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We prove some partial results on the periodicity of billiard systems on graphs. The results specialize to the case of $n$ billiards with equal mass on the unit interval or circle traveling at the same speed.

In this paper, we prove the entirety of loop group Eisenstein series induced from cusp forms on the underlying finite dimensional group, by demonstrating their absolute convergence on the full complex plane. This is quite in contrast to the finite-dimensional setting, where such series only converge absolutely in a right half plane (and have poles elsewhere coming from $L$-functions in their constant terms). Our result is the $\Q$-analog of a theorem of A. Braverman and D. Kazhdan from the function field setting, who previously showed the analogous Eisenstein series are finite sums., Comment: 43 pages

Arthur has conjectured that the unitarity of a number of representations can be shown by finding appropriate automorphic realizations. This has been verified for classical groups by Moeglin and for the exceptional Chevalley group G_2 by Kim. In this paper we extend their results on spherical representations to the remaining exceptional groups E_6, E_7, E_8, and F_4. In particular we prove Arthur's conjecture that the spherical constituent of an unramified principal series of a Chevalley group over any local field of characteristic zero is unitarizable if its Langlands parameter coincides with half the marking of a coadjoint nilpotent orbit of the Langlands dual Lie algebra., Comment: 8 pages. The computational data and programs can be found at http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~sdmiller/L2

We consider the Fourier expansions of automorphic forms on general Lie groups, with a particular emphasis on exceptional groups. After describing some principles underlying known results on GL(n), Sp(4), and G_2, we perform an analysis of the expansions on split real forms of E_6 and E_7 where simplifications take place for automorphic realizations of real representations which have small Gelfand-Kirillov dimension. Though the character varieties are more complicated for exceptional groups, we explain how the nonvanishing Fourier coefficients for small representations behave analogously to Fourier coefficients on GL(n). We use this mechanism, for example, to show that the minimal representation of either E_6 or E_7 never occurs in the cuspidal automorphic spectrum. We also give a complete description of the internal Chevalley modules of all complex Chevalley groups -- that is, the orbit decomposition of the Levi factor of a maximal parabolic on its unipotent radical. This generalizes classical results on trivectors and in particular includes a full description of the complex character variety orbits for all maximal parabolics. The results of this paper have been applied in the string theory literature to the study of BPS instanton contributions to graviton scattering [arXiv:1111.2983]., Comment: 57 pages, 4 figures

This paper concerns some novel features of maximal parabolic Eisenstein series at certain special values of their analytic parameter s. These series arise as coefficients in the R4 and D4R4 interactions in the low energy expansion of scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric string theory reduced to D=10-d dimensions on a torus T^d, d<8. For each d these amplitudes are automorphic functions on the rank d+1 symmetry group E_d+1. Of particular significance is the orbit content of the Fourier modes of these series when expanded in three different parabolic subgroups, corresponding to certain limits of string theory. This is of interest in the classification of a variety of instantons that correspond to minimal or next-to-minimal BPS orbits. In the limit of decompactification from D to D+1 dimensions many such instantons are related to charged 1/2-BPS or 1/4-BPS black holes with euclidean world-lines wrapped around the large dimension. In a different limit the instantons give nonperturbative corrections to string perturbation theory, while in a third limit they describe nonperturbative contributions in eleven-dimensional supergravity. A proof is given that these three distinct Fourier expansions have certain vanishing coefficients that are expected from string theory. In particular, the Eisenstein series for these special values of s have markedly fewer Fourier coefficients than typical ones. The corresponding mathematics involves showing that the wavefront sets of the Eisenstein series are supported on only certain coadjoint nilpotent orbits - just the minimal and trivial orbits in the 1/2-BPS case, and just the next-to-minimal, minimal and trivial orbits in the 1/4-BPS case. Thus as a byproduct we demonstrate that the next-to-minimal representations occur automorphically for E6, E7, and E8, and hence the first two nontrivial low energy coefficients are exotic theta-functions., Comment: v3: 127 pp. Minor changes. Final version to appear in the Special Issue in honor of Professor Steve Rallis

The analytic properties of automorphic L-functions have historically been obtained either through integral representations (the "Rankin-Selberg method"), or properties of the Fourier expansions of Eisenstein series (the "Langlands-Shahidi method"). We introduce a method based on pairings of automorphic distributions, that appears to be applicable to a wide variety of L-functions, including all which have integral representations. In some sense our method could be considered a completion of the Rankin-Selberg method because of its common features. We consider a particular but representative example, the exterior square L-functions on GL(n), by constructing a pairing which we compute as a product of this L-function times an explicit ratio of Gamma functions. We use this to deduce that exterior square L-functions, when multiplied by the Gamma factors predicted by Langlands, are holomorphic on C-{0,1} with at most simple poles at 0 and 1, proving a conjecture of Langlands which has not been obtained by the existing two methods., Comment: 41 pages, dedicated in memory of Joseph Shalika, to appear in Jour. Amer. Math. Soc

Automorphic representations can be studied in terms of the embeddings of abstract models of representations into spaces of functions on Lie groups that are invariant under discrete subgroups. In this paper we describe an adelic framework to describe them for the group GL(n,R), and provide a detailed analysis of the automorphic distributions associated to the mirabolic Eisenstein series. We give an explicit functional equation for some distributional pairings involving this mirabolic Eisenstein distribution, and the action of intertwining operators., Comment: 46 pages, to appear in Contemporary Mathematics, volume in honor of Gregg Zuckerman's 60th birthday edited by Jeff Adams, Bong Lian and Siddhartha Sahi

We present a pairing of automorphic distributions that applies in situations where a Lie group acts with an open orbit on a product of generalized flag varieties. The pairing gives meaning to an integral of products of automorphic distributions on these varieties. This generalizes classical integral representations or "Rankin-Selberg integrals" of L-functions, and gives new constructions and analytic continuations of automorphic L-functions. Keywords: Automorphic forms, invariant pairings, automorphic distributions, L-functions, analytic continuation, rapid decay., Comment: 19 pages, to appear in Mathematische Annalen

Many important analytic statements about automorphic forms, such as the analytic continuation of certain L-functions, rely on the well-known rapid decay of K-finite cusp forms on Siegel sets. We extend this here to prove a more general decay statement along sets much larger than Siegel sets, and furthermore state and prove the decay for smooth but not necessarily K-finite cusp forms. We also state a general theorem about the convergence of Rankin-Selberg integrals involving unipotent periods, closing a gap in the literature on L-functions. These properties serve as the analytic basis of a new method to establish holomorphic continuations of Langlands L-functions, in particular the exterior square L-functions on GL(n). Keywords: Automorphic forms, rapid decay, cusp forms, L-functions, Rankin-Selberg, integral representations, uniform moderate growth., Comment: 35 pages, 1 figure

Scattering amplitudes of superstring theory are strongly constrained by the requirement that they be invariant under dualities generated by discrete subgroups, E_n(Z), of simply-laced Lie groups in the E_n series (n<= 8). In particular, expanding the four-supergraviton amplitude at low energy gives a series of higher derivative corrections to Einstein's theory, with coefficients that are automorphic functions with a rich dependence on the moduli. Boundary conditions supplied by string and supergravity perturbation theory, together with a chain of relations between successive groups in the E_n series, constrain the constant terms of these coefficients in three distinct parabolic subgroups. Using this information we are able to determine the expressions for the first two higher derivative interactions (which are BPS-protected) in terms of specific Eisenstein series. Further, we determine key features of the coefficient of the third term in the low energy expansion of the four-supergraviton amplitude (which is also BPS-protected) in the E_8 case. This is an automorphic function that satisfies an inhomogeneous Laplace equation and has constant terms in certain parabolic subgroups that contain information about all the preceding terms., Comment: Latex. 38 pages. 1 figure. v2: minor changes and clarifications. v3: minor corrections, version to appear in Communications in Number Theory and Physics. v4: corrections to tables

We introduce an analog of part of the Langlands-Shahidi method to the p-adic setting, constructing reciprocals of certain p-adic L-functions using the nonconstant terms of the Fourier expansions of Eisenstein series. We carry out the method for the group SL(2), and give explicit p-adic measures whose Mellin transforms are reciprocals of Dirichlet L-functions., Comment: 16 pages, to appear in a Contemp. Math. (AMS) volume in memory of Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro

This study examined the perceptions of special education teachers of special education in central Taiwan. Responses to a questionnaire were received from 176 teachers in central Taiwan, representing about 20% of the special education teachers in the central area. The 29 questionnaire items were grouped into 7 topics. Taiwanese elementary school special education teachers were generally in agreement that special education students need more help for their problems. They were generally positive about placement alternatives for special education students, although they were somewhat negative about the use of IQ scores and the actual effects of placement for students. They had somewhat favorable opinions about schools' capabilities for accommodating special education programs, but were split in their views of the quality of training for special needs students, and essentially neutral about their own roles in student placement, collaboration among different professionals in the field, and support groups working in special education. The study also reveals the lack of research about special education in Taiwan. Appendixes contain the English and Mandarin Chinese translations of the cover letter and survey instrument. (Contains 30 tables and 53 references.) (SLD)

A study examined the extent to which demographic factors predict rural values in Kentucky public school district hiring officials. Among the demographic factors considered were school district metropolitan classification, school district size, community racial composition, decision makers' position in the organizational hierarchy, and decision makers' background. Rural values were identified as community centrism, traditionalism, primary group preferences, and social conservatism. Surveys were conducted with 214 Kentucky school district superintendents and principals, of whom 77 percent were from nonmetropolitan districts, 64 percent were from small districts, and 75 percent were from racially homogeneous communities. Findings indicate that in each case, individuals who were in rural areas, had rural backgrounds, were from small, racially homogeneous school districts, and held a superintendency were more likely to possess rural values than their demographic counterparts. Moreover, individuals who fit each of the rural profiles were more likely to harbor rural values than individuals who fit only some of the categories. In fact, it seems that the combination of the variables, as much as any singular factor, contributed to the values formation. Implications are discussed for the person-organization fit model of influences on teacher hiring decisions. (Contains 56 references) (TD)

In an earlier paper we derived an analogue of the classical Voronoi summation formula for automorphic forms on GL(3), by using the theory of automorphic distributions. The purpose of the present paper is to apply this theory to derive the analogous formulas for GL(n)., Comment: To appear in "Geometric analysis: Present and Future", procedings of a conference held in honor of the 60th birthday of Shing-Tung Yau at Harvard, August 27-Sept 1, 2008 (in the Advanced Lectures in Math series of International Press)