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Hyperspectral data and its ability to explore the minerals and their associated rocks have a remarkable application in mineral exploration and lithological characterization. The present study aims to explore the radiation shielding aspects of the iron ore in Kerala with the aid of the Hyperion hyperspectral dataset. The reflectance-spectra obtained from the laboratory conditions as well as from the image show various absorptions. The results from the spectra are validated with geochemical data and GPS points. The Monte Carlo simulation employed to evaluate the radiation shielding ability. Raising the oxygen ions caused a noteworthy decrease in the μ values of the studied rocks which is accompanied by an increase in Δ0.5 and Δeq values. The Δ0.5 and Δeq values increased by factors of approximately 77 % with raising the oxygen ions between 44.32 and 47.57 wt.%. The μ values varies with the oxygen concentrations, where the μ values decreased from 2.531 to 0.925 cm−1 (at 0.059 MeV), from 0.381to 0.215 cm−1 (at 0.662 MeV), and from 0.279 to 0.158 cm−1 (at 1.25 MeV) with raising the oxygen ions from 44.32 to 47.43 wt.%.

Single crystals of organic type of NLO crystalline material of DBNT - 8, 9-Dimethoxybenzo[b]naphtho [2,3-d] thiophene are proceeded to be grown by slow evaporation procedure and milled to micro scale and irradiated of Co-60 source of 100 Gy, 500 Gy and 5000 Gy for better scope of classification of system of the monoclinic type of DBNT-pure, micro and irradiated ones. The hardness study specifies the reverse indentation size effect (RISE) with work hardening coefficient above two of all DBNT specimen leads to the micro-tribological workings for springs with proper elastic parameters; the transmittance of DBNT of 5 specimens are 321 nm, 323 nm, 341 nm, 351 nm, and 352 nm for macro, micro, 100 Gy, 500 Gy, 5000 Gy. The photonic utility of identity for 3.86 eV and is 3.8629 eV by the transmittance data. The Non Linear Optical - NLO component this of 1.9, 1.94, 1.95, 1.96, 1.99 times that of KDP from which phase matching provision is enabled the influx property for the DBNT specimens is in the order of microns the (110) and (111) indexing represent for display device configuration. The dielectric behaviour of DBNT shows that polarization properly enabled for all categories by electrical performance, the abnormal variation is due to the vacancies created in the molecule by irradiation.

The most significant issues that humans face today include a growing population, an altering climate, an growing reliance on pesticides, the appearance of novel infectious agents, and an accumulation of industrial waste. The production of agricultural goods has also been subject to a great number of significant shifts, often known as agricultural revolutions, which have been influenced by the progression of civilization, technology, and general human advancement. Sustainable measures that can be applied in agriculture, the environment, medicine, and industry are needed to lessen the harmful effects of the aforementioned problems. Endophytes, which might be bacterial or fungal, could be a successful solution. They protect plants and promote growth by producing phytohormones and by providing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Endophytes produce the diverse type of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, chinones, phenolic acids etc. and are known for various therapeutic advantages such as anticancer, antitumor, antidiabetic, antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant activity. Proteases, pectinases, amylases, cellulases, xylanases, laccases, lipases, and other types of enzymes that are vital for many different industries can also be produced by endophytes. Due to the presence of all these bioactive compounds in endophytes, they have preferred sources for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. This review aims to comprehend the contributions and uses of endophytes in agriculture, medicinal, industrial sectors and bio-nanotechnology with their mechanism of action.

The development of precise and controlled CRISPR-Cas tools has been made possible by the discovery of protein inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas systems, called anti-CRISPRs (Acrs). The Acr protein has the ability to control off-targeted mutations and impede Cas protein–editing operations. Acr can help with selective breeding, which could help plants and animals improve their valuable features. In this review, the Acr protein–based inhibitory mechanisms that have been adopted by several Acrs, such as (a) the interruption of CRISPR-Cas complex assembly, (b) interference with target DNA binding, (c) blocking of target DNA/RNA cleavage, and (d) enzymatic modification or degradation of signalling molecules, were discussed. In addition, this review emphasizes the applications of Acr proteins in the plant research.

In this work, series of pH-responsive hydrogels (FMA1–FMA9) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as potential carrier for oral delivery of an antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV). Different proportions of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), chitosan (CS), methacrylic acid (MAA) and N′ N′-methylenebis-acrylamide (MBA) were used to fabricate hydrogels via free radical polymerization technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed fabrication of new polymeric network, with successful incorporation of ACV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated presence of slightly porous structure. Thermal analysis indicated enhanced thermal stability of polymeric network. Swelling studies were carried out at 37 °C in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The drug release data was found best fit to zero-order kinetics. The preliminary investigation of developed hydrogels showed a pH-dependent swelling behavior and drug release pattern. Acute oral toxicity study indicated no significant changes in behavioral, clinical, or histopathological parameters of Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetic study indicated that developed hydrogels caused a significant increase in oral bioavailability of ACV in rabbit plasma as compared to oral suspension when both were administered at a single oral dose of 20 mg kg−1 bodyweight. Hence, developed hydrogel formulation could be used as potential candidate for controlled drug delivery of an antiviral drug acyclovir.

This research investigates the influence of the concentration of Sm+3 ions on the properties of a new borosilicate glass system with the composition 50B2O3– 14SiO2- 20Li2O– 15Na2O– 1.0Al2O3-x(Sm2O3), where × = 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm. The glasses are characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV– Vis-NIR, and photoluminescence spectra. The XRD results proved that all glasses prepared are amorphous. Moreover, it was found that the values of density (ρ), and refractive index (n), rise with increasing of Sm+3 content. Otherwise, the value of molar volume, optical energy gap, and boron-boron distance decrease by increasing Sm+3 concentration. The structure of glasses studied was investigated by computing Internuclearri, Polaron radius rp, field strength F and the deconvolution of FTIR spectra. Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to clarify the structural changes and nature of the bonds of glasses prepared. Moreover, a spectroscopic quality factor, the branching ratio (βr), and lifetime (τ) are calculated with the use of Judd-Ofelt parameters. The color chromaticity of the glasses confirmed that the emission in the white-reddish orange region under 402 nm excitation is affected by the concentration of Sm3+ ions. The results of photoluminescence emission stimulated emission cross-section, and CIE chromaticity leads to the conclusion that the glass BSLNA5 are promising candidates as laser material for light-emitting diode (LED).