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Digital twins are becoming established tools for physical devices and systems. Their success has raised the promise and the “grand challenge” of digital twins of organizations. To the extent that organizations include networks of interdependent processes, human agency and conflict, and learning, we argue that building valid, reliable digital twins of organizations involves substantial challenges that might require new methods and new science as compared to current models of business processes. For instance, we need a richer, more complete vocabulary to describe interdependence and regulatory mechanisms that managers can use to design and intervene in networks of interdependent processes. Models from biological sciences might provide fruitful inspiration, given that regulatory networks play important roles in biological systems. If we are serious about digital twins of organizations, we need to push the boundaries of process methods and process science.

In this paper we highlight a yet unexplored dimension in BPM in general, and conformance checking, in particular. While a breadth of research has focused in differentiating conforming versus nonconforming process executions, little it is known about the difference between different conforming traces. This is of particular importance in the light of the fact that not all conforming executions are equal: some achieve the intended outcome better than others. In this position paper, we demonstrate why existing model-driven and data-driven techniques are not enough to attack the problem in its full generality, and that novel methods to combine them in ways that have not yet been explored are essential within BPM.

Audio recordings and the corresponding transcripts are often used as prosthetic memory (PM) after meetings and lectures. While current research is mainly developing novel features for prosthetic memory, less is known on how and why audio recordings and transcripts are used. We investigate how users interact with audio and transcripts as prosthetic memory, whether interaction strategies change over time, and analyse potential differences in accuracy and efficiency. In contrast to the subjective user perception, our results show that audio recordings and transcripts are equally efficient, but that transcripts are generally preferred due to their easily accessible contextual information. We further identified that prosthetic memory is not only used as a recall aid but frequently also consulted for verifying information that has been recalled from organic memory (OM). Our findings are summarised in a number of design implications for prosthetic memory solutions.

Nowadays, digital and paper documents are used simultaneously during daily tasks. While significant research has been carried out to support the re-finding of digital documents, less effort has been made to provide similar functionality for paper documents. In this paper, we present a solution that enables the design of cross-media Personal Information Management (PIM) user interfaces helping users in re-finding documents across digital and physical information spaces. We propose three main design requirements for the presented cross-media PIM user interfaces. Further, we illustrate how these design requirements have been applied in the development of three proof-of-concept applications and describe a software framework supporting the design of these interfaces. Finally, we discuss opportunities for future improvements of the presented cross-media PIM user interfaces.

Protsesside juhtimise süsteemid leiavad aina enam kasutust toetamaks muutlike situatsioone ja koostööd nõudvaid protsesse. Mõned valdkonnad on väga muutlikud oma keskkonna poolest, võides muutuda protsessi jooksul ja seega mõjutada töövoogu moel, mil protsessiga pole enam võimalik jätkata. Sellistes valdkondades tegelevad näiteks hädaabi, päästekomandod, kiirabi ja teised. Taolised meeskonnad koosnevad üldjuhul vastavalt tegevuskohale opereerivatest osalejatest. Nendes valdkondades on oodamatute sündmuste sagedus ja erinevus väga suur võrreldes tavapäraste äriprotsessidega mida praegused äriprotsesside juhtimise lahendused hallata suudavad. 2011. aastal tutvustati Rooma Sapienza Ülikoolis esialgset SmartPM (Tark Protsesside Juhtija) konseptsiooni tõestavat prototüüpi ja mudelit mis suudab automaatselt kohanduda planeerimata muutustega. Pidev reaalmaailma muutujate jälgimine on vajalik taolistes valdkondades. Küber-füüsilise süsteemi loomine aitab seda automatiseerida, luues füüsilisest-digitaalseks silla. See sild võib olla tööriistade kogum mis koosneb sensoritest, mobiilsetest seadmetest ja tõlkivast kihist et võtta reaalmaailmast informatsioon ja muuta see digitaalsele süsteemile mõistetavaks. Probleem tekib sensoritelt tuleva informatsiooni tõlkimisel kuna digitaalne süsteem töötleb ainult diskreetseid väärtuseid, aga sensoritelt tulev informatsioon on üldjuhul pidev. Selle probleemi lahendamiseks pakkus autor välja ja implementeeris konkreetse lahenduse. Käesolev töö tutvustab lähemalt sensori-teadliku ülesannete juhtijat ja veebitööriista (mis loodi lahendamaks reaalmaailma väärtuste diskretiseermise probleemi) arhitektuuri ja implementatsiooni. Samuti seletatakse kuidas käesoleva töö tulemusena täiendati ja uuendati kohanevat protsesside juhtimise süsteemi, SmartPMi., Process Management Systems (PMSs) are more and more used to support highly dynamic situations and cooperative processes. Some domains have great diversity of environment variables that can change during the process and therefore affect the workflow in a way that process can not be successfully carried out. Such can be emergency management, health care and other domains involving in most cases in-field actors. In those domains, the frequency and variety of unexpected changes is really high compared to classical business domains that current Business Process Management (BPM) solutions can handle. In 2011, a model and an initial proofof-concept prototype of SmartPM (Smart Process Management) was introduced in Sapienza - Universit´a di Roma that is able to automatically cope with unplanned changes. The continuous screening of the real-world factors is suggested for such domains. A cyber-physical system can be created to automate the screening via physical-to-digital bridge. This bridge can be a set of tools consisting of sensors, mobile devices and translation layer to extract and feed the real-world information to the digital system. Challenge arises when transferring the information from sensors to the system as the system works with discrete values, but the information gathered by the sensors is continuous in most cases. To target this problem, a concrete solution is proposed and implemented by the author. This thesis explains the architecture and implementation of the sensor-aware task list handler and the web tool approach that was created to solve the discretization challenge of the real-world values. It is also explained how the adaptive PMS, SmartPM, was further developed and updated as the contribution of this thesis.

One of the main promises of process conformance is the opportunity to align normative processes (i.e. how the process should behave) and event logs (i.e. how does the process actually behaves). Results of conformance checking are valid as long as normative processes correspond to actual norms. Recent developments advocate the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to process model discovery from texts. We present a series of challenges in textual process discovery that limit its applicability to real norms. The challenges emerges from experiences with legal practitioners in the digitalization of administrative processes in Danish and Italian municipalities, and they need to be solved in order to provide accurate normative processes that reflect the intent of laws.