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The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Finland, and co-rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, for the pesticide active substance propiconazole are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of propiconazole as a fungicide on wheat and barley. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified., (© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Spain, and co-rapporteur Member State, Greece, for the pesticide active substance forchlorfenuron are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of forchlorfenuron as a plant growth regulator on kiwifruit and grapes. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concern is identified., (© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessment carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, for the pesticide active substance terbuthylazine are reported. The context of the peer review was that requested by the European Commission following the submission and evaluation of confirmatory data on groundwater metabolites. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of terbuthylazine as a herbicide on maize and sorghum. The reliable endpoints concluded as being appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, derived from the available studies and literature in the dossier peer reviewed, are presented. Concerns are identified., (© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, France, and co-rapporteur Member State, Germany, for the pesticide active substance bromoxynil. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of bromoxynil as a herbicide on maize and straw cereals. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified., (© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Belgium, and co-rapporteur Member State, Greece, for the pesticide active substance mepanipyrim are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of mepanipyrim as a fungicide on table and wine grapes, and in field and protected strawberries and tomatoes. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified., (© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, and co-rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance laminarin are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of laminarin as elicitor on apple, pear, vine, kiwi, green bean, lettuce, strawberry, tomato, cucurbits, aubergine and pepper. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified., (© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessment carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, for the pesticide active substance metazachlor are reported. The context of the peer review was that requested by the European Commission following the submission and evaluation of confirmatory data regarding the groundwater exposure of metabolites and their toxicological relevance triggering an assessment. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of metazachlor as a herbicide on winter and spring rapeseed and on ornamental trees and shrubs. The reliable endpoints concluded as being appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, derived from the available studies and literature in the dossier peer reviewed, are presented. Concerns are identified., (© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, and co-rapporteur Member State, Ireland, for the pesticide active substance mecoprop-P are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of mecoprop-P as a herbicide on winter and spring wheat (including durum and spelt), barley, rye, oats and triticale. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified., (© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessment carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, Italy, for the pesticide active substance isoxaflutole are reported. The context of the peer review was that requested by the European Commission following the submission and evaluation of negligible exposure data. EFSA prepared a conclusion where the assessment of the information is presented according to the draft technical guidance on assessment of negligible exposure of an active substance in a plant protection product under realistic conditions of use. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of isoxaflutole as a herbicide on maize and sweet corn., (© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

An important gap has been detected in the application of the European framework for the evaluation of pesticide active substances constituted by enantiomeric and other kind of stereoisomeric mixtures. Up to date, little attention has been paid to the different biological properties of these compounds. Considering efficacy, toxicity, environmental fate and behaviour and ecotoxicity of separated isomers is necessary to fulfil Directive 91/414/EEC objectives of health and environment protection. Here, a critical review of this question for pesticide active substances is presented. An evaluative scheme for considering this question in the framework of Directive 91/414/EEC is also proposed.

An analytical kinetic model was developed to simulate the degradation of pesticides in systems such as soil or water. Based on a single compartment system, a set of simultaneous first-order differential equations was analytically solved by the eigenvalue and eigenvector method. The developed model is capable of simulating the concentrations of parent compound and any net of degradation products connected by irreversible reactions.

The methanolysis of choline p-nitrophenylcarbonate in chloroform containing 1% methanol is catalyzed with turnover by ditopic receptors 1 and 2, consisting of a calix[6]arene connected to a bicyclic guanidinium by means of a short spacer. The calix[6]arene subunit strongly binds to the trimethylammonium head group through cation-pi interactions, whereas the guanidinium moiety is deputed to stabilize through hydrogen bonding reinforced by electrostatic attraction the anionic tetrahedral intermediate resulting from methoxide addition to the ester carbonyl. The observed cholinesterase activity had been anticipated on the basis of the ability of the ditopic receptors 1 and 2 to bind strongly to the choline phosphate DOPC, which is a transition state analogue for the BAc2-type cleavage of choline esters.