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The drive toward high energy density alternatives to Li-ion batteries has led to great interest in energy storage materials not inherently constrained by the capacity limits of the currently employed intercalation electrode materials. Among the alternatives under consideration are electrode materials with theoretical capacities many times greater than intercalation electrodes that store charge through so-called conversion reactions. However, the significant structural changes that enable the high theoretical capacity of conversion systems contribute to issues of poor efficiency and short cycle life. To better understand cycling issues in conversion systems, we study the local structure evolution of CoS2during Li storage. Being metallic and potentially capable of redox on both anion and cation sites, CoS2would be expected to display promise as a cathode material. Through combined ex situ X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and pair distribution function analysis from operando X-ray total scattering, we describe the reactions that take place over the first 1.5 cycles. In doing so, we identify the irreversible formation of a Co9S8-like local structure with significantly limited electrochemical activity as the primary source of capacity fade. The methods employed here and the insights that emerge could inform the rational design of conversion systems for electrochemical energy storage.

The patho-physiological cross-talk between diabetes and obesity is well established. However, the choices of drugs suitable for combined treatment of diabetes and obesity are limited. Integration of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), like Ayurveda, with modern medicine would be a promising strategy to fill this gap. The diagnostic principles of Ayurveda define obesity as one of the predisposing factors of Madhumeha(correlated as diabetes) and recommends specific formulations for managing obese-diabetes. Lodhrasavamis one such poly-herbal formulation prescribed for obese-diabetic patients.

In the context of advanced manufacturing, new models inspired by Internet technologies are being developed. The cloud manufacturing model strives to offer a similar experience for seekers of manufacturing services as cloud computing does for the users of the web: manufacturing clouds intend to offer manufacturing resources as services, much like processing power and storage space are available as services in cloud computing. The resulting business situation is favourable for both the service providers and the service end-users, especially in a highly dynamic manufacturing environment. Existing cloud manufacturing models operate in a centralised way through a cloud manufacturing platform, the management of which is identified as a critical part of the manufacturing cloud operation. In the article, a decentralised network architecture for cloud manufacturing is proposed. The architecture builds upon the concept of autonomous work systems for use as service providers. The operation of the system based on the architecture is described, wherein special attention is given to the communication within the emerged networks of service providers. Technical feasibility of the approach is also demonstrated. It is expected that the decentralised approach will enable a more flexible and scalable manufacturing cloud, which will have the ability to actively co-evolve with its environment.

We present a multiinstrumented approach for the analysis of the Arctic ionosphere during the 19 February 2014 highly complex, multiphase geomagnetic storm, which had the largest impact on the disturbance storm-time index that year. The geomagnetic storm was the result of two powerful Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs). It produced a strong long lasting negative storm phase over Greenland with a dominant energy input in the polar cap. We employed global navigation satellite system (GNSS) networks, geomagnetic observatories, and a specific ionosonde station in Greenland. We complemented the approach with spaceborne measurements in order to map the state and variability of the Arctic ionosphere. In situ observations from the Canadian CASSIOPE (CAScade, Smallsat and IOnospheric Polar Explorer) satellite's ion mass spectrometer were used to derive ion flow data from the polar cap topside ionosphere during the event. Our research specifically found that (1) thermospheric O/N2measurements demonstrated significantly lower values over the Greenland sector than prior to the storm time. (2) An increased ion flow in the topside ionosphere was observed during the negative storm phase. (3) Negative storm phase was a direct consequence of energy input into the polar cap. (4) Polar patch formation was significantly decreased during the negative storm phase. This paper addresses the physical processes that can be responsible for this ionospheric storm development in the northern high latitudes. We conclude that ionospheric heating due to the CME's energy input caused changes in the polar atmosphere resulting in Neupwelling, which was the major factor in high-latitude ionosphere dynamics for this storm. Multiinstrument analysis of the Arctic ionosphere during the 19 February 2014 storm is presentedObserved negative ionospheric storm is found to be the direct consequence of energy input into the polar capPolar patch generation significantly decreased during the negative storm phase

This case report describes a female with p.Lys4876Arg amino acid change in the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1) and a sibling who died of malignant hyperthermia (MH) during anesthesia. After her diagnosis as MH susceptible, this patient was administered low-dose dantrolene daily for greater than 25 years for treatment of chronic muscle spasm and pain in her lower extremities and back limiting sleep. Her creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was as high as 2390 IU/L during labor and 900 IU at rest. With 25 mg dantrolene daily, muscle cramps were eliminated, and sleep was improved. Gait instability was noted with dantrolene in the morning, but not when taken at bedtime. There was no evidence of liver injury. This case suggests that low dose dantrolene by mouth could be considered for the treatment of chronic muscle pain in individuals with MH susceptibility.