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The bromine atom in an o-bromo-o'-hydroxyazo dye has been found to react with wool in the presence of copper sulfate. Several reactive dyes of this type for wool have been prepared. The extent of reaction with the fiber has been studied. These dyes do not react with silk or nylon. The lightfastness of the dyeings on wool and nylon has been studied and found to be poor.

Several α-bromoanthraquinone derivatives and quinizarin-2-sulfonic acid have been found to react with the thiol (cysteine) parts of wool. The dyeing properties (extent of exhaustion and fixation) and the light fastness of the dyeings have been studied.

The scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave of wave numberk, by an infinite slit (of width2a) formed by two unidirectionally conducting, semi-infinite coplanar screens of zero thickness is considered. By employing an integral equation procedure, a rigorous asymptotic solution is obtained up to order(ka)^{-5/2}. The currents induced on the screens and the first few terms in the transmission coefficient are evaluated. The similarity between this and the corresponding problem involving perfectly conducting screens is pointed out.

The scattering of plane electromagnetic wave of wave numberkby a circular aperture of radiusain an infinitely conducting plane screen of zero thickness and infinite extent is considered. In the limit of largekaand at normal incidence, the ratio of the transmission cross section to the geometrical optical value\pi a^{2}, is found up to the order(ka)^{-5^{j}2}.

The scattering of plane electromagnetic waves of wave numberkby an infinite slit of width2aformed by two perfectly conducting coplanar screens of zero thickness is considered. In the limit of largekaand at grazing incidence, the asymptotic series for the transmission cross section per unit length of the slit is evaluated up to the order(ka)^{-11 i 2}.

The properties of a dipole antenna coupled electromagnetically to a two-wire transmission line are studied experimentally. It is found that the coupling of the antenna to the transmission line can be maximized by a proper choice of 1) the angular position of the antenna with respect to the transmission line, 2) the length of the antenna, and 3) the separation of the antenna from the transmission line. The effect of the spacing between the wires of the transmission line on the optimum parameters is investigated. It is found that the optimum angular position of the antenna is not noticeably altered if, instead of a single antenna, an array of properly located antennas is used as the load. The advantage of an antenna array built on this coupling principle is discussed.

The nonparaxial wave obtained by Seshadri [Appl. Opt.45, 5335 (2006)]APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.45.005335 is correct. The difference in the input field distributions of the nonparaxial wave and the corresponding paraxial beam is correct and is not caused by any error in the treatment. As is to be expected, in the appropriate limit, the nonparaxial wave reduces to the paraxial beam for 0≤ z ≤ ∞ including the secondary source plane and for z ? ∞.

The full-wave generalization of the scalar Gaussian paraxial beam is determined by an analytical continuation of the field of a point source for the Helmholtz equation. The regions of validity of the analytically continued fields are investigated for the outgoing and the incoming waves. The two independent wave functions valid for the two half-spaces separating the secondary source plane are deduced.

The exact full-wave generalization of the cylindrically symmetric scalar real-argument Laguerre-Gauss beam is determined. The radiation intensity of the resulting Laguerre-Gauss wave is deduced, and the main characteristics of the radiation intensity pattern are described. The total power P_n is evaluated, where n is the radial mode number. By the use of 1/P_n as the quality parameter, the characteristics of the quality of the paraxial beam approximation to the full Laguerre-Gauss wave are discussed.

A general method is presented for the determination of the time-averaged power associated with the self-interaction and the mutual interaction of cylindrically symmetric complex-argument Laguerre-Gauss beams. The method is also applied for the determination of two useful moments of the time-averaged Poynting vector.

A virtual source that generates a Hermite–Gauss wave of mode numbers m and n is introduced. An expression is obtained for this Hermite–Gauss wave. From this expression, the paraxial approximation and the first 3 orders of nonparaxial corrections for the corresponding paraxial Hermite–Gauss beam are determined. When both m and n are even, leading to maximum amplitude along the axis, the number of orders of nonvanishing nonparaxial corrections is found to be equal to (m + n)/2.

A virtual source that generates a cylindrically symmetric Laguerre–Gauss wave of radial mode number n is introduced. An expression is derived for this Laguerre–Gauss wave that in the appropriate limit yields the corresponding Laguerre–Gauss beam. From the spectral representation of the Laguerre–Gauss wave, the first three orders of nonparaxial corrections for the paraxial Laguerre–Gauss beam are determined. On the beam axis, the number of orders of nonvanishing nonparaxial corrections is found to be equal to n .

The virtual source for generation of the fundamental scalar Bessel–Gauss wave is identified. An expression is derived for the Bessel–Gauss wave, which, in the appropriate limit, yields the paraxial approximation for the fundamental Bessel–Gauss beam. For the azimuthally symmetric beam, the first-order nonparaxial correction to the on-axis field is also determined. This nonparaxial correction reduces correctly to that of the fundamental Gaussian beam in the appropriate limit.

The deexcitation of guided modes in a thin-film planar dielectric waveguide is considered. On the film–cover interface is etched an ordinary diffraction grating whose wave number is such that one radiation beam in the substrate alone is generated. For a specified radiation direction the p-polarized radiation vanishes selectively. This phenomenon is used in the development of a polarizer whose output is predominantly in the p polarization. The sensitivity of the performance of the polarizer to small deviations in the design parameters is also investigated.

The results deduced for a waveguide geometry consisting of four planar dielectric layers in a different context [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A4, 2141 ( 1987)] are adapted to obtain the attenuation coefficient of the guided mode supported by a metal-clad planar dielectric waveguide for both the transverse electric and the transverse magnetic modes.

With reference to the treatment contained in a recent paper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 3, 550 (1986)], the regions of validity of the energy method of Renard for obtaining the Goos-HAnchen lateral shift are discussed, and the proper procedure for implementation of the energy method, including the interaction power flow introduced by Yasumoto and Öishi [J. Appl. Phys. 54, 2170 (1983)], is described.

Lattice parameters of α γ2, δ, and θ-phase alloys from the copper-aluminium system have been measured by X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 20 to 850°C. The results have been used, along with values for the pure metals, to evaluate volume changes on alloying which have been found to correlate well with previously measured enthalpies and excess entropies of formation of the same alloys. The results also tend to confirm the view that alloys in the region of 40 at.- % aluminium exist as a separate phase (δ) with a γ-brass structure containing 50 atoms and two vacancies, instead of the normal 52 atoms, per unit cell.

A new synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives is described. This involves the Pfitzinger reaction of pyrazolone derivatives with isatic acid under controlled conditions. The pyrazoloquinolinecarboxylic acids were converted to their corresponding amides and nitriles, and their absorption and emission characteristics are recorded.

With reference to the analysis contained in J. Opt. Soc. Am.73, 920 (1983), certain comments on and clarifications of the paraxial wave equation pertaining to the extraordinary-mode beam propagating obliquely to the optic axis in a uniform uniaxial crystal are presented.

Several 5-substituted 1-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazole derivatives have been synthesized by reaction of 5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole-4-thiol with different reagents.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

The sulfonamide (I) undergoes cyclocondensation with urea (II) to produce the benzothiazine (III) mentioned in the title.

The arylazocoumarin derivatives (VII), (IX), and (X) are synthesized in a convenient manner as outlined in the reaction scheme.