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The sustained opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is a decisive event in the onset of irreversible cell injury. The PTP is modulated by numerous exogenous and endogenous effectors, including mitochondrial membrane potential, ions and metabolites. Mitochondrial sirtuins have recently emerged as pivotal mediators of mitochondrial metabolism. In the present study, we demonstrate that sirt-4 modulates sensitivity to PTP onset induced by calcium and the oxidative cross linking reagent phenylarsine oxide, and PTP dependent cytotoxicity brought about by TNF or doxorubicin. Moreover, the ability of sirt-4 to modulate onset of the PTP is dependent on the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase-1.

We describe coprime factorizations of rational matrix functions that have the degree of nonminimality as small as possible. The description is based on state-space representations. The recently developed theory of common minimal divisors of rational matrix functions serves as a main tool in the proofs.

A wearable, low-cost device was developed for measuring cerebral blood flow using speckle contrast optical spectroscopy. We present its design and results from different protocols during realistic scenarios taking advantage of it being a wearable device.