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ObjectiveTo understand the concentration of heavy metal cadmium and cadmium in portunus and mantis shrimp， and to timely identify food safety problems and potential hazards.MethodsPortunus and mantis shrimp samples from different provinces were collected and categorized based on different regions and locations， and some samples were made from tissue parts. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to detect cadmium items， the cadmium exposure of portunus and mantis shrimp was evaluated simultaneouslyResultsThe detection rate of cadmium in 124 batches of portunus sold in Shanghai was 100% （124/124）， the detection rate of cadmium in 63 batches of mantis shrimp sold in the market was also 100% （63/63）. The cadmium content varied in different tissue parts， and the cadmium enrichment in hepatopancreas was the highest in the edible parts of portunus and mantis shrimp. The average detection value， 50th percentile value， 95th percentile value of cadmium in the hepatopancreas of portunus accounted for 52.64%， 49.28% and 98.65% of the PTMI， respectively. The average detection value， 50th percentile value and 95th percentile value of cadmium in the hepatopancreas of mantis shrimp accounted for 30.76%， 32.04% and 46.16% of the PTMI， respectively.ConclusionThe average residual levels of heavy metal cadmium in portunus and mantis shrimp are within the safe range.

Four energetic binders, polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN), poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane) (PNIMMO), poly(bis(azidomethyl)oxetane) (PBAMO), and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) were, respectively, mixed with dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50), forming TKX-50-based polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). Interfacial forces (binding energies) under different temperatures, mechanical properties (tensile modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio), and moldability of TKX-50-based PBXs were investigated by employing molecular dynamics simulation, the energy characteristics of TKX-50-based PBXs were calculated by Chapman–Jouguet (C–J) detonated theory. Results show that temperature has little effect on the binding energies, but the binding energies between every energetic binder and each surface of TKX-50 are different and the order of combined ability between four energetic binders and TKX-50 decrease as follows: PNIMMO > PBAMO > PGN > GAP. Compared with TKX-50, the addition of four energetic binders makes the rigidity of TKX-50-based PBXs decrease and the plasticity improve, the plastic ability rank is in the order of PGN > PNIMMO > PBAMO > GAP. In addition, the moldability of TKX-50-based PBXs is obviously improved, the increasing order is PGN > PNIMMO > PBAMO > GAP. Finally, the detonation performances indicate that compared with common binder, the addition of the energetic binder makes TKX-50-based PBXs have higher energy under the same condition.

Abstract Advanced oxidation technology based on peroxonosulfate (PMS) has attracted extensive attention in water treatment research due to its fast reaction speed and wide pH range adaptability. Cobalt-based catalysts are considered to be one of the most effective reagents for PMS activation in various PMS activation methods. However, Co-ion leaching and difficulty in recovery have greatly hindered its practical applications. Herein, we developed a robust membrane constructed by nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes embedded with cobalt nanoparticles (Co-NC) to concurrently address the Co-ion leaching and recovery issues. Based on our customization, continuous water flow reactor, the Co-NC membrane exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability, in which it demonstrated a remarkable sterilization efficiency of 99.9999% against E. coli, and it retained a superior stability of 96.29% after 40 repeated cycles. Fewer attempts to put such efficient heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) into practical application, to mimic real-life applications, the performance of the Co-NC/PMS system was extended to the water taken from Qiuxi River. Remarkably, there is no deterioration in performance over 12 h of continuous real sewage processing. Mechanistic studies revealed that abundant high-valence metals (CoIV=O) were generated in the system, which can attack and penetrate into the cell membrane to destroy its intracellular defense system. This work provides useful insights into designing robust membranes with superior efficiency and stability for PMS-based advanced oxidation technology.

Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound with bactericidal activity, which is widely used in domestic and healthcare settings as well as in food processing environments. It plays an important role in the prevention and control of foodborne pathogens. However, the presence of biofilms or improper use of benzalkonium chloride may enable foodborne pathogens to adapt to bactericides, affecting the tolerance to homologous or heterologous biocidal agents. The review summarizes the relationship between the adaptation of foodborne pathogens to benzalkonium chloride and their tolerance to this biocide. The reasons for the increased tolerance to benzalkonium chloride are explained from the perspectives of the expression of efflux pump genes, cell membrane modification, and the formation of the viable but non-cultivable (VBNC) state. Furthermore, the influence of benzalkonium chloride adaptation on the antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens is discussed, and the reasons for the increased antibiotic resistance are summarized from the perspectives of biofilm formation, spontaneous mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and the role of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance. This review could help understand the mechanism of the adaption of foodborne pathogens to benzalkonium chloride and provide a reference for the rational use of biocides and the prevention and control of foodborne pathogens.

The effects were investigated of carbon ion dose on the exchange field and GMR ratio of irradiated PtMn-based spin valves. The exchange field increases with increasing dose in the low ion-dose-regime, which is attributed to the increase in PtMn(C) formation. The maximum enhancement of the exchange field can be as large as 50% for the ion dose of 2.0 x [10.sup.14] ions/[cm.sup.2]. The reduction of the exchange field in the high-dose regime is probably due to the intermixing or carbon residue at the interface. The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio monotonically decreases with increasing carbon dose. Ion irradiation shows different effects on fcc and fct PtMn samples. By proper annealing prior to irradiation, we can obtain a large enhanced exchange field and a reasonably good MR ratio. Index Terms--Exchange field, giant magnetoresistance (GMR), ion irradiation, PtMn-based spin valves.

Nian-Fang Lu,1 Jun Shao,2 Hong-Xia Niu,3 Wen-Yong Han,4 Ya-Lei Chen,1 An-Qi Liu,1 Hu-Nan Liu,1 Xiu-Ming Xi5 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University Electric Teaching Hospital/Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, 100073, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Critical Care Medicine, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency, Capital medical university electric teaching hospital/Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, 100073, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Anesthesiology, Capital Medical University Electric Teaching Hospital/Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, 100073, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University Fuxing Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiu-Ming Xi, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University Fuxing Hospital, A 20, Fuxingmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 010 13801244610, Email xixuimingxxm@126.comObjective: To analyze the epidemiological data of patients with septic cardiomyopathy and investigate the relationship between ultrasonic parameters and prognosis of patients with sepsis.Methods: In this study, we enrolled patients with sepsis who were treated at the Department of Critical Care Medicine in the Beijing Electric Power Hospital (No.1 Taipingqiao Xili, Fengtai District, Beijing) from January 2020 to June 2022. All patients received standardized treatment. Their general medical status and 28-day prognosis were recorded. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed within 24 hours after admission. We compared the ultrasound indexes between the mortality group and the survival group at the end of 28 days. We included parameters with significant difference in the logistic regression model to identify the independent risk factors for prognosis and evaluated their predictive value using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: We included 100 patients with sepsis in this study; the mortality rate was 33% and the prevalence rate of septic cardiomyopathy was 49%. The peak e’ velocity and right ventricular systolic tricuspid annulus velocity (RV-Sm) of the survival group were significantly higher than those of the mortality group (P < 0.05). Results of logistic regression analysis showed that the peak e’ velocity and RV-Sm were independent risk factors for prognosis. The area under curve of the peak e’ velocity and the RV-Sm was 0.657 and 0.668, respectively (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence rate of septic cardiomyopathy in septic patients is high. In this study, we found that the peak e’ velocity and right ventricular systolic tricuspid annulus velocity were important predictors of short-term prognosis.Keywords: peak e’ velocity by tissue Doppler imaging, prognosis, right ventricular systolic tricuspid annulus velocity, septic cardiomyopathy

Since cables laying in the tunnel have high load capacity and convenient maintenance, they have been widely used in the urban power grid. In order to make full use of transmission capacity, a phase sequence optimization method of tunnel multi-circuit cables based on an improved genetic algorithm and multi-physical field simulation is proposed. Firstly, considering the electromagnetic environment, heat dissipation environment and the cross-bonding grounding mode, an electromagnetic-heat-flow-circuit multi-physical field coupling model of tunnel cables is established. Secondly, the memory population is set up in the genetic algorithm to lessen the invocations of the finite element model and improve the calculation efficiency. Finally, an improved genetic algorithm is applied to the phase sequence optimization of cables in which minimizing the maximum temperature of cable cores is considered as the objective function and the cable temperature of each loop not exceeding 90 ℃ as its constraint condition. After optimization, the total sheath circulating loss of the cables decreases by 11.14%, and the maximum temperature of the cores decreases by 2.15%. The results show that the optimization of phase sequence is conducive to improving the heat dissipation of the tunnel cables, and the improved genetic algorithm greatly decreases the optimization times.

Taking Qidong Coal Mine as an example, this paper studies the law of groundwater migration and the characteristics of structural water control in the region, in order to provide reference for advanced precise control and regional prevention of coal mine water disasters. Based on the theory of structural water control and combined with the geological and structural background of Qidong Coal Mine and its mining area and coalfield, the step-by-step control effect of structural water control and the mode of structural water control are studied. The results are as follows: The bedrock formation morphology of Qidong Coal Mine is controlled by Sunan syncline as a whole, partly by Weimiao fault and other structures, and the Cenozoic formation morphology is also indirectly controlled by structures. Under the control of Sunan syncline, Permian coal-bearing sandstone fractured aquifer, Taihui, Ordovician limestone and aquifer IV angle unconformity contact after weathering inside or outside the mine; under the control of Weimiao fault, the aquifer of partial Permian coal-bearing sandstone fractured aquifer in the southern mining area of the mine outcrops again, and contacts with the aquifer IV angle unconformity, which makes the hydraulic connection between the aquifers. Based on the analysis results, it is considered that ① the geological structure controls the underground aquifer water by controlling the formation morphology ; ② Geological structure controls the hydraulic connection between aquifers by controlling the contact between aquifers. In order to further verify the hydraulic connection between aquifers, using the comparative analysis of water level changes and Pearson correlation coefficient, the borehole water level observation results of aquifer IV, Taihui and aquifer IV, Taihui and Ordovician limestone in the southern mining area during the water discharge test and normal water level observation period were analyzed. The results show that: ① During the water discharge test in the southern mining area, the water level changes of aquifer IV (SQ10-14) and Taihui (ST4) are basically synchronous and highly correlated; ② During the normal water level observation, there is a strong correlation between the water level changes of aquifer IV (SQ10), Taihui (ST4) and Ordovician limestone (SO2), and the correlation between different observation holes in the same aquifer is quite different. It is confirmed that, controlled by the structure, there is hydraulic connection in the angular unconformity contact area between the fourth aquifer and the bedrock aquifer in the local area of the mine. The groundwater model system (GMS) and parameter estimation (PEST) are used to study the distribution and runoff law of four water levels. The results show that the four water levels are about−7−−57m, the water level in the south is higher than that in the north, and the hydraulic gradient is larger at the Weimiao fault. The four water-bearing runoff is concentrated in the southwest and central part of the mine. The southwest runoff is northward as a whole, and the central part is mainly east-west runoff. The four water-bearing runoff bypasses the Weimiao fault.

Objective: This survey followed the birth population-based study conducted in 2010 in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, with the aim to estimate perinatal-neonatal mortality and preterm birth rate in emerging regions with similar maternal-fetal and neonatal care conditions in China.Materials and methods: Data of total births in 2015 were prospectively collected by regional perinatal network collaboration in Huai'an, a subprovincial region with a population of 5,644,500 and gross domestic production of 9082 USD per capita.Results: The 59,424 birth registries (including 59,023 live births and 167 stillbirths) corresponded to a birth rate of 10.5‰ and a Male-to-female ratio of 113.7:100. All births there were from 85, 16, and 6 level I, II, and III hospitals, with a delivery rate of 30.4, 40.2, and 29.4%, respectively. Of all births, 14.1% had pregnancy-associated comorbidities and complications, 54.4% (32,226/59,190) had cesarean delivery, and multiple pregnancies and birth defects occurred in 2.1% (1,250) and 5.5‰ (324), respectively. The mean birth weight was 3448 ± 507 g with 13.9% being macrosomia, and 2.86% (1695/59,190) low birth weight. Preterm birth rate was 4.06% (2404/59,190) with a mortality rate of 8.5%. There were 94.5% recorded as healthy newborns and 5.5% (3263) requiring hospitalization after birth. The perinatal and neonatal mortality rate was 5.2‰ (167 stillbirths, 139 early neonatal deaths) and 4.0‰, respectively. Compared with the 2010 survey, these data demonstrated generally improved status of perinatal-neonatal healthcare.Conclusions: The low rates of perinatal-neonatal mortality, preterm birth and preterm mortality suggest that the concept and study protocol of perinatal-neonatal healthcare in Huai'an may serve as the benchmark for estimating regional vital statistics and perinatal and neonatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single or multienergy nitrogen (N) ion implantation (MENII) processes with a dose (4×1014 ions/cm2) just below the critical dose (1×1015 ions/cm2) for the structural transformation of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films were observed to significantly improve the electron field emission (EFE) properties. The single energy N ion implantation at 300 °C has shown better field emission properties with turn-on field (E0) of 7.1 V/μm, as compared to room temperature implanted sample at similar conditions (E0=8.0 V/μm) or the pristine UNCD film (E0=13.9 V/μm). On the other hand, the MENII with a specific sequence of implantation pronouncedly showed different effect on altering the EFE properties for UNCD films, and the implantation at 300 °C further enhanced the EFE behavior. The best EFE characteristics achieved for the UNCD film treated with the implantation process are E0=4.5 V/μm and current density of (Je)=2.0 mA/cm2 (at 24.5 V/μm). The prime factors for improving the EFE properties are presumed to be the grain boundary incorporation and activation of the implanted N and the healing of induced defects, which are explained based on surface charge transfer doping mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced electron field emission (EFE) properties for ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films grown on silicon substrate were achieved, especially due to the high dose N ion implantation. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicated that the N ion implantation first expelled H-, induced the formation of disordered carbon (or defect complex), and then induced the amorphous phase, as the ion implantation dose increased. The postimplantation annealing process healed the atomic defects, but converted the disordered carbon to a stable defect complex, and amorphous carbon into a more stable graphitic phase. The EFE characteristics of the high dose (>1015 ions/cm2) ion-implanted UNCD were maintained at an enhanced level, whereas those of the low dose (<1014 ions/cm2) ion-implanted ones were reverted to the original values after the annealing process. Ion implantation over a critical dose (1×1015 ions/cm2) was required to improve the EFE properties of UNCD films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion channeling technique using MeV C++ ions was used to study strain in self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) buried in GaAs matrix. Because of the use of heavy ions, we were able to observe an angular shift in the angular scan of the In signal relative to that of the Ga/As signal. This provided a direct evidence that the InAs lattice is larger than that of GaAs in the growth direction. Combining the channeling results in [100] and [110] directions and the photoluminescence emission spectrum, we conclude that the InAs QDs are under tensile strain in the growth direction and have the same lattice constant as that of GaAs in the lateral direction. Thermal annealing causes the strain to relax, first in the growth direction and then in the lateral direction as the annealing temperature increases. The photoluminescence spectra of the QDs before and after annealing indicate, however, that composition intermixing also takes place during annealing and is the dominant factor in determining the band gap energy of the QDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiu-Li Xiao,1 Qian-Xue Yang,2 Hui-Zhong Niu,1 Li-Jing Li,1 Zhen-Jing Xie1 1Department of General Surgery I, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhaung, 050000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Operating Room, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhaung, 050000 People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiu-Li Xiao, Department of General Surgery I, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhuanan Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0311-85911010, Email xxlwwvt7@email.cnObjective: To explore the effective response strategies for infections in infants with short bowel syndrome and solid abdominal tumours, treated with totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs).Methods: A total of 210 children who were treated with a TIVAP in our department from 2020 to 2021 were selected for this retrospective study. Eight of these children diagnosed with a catheter-related bloodstream infection were studied in this study; antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) and cluster nursing management were used for treatment, and their effects on the infection outcome were observed.Results: Among the eight children, seven access ports were successfully protected, and one catheter was removed from the right chest wall port due to repeated infection. In this one child, the left side was re-implanted.Conclusion: The use of the ALT combined with cluster-based nursing can better treat infections of TIVAPs, improve the children’s healing time, and has important clinical significance in the prevention of complications from the infection and improving the treatment and nursing of the patients diagnosed with these infections.Keywords: totally implantable venous access port, short bowel syndrome and solid abdominal tumours, catheter-related bloodstream infection, cluster nursing management

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and gene mutation characteristics of chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection caused by a gain-of-function (GOF) mutation of the PIK3CD gene through a case report. Methods The clinical data of a pediatric patient was collected, and whole-exome sequencing was used to detect gene mutations. Related articles were searched and reviewed. Results The pediatric patient experienced recurrent respiratory infection since 2 years of age accompanied by enlargement of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes and recurrent varicella-like rash. There was a significant increase in the serum level of EBV antibody, and lymphoid tissue biopsy showed T lymphocyte proliferative changes and positive EBV-encoded RNA. At the age of 13 years, the pediatric patient experienced a significant increase in the level of immunoglobulins in blood with various positive autoantibodies. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous mutation in the PIK3CD gene, c.3061G>A(p.E1021K), and literature review showed that this mutation was a GOF mutation. Conclusion The GOF mutation of the PIK3CDgene can lead to susceptibility to EBV and chronic EBV infection, with the clinical manifestations of lymphoid hyperplasia and characteristic rash. Pediatric patients with this disease can also present with significant increases in the levels of immunoglobulins in blood, which may be associated with the formation of massive autoantibodies caused by autoimmune response.

Isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopic studies of Si metal-oxide-semiconductor structures with iron impurities indicate that the interface trap remains unaltered by iron. However, gold impurities affect the trap, implying that various metals have differing influences on the trap. There is an attenuation of trap density and iron concentration during annealing at 400 degrees Celsius.

In the process of directional solidification, the degree of element segregation can be changed by altering the drawing rate to affect the phase transformation behavior of the alloy. In this paper, four kinds of MnNi alloy specimens were prepared by directional solidification at different drawing rates. The phase transformation behavior of the alloy was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal expansion analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The microstructure of the alloy was observed by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified MnNi alloy has the characteristics of polymorphy. There are multi-scale twins from micron to nanometer in the alloy, and their coordinated movement makes the internal friction of twins 3-6 times than that of rolled alloy. It is found that during heating, the alloy undergoes fct1→fcc phase transformation in the interdendritic spacings of Mn-poor region while fct2→fco→fcc multi-stage phase transformation occurs in Mn-rich dendrite. This multiply phase transformation behavior makes the damping capacity of directionally solidified MnNi alloy 2-6 times than that of rolled MnNi alloy in a wide temperature range.