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251. An investigation of the properties and thermochemistry of complexes of pyridine with triphenyl-boron, -aluminium, -gallium, and -indium, and diphenylgallium chloride

Author

P. G. Perkins, M. E. Twentyman, and N. N. Greenwood

Subjects
Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Standard enthalpy of formation, Adduct, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Pyridine, Thermochemistry, Melting point, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Gallium, Benzene, Indium
Abstract

Pyridine reacts with crystalline Ph3B, Ph3Al, Ph3Ga, Ph3ln, and Ph2GaCl to give white 1:1 complexes which are monomeric in benzene solution. The melting points and heats of formation of the solid adducts from liquid pyridine and crystalline acceptors are: Ph3B,py 240°, 17·9 kcal. mole–1; Ph3Al,py 168°, 22·3 kcal. mole–1; Ph3Ga,py 167°, 19·5 kcal. mole–1; Ph3ln,py 130°, 13·9 kcal. mole–1; Ph2GaCl,py 18·0 kcal. mole–1. The problems attending the estimation of gas-phase heats of formation and the calculation of reorganization energies are discussed and the results compared with those available on other Group III acceptors.

Published
1969
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252. Characterisation and structure of HFe3(CO)10CNMe2: a reformulation of the hydride reported previously as HFe3(CO)11NMe2

Author

Ilsong Rhee, S. Tsutsumi, M. Ryang, N. N. Greenwood, and R. Greatrex

Subjects
Crystallography, Chemistry, Hydride, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry
Abstract

The compound reported previously as HFe3-(CO)11NMe2 is now shown by high-resolution mass spectrometry to be HFe3(CO)10CNMe2, a novel hydride of iron; its probable structure is inferred from Mossbauer and other spectroscopic evidence.

Published
1970
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254. Mixed bromide-chlorides of tungsten(VI)

Author

P. M. Boorman, H. J. Whitfield, and N. N. Greenwood

Subjects
Bromine, Potassium, Inorganic chemistry, Small deviations, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, Spectral line, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Bromide, Sublimation (phase transition), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Isostructural
Abstract

The compound WOCl3Br, prepared by reaction of bromine gas with potassium tri-µ-chloro-hexachloroditungstate(III), K3W2Cl9, has been characterized. It was one of a mixture of products which were separated by fractional sublimation. Small deviations in the stoicheiometry were consistent with the formula WOClnBr4-n, and the compounds were isostructural with WOCl4 and WOBr4. X-Ray data and far-i.r. spectra are reported.

Published
1968
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255. The structure of CsB9H14: X-ray and proton and boron-11 nuclear magnetic resonance studies

Author

N. N. Greenwood, J. D. Owen, J. A. McGinnety, and H. J. Gysling

Subjects
Nuclear magnetic resonance, Hydrogen, chemistry, Proton, Cluster (physics), X-ray, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystal structure, Boron, Spectral line
Abstract

The X-ray crystal structure of CsB9H14 shows the presence of three BH2 groups and two B–H–B groups in the open face of the B9 cluster: in solution, the 11B(28·87 MHz) and 1H(220 MHz) n.m.r. spectra indicate pseudo-threefold symmetry with nine terminal B–H bonds and five more labile hydrogen atoms.

Published
1970
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256. Vibrational spectra of anhydrous scandium(III) chloride and bromide and their complexes

Author

R. L. Tranter and N. N. Greenwood

Subjects
Nitromethane, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, symbols.namesake, chemistry, Bromide, Pyridine, Anhydrous, symbols, Molecule, Scandium, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Raman spectroscopy, Phosphine
Abstract

The far-i.r. spectra of anhydrous ScCl3 and ScBr3(and the Raman spectrum of the former) are reported. Four well defined pyridine complexes having 1 : 4 and 1 : 3 stoicheiometry were characterized. ScCl3,4py and ScBr3,4py have one loosely bound, non-co-ordinated pyridine molecule, [py3ScX3]py. The 1 : 3 complex py3,ScCl3 appears to be a cis(facial)-octahedral complex which is only weakly ionized in nitromethane solutions, whereas the corresponding bromo-complex behaves as a strongly ionized tetrahedral complex [py3ScBr]2+(Br–)2. The first phosphine complexes of scandium are also reported: ScCl3,dppe and ScBr3,1·5dppe [dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]. Their far-i.r. spectra are presented and possible structures are discussed.

Published
1969
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257. Notes

Author

R. J. W. Cremlyn, D. N. Waters, N. N. Greenwood, M. J. Sprague, R. G. Johnston, David Kidd, C. W. L. Bevan, J. Hirst, E. C. Okafor, M. S. Gibson, A. W. Murray, J. J. Wren, Danuta S. Merryfield, M. Kyaw, L. N. Owen, H. H. Lee, C. H. Tan, D. J. Blears, A. A. Moussa, and H. M. Sammour

Published
1964
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261. Heats of sublimation of the triphenyl derivatives of boron, aluminium, gallium, and indium

Author

N. N. Greenwood, M. E. Twentyman, and P. G. Perkins

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry, Effusion, Aluminium, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Gravimetric analysis, Sublimation (phase transition), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Gallium, Boron, Indium
Abstract

The molar heats of sublimation of the compounds Ph3M (M = B, Al, Ga, and In) have been determined by a gravimetric effusion technique. The values are 26·6 ± 0·3, 34·8 ± 0·6, 32·9 ± 0·9, and 33·6 ± 0·4 kcal. mole–1, respectively. Possible reasons for these high values are discussed.

Published
1967
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262. Aluminium-27 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of acidic solutions of aluminium salts

Author

G. D. Lester, N. N. Greenwood, and J. W. Akitt

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Resolution (mass spectrometry), Chemistry, Aluminum sulphate, Inorganic chemistry, Polymer, Kinetic energy, Ion, Inorganic Chemistry, Laser linewidth, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Qualitative inorganic analysis, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Absorption (chemistry)
Abstract

27 Al N.m.r. studies have been carried out in the absorption mode at 15 Mc./sec. and under conditions of resolution such that lines as narrow as 3 c./sec. have been observed. The dependence of linewidth upon pH is consistent with the simple protolytic reaction Al(H2O)63++ H2O ⇌ Al(H2O)5OH2++ H3O+ and suggests that polymer alumino-ions if formed are formed by a separate ion-association step. Variable-temperature experiments reflect changes in the above equilibrium and cannot be used to determine the kinetic parameters for water exchange. It is also demonstrated that the complex ion Al(H2O)5HSO42+ is formed in the presence of sulphuric acid.

Published
1969
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263. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman studies of the aluminium complexes formed in aqueous solutions of aluminium salts containing phosphoric acid and fluoride ions

Author

N. N. Greenwood, G. D. Lester, and J. W. Akitt

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Aqueous solution, Ligand, Inorganic chemistry, Salt (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_element, Ionic bonding, Protonation, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Aluminium, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Fluoride, Phosphoric acid, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

27 Al and 31P n.m.r. have been used to measure quantitatively the formation of complexes between aluminium ions and the ionic and molecular species present in phosphoric acid. The results are consistent with the presence of both monomeric and polymeric species in aqueous phosphoric acid. Five 31P lines were observed at low temperatures in solutions of an aluminium salt in aqueous phosphoric acid and these are interpreted as arising, respectively, from the complex Al,H3PO43+, from exchanging Al,H2PO42+ and Al(H2PO4)2+, from two binuclear aluminium species, and from a series of polymeric phosphoric acid ligands Al(H3PO4)n, n 2, although in this latter case the state of protonation of the ligand is not known. The protons in the system undergo fast exchange at all temperatures where the samples are liquid. Addition of fluoride ion to these solutions results in the formation of eight new fluoro-phosphato-aluminium complexes containing direct Al–F bonds, in addition to the known binary complexes AlFn(3–n)+. These complexes were revealed by 19F n.m.r. spectroscopy.

Published
1971
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265. Mössbauer Spectra and Chemical Structure

Author

N. N. Greenwood

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Mössbauer effect, Chemical structure, Physical chemistry, Mossbauer spectra
Abstract

The Mossbauer Effect and its Applications in Chemistry By V. I. Gol'danskii. Authorized translation from the Russian. Pp. vii + 119. (New York: Consultants Bureau, 1964.) 12.50 dollars.

Published
1965
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268. Physical properties and structure of diethylaminodifluoroborane

Author

N. N. Greenwood and J. Walker

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Steric effects, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monomer, chemistry, Nitrogen atom, Infrared, Phase (matter), Organic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectral line
Abstract

Diethylaminodifluoroborane has been characterised in the solid, liquid, and vapour phases, and in solution. The compound is dimeric in the crystalline state and in solution but 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the molten phase reveal the presence of a temperature-dependent monomer–dimer equilibrium. The compound is entirely monomeric in the vapour phase, as shown by a comparison of its infrared spectrum with the newly reported spectra of the corresponding dichloro- and dibromo-analogues. When compared with the behaviour of dimethylaminodifluoroborane the results indicate that the increased steric congestion at the nitrogen atom inhibits but does not completely suppress the tendency of the diethylamino-compound to dimerise.

Published
1967
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269. Cadmium derivatives of decaborane

Author

N. F. Travers and N. N. Greenwood

Subjects
Aqueous solution, Ether, Cadmium chloride, Borane, Medicinal chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Decaborane, Organic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Diethyl ether, Hydrogen chloride, Tetrahydrofuran
Abstract

Diethylcadmium (Et2Cd) reacts with decaborane (B10H14) in ether solvents to form CdB10H12,2S (where S is diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran). This compound is thought to be the first example of a neutral, 6,9-internally-bridged derivative of B10H14(2802 topology) and contains direct Cd–B bonds. The cadmium borane reacts quantitatively with ethereal hydrogen chloride to give decaborane and cadmium chloride, and ionises in aqueous solution to yield the novel dianion [(B10H12)2Cd]2–. The properties and structures of these compounds are discussed.

Published
1967
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270. Dimethylthallium(III) derivatives of decaborane(14)

Author

N. N. Greenwood, D. W. Waite, and N. F. Travers

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Decaborane, Inorganic chemistry, Salt (chemistry), Chelation, Medicinal chemistry, Ion
Abstract

Reaction of trimethylthallium with decaborane (14) yields the simple salt [Me2Tl]+[B10H13]–, (A), and the complex [Me2Tl]+[B10H12TlMe2]–, (B), which contains two distinct dimethylthallium(III) groups, one of which is chelated by the dodecahydro-nido-decaborate (2–) ion.

Published
1971
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272. Selenocyanation reactions of organometallic compounds of lead, tin, and thallium

Author

M. J. Sprague, G. Hunter, N. N. Greenwood, and E. E. Aynsley

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_element, Infrared spectroscopy, Metathesis, Medicinal chemistry, Chloride, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, medicine, Organic chemistry, Thallium, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Tin, Selenium, medicine.drug, Group 2 organometallic chemistry, Potassium selenocyanate
Abstract

Triphenyl-lead selenocyanate has been prepared by the reaction of tetraphenyl-lead with selenium diselenocyanate, by the metathesis of triphenyl-lead chloride with potassium selenocyanate, and by cleavage of hexaphenyldiplumbane with selenium diselenocyanate. Tetramethyl- and tetraethyl-lead reacted similarly with selenium diselenocyanate to give trialkyl-lead selenocyanates, and under more forcing conditions tetraphenyl-lead yielded diphenyl-lead diselenocyanate. By contrast, cleavage of hexaphenyldistannane yielded triphenyltin isoselenocyanate which was also prepared by metathesis. The reaction between triphenylthallium and selenium diselenocyanate afforded diphenylthallium selenocyanate. The infrared spectra and structure of these compounds are briefly considered.

Published
1966
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276. Discontinuities in Supercooled Ionic Melts

Author

N. N. Greenwood and R. L. Martin

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering), chemistry, Melting point, Thermodynamics, Ionic bonding, Activation energy, Classification of discontinuities, Supercooling, Temperature coefficient, Boron trifluoride
Abstract

DURING the course of a systematic investigation on the electrochemistry of boron trifluoride co-ordination compounds1, discontinuities were observed in the temperature variation of viscosity on passing from the normal liquid to the supercooled state. In both temperature regions the viscosity could be expressed by an exponential relation of the form η = η0exp(B/RT), but the activation energy B was approximately 10 per cent greater for the supercooled state. The temperature coefficient of the specific volume (v) shows no such discontinuity at the melting point, and this fact may be used for emphasizing the discontinuous behaviour of the viscosity by the application of Batchinski's equation2 ρ = C/(v—b), where C and B are constants. For example, if the fluidity ϕ = 1/η is plotted as a function of specific volume for acetoxytrifluoroboric acid, H[CH3.CO.OBF3], there ia a well-defined discontinuity at a point corresponding to the melting point, 37.5° C. The change in slope is 34 per cent, compared with an increase of 10 per cent for the activation energy B for this compound.

Published
1951
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278. Chemistry of the Elements

Author

N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, N. N. Greenwood, and A. Earnshaw

Subjects
Chemical elements
Abstract

When this innovative textbook first appeared in 1984 it rapidly became a great success throughout the world and has already been translated into several European and Asian languages. Now the authors have completely revised and updated the text, including more than 2000 new literature references to work published since the first edition. No page has been left unaltered but the novel features which proved so attractive have been retained. The book presents a balanced, coherent and comprehensive account of the chemistry of the elements for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. This crucial central area of chemistry is full of ingenious experiments, intriguing compounds and exciting new discoveries. The authors specifically avoid the term `inorganic chemistry'since this evokes an outmoded view of chemistry which is no longer appropriate in the final decade of the 20th century. Accordingly, the book covers not only the'inorganic'chemistry of the elements, but also analytical, theoretical, industrial, organometallic, bio-inorganic and other cognate areas of chemistry. The authors have broken with recent tradition in the teaching of their subject and adopted a new and highly successful approach based on descriptive chemistry. The chemistry of the elements is still discussed within the context of an underlying theoretical framework, giving cohesion and structure to the text, but at all times the chemical facts are emphasized. Students are invited to enter the exciting world of chemical phenomena with a sound knowledge and understanding of the subject, to approach experimentation with an open mind, and to assess observations reliably. This is a book that students will not only value during their formal education, but will keep and refer to throughout their careers as chemists.Completely revised and updatedUnique approach to the subjectMore comprehensive than competing titles

Published
1997

279. Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds : Volume 9

Author

N N Greenwood and N N Greenwood

Subjects
Organometallic compounds--Spectra, Spectrum analysis
Abstract

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Published
1976

280. Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds : Volume 2

Author

N N Greenwood and N N Greenwood

Subjects
Spectrum analysis, Complex compounds--Spectra, Organometallic compounds--Spectra
Abstract

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Published
1969

281. Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds : Volume 7

Author

N N Greenwood and N N Greenwood

Subjects
Organometallic compounds--Spectra
Abstract

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Published
1974

282. Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds : Volume 5

Author

N N Greenwood and N N Greenwood

Subjects
Spectrum analysis, Complex compounds--Spectra, Organometallic compounds--Spectra
Abstract

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Published
1972

283. Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds : Volume 4

Author

N N Greenwood and N N Greenwood

Subjects
Analytical chemistry--Qualitative, Light beating spectroscopy, Organometallic compounds--Analysis, Chemistry, Inorganic--Analysis
Abstract

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Published
1971

284. Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds : Volume 8

Author

N N Greenwood and N N Greenwood

Subjects
Organometallic compounds--Spectra, Inorganic compounds--Spectra
Abstract

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Published
1975

285. Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds : Volume 1

Author

N N Greenwood and N N Greenwood

Subjects
Spectrum analysis, Complex compounds--Spectra, Organometallic compounds--Spectra
Abstract

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Published
1968

286. Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds : Volume 6

Author

N N Greenwood and N N Greenwood

Subjects
Spectrum analysis, Complex compounds--Spectra, Organometallic compounds--Spectra
Abstract

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Published
1973

287. Benthic pH gradients across a range of shelf sea sediment types linked to sediment characteristics and seasonal variability.

Author

Silburn B, Kröger S, Parker ER, Sivyer DB, Hicks N, Powell CF, Johnson M, and Greenwood N

Abstract

This study used microelectrodes to record pH profiles in fresh shelf sea sediment cores collected across a range of different sediment types within the Celtic Sea. Spatial and temporal variability was captured during repeated measurements in 2014 and 2015. Concurrently recorded oxygen microelectrode profiles and other sedimentary parameters provide a detailed context for interpretation of the pH data. Clear differences in profiles were observed between sediment type, location and season. Notably, very steep pH gradients exist within the surface sediments (10-20 mm), where decreases greater than 0.5 pH units were observed. Steep gradients were particularly apparent in fine cohesive sediments, less so in permeable sandier matrices. We hypothesise that the gradients are likely caused by aerobic organic matter respiration close to the sediment-water interface or oxidation of reduced species at the base of the oxic zone (NH 4 + , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , S - ). Statistical analysis suggests the variability in the depth of the pH minima is controlled spatially by the oxygen penetration depth, and seasonally by the input and remineralisation of deposited organic phytodetritus. Below the pH minima the observed pH remained consistently low to maximum electrode penetration (ca. 60 mm), indicating an absence of sub-oxic processes generating H + or balanced removal processes within this layer. Thus, a climatology of sediment surface porewater pH is provided against which to examine biogeochemical processes. This enhances our understanding of benthic pH processes, particularly in the context of human impacts, seabed integrity, and future climate changes, providing vital information for modelling benthic response under future climate scenarios., (© The Author(s) 2017.)

Published
2017
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288. Families affected by childhood cancer: an analysis of the provision of social support within online support groups.

Author

Coulson NS and Greenwood N

Subjects
Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Child Welfare, Communication, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Neoplasms epidemiology, Psychometrics, Qualitative Research, Stress, Psychological, United Kingdom, United States, Family Relations, Internet, Neoplasms psychology, Pediatrics methods, Self-Help Groups, Social Support
Abstract

Background: With increasing access to the Internet, there are new opportunities available to families to seek information, advice and support about childhood cancer online., Methods: A total of 487 messages were retrieved from three childhood cancer online support groups and were analysed using deductive thematic analysis for the presence of support-intended communication using Cutrona and Suhr's social support typology. In addition, the messages were examined for negative experiences or disadvantages., Results: The results revealed the presence of five types of social support: emotional, informational, esteem support and tangible assistance. In addition, some potential limitations of online support were identified, including a lack of responses and difficulties in maintaining relationships outside the online group context., Conclusion: This study suggests that online support groups may offer the potential to support family members of children with cancer. In particular, it may be a useful resource for those seeking emotional and information support. However, there may be limitations associated with the use of online support groups., (© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)

Published
2012
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289. Protection of chickens against renal damage caused by a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus.

Author

Cook JK, Chesher J, Baxendale W, Greenwood N, Huggins MB, and Orbell SJ

Abstract

The ability of the infectious bronchitis (IB) Ma5 and 4/91 live-attenuated vaccines to protect against kidney damage caused by a nephropathogenic strain of IB virus (B1648) was investigated. Protection parameters considered were gross and microscopic renal pathology, and the use of a polymerase chain reaction to detect IB RNA in kidney tissue. By each parameter, Ma5 vaccine alone provided poor protection, but 4/91 alone or the combined program both protected well.

Published
2001
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290. Are specialist mental health services being targeted on the most needy patients? The effects of setting up special services in general practice.

Author

Kendrick T, Burns T, Garland C, Greenwood N, and Smith P

Subjects
Analysis of Variance, Community Mental Health Services organization & administration, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care economics, Psychotic Disorders rehabilitation, Regression Analysis, United Kingdom, Community Mental Health Services supply & distribution, Family Practice organization & administration, Needs Assessment, Primary Health Care organization & administration, Psychotic Disorders therapy
Abstract

Background: Around 25% of patients with psychoses lose contact with specialist psychiatric services, despite the government's policy to focus the efforts of community teams on this group., Aim: To identify patient and practice factors associated with continuing contact and loss of contact with specialist services., Method: Cross-sectional comparison was made of patients in and out of specialist contact, through detailed interviews with 102 patients among 26 south west London practices. Associations were sought between contact with specialist services and patient factors (illness severity, social functioning, quality of life, needs for care, and satisfaction with general practitioner [GP] services) and practice factors (size, location, fundholding status, training status, and the presence of mental health professionals on site)., Results: Thirty-one (30%) patients were currently out of specialist contact. No significant differences were found between those in and out of contact on any measures of diagnosis or psychiatric history. Those in contact had significantly more symptoms, poorer social functioning, poorer quality of life, and more needs for care. The proportion out of contact was significantly higher in two practices that had employed their own mental health professionals to provides services on site for severe mental illnesses. Two factors remained significant predictors of contact in a logistic regression model: whether or not the patient's practice offered a special service on site, and greater patient needs for care., Conclusions: Secondary mental health services are being targeted towards the more needy patients. The provision of special services in practices can shift care further away from secondary care while still meeting patients' needs.

Published
2000

291. Satisfaction with in-patient psychiatric services. Relationship to patient and treatment factors.

Author

Greenwood N, Key A, Burns T, Bristow M, and Sedgwick P

Subjects
England, Female, Hospitals, District standards, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Inpatients psychology, Male, Professional-Patient Relations, Hospitalization, Mental Health Services standards, Patient Satisfaction
Abstract

Background: There is growing concern about patient satisfaction with psychiatric in-patient provision. This paper measures satisfaction in psychiatric in-patients and its relationships with patient characteristics and ward experiences., Aims: To: (a) measure overall in-patient satisfaction; (b) examine its relationship to in-patient experiences; and (c) examine its relationship to patient factors., Method: Four hundred and thirty-three patients were interviewed. Satisfaction was assessed by a single quest on, the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) and by a semistructured interview., Results: Over three-quarters of the patients were satisfied, but two-thirds reported adverse events. Females, younger patients and those detained were more dissatisfied. No significant relationship was found for ethnic group. Results were similar in the mental hospital and district general hospital., Conclusions: There remain problems with satisfaction scales. Qualitative approaches to examine patients' experiences in hospital and the causes of dissatisfaction are recommended.

Published
1999
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292. Detection of feline parvovirus in dying pedigree kittens.

Author

Addie DD, Toth S, Thompson H, Greenwood N, and Jarrett JO

Subjects
Animals, Cats, Diagnosis, Differential, Feline Panleukopenia mortality, Feline Panleukopenia Virus pathogenicity, Pedigree, Veterinary Medicine methods, Chromatography methods, Feline Panleukopenia diagnosis, Feline Panleukopenia Virus isolation & purification
Abstract

Feline parvovirus (FPV) was detected in the intestinal tract contents of 13 pedigree kittens which were fading or died suddenly by the use of a new chromatographic test strip for canine parvovirus (CPV) and FPV. The test appeared to be sensitive and specific for the detection of FPV and was a useful diagnostic aid. In three cases in which virus was grown in cell culture, the isolates were characteristic of FPV and not CPV. Cats in the households in which the kittens were reared were regularly immunised with FPV vaccines. The most likely explanation for the occurrence of FPV-associated disease was exposure of the young kittens to large doses of virus contaminating the environment.

Published
1998
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293. Everyday life of Jews under Nazi occupation: methodological issues.

Author

Ofer D and Greenwood N

Subjects
Hierarchy, Social, History, 20th Century, Holocaust ethnology, Holocaust history, Holocaust legislation & jurisprudence, Holocaust psychology, Activities of Daily Living psychology, Jews education, Jews ethnology, Jews history, Jews legislation & jurisprudence, Jews psychology, Mental Health history, National Socialism history, Social Control Policies economics, Social Control Policies history, Social Control Policies legislation & jurisprudence, World War II
Abstract

Despite the dire circumstances of Jews under Nazi occupation, individuals continued to persevere in their efforts to maintain patterns of everyday life. An understanding of daily routines may help us comprehend the reality of the Holocaust, but it may also contribute to the trivialization and banalization of the topic. To counter this danger, the methodology proposed in this article asserts that the individual's struggle reveals another perspective on the state of mind and the social order of various strata of Jewish society under Nazi occupation. Invoking the concepts of Berger and Luckmann in their analysis of understanding the knowledge of everyday life, this article examines the perception of reality of intellectuals in the ghetto.

Published
1995
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294. The relationship of apnoea and stridor in spina bifida to other unexplained infant deaths.

Author

Wealthall SR, Whittaker GE, and Greenwood N

Subjects
Age Factors, Birth Weight, Bradycardia complications, Carbon Dioxide blood, Cyanosis complications, Humans, Hydrocephalus complications, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Paralysis complications, Sleep Stages, Spinal Dysraphism blood, Spinal Dysraphism mortality, Apnea complications, Laryngismus complications, Spinal Dysraphism complications
Published
1974
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295. The jejunal mucosa in two cases of A-beta-lipoproteinemia.

Author

Greenwood N

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Biopsy, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Abetalipoproteinemia pathology, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Jejunum pathology
Abstract

The jejunal biopsy appearances in two cases of a-beta-lipoproteinemia are described and compared with those of previous cases recorded in the literature. No significant differences were noted in one of the cases in the appearances of a biopsy taken before and another taken after 10 months of treatment.

Published
1976

296. The art of settling in nicely.

Author

Greenwood N

Subjects
Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Personnel Selection, United Kingdom, Administrative Personnel education
Abstract

You are a manager and you are moving to another job. What steps would you like your new authority to take to ensure that you become an accepted and valued member of the staff and that your needs are being met?

Published
1979

297. Industrial relations and the personnel role in the NHS.

Author

Harrison S, Drummond P, Greenwood N, and Langan J

Subjects
Administrative Personnel, Humans, Role, United Kingdom, Labor Unions, Personnel Management, State Medicine organization & administration
Published
1981

298. Recruitment and career development of administrators.

Author

Greenwood N

Subjects
State Medicine organization & administration, United Kingdom, Administrative Personnel supply & distribution, Personnel Management standards, Personnel Selection standards
Published
1978

299. Stamp of quality counts as much as quantity: manpower planning.

Author

Greenwood N

Subjects
Planning Techniques, State Medicine, United Kingdom, Workforce, Personnel Management methods
Abstract

Steps that administrators can take to solve local manpower planning problems and ensure local staffing levels are sufficient to provide comprehensive care are outlined by Ned Greenwood, Nuffield Centre for Health Studies.

Published
1979

300. Ceruminous adenocarcinoma arising in the middle ear.

Author

Harrison K, Cronin J, and Greenwood N

Subjects
Adenocarcinoma surgery, Adult, Audiometry, Biopsy, Deafness, Ear Neoplasms surgery, Female, Humans, Myringoplasty, Pain, Tympanoplasty, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Ear Neoplasms pathology, Ear, Middle pathology
Published
1974
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