rounded to broadly cordate, papyraceous, below pubescent with simple or fasciculate hairs when young and old, above sparsely pubescent with short simple and stellate hairs when young, glabrous when old; midrib sunken or flat, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 13 pairs, sparsely pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 6-11 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 11-16 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; upper bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate to attenuate, base truncate, pale green, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 7-14 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, ovate to oblong, apex obtuse, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins shortly revolute or straight, tomentose outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 7-14 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base shortly unguiculate, green to light yellow, margins flat, tomentose outside, pubescent inside; stamens numerous, in 7 to 8 rows, ca. 2 mm long, linear; connective discoid, sparsely pubescent, yellow; staminodes absent; carpels free, numerous (not clounted), ovary ca. 4 mm long, stigma bilobed, densely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 17-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, laterally inserted; monocarps 30 to 40, 10-15 mm long, 7-9 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to subglobose, apex rounded or very shortly apiculate, sparsely pubescent, slightly constricted over seeds in dried material, otherwise smooth, green to brown when ripe; seeds 10 to 14 per monocarp, 7-8 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, known from Cameroon, Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in secondary rain forests. Altitude 0-100 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria comperei belongs to a group of species characterized by having sepals mostly free or basally fused and long stipitate globose monocarps with laterally inserted stipes. In flower characters, U. comperei is very close to U. gabonensis (not found in Cameroon to date) and Le Thomas (1968b) distinguished the former mainly based on differences of the leaves which has a rounded to broadly cordate leaf base and a long petiole. In addition, in U. gabonensis the lower side of the leaves have short appressed stellate hairs and the monocarps are smooth and densely tomentose versus short appressed stellate hairs intermixed with some longer erect fasciculate hairs (the latter mostly near the midrib) and bumpy and sparsely pubescent in U. comperei. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Lac Ossa Nord Dizangue, 3.84°N, 10.03°E, Achoundong G. 786 (YA); Lac Ossa Nord Dizangue, 3.84°N, 10.03°E, Achoundong G. 790 (YA). South-West Region: North Base, 4.01°N, 9.283°E, 24 April 1992, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 167 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 350-351, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1968b. Nouvelles Annonacees d'Afrique equatoriale. Adansonia, ser. 2 8: 241-247."]}

Piptostigma longepilosum Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 297, 1899 Fig. 88; Map 11C Type. Cameroon. South Region; around Bipinde, Zenker G.A. 1075, 1896: holotype: B[B100154079]; isotypes: HBG[HBG502530]; L[L0183458]; M[M0107925]; NY[NY00026195]; P[P00363294, P00363295]; S[S07-13478]; WU[WU0025868]. Description. Tree, 4-16 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches densely hispid, hairs 4-5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 4-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, hispid, hairs 1-5 mm long, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 7.7-24.3 cm long, 4-10.3 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.3-1 cm long, base rounded to obtuse, papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above densely pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 14 to 34 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, pubescent all over, especially younger parts, with hairs 1-2 mm long, peduncle like base 5-20 mm long, axial internodes 14-40 mm long, lax to sub-lax, sympodial rachis 45-150 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 9-12 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 10-12 mm long, 4 mm in diameter, pubescent; basal bract 6-12 mm long, 4-6 mm wide; upper bract 6-12 mm long, 4-6 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 6-10 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 40-80 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins wavy, densely pubescent outside, pubescent towards base inside; stamens 70 to 90, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 3 to 5, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 3, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 20 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex rounded, pubescent, warty, bumpy, orange, pink to yellow when ripe; seeds 10 to 12 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the South and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species; in the understory of lowland primary rain forests. Altitude 0-120 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a j). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma longepilosum is easily identified by the long (4-5 mm long) generally erect pubescence on the young foliate branches, petioles and young inflorescences, and rounded to obtuse leaf base. Piptostigma mortehanii also has a hispid pubescence, but its hairs are much shorter (less than 4 mm long) and the leaf blade base is acute. This species has not been recollected since 1994, despite efforts to locate it. Specimens examined. South Region: Route de Bipindi à Dihani, 3.26°N, 10.20°E, 24 June 1928, Annet E. 420 (P); ca 45 k from Kribi ca 8 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.1°N, 10.25°E, 02 April 1970, Bos J.J. 6683 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 1896, Zenker G.A. 1075 (L,P,WAG). South-West Region: Mokoko Forest Reserve Boa / Mokoko, 4.42°N, 8.972°E, 31 May 1994, Acworth J.M. 289 (K,YA); Mokoko Forest Reserve Dikome, 4.48°N, 9.033°E, 02 May 1994, Ekema S.N. 862 (K,YA); Aikoume(?) Banondo(?) forest (Cameroun), 4.45°N, 9.016°E, 03 May 1994, Sonké B. 1173 (BR,WAG); Mokoko Mount above Bonja village, 4.46°N, 9.1°E, 23 March 1993, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 613 (K); Korup National Park Primary rain forest, 5.03°N, 8.833°E, 01 March 1987, Thomas D.W. 6906 (MO); Mokoko Forest Reserve Ekombe-Mofako, 4.46°N, 9.066°E, 21 May 1994, Watts J. 1104 (K,YA); Likingi 35 hrs S on Wonge river E hills, 4.33°N, 8.98°E, 23 March 1993, Wheatley J.I. 814 (K)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 289-291, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Uvariopsis solheidii (De Wild.) Robyns & Ghesq., Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. B 53: 321, 1933 Figs 135, 137; Map 16H ≡ Tetrastemma solheidii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3(1): 85, 1909. = Uvariopsis batesii Robyns & Ghesq., Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. B 53: 320 1933. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bitye, Bates G.L. 1367, 1919: holotype: BM[BM000554077]. Type. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale; Yambuya, Solheid A.F. 96, 1906: holotype: BR[BR0000008824240). Description. Shrub to tree, 3-8 m tall, d.b.h. 1.5-8 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous to pubescent, young foliate branches tomentose to pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 16.6-29 cm long, 5-9.5 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate to attenuate, acumen 0.4-2 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, papyraceous, below glabrous when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 8 to 13 pairs per side, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual, monoecious; inflorescences cauliflorous. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, long conical in bud, 2 to 3 per inflorescence, male and female inflorescences dimorphic; male pedicels up to 22 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; female pedicels 80-160 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 53-165 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bracts 1-2 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, soon falling; male sepals 2, valvate, free, ca. 2 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown-red, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; female sepals 2, valvate, free, 2.5-4 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, brown-red, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; male petals 4 (sometimes 5), free, 7-10 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, wine-brown, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous and finely warty inside; female petals 4, free, 12-17 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, wine-brown, margins flat, tomentose outside, glabrous and finely warty inside; male flowers: stamens 150 to 200, in 9 to 15 rows, ca. 0.5 mm long, oblong; connective reduced or absent, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; female flowers: carpels free, 40 to 65, ovary 1.5-3.5 mm long, stigma coiled, densely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 2-4 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter; monocarps 5 to 10, 30-70 mm long, 13-30 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to cylindrical, apex rounded to apiculate, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, longitudinally 4 to 6 ribbed, smooth, red when ripe; seeds 2 to 10 per monocarp, ca. 15 mm long, 8-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from Cameroon to Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the South and Central regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species in Cameroon, in lowland or more rarely submontane, growing in primary or old secondary rain forests. Altitude: 0-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019e). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariopsis solheidii is distinguished by its young foliate branches being tomentose to pubescent and by its long conical flower buds and narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic free petals. In the shape of its petals it may resemble U. bakeriana, which has even narrower linear petals that are deep red and very verrucose, and U. etugeana, which has much shorter pedicels. Specimens examined. Central Region: Ndanan 1, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 10 March 2004, Cheek M. 11606 (K,WAG,YA); Mont Ngoro à 38 km au Nord de Bafia (pied mont), 5.09°N, 11.26°E, 29 April 1978, Ngameni B.K. 109 (P,YA); Mont Ngoro à 58 km SW de Linté, 5.09°N, 11.26°E, 17 April 1982, Nkongmeneck B.A. 273 (P,YA); River N Didoumou, 3.61°N, 11.56°E, 26 March 2004, Onana J.M. 2848 (K). South Region: Zingui, 2.85°N, 10.98°E, 21 July 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 8373 (WAG); Ngongonjie (Akonetye), 2.67°N, 12.87°E, 30 August 1978, Koufani A. 154 (P); Efoulan, 2.74°N, 10.54°E, 06 December 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. ONOX_191 (WAG); Efoulan, 2.74°N, 10.53°E, 25 April 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 2843 (KRIBI,WAG); Efoulan, 2.74°N, 10.54°E, 04 December 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3089 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Akom II, 2.8°N, 10.53°E, 19 August 2001, van Andel T.R. 3951 (MO); Colline de Nkoltsia à 23 km NW de Bipindi, 3.17°N, 10.27°E, 27 April 1974, Villiers J.-F. 893 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 432-434, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Monodora myristica (Gaertner) Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 3: 80, 1817 Figs 75, 76; Map 10A ≡ Annona myristica Gaertner; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 194, 1791. = Monodora borealis Scott-Elliot, Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 72, 1895. Type. Sierra Leone. Northern Province, Scarcies Rivers, Scott-Elliot G.F. 4716, 7 Jan 1892: holotype: K n.v. = Monodora claessensii De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 3: 263, 1911. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Manie Kindu, Claessens, J. 504, 1910: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008802071]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008802088, BR0000008802408]. = Monodora unwinii Hutch. & Dalziel, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 53, 1927. Type. Nigeria. Southern state, Benin city, Unwin A.H. 45, no date: holotype: K[K000199030]. Type. Jamaica. Cultivated, obtained from Banks: holotype: BM. Description. Tree, 30-40 m tall, d.b.h. 40-100 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs if present; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous, covered with a whitish wax. Leaves: petiole 8-14 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 11-50 cm long, 4-14 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm long, base cuneate to cordate, coriaceous to papyraceous, below glabrous when young but covered with a whitish wax, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised above, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 13 to 23 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 70-270 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 300-350 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1, upper only, towards the middle of pedicel, 15-40 mm long, 8-30 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 20-40 mm long, 7-17 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex attenuate, base truncate, pale yellow with purple to completely dark red, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins wavy; petals basally fused, tube 6-8 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 40-105 mm long, 20-40 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, deep yellow, base streaked with dark red, pale yellow spotted dark purple when young, margins wavy, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 25-35 mm long, 25-30 mm wide, cordate, apex acute to obtuse, base narrowed into a claw 2.0-5 mm long, white with red central vein abaxially, white and speckled with red-yellow adaxially, margins flat, pubescent towards base on both sides; receptacle strongly convex; stamens ca. 460-470, in 16 to 20 rows, 2 mm long, broad; connective elongated, pubescent, yellow; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 4-5 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, pubescent. Fruit syncarpous, 90-150 mm long, 80-150 mm in diameter, globose, apex rounded, glabrous, faintly ribbed longitudinally, otherwise smooth, green when ripe; seeds 15-22 mm long, 10-13 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species, from Sierra Leone to northern Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya and Tanzania, also on the Island of São Tomé; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Central, Littoral, South-West and Adamaoua (one collection) regions. Habitat. A common species with a wide ecological amplitude, in primary and secondary rain forests, sometimes along rivers and near marshes, on sandy or rocky soils. Altitude 0-1600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Avom (Parren 136, Dial. Ewondo); Ndin (Westphal, 9149, 9883, 10173, 10204 [these later specimens were seen but not cited or mapped in the flora because they are market collections, thus the orgin of the plants are unknown]); Muscadier de Calabash, fausse noix de muscade (French), Calabash Nutmeg, African nutmeg, false nutmeg (English); muskatnußduftender Orchideenbaum, Kalabassenmuskat (German). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a a). Uses in Cameroon. food: seeds for condiments, spices, flavourings (Westphal 10173). Notes. Monodora myristica is easily recognizable by its long pedicel (up to 27 cm long in flower and 35 cm in fruit) and its globose generally finely ribbed fruits. It is also characterized by its pale green lower leaf surface and petioles (due to the presence of whitish wax), and a generally cordate leaf base. Sterile it can be confused with M. undulata, but the later generally has smaller leaves lacking the blue whitish indumentum. Selected specimens examined. Central Region: Mont Mbam Minkon on trail 2 km from Nkol Nyada village, 3.97°N, 11.40°E, 21 March 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 412 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 1 km after reserve base near small loggers road, 3.65°N, 11.28°E, 25 June 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 445 (WAG,YA); on trail to Oveng Lodge hotel near parking just behind the village of Oveng 30 km on road from Mbalmayo to Sangmeli 3.41°N, 11.70°E, 09 February 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 608 (WAG,YA); Yaoundé, 3.86°N, 11.51°E, 30 July 1976, Westphal E. 9149 (WAG); Market of Messa Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 14 February 1978, Westphal E. 9883 (YA,P). East Region: Colline Nkolandjom près Ngoakélé à 25 km à l’W de Ngoulemakong (route Mbalmayo-Ebolowa), 3.38°N, 11.81°E, 12 July 1972, Letouzey R. 11474 (BR,P,YA); Asia, 3.63°N, 13.11°E, 21 April 1961, Letouzey R. 3899 (P,WAG,YA); Bezirk Molundu Bange-Busch Lokomo Bumba u Bange, 2.83°N, 15.25°E, 21 February 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4530 (HBG). Littoral Region: Barombi camp 5 km S of Kumba on Buea-Douala road, 4.58°N, 9.45°E, 20 May 1983, Thomas D.W. 2118 (K,MO,P,YA). North Region: Kona, 4.6°N, 14.53°E, 15 December 1960, Letouzey R. 2616 (P,YA). South Region: Longii small marsh near seashore, 3.06°N, 9.966°E, 22 March 1969, Bos J.J. 4194 (BR,K,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); Kribi roadside in New Bell, 2.95°N, 9.916°E, 14 May 1969, Bos J.J. 4526 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,POZG,WAG,YA); on road Lolodorf-Bipindi ca half way near Mbiguiligui village (Mbikiliki), 3.16°N, 10.53°E, 26 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1155 (MPU,P,WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.73°E, 20 February 1996, Elad M. 444 (WAG). South-West Region: Mungo River F.R., 4.78°N, 9.566°E, 02 December 1999, Cheek M. 10228 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Abang road, 4.92°N, 9.733°E, 14 December 1999, Cheek M. 10357 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Mount Cameroon National Park on the Bomona trail behind Bomona village 10 km NW from Idenau, 4.29°N, 9.079°E, 03 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1050 (WAG,YA); 2 km north of Nyasoso towards Mpako, 4.84°N, 9.679°E, 04 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1055 (WAG,YA); on trail from Ekongo village located 5 km before the entrance to Limbe 7 km on secondary road On flank of Mt Etinde 100 m in Mont Cameroon National Park, 4.06°N, 9.166°E, 16 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 514 (WAG,YA); Ngusi, 4.83°N, 9.683°E, 15 January 1996, Etuge M. 1576 (K,WAG,YA); Nyasoso-Bedume road God-dat trail(opposite Ngusi road), 4.83°N, 9.683°E, 02 July 1996, Etuge M. 2516 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Mbolekang 1-2 km N of Nyandong village crossing Ndebessong river, 4.96°N, 9.579°E, 24 March 2003, Ghogue J.-P. 1487 (K); Entre Okoroba et Mbinda 20 km NW Nguti, 5.45°N, 9.272°E, 14 June 1975, Letouzey R. 13825 (P,YA); Limbe (Victoria), 4.01°N, 9.2°E, Preuss P.R. 1303 (BR,K,P,S). West Region: Bayangam, 5.3°N, 10.45°E, 17 December 1978, Westphal E. 10173 (P,WAG); Bayangam, 5.3°N, 10.45°E, 28 March 1979, Westphal E. 10204 (P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 252-255, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Toussaintia hallei Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 7: 99, 1967 Fig. 101; Map 12H Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Ivindo; Belinga, Hallé N. 4189 , 2 Jul 1966: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00046762]; isotypes: P[P00046760, P00046761]. Description. Liana, 10-15 m tall, d.b.h. 4 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 4-7 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 5-14 cm long, 3.5-5 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base rounded, subcoriaceous, below pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 7 to 10 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate, very dense and tight. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 12 to 14 perianth parts in 3 to 4 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; peduncle short, ca. 2 mm long; pedicel 10-17 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose; one large bract at the base of the inflorescence, 7-13 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, elliptic; floral bracts 2 to 4, one basal and several upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 5-9 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, elliptic; upper bracts 5-8 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, elliptic; sepals 3, valvate, free, 10-18 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, margins flat, slightly reflexed in bud; petals free, valvate, sub equal; petals 15-30 mm long, 5-9 mm wide, narrowly obovate, apex rounded, base truncate, greenish-yellow, streaked with red-brown, base shading into bright white, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; staminodes absent; stamens 300 to 350, in 20 to 30 rows arranged on a long conical receptacle (androgynophore), ca.1 mm long, linear; connective discoid, glabrous, yellow; carpels free, 20 to 22, ovary 4-5 mm long, stigma shortly bilobed, glabrous. Fruits unknown. Distribution. A central African species, known from Gabon, Cameroon and Republic of Congo. In Cameroon known from the East region (one collection). Habitat. A very rare species across its range. In primary rain forests. Altitude ca. 400 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Toussaintia hallei is characterized by leaves that are shiny above and have a reticulate and very dense tertiary venation. The flowers have 9 to 10 petals inserted in 2 to 3 whorls and numerous stamens inserted horizontally on a very strongly convex receptacle referred to as an androgynophore, all unusual and unique features among Cameroonian Annonaceae (Le Thomas 1967b, 1969b; Luke and Deroin 2005). This species is rarely collected and is known from a single collection in Cameroon. Specimen examined. East Region: ca 30 km NW of Moloundou, 2.25°N, 15.08°E, 07 December 1982, de Kruif A.P.M. 871 (WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 325-327, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Le Thomas, A, 1967b. Presence du genre Toussaintia (Annonacee) au Gabon. Adansonia 7: 97 - 100","Luke, Q, Deroin, T, 2005. A new Toussaintia (Annonaceae) from Tanzania. Journal of East African Natural History 94: 165-174. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[165:ANTAFT]2.0.CO;2"]}

Letestudoxa lanuginosa Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 6: 145, 1966 Figs 42, 43; Map 6A Type. Gabon. Woleu-Ntem; Ncout, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 9320, 13 Oct 1938: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00364781]; isotypes: P[P00364782, P00364783]. Description. Liana, 20 m tall, d.b.h. 2-3 cm in diameter; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches densely pubescent to tomentose, young foliate branches densely pubescent to tomentose. Leaves: petiole 6-12 mm long, 3-6 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-28 cm long, 7-12 cm wide, obovate to sometimes oblong, apex rounded or emarginate or obcordate or mucronate, acumen 0.1-1.9 cm long, base cordate, coriaceous, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old; secondary veins 11 to 18 pairs, densely pubescent below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 3-11 mm long, 4-7 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit unknown; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bract 8-13 mm long, 10-15 mm wide; upper bract 8-18 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, clasping the flower bud; sepals 3, valvate, completely fused, tearing at anthesis, 10-20 mm long, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, imbricate, 30-50 mm long, 30-40 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to acute, base attenuate, orange to red, margins crisped, densely pubescent inside, pubescent outside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 25-35 mm long, 15-25 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base attenuate, claw ca. 5 mm long, orange to red, margins wavy, densely pubescent inside, pubescent outside; stamens 750 to 800, in 16 to 20 rows, 7-10 mm long, broad; connective flattened, pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 150, ovary 2-2.5 mm long, stigma capitate, pubescent. Fruits unknown. Distribution. Known from southern Cameroon to Gabon; in Cameroon known from the South region. Habitat. A frequent species when present; growing on non-inundated soils, in primary or secondary forests, sometimes near rivers and swampy areas. Altitude 100-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. See under L. bella for differences between the two species. This species can be confused with Uvaria bipindensis (also a liana) by the size of its leaves (to 27 cm long) and cordate shape of the leaf base. They differ however but the presence of stellate hairs in Uvaria bipindensis. Specimens examined. South Region: Ma’an 3 km on small road towards Ntem river, 2.34°N, 10.63°E, 25 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1148 (MPU,WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.48°N, 10.33°E, 13 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 697 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.48°N, 10.33°E, 13 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 698 (WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Boucle du Ntem, 2.34°N, 10.58°E, 16 February 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3166 (KRIBI,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 156-159, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Artabotrys dielsianus Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 9: 442, 1969 Figs 13, 14; Map 2D Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 510, 1 Jan 1914: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00363381]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153019]; BR[BR0000008820693]; P[P00363377]; U[U 0000237]; WAG[WAG0000084,WAG0000085]. Description. Liana, height unknown, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches pubescent, young foliate branches tomentose to densely pubescent with long, up to 2 mm, ferruginous hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-24 cm long, 6-7 cm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base subcordate, coriaceous, below densely pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 13 to 16 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences, ramiflorous on old leafless branches, generally without leaves, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 10 to 15 per inflorescence, hook-shaped peduncle 12-17 mm long; pedicel 3-4 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; bracts ca. 2, all basal, basal bracts 5 mm long, 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-12 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 20-35 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base broad and concave, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-25 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base broad and concave, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens 50 to 70, in 3 to 4 rows, 1-2 mm long, cuneiform; connective discoid, pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 25 to 32, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Fruits unknown. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the South region. Habitat. Rare species; in primary lowland rain forest. Altitude 0-200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Artabotrys dielsiana is characterized by its densely pubescent young foliate branches with longish ferruginous hairs, leaf blades with a subcordate leaf base and pubescent below but glabrous above (including the midrib), and tightly packed flowers mainly borne on leafless branches (Le Thomas 1969a). This species has only been collected four times. Specimens examined. South Region: Lélé, 2.29°N, 13.34°E, 06 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 453 (WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area 2.28°N, 9.866°E, 03 October 2001, van Andel T.R. 4128 (KRIBI,U,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1914, Zenker G.A. 2087 (WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1914, Zenker G.A. 510 (B,P,U,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969a. A propos d'un Artabotrys meconnu du Cameroun. Adansonia ser. 2 9: 11-15."]}

Monanthotaxis hexamera P.H.Hoekstra, Blumea 66 (1): 163, 2021 Fig. 60; Map 8A Type. Cameroon. South Region; près de zingui, Letouzey R.G. 10288, 5 Apr 1970: holotype: P[P01960096]; isotype: YA[YA0002998]. Description. Liana, up to 3 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches pubescent with dense appressed to ascending yellowish-white hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 9.5-11.5 cm long, 3.3-4.1 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acute, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, papyraceous, below sparsely pubescent with yellowish-white hairs when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 11 to 13 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed to axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 15-24 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit unknown; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; upper bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 0.5-1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 4.5-8 mm long, 3.7-5.8 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, white, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, pubescent, base glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 5.1 mm long, 2.7-2.9 mm wide, elliptic, apex obtuse and shortly acuminate, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; stamens 6, in 1 row, ca. 2 mm long, linear; connective truncate, pubescent, filament ca. 2 mm long; staminodes absent; carpels free, 6, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Fruits unknown. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known only from the type locality in the South region. Habitat. In bushy scrub. Altitude ca. 450 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered (CR) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis hexamera can be distinguished from the other Cameroonian species by the yellowish-white hairs on the branches and leaf underside. Furthermore, the stamens have very long filaments (ca. 2 mm long versus less than 0.5 mm long in other species), a characteristic only shared with Monanthotaxis filamentosa, which has a very different indumentum consisting of long erect reddish-brown hairs., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 209-212, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Xylopia thomsonii Oliv., Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 31, 1868 Fig. 153; Map 19D ≡ Xylopicrum thomsonii (Oliver) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8, 1891. = Xylopia pyrifolia Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179, 1895. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ituri Province, Bataibo am Duki, Stuhlmann F.L. 2781, 7 Nov 1891: holotype: B[100153155]. = Xylopia tenuifolia Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 298, 1899; Xylopicrum tenuifolium (Engler & Diels) Kuntze, Deutsch. Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173-174, 1903. Type. Cameroon. South-West Region, Urwald zwischen Mowange und Isongo, Preuss C.G.T. s.n., Mar 1897: B, apparently destroyed. = Xylopia seretii [" sereti "] De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3: 79, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Haut-Uele, bords d’une riviere sur la route de Faradje à Vankerkhovenville, Seret F. 555, 12 Apr 1906: holotype: BR[BR0000024941396]; isotype: BR[0000008824370]. Type. Nigeria. Rivers state; Old Calabar, Thomson W.C. 53, no date: holotype: K[000199064]. Description. Scandent shrub up to 10 m tall or rarely an upright tree, d.b.h. up to 17 cm; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches pubescent, young branches pubescent with erect dull gray to brown hairs 0.1-1.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-6 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 8.4-13.7 cm long, 2.5-4.7 cm wide, lanceolate, elliptic to oblong, or oblong-oblanceolate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.3-1.6 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, papyraceous, below glabrous to sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, generally discolorous; midrib sunken, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 11 to 17 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate or old leafless branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 (2) per inflorescence; pedicel 3-8 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 5-12 mm long, 2-8 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 3 to 6, overlapping toward pedicel base, 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-4 mm long, 3 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 14.6-49 mm long, 2.4-3.8 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute to obtuse, base broad and concave, cream to white, pubescent towards base outside, pubescent with glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 16-33 mm long, 2.1-3.2 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, cream to white, pubescent with glabrous base on both sides; stamens ca. 200, in 4 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 7 to 13, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigmas connivent, linear-falcate, 1.8-3.4 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 3-11 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 5 to 10(12), 21-65 mm long, 6-12 mm wide, narrowly oblong, weakly torulose, apex obtuse or with a beak 1-4 mm long, glabrous, verrucose or lenticellate (in vivo) and smooth to longitudinally wrinkled when dried, green outside, endocarp red to red-purple; seeds up to 9, commonly 4-8 per monocarp, in a single row, 9-12 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta thin, waxy, green in vivo; aril absent . Distribution. A widespread species in central Africa, from Nigeria to South Sudan and south to northeastern Angola; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central, Littoral, South-West, West and Adamaoua regions. Habitat. A common species with a wide ecological amplitude, in the understory of primary or old secondary rain forest or gallery forest, occasionally in marshy forest or forest edges near water. Altitude 0-1300 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. akwi (Ewondo, Breteler 931). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Harvey-Brown 2019m). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia thomsonii is a scandent shrub or occasionally a small tree occurring in lowland forests, usually near water. The relatively short pedicels with persistent overlapping bracts, and 1-flowered inflorescences are characteristic. Xylopia thomsonii was formerly included in Xylopia acutiflora (Dunal) A. Rich., which is now considered to be restricted to West Africa from Sierra Leone to southwestern Ivory Coast. In Cameroon it is most similar to X. monticola and X. elliotii; see the key for distinctions among those species. Selected specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: At Sabal Haleo 62 km NE de Tibati, 6.78°N, 13.17°E, 11 April 1983, Asonganyi J.N. 632 (P,YA); A 10 km à l’ouest de Bagodo, 6.42°N, 13.38°E, 28 July 1966, Letouzey R. 7563 (YA); Banyo, 6.75°N, 11.82°E, 08 June 1967, Letouzey R. 8552 (P,YA). Central Region: Ndanan I to Ndangan I Forest on path left of road after bridge, site of 25 m × 25 m plot, 3.61°N, 11.59°E, 16 March 2004, Cheek M. 11690 (K,YA); Ca 50 km S of Badjob ca 60 km SW of Eséka Along the Nyong-River, 3.68°N, 10.68°E, 20 March 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2172 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Syzygeraie près Malandi, 3.57°N, 11.22°E, 06 December 1959, Letouzey R. 2423 (P,YA); Près des lacs de Boubala, 5.75°N, 11.9°E, 13 December 1960, Letouzey R. 2566 (P,YA); Rive boisée de la Sanaga près Mbargue, 4.9°N, 13.08°E, 27 January 1960, Letouzey R. 2824 (P,YA). East Region: Bétaré Oya 5 km along road to Bertoua, 5.5°N, 14.1°E, 17 February 1960, Breteler F.J. 1063 (P,WAG,YA); Goyoum, 5.22°N, 13.38°E, 27 January 1961, Breteler F.J. 931 (BR,K,P,WAG); Mbussa, 6°N, 14.38°E, 29 April 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 9069 (K); Route Esseleke, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 15 February 1956, Nana P. 479 (P); Sangha River (international frontier) collected 30 km from Libongo southwards, 2.5°N, 16.06°E, 27 July 1987, Thomas D.W. 7281 (YA). Littoral Region: 8 km W of Massok, 4.13°N, 10.47°E, 27 March 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 5217 (B,BR,C,GC,K,LUAI,MO,P,WAG,YA). North-West Region: Anyajua, 6.18°N, 10.36°E, 12 December 1998, Cheek M. 9923 (K,WAG,YA); Bamenda Distr Fonfuka, 6.53°N, 10.48°E, 01 May 1931, Maitland T.D. 1731 (K). South Region: Bitya near R Ja, 3.02°N, 12.37°E, 01 January 1921, Bates G.L. 1852 (P); S bank of Lobé R SE of Gr Batanga ferry, 2.88°N, 9.892°E, 11 October 1969, Bos J.J. 5475 (BR,C,K,LD,P,WAG,YA); Ca 10 km SW of Ambam S of Ebolowa On N bank of Ntem-River, 2.38°N, 11.28°E, 02 March 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2043 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Colline de Mill (5 km NE Lolodorf), 3.23°N, 10.73°E, 26 January 1974, Letouzey R. 12797 (P,YA); Ngoasik (10 km SSE Ambam) rive du Nt, 2.28°N, 11.33°E, 01 March 1963, Raynal J. 10130 (P,YA); Campo-Ma’an National Park, 2.33°N, 10.5°E, 24 August 2001, van Andel T.R. 4023 (KRIBI,WAG). South-West Region: Menyum (Bakossi), 4.6°N, 9°E, 28 February 1987, Doumenge C. 313 (MO,P,WAG); Mai Idoanu, 4.24°N, 8.99°E, 12 February 1955, Latilo M.G. 34468 (P); Onge River, 4.3°N, 8.95°E, 20 October 1993, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 896 (K,YA); Disturbed forest between Liwenyi and big Koto, 4.3°N, 8.95°E, 22 October 1993, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 942 (K,YA); Korup National Park, 5.05°N, 8.8°E, 28 February 1984, Thomas D.W. 3242 (MO,YA); Korup National Park, 4.98°N, 8.85°E, 12 January 1979, Thomas D.W. 595 (K). West Region: Baleng, 5.53°N, 10.38°E, 10 May 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2565 (WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 491-494, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Harvey-Brown, Y, 2019m. Xylopia thomsonii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T137098947A149068934. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T137098947A149068934.en"]}

Xylopia gilbertii Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 21: 110, 1951 Map 17H = Xylopia ardua Sillans, Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 33: 555, 1953. Type. Central African Republic: Lobaye, Boukoko, Tisserant C. 2329, Dec 1951: lectotype, designated Johnson and Murray (2018), p.110: P[P00169140]; isotypes: BM[000510989]; P[P00169141, P00169142, P00169143]; US[2679729]. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tshopo Region; Yangambi, plateau de la Luweo, Louis J.L.P. 6777, Nov 1937: holotype: BR[BR0000008824738]; isotypes: B[B100249561]; BM K[K000542217]; P[P00169152]; US. Description. Tree, up to 40 m tall, d.b.h. up to 40 cm; buttresses present, small. Old branches sparsely pubescent with erect hairs, young branches pubescent with persistent erect hairs 0.3-0.8 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, densely erect pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4.2-9.7 cm long, 2-3.3 cm wide, elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, occasionally oblong or ovate, apex acute to rounded, base cuneate to rounded, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent with erect hairs when young and old, above glabrous when young, glabrous to pubescent when old, slightly discolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 14 pairs, pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle 1.5-2.5 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 6 per inflorescence; pedicel 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 5-10 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 2, evenly spaced, 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free to basally fused, ca. 2 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, reniform to semicircular, apex acute to rounded, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal, fawn-olive, brown-violet, or purple; outer petals 3, 6.6-11 mm long, 2.4-4.4 mm wide at base, lanceolate to ovate, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, densely pubescent outside, pubescent but glabrous towards center inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 5.8-9.3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide at base, lanceolate, apex acuminate to obtuse, base broad and concave, with round glandlike thickenings on margins, pubescent outside, pubescent but glabrous towards center inside; stamens 80-130, in 6 to 7 rows, ca. 1 mm long, clavate to oblong; connective apex shield-like to capitate, glabrous; carpels 6 to 11, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigmas connivent, linear, 1.5-2.2 mm long, sparsely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 5-13 mm long, 1-4 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 10, 25-37 mm long, 10-13 mm wide, oblong, apex rounded or with a blunt beak 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with erect hairs, sparsely verrucose and weakly wrinkled when dried, reddish or purplish green outside, endocarp color unknown; seeds up to 6 per monocarp, in a single row, 7-10 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta red in vivo; aril absent. Distribution. From southern Cameroon to northern Gabon and Central African Republic and east to the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the East and South regions. Habitat. An uncommon or infrequently collected species, in submontane rain forests. Altitude 470-900 m. a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable (VU) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a z). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia gilbertii is characterized by the sparse but persistent erect hairs of the young branches, leaves, and monocarps, the relatively broad but small flowers on short pedicels, and the rounded marginal glandlike thickenings on the inner petals. The relatively short broad outer petals are shared only with X. staudtii and X. africana in the Cameroon flora. Specimens examined. East Region: A 9 km à l’ouest de Yenga Port Gentil village situé à 25 km au NNE de Moloundou, 2.34°N, 15.26°E, 21 April 1971, Letouzey R. 10701 (P,YA). South Region: Près Akonetye PK 95 sur route Mintom I (70 km E de Djoum)-Mbalam (140 km ESE de Djoum), 2.67°N, 12.87°E, 22 January 1973, Letouzey R. 11876 (P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 459-460, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Monanthotaxis Baill., Bull. Soc. Linn, Paris 2: 878, 1890 = Clathrospermum Planch. ex Benth., Gen. Pl. 1(1): 29, 1862. = Enneastemon Exell J. Bot. 70 (Suppl. 1): 209, 1932. = Exellia Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 21: 117, 1951. = Atopostema Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 21: 121, 1951. = Gilbertiella Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 21: 124, 1951. Description. Scrambling shrubs or lianas, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 11 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 1-11 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter; blade 3-35 cm long, 1.4-12.5 cm wide, linear to elliptic to ovate to obovate to oblong, apex acuminate to acute, base decurrent to subcordate, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 6 to 23 pairs; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals unisexual or bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, axillary, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with (6-)9 perianth parts in 2 or 3 whorls, 1 to more than 50 per inflorescence with a peduncle from 1 to 70 mm long; pedicel 1-60 mm long; in fruit 2-55 mm long; bracts 2 to 3, one or two basal and one inserted on the pedicel at varying levels; sepals 3, valvate, free, 0.5-10 mm long, ovate to elliptic to triangular, apex acute or obtuse, base truncate; petals free; outer petals 3 or 6 (when petals in one whorl), valvate, 1-50 mm long, 1-25 mm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acute to rounded, base truncate; inner petals (0-)3, valvate, 0.5-25 mm long, 0.3-10 mm wide, ovate to elliptic to rhombic, apex acute to rounded, base truncate; stamens 1 to more than 125, in 1 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, linear or cuneiform to clavate; anthers sometimes connate apically covering connectives, connective discoid to truncate to absent, glabrous or pubescent; staminodes 6 to 12(13) or absent; carpels free, 3 to 150, 1-4 mm long, stigma bilobed or cylindrical or elongate and flattened at top, pubescent or glabrous. Monocarps sessile or stipitate, stipes 1-25 mm long; monocarps 2 to 25, 6-60 mm long, 5-25 mm in diameter, moniliform, cylindrical to ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, smooth or verrucose or weakly torulose; seeds 6-25 mm long, 4-11 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Type species. Monanthotaxis congoensis Baill. A genus of scrambling shrubs or lianas with 79 known continental African species, from West, Central and East Africa, plus around 23 endemic species from Madagascar. In Cameroon 26 species are known, six endemic. The genus Monanthotaxis is easily identified when sterile by its lianescent or scrambling habit, discolorous leaves with very glaucous lower surface, and percurrent (parallel) tertiary venation. Some species are unisexual and have cauliflorous inflorescences; some are confirmed as monoecious, but for others, even though male and female flowers are known, it remains to be confirmed if they occur on the same or different individuals. The stamen number is highly variable within the genus ranging from 1 or 2 to over 100 (Hoekstra et al. 2018); some species have very characteristic large anthers fused towards the apex, hiding the small or absent connective (M. bicornis, M. pellegrinii and M. zenkeri). Some species also have staminodes varying in number from 6 to 12. In the checklist to the plants of Mt Cameroon (Cable and Cheek 1998, p. 11) the species M. oligandra Exell is cited as present, but its occurrence in the country is not confirmed by the recent taxonomic revision (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Though we have not seen the specimen, M. oligandra is not known to occur north of South-West Democratic Republic of the Congo, so its presence in Cameroon is unlikely. Taxonomy. African species (excluding Madagascar) are revised in Hoekstra et al. (2021)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 165-167, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Smets, E, Chatrou, LW, 2018. Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts. Scientific Reports 8: e12066. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30607-2","Cable, S, Cheek, M, 1998. The plants of Mt Cameroon: a conservation checklist. Kew Publishing. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew London","Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Xylopia talbotii Exell, J. Bot. 69: 98, 1931 Map 19C Type. Nigeria. Cross River State; Oban, Talbot P.A. 1601, 1912: holotype: BM; isotype: K[000199068]. Description. Tree, up to 5 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches glabrous to pubescent, young branches rusty-pubescent, with sparser erect hairs 1.5-2 mm long mixed with denser erect hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, rusty-pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 9.2-12.5 cm long, 3-4.2 cm wide, lanceolate-oblong to elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.9-1.7 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, papyraceous, below pubescent when young, densely pubescent to pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous to discolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 11 to 15 pairs, glabrous, above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 3-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, rusty-pubescent; in fruit 3-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2 to 3, evenly spaced, 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 4-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute to acuminate, base truncate, densely rusty-pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 32-38 mm long, 3.1-3.3 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute to obtuse, base broad and concave, color unknown, sericeous outside, pubescent and glabrous towards the base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 16-33 mm long, 2.1-3.2 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base truncate, color unknown, pubescent, base glabrous outside, pubescent and glabrous towards the base inside; stamens ca. 140, in rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels ca. 8, ovary 1 mm long, stigmas connivent, linear, bent at midpoint, 2.5-3 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps (only immature ones seen) sessile; monocarps ca. 8, 10-30 mm long, 9-25 mm wide, apex with a small curved beak, sparsely pubescent; seeds unknown. Distribution. Eastern Nigeria and Cameroon; in Cameroon known from South and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species, in Cameroon known from three collections; in gallery forests near rivers (Bos 4650) or lowland rain forests. Altitude: 0-50 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Data Deficient (DD) (Cosiaux et al. 2019b g). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia talbotii is readily distinguished by the striking and persistent rusty pubescence of the twigs, petioles, pedicels, and sepals, and the long-acuminate leaves. It is similar in flower characteristics to the more widespread X. thomsonii. Specimens examined. South Region: ca 10 km From Kribi S of Lolodorf road, 2.96°N, 9.966°E, 27 May 1969, Bos J.J. 4650 (BR,P,WAG,YA); Bebai - Camposgebiet - Weg u [locality reported as being in Equatorial Guinea], 2.17°N, 11.12°E, December 1908, Tessmann G. 747 (K). South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.05°N, 8.8°E, 03 April 1984, Thomas D.W. 3204 (K,MO,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 490-491, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019b. Annickia chlorantha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T60762300A60762303. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T60762300A60762303.en"]}

Hexalobus salicifolius Engl., Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 57, 1901 Fig. 31; Map 4H Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2268, 1900: holotype: B[B 10 0154199]; isotypes: BM[BM000546383]; COI[COI00033180]; G[G00011622, G00011623]; GEOT[GOET005680]; HBG[HBG518921]; K[K000582046]; L[L 0049299]; M[M0089219]; MO n.v.; P[P00363369, P00363367]; S[S12-22767]; WAG[WAG0053744]; WU[WU0025889]; Z[Z-000034502]. Description. Tree, up to 35 m tall, d.b.h. up to 100 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, trunk fluted. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1-3 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 5-10 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base cuneate, coriaceous, above glabrous when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, below pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 5 to 12 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 8-15 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 10-13 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 5 to 6, several basal and two (sometimes fused) towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bracts 5 mm long, 3 mm wide; upper bracts 5 mm long, 3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7-11 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 2-4 mm long, purple, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, equal; lobes 17-30 mm long, 4-8 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, cream to yellow, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent inside, plicate; stamens numerous, in 11 to 13 rows, ca. 2 mm long, elongated; connective discoid, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 3 to 4, ovary 2-3 mm long, stigma divided into two lobes with margins coiled inwards, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, 1-2 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 4, 60-93 mm long, 40-55 mm in diameter, ovoid to oblong, apex rounded, pubescent to glabrous, verrucose, rusty-brown when ripe; seeds 15 to 15 per monocarp, 22-31 mm long, 11-18 mm in diameter, flattened; aril absent. Distribution. Known from Cameroon, Gabon and the Republic of Congo (one specimen); in Cameroon known from the East, South and Central regions. Habitat. A fairly scarce species, in primary and secondary lowland and pre-montane rain forest, occasionally in semi-deciduous forests, in periodically inundated forests and on river banks. Altitude 50-900 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Ooué (dial. Jaundi, Hédin 1663 ); Owoé (dial. Yetbou, Médou 1703 ). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019o). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Hexalobus salicifolius is morphologically close to H. crispiflorus from which it is distinguished by its smaller leaves, fewer carpels (2 to 4 versus 7 to 16 in H. crispiflorus) and verrucose monocarps (versus smooth in H. crispiflorus). Specimens examined. South Region: South Province 15 km from Kribi, 2.96°N, 9.933°E, 28 August 1970, Bos J.J. s.n. (WAG[WAG0162941]); Campakok (Camp Akok), 2.65°N, 9.9°E, 30 October 1991, Hallé F. 4181 (WAG); Colline près Mezese à 17 km ENE de Sangméli 2.95°N, 12.14°E, 19 October 1966, Letouzey R. 8122 (BR,P,YA); Bidou, 2.85°N, 9.991°E, 28 May 1954, Médou J. SRFK 1703 (P,YA); 22 km NE of Kribi Kribi-Bipindi road Bidou I cultivated fields NE of village, 3.00°N, 10.09°E, 04 June 2006, van Velzen R. 98 (WAG); 26 km N of Kribi SE of the toll post for Kribi-Edéa road forest at Bebamboue II, 3.05°N, 9.987°E, 26 May 2006, van Velzen R. 99 (WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1900, Zenker G.A. 2268 (COI,G,G,K,L,M,MO,P,S,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1907, Zenker G.A. 3330 (BR,G,UPS)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 128-129, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019o. Hexalobus salicifolius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T32927A132520473. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T32927A132520473.en"]}

Piptostigma calophyllum Mildbr. & Diels., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53(3-5): 443, 1915 Figs 85, 86; Map 10H Type. Cameroon. South Region; Ebolowa, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5791, 4 Jul 1911: holotype: B[B100154077]; isotypes: HBG[HBG502525, HBG502527, HBG50252]; L[L0196773]; P[P00363307, P00363307]; YA[YA0002833]. Description. Tree, 8-10 m tall, d.b.h. 6-20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 4-11 mm long, 3-6 mm in diameter, tomentose, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 30-66 cm long, 14-34 cm wide, obovate, apex emarginate to mucronate, acumen 0.7-0.8 cm long, base cordate to acute, coriaceous, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 30 to 40 pairs, sparsely pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, 2-2.5 cm long, peduncle like base 5-9 mm, axial internodes 2-4 mm long, compact, sympodial rachis 10-15 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 3 to 6 per inflorescence; pedicel ca. 6 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 9-11 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, tomentose; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract ca. 7 mm long, ca. 7 mm wide; upper bract ca. 7 mm long, ca. 7 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 4-5 mm long, 4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 5-7 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate to obtuse, base truncate, light yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 50-60 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, pink to yellow, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens 70 to 150, in 5 to 6 rows, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 8 to 10, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma globose, densely pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 2 to 5, 12-35 mm long, 10-28 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex cuspidate, tomentose, smooth, not ribbed, brown when ripe; seeds number not counted, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon; in Cameroon known from the Central, South and Littoral regions. Habitat. An uncommon species; in lowland rain forests on non-inundated soils. Altitude 0-400 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable B2ab(iii) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a f). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma calophyllum is characterized by its large obovate and coriaceous leaf blades (> 30 cm) with a broadly cordate base, tomentose petioles and young foliate branches, compact inflorescences, and tomentose smooth monocarps. It is a lowland species. It is morphologically close to P. submontanum, but the latter has a decurrent to cuneate leaf blade base, muricate and glabrous monocarps, and occurs in submontane areas (> 900 m a.s.l.). Specimens examined. Central Region: Edea (Mangombé), 3.8°N, 10.13°E, 01 January 1963, Letouzey R. s.n. (P). Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.39°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1167b (K,MPU,P,WAG,YA); Bassin du Mungo, 4.17°N, 9.52°E, 01 June 1917, Fleury F. 33400 (P); Edea Mangombe, 3.86°N, 10.14°E, 01 January 1956, Letouzey R. 1936 (P,YA); Route Douala-Edéa près du km 28, 4.05°N, 9.689°E, 18 January 1962, Letouzey R. 4011 (P,YA). South Region: Ngovayang, 3.23°N, 10.57°E, 01 June 2015, Kamdem N. 295 (YA); Près Akak 10 km W Sangmeli 2.96°N, 11.88°E, 11 March 1970, Letouzey R. 10157 (P,YA); Piste Meyo Ntem-Evouzok 75 km W Ambam Entre 1er et 3e bras du Ntem, 2.28°N, 10.52°E, 28 November 1979, Letouzey R. 15272 (P,YA); Ebolowa Cameroon, 2.76°N, 10.91°E, 04 July 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5791 (B,L,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 279-281, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Monanthotaxis tripetala P.H.Hoekstra, PhytoKeys 69: 96, 2016 Figs 70, 71; Map 9C Type. Cameroon. East Region; 15 km E of Dimako, village halfway Bertoua-Doumé, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 5828, 11 Jun 1965: holotype: WAG [WAG0110801, WAG0110802]; isotypes: B[B100190273]; BR[BR0000014126253]; C; EA; K; LISC; MO; P[P01967268]; PRE; YA. Description. Liana, 3 m tall, d.b.h. to 11 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches pubescent with very short appressed reddish brown hairs 0.1 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4.2-16.2 cm long, 1.8-5.3 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base rounded, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 7 to 10 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent . Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary. Flowers with 6 to 7 perianth parts in 2 to 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence, peduncle 0-6 mm long, pubescent; pedicel 12-20 mm long, 0.5 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 16-29 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; basal bract not seen; upper bracts ca. 1 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner (when present), inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 2-2.2 mm long, ca. 2.2 mm wide, broadly ovate to circular, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals absent or more rarely 1 minute, ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 0.5-0.6 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent and glabrous towards the base inside; stamens 9 to 12, in 1 row, ca. 1 mm long, linear to clavate; connective reduced, slightly acute, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 9, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma flat, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 7-22 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; monocarps up to 7, 110-130 mm long, 8-9 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, verrucose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, yellow when ripe; seeds 1 to 4 per monocarp, ca. 17 mm long, ca. 7 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A Central African species, from Cameroon to Gabon, in Cameroon known from the East region. Habitat. A rare species, known from a single collection in Cameroon; in lowland primary or secondary rain forests, on hillsides. Altitude ~650 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis tripetala is distinguished by the small axillary bisexual flowers, of which the inner petals are highly reduced or absent. The latter character also occurs in the male flowers of Monanthotaxis cauliflora and M. diclina, but those have unisexual flowers., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 236-238, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Xylopia rubescens Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 30, 1868 Fig. 151; Map 19A ≡ Xylopicrum rubescens (Oliver) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8, 1891. = Xylopia klaineana Pierre ex Engler & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 59-60. 1901. Xylopia rubescens Oliver var. klaineana (Engler & Diels) Pellegrin, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Mém. 31: 70. 1949. Type. Gabon. Without definite locality, Klaine T.-J. 1327, Oct 1898: holotype: P[P00169139]; isotypes: B[B100154150], P[P00169138]). = Xylopia humilis Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 60, 1901. Type. Liberia. Grand Bassa County, Fishtown bei Granbassa, Dinklage M.J. 2006, 27 Aug 1898: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 49: B[B10 0154147]; isotypes: A[A00061927, A00062417]; B[B100154145, B100154146, B1001541480]; K[K000199074, K000199075, K000199076]. = Xylopia batesii Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 62, 1901. Type. Gabon. Angom, 70 engl. Meilen östlich von Gabun, Bates G.L. 561, Oct 1896: holotype: K[K000199058]; isotypes: BM[BM000510769]; G[G00190711]; P[P00169131, P00169132]. = Xylopia butayei De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 4, 1: 33, 1902. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kongo Central, Malela (Bas-Congo), Butaye R. 2239, no date: holotype: BR; isotype: BR[BR0000008825391]. = Xylopia zenkeri Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 480, 1907. Type. Cameroon. South Province, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2827, Mar 1904: holotype B[B 100154149]; isotypes: BM[BM 000511041]; G [00190712, G 00190713]; GOET[GOET 005735]; HBG[HBG 502474]; K[000199060]; L [0196246]; M[M 0107919]; P[P00169131]; S[S 07-13458]; WAG[WAG 0065882]; WU[WU 0025792]. = Xylopia gossweileri Exell, J. Bot. Suppl. 6: 64, 1926. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Pango Munga, Mayumbe, Gossweiler J. 6222, no date: holotype: BM[M000511046]. Type. Nigeria. Rivers state; Old Calabar, Thomson W.C. 53, no date: holotype: K[K000199073]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 70 cm; stilt roots present, up to 2 m on the trunk. Old branches glabrous, turning grayish white, young branches glabrous to pubescent with appressed golden hairs 0.2-0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 5-12 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 7.3-21.3 cm long, 3.6-8.4 cm wide, oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, apex acuminate to cuspidate, acumen 0.2-1.5 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, decurrent, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely appressed-pubescent, rarely glabrous, above glabrous, strongly discolorous; midrib flat to sunken, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous to sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate or more often clustered on older leafless branches, axillary, peduncle 1.5-2.5 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-9 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 9-15 mm long, 2-7 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts (2)3(5), evenly spaced, 1-3 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate to broadly triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, sericeous outside, glabrous inside; petals free, outer petals much longer than inner; outer petals 3, 17.6-35 mm long, 2.5-5.1 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow, pubescent outside, pubescent and glabrous towards the base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 3.5-6.7 mm long, 2.2-4.6 mm wide, ovate to rhombic, apex acuminate, base broad and concave, red with cream base and apex, pubescent outside, pubescent and glabrous towards the base inside; stamens 70 to 77, in 4 to 5 rows, ca. 2 mm long, clavate to oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 4 to 12, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigmas loosely connivent, linear, 1.4-2.9 mm long, with glandular appendages. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 4-20 mm long, 2-6 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 15, 41-16 mm long, 6-12 mm wide, narrowly oblong, somewhat falciform and strongly torulose to moniliform, apex with a distinct beak up to 5 mm long, glabrous, verrucose and wrinkled when dried, black or dark purple outside, endocarp pink to scarlet; seeds 1 to 7 per monocarp, in a single row, 10-20 mm long, 6-11 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta absent; aril present, brushlike, unlobed, red to orange. Distribution. A widespread species with a disjunct distribution in West Africa, from Guinea-Bissau to Ghana, and in Central Africa from Nigeria to southern South Sudan and south to northern Angola and Mozambique; in Cameroon known from East, South, Littoral and regions. Habitat. A common species, in a range of wetland habitats, including gallery and other riparian forests, swamp forest, Raphia swamps, and pond edges. Altitude 0-900 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. ntua (Fleury 33135), odjobi (Letouzey 1611), odjobi nzam (Focho et al. 2010), odzobé (Fleury 33135), ôjobi (Bates 1317). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019b e). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia rubescens is readily recognized by the combination of relatively large leaves with decurrent bases, which often have an orange-red color on the lower surface of the leaf in dried specimens, branches with grayish white, narrow flowers that are often clustered on leafless porolder branches, and distinctly torulose to moniliform monocarps. Throughout its wide range it is a wetland species, and one of the few Xylopia species with stilt roots. The short inner petals and brushlike arils distinguish X. rubescens from X. aethiopica, with which it is sometimes confused. Specimens examined. East Region: Marécage du Niagoul entre Koumbou et Miambo, 4.27°N, 12.9°E, 13 April 1959, Letouzey R. 1611 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Duala, 4.05°N, 9.71°E, 01 June 1917, Fleury F. 33135 (P). South Region: Batanga, 2.86°N, 9.889°E, 20 September 1945, Aubréville A. 125 (P); Bitye Yaunde, 3.02°N, 12.37°E, 01 January 1919, Bates G.L. 1317 (BM,MO); N´Koemvone, 2.8°N, 11.13°E, 11 April 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 8166 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Près Akok Bikélé, 3.8°N, 12.7°E, 03 March 1962, Letouzey R. 4464 (YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2827 (G,L,M,WAG). Unknown region: Vuneli, 01 February 1928, Hédin L. 1668 (P, OWU)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 484-487, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Focho, DA, Egbe, EA, Chuyong, GB, Fongod, AGN, Fonge, BA, Ndam, WT, Youssoufa, BM, 2010. An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4: 2148 - 2158","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019b. Annickia chlorantha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T60762300A60762303. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T60762300A60762303.en"]}

Piptostigma mayndongtsaeanum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 201, 2017 Map 11F Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; Korup National Park, van der Burgt R. 689, 25 Aug 2004: holotype: WAG[WAG0204511]; isotypes: BR[BR0000013174750]; P[P06901232]. Description. Tree, up to 10 m tall, d.b.h. 17 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 6-8 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 23.5-36.5 cm long, 6.5-8.5 cm wide, narrowly to very narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate (rarely), apex obtuse, base obtuse, papyraceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 22 to 32 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary, peduncle like base 15-30 mm long, axial internodes 1-50 mm long, lax or panicle-like, sympodial rachis 30-100 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 5 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-7 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 15 mm long, 3 mm in diameter, pubescent; basal bract ca. 3 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide; upper bract ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 5-6 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, obovate, apex acute, base truncate, pale yellow to cream, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 30-40 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, pale yellow to cream, margins wavy, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 4, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 3, 21-43 mm long, 27-53 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex rounded, pubescent, verrucose with short flat projections, not ribbed, light red all over when ripe; seeds up to 6 per monocarp, ca. 16 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, transversely ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the South and South-West regions. Habitat. A very rare species known from five collections; in primary rain forest on well-drained sandy soils, intermixed with crystalline rocks. Altitude c. 100 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a m). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma mayndongtsaeanum differs from other species of the genus by the narrow shape of its leaf blade (from narrowly to very narrowly elliptic) and the shape of its monocarps (transversely ellipsoid). Specimens examined. South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.52°N, 10.32°E, 11 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 672 (P,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Korup National Park Ndian, 5.06°N, 8.866°E, 19 June 2000, Sainge M. 558 (MO); Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.85°E, 10 March 1986, Thomas D.W. 5840 (MO); Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.8°E, 25 August 2004, van der Burgt X.M. 689 (BR,G,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.8°E, 29 October 2005, van der Burgt X.M. 790 (K,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 295-296, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Meiocarpidium oliverianum (Baillon) D.M.Johnson & N.A.Murray, PhytoKeys 97: 221, 2018 Figs 44, 45; Map 6B ≡ Unona oliveriana Baillon, Adansonia 8: 307, 1868; Unona lepidota Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 36, 1868; Meiocarpidium lepidotum (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 55, 1900. = Uvaria zenkeri Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 293, 1899. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 1864, 1896: lectotype, here designated: K[K000198806]; isolectotypes: K[K000198807]; HBG[HBG502509, HBG502510]; WU[WU0025880, WU0025879]. Type. Equatorial Guinea. Rio Muni; Muni River, Mann G. 1774, Aug 1862: lectotype, sheet here designated: K[K000795931]; isotypes: K[K000795932]; P[P00362615]. Description. Tree, 8-20 m tall, d.b.h. 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of peltate scale-like hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 9-11 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-20 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1-2 cm long, base decurrent to acute, coriaceous, below densely pubescent when young giving a silvery color, pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed above, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 13 to 17 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 20-30 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 20-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bract 8-9 mm long, 1 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, valvate, 15-25 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, cream, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-25 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base narrowed into a claw 3-5 mm long, cream, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 90 to 100, in 5 to 6 rows, 3-4 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 3 to 5, ovary 7-8 mm long, stigma capitate, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 3 to 4, 40-60 mm long, 20-30 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex rounded to apiculate, pubescent, smooth, silver-green when ripe; seeds 14 to 16 per monocarp, 10-20 mm long, 5-10 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid to oblong; aril absent. Distribution. Known from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea Gabon and Republic of Congo, one collection for the Democratic Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from East, South, Littoral and Central regions. Habitat. A frequent species when present; growing on swampy, periodically inundated or well-drained soils, in primary or secondary forests, sometimes near rivers and swampy areas. Altitude 50-500 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. mambéléngé, mandongé (dial. Baka bibaya). IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated (probably LC). Uses in Cameroon. medicine: bark used to allay fever; construction: wood used to make spoons. Notes. Meiocarpidium oliverianum is easily identifiable by the presence of peltate scale-like hairs on the lower side of the leaf blade, calyx and fruits, giving these parts a silvery aspect and color. The species was previsously known under the name Meiocarpidium lepidotum (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels, but the name Meiocarpidium oliverianum of Baillon (1868) was published earlier and has priority (Johnson and Murray 2018). Selected specimens examined. Central Region: Bank Nyong River near the new bridge ca 65 km SSW of Eséka, 3.65°N, 10.78°E, 17 June 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2735 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Bafia region, 4.75°N, 11.23°E, 18 December 1957, de Wit H.C.D 7948 (WAG). East Region: Berbérati, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 01 March 1963, BPFV 2664 (P); 47 km NW of Bertoua near road from Mbang to Abaka, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 22 May 1961, Breteler F.J. 1398 (A,BR,K,M,P,UC,WAG,YA); Bertoua 9 km along road to Deng Deng, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 31 August 1961, Breteler F.J. 1817 (A,BR,K,M,P,WAG,YA); 70 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.73°E, 04 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1193 (MPU,WAG,YA); Yokadouma 3.52°N, 15.05°E, 11 September 1939, Jacques-Félix H. 4904 (P); Deng Deng, 5.20°N, 13.13°E, 27 July 2014, Kamdem N. 169 (YA); sur la route de Esseleké, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 18 August 1955, Nana P. 213 (P,YA); km 38 de la route de Deng-Deng, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 17 September 1955, Nana P. 257 (P,YA); Environ de Landjwe 25 km SW Yokadouma 3.47°N, 14.93°E, 16 June 1984, Satabié B. 767 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1182 (MPU,WAG,YA). South Region: 6 km N of km Kribi-Lolodorf, 3.08°N, 10.25°E, 12 March 1970, Bos J.J. 6523 (WAG); Near village Oveng 27 km from Sangmélima along road to Yaoundé, 3.09°N, 11.90°E, 20 March 1962, Breteler F.J. 2646 (BR,K,L,P,U,WAG,YA); Campo Ma an National Park 26 km after Ntem river, 3.07°N, 14.64°E, 08 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 376 (WAG,YA); on road from Lolodorf to Mekalat just after 1sty village Along the Malange river, 3.19°N, 10.71°E, 20 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 407 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.46°N, 10.35°E, 14 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 709 (WAG,YA); Station de cacaoyer de N’koemvone 14 km On the road from Ebolowa to Ambam, 2.81°N, 11.13°E, 27 September 1974, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7576 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Ebolowa SW of Mbalmayo, 2.96°N, 11.28°E, 27 February 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 1942 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Près Akak 10 km W Sangmeli 2.96°N, 11.88°E, 11 March 1970, Letouzey R. 10153 (P,YA); Ebom, 3.05°N, 10.71°E, 29 August 1996, Ndoum D. 88 (KRIBI,WAG); Campo-Ma’an area 2.39°N, 10.07°E, 12 June 2001, van Andel T.R. 3619 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Akom II, 2.8°N, 10.53°E, 18 August 2001, van Andel T.R. 3931 (U,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 1898, Zenker G.A. 1864 (P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1902, Zenker G.A. 2505 (P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1903, Zenker G.A. 2521 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2947 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3221 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1911, Zenker G.A. 4209 (P,U); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1918, Zenker G.A. 60 (P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 160-162, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Baillon, H, 1868. Memoire sur la famille des Annonacees. Adansonia 8: 295 - 344","Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975"]}