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RESUMEN: Las personas con Síndrome de Down están sufriendo un considerable aumento de su esperanza de vida, lo que conlleva padecer ciertas enfermedades crónicas entre las que destaca la demencia y en especial, tipo Alzheimer. En 2015 en España había 600.000 personas diagnosticadas de Alzheimer y aunque en la población general el 50% es mayor de 80 años, en la población específica con Síndrome de Down los rasgos propios del envejecimiento y la instauración de la demencia ocurre entre los 40 y 45 años. Hay distintos motivos por los cuales esta población es más propensa a sufrir esta enfermedad y de manera precoz, la mayoría asociados a consecuencias en reacciones químicas de tener el cromosoma 21 tripitido. Asociada a esta patología se encuentran grandes avances en las maneras de diagnosticarla, siendo más específicas que en la población base, ya que el infra diagnóstico es de los mayores problemas en lo que a esta población se refiere. Los motivos del infra diagnóstico son variados, siendo el más frecuente el déficit intelectual que padecen las personas con Síndrome de Down. Existen distintas maneras de prevención, enlentecimiento de la aparición de los síntomas y abordaje terapéutico una vez instaurada la enfermedad, entre las cuales destacan el abordaje psicosocial y los tratamientos orientados a frenar los mecanismos como la inflamación y el depósito de placas beta amiloides. ABSTRACT: People with Down syndrome are experiencing a considerable increase in their life expectancy, which entails suffering from certain chronic diseases, dementia and especially Alzheimer's type stand out. There were 600,000 people diagnosed with Alzheimer's in 2015 in Spain, although 50% of the general population is over 80 years of age, in the specific population with Down Syndrome the characteristics of aging and the onset of dementia occur between 40 and 45 years. There are different reasons why this population is more prone to suffering earlier from this disease, most of them associated with the consequences in chemical reactions about three 21 chromosome. There are great advances in the ways of diagnosing this pathology, being more specific than in the base population, since underdiagnosis is one of the biggest problem in Down´s Syndrome population. The reasons for underdiagnosis are varied, the most frequent being the intellectual deficit suffered by people with Down syndrome. There are different ways of prevention, slowing the appearance of symptoms and therapeutic approach once the disease has been established, among which the psychosocial approach and treatments aimed at curbing mechanisms such as inflammation and the deposition of amyloid beta plaques. Grado en Enfermería

Racket sports such as padel are characterized by the repetition of unilateral gestures, which can lead to negative adaptations like asymmetries or overuse musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in ball impact positions (i.e., forward or backward of the center of gravity) in nine stroke types in a sample of forty-eight recreational male padel players. The sample included 14,478 shots corresponding to 18 matches from six tournaments. Forty-eight male padel players were classified into two groups according to their level: trained (n = 24) and novice (n = 24). Type of stroke and ball impact position were registered using a computerized motion tracking video system. The ball impact position was computed from the distance (cm) between the coordinates of the ball and the player’s center of gravity. Results show that trained players hit the ball in a more backward position (from 11 to 25 cm, compared to novice) in serve and offensive strokes (volleys, trays, and smashes) but used more forward strokes (from 7 to 32 cm, compared to novice) in defensive shots (groundstrokes, wall strokes, and lobs). Because the current differential variables are trainable and demonstrated to be of relevance for performance, the findings of this study may assist padel coaches in designing proper training plans to improve effectiveness and to prevent musculoskeletal injuries regarding the type of stroke and ball impact position. Such knowledge may constitute a very important factor affecting technique, biomechanics, and injury management in padel players of different competitive levels.

El presente documento compila un análisis de la situación actual del mercado inmobiliario costarricense, de manera que le facilite al lector comprender el entorno de la empresa Eurohogar Inmobiliaria; esta en la actualidad se dedica al desarrollo de proyectos inmobiliarios, desde las etapas tempranas de su conceptualización, hasta el desarrollo, construcción y venta de las unidades unifamiliares para completar el ciclo operativo del negocio. Al igual que en cualquier otro giro de negocio, los altos mandos de la organización buscan maximizar las ganancias de la compañía y asegurar no invertir en proyectos ruinosos. Conociendo que el mercado inmobiliario se compone de una gran cantidad de variables que lo pueden afectar, la alta gerencia de la organización ha establecido con los años una herramienta sencilla y eficaz la cual le ha permitido a la inmobiliaria elegir siempre proyectos rentables. Sin embargo, la Junta Directiva ha puesto en marcha un plan de profesionalización de la empresa, que involucró la revisión de sus procesos internos y mejoras a los controles actuales, con el fin de potenciar el crecimiento y capacidades de la organización. Dentro de estos controles actuales por mejorar, se identifica una importante posibilidad de robustecimiento de la herramienta de análisis financiero utilizada por la Gerencia para la aprobación o rechazo de los proyectos por desarrollar. Este estudio buscará potenciar la herramienta actual de forma tal que permita establecer una nueva metodología de análisis y selección de proyectos inmobiliarios, basados en la metodología original, pero introduciendo en esta indicadores financieros que fundamenten la toma decisiones de la alta gerencia. Dentro de los objetivos principales de la nueva herramienta, se busca que la misma funcione de manera automática y solicite la información requerida del proyecto, pero que la construcción de los flujos y los indicadores financieros se estimen de manera inmediata, de esta manera no se requerirá de una construcción manual en cada uno de los nuevos proyectos y le permitirá a la Gerencia dedicar mayor tiempo en el análisis de los resultados y no en elaboración de flujos para llegar a estos. This document resume an analysis about the current situation of the real estate market around the Eurohogar real estate company, the intention of it is to get a clear idea of the environment surrounding the company. Know days Eurohogar is dedicated to the development of real estate projects, from the initial ideas and concepts from the finishing of it at sale of the housing units, going through the initial draws, the construction process and finishing it at the sales. Just at same as any other business roll model, the seniors managers and the board of directors are focus in increase the profits of the company in every new project, encouraging identify on time between profitable projects from those how will leave monetary losses to the company. Knowing that the real estate business is compose of a large number of variables, the senior managers of the company were created a simply tools that allows to define which projects were more rentable. However, the board of directors has launched a professionalization plan for the company, which involved reviewing its internal processes and improvements to current controls in order to enhance the growth and capabilities of the organization. Within these controls, which are, they planning to be improved, it is identified that there is an important change to improve by powering the financial analysis tool that the manager is already using for the approvals of the new projects. This study will seek to enhance the current tool in such a way that it allows establishing a new methodology for the analysis and selection of real estate projects, based on the original methodology, but introducing in it financial indicators that support the decision making of general manager. Within the main objectives of the new tool, it is sought that it works automatically requesting the required information of the project, but that the construction of the flows and the financial indicator are estimated immediately. In such a wat that it will not be required of a manual construction in each of the new projects, allowing the manager to spend more time in the analysis of the results and not in the elaboration of flows to reach them. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Ciencias Sociales::Maestría Profesional en Administración y Dirección de Empresas con énfasis en Finanzas

En la industria farmacéutica, resulta mandatorio según las Buenas Prácticas de Laboratorio (BPL), asegurar la calidad de los medios de cultivo preparados, los cuales se emplean para el control de calidad microbiológico de medicamentos. Si bien los frascos comerciales de los medios deshidratados vienen con su certificado de calidad, en su preparación intervienen varios factores que podrían hacer perder a los medios de cultivo sus propiedades, como por ejemplo el autoclavado y las condiciones de almacenamiento, motivo por el cual las BPL y obras oficiales denominadas farmacopeas, indican que se debe determinan la vigencia de los medios preparados, sin embargo, las farmacopeas describen como evaluar la calidad de los medios mas no detallan como determinar su vigencia. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el tiempo de vigencia de 2 medios solidos diferenciales, agar P para pseudomona (PSP) y agar F para pseudomona (PSF), en un periodo de 30 días; teniendo en cuenta para el procedimiento propuesto los parámetros de calidad definidos en la farmacopea de Estados Unidos vigente, realizando 3 repeticiones en base a lo descrito en las Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM) para procesos de validación. Se obtuvo como resultados que el agar PSF mantiene sus características hasta los 30 días, mientras que el agar PSF hasta 15 días de observación. En las 3 repeticiones para ambos medios se mantuvieron las características de aspecto, pH, esterilidad y porcentaje de recuperación entre 50 a 200%. Por otro lado, la propiedad indicadora del medio PSP (Piocianina) se observó de muy baja intensidad a los 30 días, mientras que la propiedad indicadora del medio PSF (Fluoresceína) se mantuvo hasta los 30 días de observación, en las condiciones de almacenamiento evaluadas (medios almacenados en frascos a temperatura de 13 a 15 °C). In the pharmaceutical industry, according to Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), it is mandatory to ensure the quality of prepared culture media, which are used for the microbiological quality control of drugs. Although the commercial bottles of dehydrated media come with their quality certificate, several factors intervene in their preparation that could make the culture media lose their properties, such as autoclaving and storage conditions, which is why the GLP and official works called pharmacopoeias indicate that the validity of the prepared media must be determined, however, the pharmacopoeias describe how to evaluate the quality of the media but do not detail how to determine its validity. In the present work, the validity time of 2 differential solid media was evaluated, P agar for pseudomonas (PSP) and F agar for pseudomonas (PSF), in a period of 30 days; taking into account for the proposed procedure the quality parameters defined in the current United States Pharmacopeia, carrying out 3 repetitions based on what is described in the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for validation processes. The results were that the PSF agar maintains its characteristics up to 30 days, while the PSF agar up to 15 days of observation. In the 3 repetitions for both media, the characteristics of appearance, pH, sterility and percentage of recovery between 50 to 200% were maintained. On the other hand, the indicator property of the PSP medium (Pyocyanin) was observed of very low intensity at 30 days, while the indicator property of the PSF medium (Fluorescein) was maintained until 30 days of observation, in the storage conditions evaluated. (media stored in bottles at 13-15 ° C).

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder elicited by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Gluten restriction in CD sufferers leads to numerous limitations in various aspects of daily life and can significantly impact the quality-of-life (QoL). The specific and widely used Coeliac Disease Questionnaire (CDQ) is an excellent tool to evaluate QoL in patients with CD, assessing physical, psychological, and social domains. This questionnaire is unavailable in Spain. Therefore, our study is the first to translate, culturally adapt, validate, and apply the Spanish version of CDQ to a representative sample of Spanish teenagers and adults with CD. Methods: A total of 153 CD participants with biopsy-proven and self-reported gluten-free adherence were included in the cross-sectional study, which included four stages: (1) translation and retranslation of the French CDQ version into Spanish; (2) cultural adaptation and semantic evaluation; (3) CDQ validation through the internal consistency determination and reproducibility of the QoL; and (4) application of the questionnaire to Spanish teenagers and adults with CD and estimation of QoL using EQ-5D. Results: The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the Spanish CDQ were satisfactory and no ceiling or floor effects were detected. Significant correlations were identified between the CDQ scales, and the instrument for validation covering similar dimensions of the QoL was identified. The mean CDQ total score was 131.03 ± 24.1, and the social domain had the highest rating. There was no correlation between the time spent on a gluten-free diet and QoL. A significantly higher QoL score was reported among males and adolescents in the 15–17 age groups. Conclusion: The newly Spanish CDQ is an appropriate tool to assess the QoL of the teenager and adult patients with CD. This study highlights the importance of identifying the affected scales to address actions to reduce the impact of the gluten-free diet burden of the coeliac patients and maintain public health regulations that support patients with chronic diseases such as CD Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial 20/0112 Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía 20/0112