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251. Extracting Hidden Hierarchies in 3D Distribution Networks

Author

Carl D. Modes, Marcelo O. Magnasco, and Eleni Katifori

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Natural and man-made transport webs are frequently dominated by dense sets of nested cycles. The architecture of these networks, as defined by the topology and edge weights, determines how efficiently the networks perform their function. Yet, the set of tools that can characterize such a weighted cycle-rich architecture in a physically relevant, mathematically compact way is sparse. In order to fill this void, we have developed a new algorithm that rests on an abstraction of the physical “tiling” in the case of a two-dimensional network to an effective tiling of an abstract surface in 3-space that the network may be thought to sit in. Generically, these abstract surfaces are richer than the flat plane because there are now two families of fundamental units that may aggregate upon cutting weakest links—the plaquettes of the tiling and the longer “topological” cycles associated with the abstract surface itself. Upon sequential removal of the weakest links, as determined by a physically relevant edge weight, such as flow volume or capacity, neighboring plaquettes merge and a new tree graph characterizing this merging process results. The properties of this characteristic tree can provide the physical and topological data required to describe the architecture of the network and to build physical models. The new algorithm can be used for automated phenotypic characterization of any weighted network whose structure is dominated by cycles, such as mammalian vasculature in the organs or the force networks in jammed granular matter.

Published
2016
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253. Clinical characteristics, management and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 In Genoa, Italy

Author

Vena, Antonio, Giacobbe, DANIELE ROBERTO, DI BIAGIO, Antonio, Mikulska, MALGORZATA KAROLINA, Taramasso, Lucia, DE MARIA, Andrea, Ball, Lorenzo, Brunetti, Iole, Loconte, Maurizio, Patroniti, Nicolò A., Robba, Chiara, Delfino, Emanuele, Dentone, Chiara, Magnasco, Laura, Nicolini, LAURA AMBRA, Federica, Toscanini, Bavastro, Martina, Cerchiaro, Matteo, Barisione, Emanuela, Giacomini, Mauro, Mora, Sara, Baldi, Federico, Balletto, Elisa, Berruti, Marco, Briano, Federica, Sepulcri, Chiara, Dettori, Silvia, Labate, Laura, Mirabella, Michele, Portunato, Federica, Pincino, Rachele, Russo, Chiara, Tutino, Stefania, Pelosi, PAOLO PASQUALINO, Bassetti, Matteo, Anna, Alessandrini, Marco, Camera, Ferdinando, Dodi, Ferrazin, Antonio, Mazzarello, Giovanni, Schenone, Eva, Nirmala, Rosseti, Sarteschi, Giovanni, Pontremoli, Roberto, Beccati, Valentina, Salvatore, Casciaro, Casu, Massimo, Francesco, Gavaudan, Maria, Ghinatti, Gualco, Elisa, Leoncini, Giovanna, Pitto, Paola, Salam, Kassem, Gratarola, Angelo, Bixio, Mattia, Annalisa, Amelia, Balestra, Andrea, Paola, Ballarino, Bardi, Nicholas, Boccafogli, Roberto, Caserza, Francesca, Calzolari, Elisa, Castelli, Marta, Cenni, Elisabetta, Cortese, Paolo, Cuttone, Giuseppe, Feltrin, Sara, Giovinazzo, Stefano, Giuntini, Patrizia, Natale, Letizia, Orsi, Davide, Pastorino, Matteo, Perazzo, Tommaso, Pescetelli, Fabio, Schenone, Federico, Maria Grazia Serra, Sottano, Marco, Tallone, Roberto, Massimo, Amelotti, Marie Jeanne Majabò, Massimo, Merlini, Perazzo, Federica, Nidal, Ahamd, Paolo, Barbera, Bovio, Marta, Campodonico, Paola, Andrea, Collidà, Cutuli, Ombretta, Agnese, Lomeo, Fezza, Francesca, Nicola, Gentilucci, HUSSEIN EL DIB, Nadia, Malvezzi, Emanuele, Massobrio, Laura, Giula, Motta, Laura, Pastorino, Nicoletta, Pollicardo, Sartini, Stefano, Vacca, Paola, Virga, Valentina, Porto, Italo, Giampaolo, Bezante, Roberta Della Bona, LA MALFA, Giovanni, Alberto, Valbusa, GIL AD, Vered, Michele, Bellotti, Aloè, Teresita, Alessandro, Blanco, Grosso, Marco, Maria Grazia Piroddi, Moscatelli, Paolo, Matteo, Caiti, Magnani, Ottavia, Sukkar, Samir, Ludovica, Cogorno, Gradaschi, Raffaella, Erica, Guiddo, Martino, Eleonora, Pisciotta, Livia, Bruno, Cavagliere, Rossi, Cristina, Farina, Francesca, Garibotto, Giacomo, Esposito, Pasquale, Carmen, Bellezza, Harusha, Emirjona, Rossi, Francesca, Arboscello, Eleonora, Laura, Arzani, Laura De Mattei: Marzia Spadaro, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Bagnasco, Diego, Braido, Fulvio, Annamaria, Riccio, Tagliabue, Elena, Gustavino, Claudio, Ferraiolo, Antonella, Monacelli, Fiammetta, Mahmoud, Mona, Tagliafico, Luca, Napolitano, Armando, Maria, Fiorio, Pizzonia, Monica, Giannotti, Chiara, Nencioni, Alessio, Salvatore, Giuffrida, Nicola, Rosso, Morando, Alessandra, Riccardo, Papalia, Passerini, Donata, Gabriella, Tiberio, Giovanni, Orengo, Battaglini, Alberto, Silvano, Ruffoni, and Sergio, Caglieris

Subjects
Male, Pneumonia, Viral, Article, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19 Testing, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Pandemics, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, IL-6, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Middle Aged, mortality, ARDS, Sars-COV2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Hospitalization, Italy, Female, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract

Objectives To describe clinical characteristics, management and outcome of COVID-19 patients; and to evaluate risk factors for all-cause in-hospital mortality. Methods This retrospective study from a University tertiary care hospital in northern Italy, included hospitalized adult patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between February 25th, 2020 and March 25th, 2020. Results Overall, 317 patients were enrolled. Their median age 71 years and 67.2% were males (213/317). The most common underlying diseases were hypertension (149/317; 47.0%), cardiovascular disease (63/317, 19.9%) and diabetes (49/317; 15.5%). Common symptoms at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis included fever (285/317; 89.9%), shortness of breath (167/317; 52.7%) and dry cough (156/317,49.2%). An “atypical” presentation including at least one among mental confusion, diarrhea or nausea and vomiting was observed in 53/317 patients (16.7%). Hypokalemia occurred in 25.8% (78/302) and 18.5% (56/303) had acute kidney injury. During hospitalization, 111/317 patients (35.0%) received non-invasive respiratory support, 65/317 (20.5%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 60/317 (18.5%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. All cause in-hospital mortality, assessed in 275 patients, was 43.6% (120/275). On multivariable analysis, age (per-year increase odds ratio [OR]:1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.10, p

Published
2020

254. Prevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Italian Adults and Associated Risk Factors

Author

Laura Magnasco, Paolo Pelosi, Andrea Adessi, Renato Colognato, Marco Varelli, Chiara Robba, Michele Brignole, Matteo Bassetti, Denise Battaglini, Nicoletta Vendola, Alessio Signori, Marco Berruti, Luisa Bracci-Laudiero, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Lorenzo Ball, Lucia Taramasso, Antonio Vena, Pietro Blumetti, Iole Brunetti, and Germano Gaggioli

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viruses, lcsh:Medicine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, antibodies, serological test, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Immunoglobulin G, Article, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Seroprevalence, Medical history, 030212 general & internal medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, Generalized estimating equation, biology, business.industry, fungi, lcsh:R, virus diseases, General Medicine, Confidence interval, body regions, biology.protein, Antibody, business
Abstract

We aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with anti- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity in a large population of adult volunteers from five administrative departments of the Liguria and Lombardia regions. A total of 3609 individuals were included in this analysis. Participants were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies [Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) class antibodies] at three private laboratories (Istituto Diganostico Varelli, Medical Center, and Casa della Salute di Genova). Demographic data, occupational or private exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, and prior medical history consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected according to a preplanned analysis. The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and/or IgM) was 11.0% [398/3609; confidence interval (CI) 10.0%–12.1%]. Seroprevalence was higher in female inmates than in male inmates (12.5% vs. 9.2%, respectively, p = 0.002), with the highest rate observed among adults aged >55 years (13.2%). A generalized estimating equations model showed that the main risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence were the following: an occupational exposure to the virus [Odd ratio (OR) = 2.36; 95% CI 1.59–3.50, p = 0.001], being a long-term care facility resident (OR = 4.53; 95% CI 3.19–6.45, p = 0.001), and reporting previous symptoms of influenza-like illness (OR = 4.86; 95% CI 3.75–6.30, p = 0.001) or loss of sense of smell or taste (OR = 41.00; 95% CI 18.94–88.71, p = 0.001). In conclusion, we found a high prevalence (11.0%) of SARS-CoV-2 infection that is significantly associated with residing in long-term care facilities or occupational exposure to the virus. These findings warrant further investigation into SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among the Italian population.

Published
2020
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255. Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Author

Ferdinando Dodi, Marco Camera, Chiara Dentone, Silvia Dettori, Angelo Gratarola, Andrea De Maria, Chiara Russo, Antonio Ferrazin, Federico Baldi, Giorgio Da Rin, Stefania Tutino, A. Alessandrini, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Federica Portunato, Emanuela Barisione, Rachele Pincino, Sara Mora, Laura Labate, Maria Pia Sormani, Michele Mirabella, Giancarlo Icardi, Mauro Giacomini, Marco Berruti, Elisabetta Sasso, Malgorzata Mikulska, Lucia Taramasso, Paolo Pelosi, Laura Magnasco, Elisa Balletto, Emanuele Delfino, Federica Briano, Laura Ambra Nicolini, Bianca Bruzzone, Nirmala Rosseti, Antonio Di Biagio, Giovanni Mazzarello, Federica Toscanini, Antonio Vena, Alessio Signori, Chiara Sepulcri, Eva Schenone, Andrea Orsi, Matteo Bassetti, and Sabrina Beltramini

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, Pulmonology, Cancer Treatment, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Biochemistry, COVID-19, C-reactive proteins, Ferritin, Hospitals, Steroids, Cytokine therapy, Pneumonia, Oxygen, chemistry.chemical_compound, Medical Conditions, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical endpoint, 030212 general & internal medicine, Darunavir, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, Organic Compounds, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, C-Reactive Proteins, Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, Methylprednisolone, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Female, Coronavirus Infections, Research Article, Chemical Elements, Hydroxychloroquine, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Pneumonia, Viral, 030106 microbiology, Cytokine Therapy, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antimalarials, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Tocilizumab, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pandemics, Aged, Ritonavir, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Protein Complexes, Covid 19, HIV Protease Inhibitors, medicine.disease, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Health Care, chemistry, Respiratory failure, Health Care Facilities, Adjunctive treatment, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to respiratory failure due to severe immune response. Treatment targeting this immune response might be beneficial but there is limited evidence on its efficacy.The aim of this study was to determine if early treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with tocilizumab and/or steroids was associated with better outcome.MethodsThis observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. SOC consisted of hydroxychloroquine 400mg bid plus, in those admitted before March 24th, also darunavir/ritonavir. Anti-inflammatory treatment consisted of either tocilizumab (8mg/kg intravenously or 162mg subcutaneously) or methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg for 5 days or both. Failure was defined as intubation or death, and the endpoints were failure-free survival (primary endpoint) and overall survival (secondary) at day 30. Difference between the groups was estimated as Hazard Ratio by a propensity score weighted Cox regression analysis (HROW).ResultsOverall, 196 adults were included in the analyses. They were mainly male (67.4%), with comorbidities (78.1%) and severe COVID-19 pneumonia (83.7%). Median age was 67.9 years (range, 30-100) and median PaO2/FiO2200 mmHg (IQR 133-289). Among them, 130 received early anti-inflammatory treatment with: tocilizumab (n=29, 22.3%), methylprednisolone (n=45, 34.6%), or both (n=56, 43.1%). The adjusted failure-free survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC treated patients vs. SOC was 80.8% (95%CI, 72.8-86.7) vs. 64.1% (95%CI, 51.3-74.0), HROW0.48, 95%CI, 0.23-0.99; p=0.049. The overall survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC patients vs. SOC was 85.9% (95%CI, 80.7-92.6) vs. 71.9% (95%CI, 46-73), HROW0.41, 95%CI: 0.19-0.89, p=0.025.ConclusionEarly adjunctive treatment with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone or both may improve outcomes in non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Published
2020
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256. Risk of COVID‐19 in young kidney transplant recipients. Results from a single‐center observational study

Author

Roberto Forno, Alberto Magnasco, Stefania Drovandi, Giulia Ferrando, Gaia Cipresso, Francesca Sanguineri, Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Maria Santaniello, Antonella Trivelli, Andrea Angeletti, Gino Tripodi, Leonardo V. Riella, and Paolo Cravedi

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Adolescent, Pneumonia, Viral, Single Center, Kidney transplant, Cohort Studies, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Child, Pandemics, Kidney transplantation, Transplantation, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Italy, Child, Preschool, Observational study, Female, business, Coronavirus Infections, Cohort study
Published
2020
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257. Innovative therapies for acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by methicillin-resistant

Author

Matteo, Bassetti, Filippo, Del Puente, Laura, Magnasco, and Daniele Roberto, Giacobbe

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic, Drug Development, Animals, Humans, Skin Diseases, Bacterial, Staphylococcal Infections, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

Methicillin-resistantIn this review, we focus on those novel anti-MRSA agents currently in phase I or II of clinical development that may enrich the armamentarium against ABSSSI caused by MRSA in the future.Promising agents belonging to either old or novel antibiotic classes are currently in early phases of clinical development and may become available in the future for the effective treatment of ABSSSI caused by MRSA. In particular, the future availability of agents belonging to novel classes will be important for guaranteeing an effective treatment and for allowing outpatient treatment/early discharge, with a consequent reduced impact on healthcare resources. However, this does not mean that we can relax our efforts directed toward improving the responsible use of already available agents. Indeed, preserving their activity in the long term is crucial for optimizing the use of healthcare resources.

Published
2020

258. The Antillean manatee produces broadband vocalizations with ultrasonic frequencies

Author

Edmund R. Gerstein, Eric A. Ramos, Beth Brady, Marcelo O. Magnasco, Kristi A. Collom, Diana Reiss, and Maria Maust-Mohl

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, biology, biology.organism_classification, Seagrass, Oceanography, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), biology.animal, Manatee, Broadband, Ultrasonic sensor, Spectral analysis, Channel (broadcasting), Antillean manatee, Geology
Abstract

Antillean manatees produce vocalizations reported to be important for communication, but their vocal behavior throughout their geographic range is poorly understood. A SoundTrap recorder (sample rates: 288/576 kHz) was deployed in Belize to record vocalizations of wild manatees in a seagrass channel and of a young rehabilitated and released manatee in a shallow lagoon. Spectral analysis revealed broadband vocalizations with frequencies up to 150 kHz and a high proportion of calls with ultrasonic components. Ultrasonic frequency components appear prevalent in their vocal repertoire and may be important to manatee communication.

Published
2020

259. Learning to localize sounds in a highly reverberant environment: Machine-learning tracking of dolphin whistle-like sounds in a pool

Author

Diana Reiss, Sean F. Woodward, and Marcelo O. Magnasco

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Echoes, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Machine Learning, Mammals, Numerical Analysis, Multidisciplinary, Hydrophone, Physics, Applied Mathematics, Simulation and Modeling, Eukaryota, Plants, Random forest, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, symbols, Medicine, Algorithms, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, Bioacoustics, Dolphins, Science, Marine Biology, Feature selection, Research and Analysis Methods, Machine learning, 010603 evolutionary biology, Machine Learning Algorithms, symbols.namesake, Artificial Intelligence, Animals, Marine Mammals, Gaussian process, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Acoustics, Linear discriminant analysis, Interpolation, Support vector machine, Amniotes, Earth Sciences, Artificial intelligence, Vocalization, Animal, business, computer, Mathematics
Abstract

Tracking the origin of propagating wave signals in an environment with complex reflective surfaces is, in its full generality, a nearly intractable problem which has engendered multiple domain-specific literatures. We posit that, if the environment and sensor geometries are fixed, machine learning algorithms can "learn" the acoustical geometry of the environment and accurately track signal origin. In this paper, we propose the first machine-learning-based approach to identifying the source locations of semi-stationary, tonal, dolphin-whistle-like sounds in a highly reverberant space, specifically a half-cylindrical dolphin pool. Our algorithm works by supplying a learning network with an overabundance of location "clues", which are then selected under supervised training for their ability to discriminate source location in this particular environment. More specifically, we deliver estimated time-difference-of-arrivals (TDOA's) and normalized cross-correlation values computed from pairs of hydrophone signals to a random forest model for high-feature-volume classification and feature selection, and subsequently deliver the selected features into linear discriminant analysis, linear and quadratic Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gaussian process models. Based on data from 14 sound source locations and 16 hydrophones, our classification models yielded perfect accuracy at predicting novel sound source locations. Our regression models yielded better accuracy than the established Steered-Response Power (SRP) method when all training data were used, and comparable accuracy along the pool surface when deprived of training data at testing sites; our methods additionally boast improved computation time and the potential for superior localization accuracy in all dimensions with more training data. Because of the generality of our method we argue it may be useful in a much wider variety of contexts.

Published
2020

260. Transformaciones regulatorias y reconfiguración de los problemas públicos

Author

La Serna, Carlos, Coppini, Gustavo, Compagnucci, Lourdes, Dufour, Ivonne Alejandra Inés, Romero, Julio, Gómez Pucheta, Dario, Magnasco, Miguel, Mulatero Bruno, Daniela, Vélez, Luis Angel, Giménez Venezia, Nicolás, Moreira Slepoy, Javier, coord., and Santiago, Elida Graciela, Coord.

Subjects
Derecho, Convenios Urbanísticos, Ecopolítica, Democratización, Neoliberalización, Gubernamentalidad
Abstract

Estado y Neoliberalización en la Argentina contemporánea: Transformaciones regulatorias y reconfiguración de los problemas públicos es producto del trabajo compartido por un equipo constituido por docentes, egresadxs y estudiantes de posgrado del Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública (IIFAP) de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Nos propusimos analizar las transformaciones, disrupciones y continuidades en las estrategias de regulación estatal y en la configuración de los problemas públicos en áreas tales como: (i) justicia y seguridad ciudadana, (ii) educación, (iii) cuestión urbana y derecho a la ciudad, (iv) inclusión y políticas sociales y (v) modernización del Estado, en Argentina en el período 1990 – 2018. Nuestra producción fue fruto de un Proyecto SECyT 2018-2020 y, en general, todas nuestras producciones se vieron tentadas a extenderse temporalmente, alentadas, por una parte, por el cambio de signo político del Gobierno Nacional y Municipal en 2019 y, fundamentalmente, por los desafíos impuestos al mundo en general y a la Argentina en particular por la pandemia COVID/19 que impactaron en el 2020. Así, cuando ya estábamos en disposición de publicar nuestros avances, sobre el Estado como objeto de nuestro estudio, comienza a cobrar un lugar de privilegio para hacer frente a la crisis producto de la pandemia. Crisis que visibilizó los enormes desequilibrios de sociedades altamente desiguales como las nuestras. Fil: La Serna, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Coppini, Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Compagnucci, Lourdes. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Dufour, Ivonne Alejandra Inés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Romero, Julio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Gómez Pucheta, Darío. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Magnasco, Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Mulatero Bruno, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Vélez, Luis Angel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Giménez Venezia, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Moreira Slepoy, Javier. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina. Fil: Santiago, Elida Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. IIFAP. Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Administración Pública; Argentina.

Published
2020

261. Viremia copy-years and risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction in adults living with perinatal HIV infection

Author

Antonio Di Biagio, Michele Mirabella, Mauro Giacomini, Francesca Bovis, Anna Celotti, Lucia Taramasso, Sara Mora, Matteo Bassetti, Giovanni Sarteschi, Laura Magnasco, and Emanuele Focà

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Infectious Disease Transmission, Integrase inhibitor, HIV Infections, Perinatal hiv, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Chronic Kidney Disease, Medicine and Health Sciences, Vertical, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Viral, Renal Insufficiency, Young adult, Chronic, Multidisciplinary, Protease Inhibitor Therapy, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Vaccination and Immunization, AIDS, Nephrology, Cohort, Medicine, RNA, Viral, Infectious diseases, Female, Anatomy, Research Article, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Medical conditions, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Science, Immunology, Renal function, Antiretroviral Therapy, Viremia, Viral diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Antiviral Therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, Renal Diseases, Adults, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Aged, business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, HIV, Renal System, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Reverse transcriptase, Young Adults, Age Groups, People and Places, RNA, Population Groupings, Preventive Medicine, business, Kidney disease
Abstract

Among people with perinatal HIV infection (PHIV), non-communicable diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, are increasing. Both HIV replication and antiretroviral therapy are recognised causes of renal impairment. Objective of the study is to describe the impact of viremia copy-years (VCY) and antiretroviral therapy on trend of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a cohort of adults with perinatal HIV infection. We conducted a multicentre observational study in sixty adults living with PHIV across a 9-year period, from January 2010 to December 2018. The mean values of eGFR were analysed at the first (T0) and last year of observation (T1). VCY was defined as the area under HIV-RNA curve during the study period. We analysed data according to antiretroviral therapy: tenofovir disoproxil (TDF), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), boosted protease inhibitors (PI/b), integrase inhibitors (INI). We observed a mean overall eGFR reduction from 126.6 mL/min (95%CI: 119.6-133.5) to 105.0 mL/min (95%CI: 99.55-110.6) (p2 log10. Our study outlines a progressive eGFR reduction in young adults with PHIV, related to the lower control on HIV-RNA VCY and related to aging.

Published
2020

262. Clinical predictive model of multidrug resistance in neutropenic cancer patients with bloodstream infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Author

Herrera, F., Cuervo, Guillermo, Carratalà, J., Novo, A., Manzur, A., Tilley, R., Yáñez, L., Del Pozo, J.L., Peghin, M., Araos, R., Hemmatti, P., Gomes, M.Z.R., Marin, J.I., Márquez-Gómez, I., Calik, S., Sipahi, O.R., Kanj, S.S., Montero, M., Maestro-De La Calle, G., Morales, I., Kern, W.V., Isler, B., García, E., Brunel, A.-S., Paz Morales, H., Drgona, L., Gasch, O., Tubau, Fe, Escrihuela-Vidal, Francesc, Martín-Dávila, P., Aguado, José María, Horcajada, Juan Pablo, Mikulska, M., Tebé, Cristian, Arias, Marisol Rodríguez, Aguilar-Company, Juan, Larrosa, Nieves, Cardozo, Celia, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Karim-Yaqub, Ibrahim, Greco, Raffaella, Montejo, M., AKOVA, MURAT, Oltolini, C., Abdala, E., Puerta-Alcalde, P., Ruiz-Camps, I., Mussetti, A., Pallarès, N., Laporte-Amargós, J., Albasanz-Puig, A., Gudiol, C., Cichero, Paola, Ayaz, Caglayan Merve, Céspedes, Roberto, López-Soria, Leire, Magnasco, Laura, Fortún, Jesús, Torres, Diego, Boté, Anna, Espasa, Mateu, Montaguti, Mia Hold, Bochud, Pierre-Yves, Manuel, Oriol, Carrasco, Salvador Tabares, López, Josefina Serrano, Bertz, Hartmut, Rieg, Siegbert, De Cueto, Marina, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Lizasoain, Manuel, Sangro Del Alcázar, Paloma, Castaldo, Nadia, Bassetti, Matteo, Munita, Jose, Maschmeyer, Georg, Tonhá, João Pedro Silva, Aparecida Da Silva Machado, Amanda, Correa, Lina Clemencia, Palop, Begoña, Nazli-Zeka, Arzu, Uyan-Onal, Ayse, Jabbour, Jean-Francois, El Zein, Saeed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa, European Commission, Promex Stiftung Fur Die Forschung, Gilead Sciences, MSD, Astellas Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
Male, Carbapenem, Bacteremia, predictive model, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Neoplasms, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Cancer, 0303 health sciences, Middle Aged, Antibiotic coverage, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Female, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Neutropenia, Antibiotic sensitivity, bloodstream infection, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Tazobactam, Models, Biological, Epidemiology and Surveillance, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, cancer, Humans, Pseudomonas Infections, multidrug resistant, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteremia, bloodstream infection, neutropenia, cancer, risk factors, predictive model, Retrospective Studies, Pharmacology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, multidrug resistant, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Multidrug resistant, Risk factors, ROC Curve, Predictive model, Bloodstream infections, business, Bloodstream infection, Piperacillin
Abstract

We aimed to assess the rate and predictive factors of bloodstream infection (BSI) due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic cancer patients. We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study including oncohematological neutropenic patients with BSI due to P. aeruginosa conducted across 34 centers in 12 countries from January 2006 to May 2018. A mixed logistic regression model was used to estimate a model to predict the multidrug resistance of the causative pathogens. of a total of 1,217 episodes of BSI due to P. aeruginosa, 309 episodes (25.4%) were caused by MDR strains. the rate of multidrug resistance increased significantly over the study period (P = 0.033). Predictors of MDR P. aeruginosa BSI were prior therapy with piperacillin-tazobactam (odds ratio [OR), 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29 to 5.30), prior antipseudomonal carbapenem use (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.65 to 3.87), fluoroquinolone prophylaxis (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.92 to 4.64), underlying hematological disease (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.26 to 3.44), and the presence of a urinary catheter (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.65 to 3.91), whereas older age (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99) was found to be protective. Our prediction model achieves good discrimination and calibration, thereby identifying neutropenic patients at higher risk of BSI due to MDR P. aeruginosa. the application of this model using a web-based calculator may be a simple strategy to identify high-risk patients who may benefit from the early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage against MDR strains according to the local susceptibility patterns, thus avoiding the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients at a low risk of resistance development., ESGBIES study group; ESGICH study group; Spanish Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013-2016; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD16/0016/0001]; European Development Regional Fund A Way To Achieve Europe, Operative Program Intelligent Growth 2014-2020; Promex Stiftung fur die Forschung (Carigest SA); GileadGilead Sciences; PfizerPfizer, We thank the ESGBIES and the ESGICH study groups for supporting the study.; This study was supported by the Spanish Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013-2016 and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (grant REIPI RD16/0016/0001), cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund A Way To Achieve Europe, Operative Program Intelligent Growth 2014-2020.; A.-S.B. received a grant from Promex Stiftung fur die Forschung (via Carigest SA) and funding from Gilead to attend the ECCMID Congress (2018). O.R.S. received speaker honoraria from MSD, Astellas, Novartis, and Pfizer. S.S.K. received speaker honoraria from Pfizer, MSD, Astellas. F.H. received speaker honoraria from MSD, and Pfizer and a research and educational grant from Pfizer. the rest of the authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Published
2020

263. Plasma DNA Profile Associated with DNASE1L3 Gene Mutations: Clinical Observations, Relationships to Nuclease Substrate Preference, and In Vivo Correction

Author

Vanja Sisirak, Lai-Shan Tam, Yueyang Wang, Wenlei Peng, Rossa W.K. Chiu, Lee Serpas, Alberto Magnasco, Pik Ki Lau, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Wing-Shan Lee, Elisa Buti, Rebecca W.Y. Chan, Meng Ni, Diana S.C. Han, Priscilla Wong, Peiyong Jiang, Boris Reizis, Nora AlMutairi, Lydia Ho-Pui Tam, Ali Rashidfarrokhi, Alice S.H. Cheng, Patty P.P. Tse, Linda T. Hiraki, Stefano Volpi, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Meyer, 50139 Firenze, Immunology from Concept and Experiments to Translation (ImmunoConcept), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Sabah Hospital, Jaber Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah Hospital

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, Gene mutation, Transgenic, Substrate Specificity, Transduction (genetics), chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, systemic lupus erythematosus, Transduction, Genetic, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, cfDNA, Genetics (clinical), biology, Chemistry, Dependovirus, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, DNA fragmentation, Genetic Vectors, Mice, Transgenic, autoimmune disease, DNA Fragmentation, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Transduction, Genetic, Genetics, medicine, Extracellular, biomarkers, circulating DNA, liquid biopsy, Animals, Case-Control Studies, DNA, Disease Models, Animal, Endodeoxyribonucleases, Genetic Therapy, Humans, Mutation, Gene, Nuclease, Lupus Erythematosus, Animal, Systemic, Molecular biology, 030104 developmental biology, Disease Models, biology.protein
Abstract

International audience; Plasma DNA fragmentomics is an emerging area in cell-free DNA diagnostics and research. In murine models, it has been shown that the extracellular DNase, DNASE1L3, plays a role in the fragmentation of plasma DNA. In humans, DNASE1L3 deficiency causes familial monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus with childhood onset and anti-dsDNA reactivity. In this study, we found that human patients with DNASE1L3 disease-associated gene variations showed aberrations in size and a reduction of a ''CC'' end motif of plasma DNA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DNA from DNASE1L3-digested cell nuclei showed a median length of 153 bp with CC motif frequencies resembling plasma DNA from healthy individuals. Adeno-associated virus-based transduction of Dnase1l3 into Dnase1l3-deficient mice restored the end motif profiles to those seen in the plasma DNA of wild-type mice. Our findings demonstrate that DNASE1L3 is an important player in the fragmentation of plasma DNA, which appears to act in a cell-extrinsic manner to regulate plasma DNA size and motif frequency.

Published
2020
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264. Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Author

Francesca Crea, Antonio Di Biagio, Lorenzo Ball, Antonio Vena, Chiara Dentone, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Anna Marchese, Iole Brunetti, Andrea Orsi, Alessio Signori, Giulia Codda, Denise Battaglini, Giancarlo Icardi, Lucia Taramasso, Nicolò Patroniti, Malgorzata Mikulska, Laura Magnasco, Bianca Bruzzone, Andrea De Maria, Paolo Pelosi, Matteo Bassetti, and Chiara Robba

Subjects
Male, Enterococcus faecium, Clinical Biochemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, coronavirus, Bacteremia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, BSI, Biochemistry, SARS‐CoV‐2, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, law, Enterococcus faecalis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cross Infection, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Hazard ratio, steroid, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Enterobacter aerogenes, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, Original Papers, Intensive care unit, Intensive Care Units, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Italy, Methylprednisolone, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Female, Coronavirus Infections, medicine.drug, Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Illness, Pneumonia, Viral, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Pneumococcal Infections, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, tocilizumab, Tocilizumab, COVID‐19, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pseudomonas Infections, Pandemics, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Original Paper, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, SARS-CoV-2, Candidemia, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, bacterial infections and mycoses, Confidence interval, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, chemistry, business, human activities
Abstract

Background Little is known about the incidence and risk of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and methods This retrospective, single-centre study was conducted in Northern Italy. The primary study objectives were as follows: (a) to assess the incidence rate of ICU-acquired BSI and (b) to assess the cumulative risk of developing ICU-acquired BSI. Results Overall, 78 critically ill patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. Forty-five episodes of ICU-acquired BSI were registered in 31 patients, with an incidence rate of 47 episodes (95% confidence interval [CI] 35-63) per 1000 patient-days at risk. The estimated cumulative risk of developing at least one BSI episode was of almost 25% after 15 days at risk and possibly surpassing 50% after 30 days at risk. In multivariable analysis, anti-inflammatory treatment was independently associated with the development of BSI (cause-specific hazard ratio [csHR] 1.07 with 95% CI 0.38-3.04 for tocilizumab, csHR 3.95 with 95% CI 1.20-13.03 for methylprednisolone and csHR 10.69 with 95% CI 2.71-42.17 for methylprednisolone plus tocilizumab, with no anti-inflammatory treatment as the reference group; overall P for the dummy variable = 0.003). Conclusions The incidence rate of BSI was high, and the cumulative risk of developing BSI increased with ICU stay. Further study will clarify if the increased risk of BSI we detected in COVID-19 patients treated with anti-inflammatory drugs is outweighed by the benefits of reducing any possible pro-inflammatory dysregulation induced by SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2020

265. Clinical characteristics, management and in-hospital mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Genoa, Italy

Author

Antonio Vena, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Antonio Di Biagio, Malgorzata Mikulska, Lucia Taramasso, Andrea De Maria, Lorenzo Ball, Iole Brunetti, Maurizio Loconte, Nicolò A. Patroniti, Chiara Robba, Emanuele Delfino, Chiara Dentone, Laura Magnasco, Laura Nicolini, Federica Toscanini, Martina Bavastro, Matteo Cerchiaro, Emanuela Barisione, Mauro Giacomini, Sara Mora, Federico Baldi, Elisa Balletto, Marco Berruti, Federica Briano, Chiara Sepulcri, Silvia Dettori, Laura Labate, Michele Mirabella, Federica Portunato, Rachele Pincino, Chiara Russo, Stefania Tutino, Paolo Pelosi, Matteo Bassetti, Anna Alessandrini, Marco Camera, Ferdinando Dodi, Antonio Ferrazin, Giovanni Mazzarello, Daniele R. Giacobbe, Eva Schenone, Nirmala Rosseti, Chiara russo, Giovanni Sarteschi, Chiara sepulcri, Roberto Pontremoli, Valentina Beccati, Salvatore Casciaro, Massimo Casu, Francesco Gavaudan, Maria Ghinatti, Elisa Gualco, Giovanna Leoncini, Paola pitto, Kassem salam, Angelo Gratarola, Mattia Bixio, Annalisa Amelia, Andrea Balestra, Paola Ballarino, Nicholas Bardi, Roberto Boccafogli, Francesca Caserza, Elisa Calzolari, Marta Castelli, Elisabetta Cenni, Paolo Cortese, Giuseppe Cuttone, Sara Feltrin, Stefano Giovinazzo, Patrizia Giuntini, Letizia Natale, Davide Orsi, Matteo Pastorino, Tommaso Perazzo, Fabio Pescetelli, Federico Schenone, Maria G. Serra, Marco Sottano, Roberto Tallone, Massimo Amelotti, Marie J. Majabò, Massimo Merlini, Federica Perazzo, Nidal Ahamd, Paolo Barbera, Marta Bovio, Paola Campodonico, Andrea Collidà, Ombretta Cutuli, Agnese Lomeo, Francesca Fezza, Nicola Gentilucci, Nadia Hussein, Emanuele Malvezzi, Laura Massobrio, Giula Motta, Laura Pastorino, Nicoletta Pollicardo, Stefano Sartini, Paola Vacca, Valentina Virga, Italo Porto, Giampaolo Bezante, Roberta Della Bona, Giovanni La Malfa, Alberto Valbusa, Vered G. Ad, Michele Bellotti, Aloe’ Teresita, Alessandro Blanco, Marco Grosso, Maria Grazia Piroddi, Paolo Moscatelli, Matteo Caiti, Ottavia Magnani, Samir Sukkar, Ludovica Cogorno, Raffaella Gradaschi, Erica Guiddo, Eleonora Martino, Livia Pisciotta, Bruno Cavagliere, Rossi Cristina, Farina Francesca, Giacomo Garibotto, Pasquale Esposito, Carmen Bellezza, Emirjona Harusha, Francesca Rossi, Eleonora Arboscello, Laura Arzani, Laura De Mattei, Marzia Spadaro, Giovanni Passalacqua, Diego Bagnasco, Fulvio Braido, Annamaria Riccio, Elena Tagliabue, Claudio Gustavino, Antonella Ferraiolo, Fiammetta Monacelli, Mona Mahmoud, Luca Tagliafico, Armando Napolitano, Maria Fiorio, Monica Pizzonia, Chiara Giannotti, Alessio Nencioni, Salvatore Giuffrida, Nicola Rosso, Alessandra Morando, Riccardo Papalia, Donata Passerini, Gabriella Tiberio, Giovanni Orengo, Alberto Battaglini, Silvano Ruffoni, and Sergio Caglieris

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, ARDS, medicine.medical_treatment, Disease, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, COVID-19 Testing, law, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, 80 and over, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, Viral, Cause of death, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Coronavirus disease 2019, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Intensive care unit, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Vomiting, Female, medicine.symptom, Coronavirus Infections, Interleukin-6, Mortality, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Humans, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Nausea, 030106 microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Mechanical ventilation, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, business
Abstract

Objectives To describe clinical characteristics, management and outcome of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); and to evaluate risk factors for all-cause in-hospital mortality. Methods This retrospective study from a University tertiary care hospital in northern Italy, included hospitalized adult patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between 25 February 2020 and 25 March 2020. Results Overall, 317 individuals were enrolled. Their median age was 71 years and 67.2% were male (213/317). The most common underlying diseases were hypertension (149/317; 47.0%), cardiovascular disease (63/317; 19.9%) and diabetes (49/317; 15.5%). Common symptoms at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis included fever (285/317; 89.9%), shortness of breath (167/317; 52.7%) and dry cough (156/317; 49.2%). An ‘atypical' presentation including at least one among mental confusion, diarrhoea or nausea and vomiting was observed in 53/317 patients (16.7%). Hypokalaemia occurred in 25.8% (78/302) and 18.5% (56/303) had acute kidney injury. During hospitalization, 111/317 patients (35.0%) received non-invasive respiratory support, 65/317 (20.5%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 60/317 (18.5%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. All-cause in-hospital mortality, assessed in 275 patients, was 43.6% (120/275). On multivariable analysis, age (per-year increase OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04–1.10; p Conclusions COVID-19 mainly affected elderly patients with predisposing conditions and caused severe illness, frequently requiring non-invasive respiratory support or ICU admission. Despite supportive care, COVID-19 remains associated with a substantial risk of all-cause in-hospital mortality.

Published
2020

266. From Planning to Projects: Collaborating on Street Conversions in Charlotte.

Author

Magnasco, Matt, Benton, Paul, Bryant, Keith, Harrison, David, and Hines, Keith

Subjects
CHARLOTTE (N.C.)
Abstract

The article focuses on the street conversions in Charlotte, North Carolina to improve walking and biking access and accommodate rapid growth. Topics include the densification and redevelopment of automobile-focused streets, the planning process involving public engagement and demonstrations, and the implementation of street conversions with separated bike lanes on The Plaza and Parkwood Avenue.

Published
2023

267. Self-regulated dynamical criticality in human ECoG

Author

Guillermo eSolovey, Kai J Miller, Jeffrey eOjemann, Marcelo O Magnasco, and Guillermo A Cecchi

Subjects
electrocorticography, Criticality, neuroscience methods, motor movement, dynamical criticality, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Mounting experimental and theoretical results indicate that neural systems are poised near a critical state. In human subjects, however, most evidence comes from functional MRI studies, an indirect measurement of neuronal activity with poor temporal resolution. Electrocorticography (ECoG) provides a unique window into human brain activity: each electrode records, with high temporal resolution, the activity resulting from the sum of the local field potentials of sim 10^5 neurons. We show that the human brain ECoG recordings display features of self-regulated dynamical criticality: dynamical modes of activation drift around the critical stability threshold, moving in and out of the unstable region and equilibrating the global dynamical state at a very fast time scale. Moreover, the analysis also reveals differences between the resting state and a motor task, associated with increased stability of a fraction of the dynamical modes.

Published
2012
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268. Quantifying loopy network architectures.

Author

Eleni Katifori and Marcelo O Magnasco

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Biology presents many examples of planar distribution and structural networks having dense sets of closed loops. An archetype of this form of network organization is the vasculature of dicotyledonous leaves, which showcases a hierarchically-nested architecture containing closed loops at many different levels. Although a number of approaches have been proposed to measure aspects of the structure of such networks, a robust metric to quantify their hierarchical organization is still lacking. We present an algorithmic framework, the hierarchical loop decomposition, that allows mapping loopy networks to binary trees, preserving in the connectivity of the trees the architecture of the original graph. We apply this framework to investigate computer generated graphs, such as artificial models and optimal distribution networks, as well as natural graphs extracted from digitized images of dicotyledonous leaves and vasculature of rat cerebral neocortex. We calculate various metrics based on the asymmetry, the cumulative size distribution and the Strahler bifurcation ratios of the corresponding trees and discuss the relationship of these quantities to the architectural organization of the original graphs. This algorithmic framework decouples the geometric information (exact location of edges and nodes) from the metric topology (connectivity and edge weight) and it ultimately allows us to perform a quantitative statistical comparison between predictions of theoretical models and naturally occurring loopy graphs.

Published
2012
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269. Input-dependent wave attenuation in a critically-balanced model of cortex.

Author

Xiao-Hu Yan and Marcelo O Magnasco

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

A number of studies have suggested that many properties of brain activity can be understood in terms of critical systems. However it is still not known how the long-range susceptibilities characteristic of criticality arise in the living brain from its local connectivity structures. Here we prove that a dynamically critically-poised model of cortex acquires an infinitely-long ranged susceptibility in the absence of input. When an input is presented, the susceptibility attenuates exponentially as a function of distance, with an increasing spatial attenuation constant (i.e., decreasing range) the larger the input. This is in direct agreement with recent results that show that waves of local field potential activity evoked by single spikes in primary visual cortex of cat and macaque attenuate with a characteristic length that also increases with decreasing contrast of the visual stimulus. A susceptibility that changes spatial range with input strength can be thought to implement an input-dependent spatial integration: when the input is large, no additional evidence is needed in addition to the local input; when the input is weak, evidence needs to be integrated over a larger spatial domain to achieve a decision. Such input-strength-dependent strategies have been demonstrated in visual processing. Our results suggest that input-strength dependent spatial integration may be a natural feature of a critically-balanced cortical network.

Published
2012
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270. Fast, automated implementation of temporally precise blind deconvolution of multiphasic excitatory postsynaptic currents.

Author

Daniel Andor-Ardó, Erica C Keen, A J Hudspeth, and Marcelo O Magnasco

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Records of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) are often complex, with overlapping signals that display a large range of amplitudes. Statistical analysis of the kinetics and amplitudes of such complex EPSCs is nonetheless essential to the understanding of transmitter release. We therefore developed a maximum-likelihood blind deconvolution algorithm to detect exocytotic events in complex EPSC records. The algorithm is capable of characterizing the kinetics of the prototypical EPSC as well as delineating individual release events at higher temporal resolution than other extant methods. The approach also accommodates data with low signal-to-noise ratios and those with substantial overlaps between events. We demonstrated the algorithm's efficacy on paired whole-cell electrode recordings and synthetic data of high complexity. Using the algorithm to align EPSCs, we characterized their kinetics in a parameter-free way. Combining this approach with maximum-entropy deconvolution, we were able to identify independent release events in complex records at a temporal resolution of less than 250 µs. We determined that the increase in total postsynaptic current associated with depolarization of the presynaptic cell stems primarily from an increase in the rate of EPSCs rather than an increase in their amplitude. Finally, we found that fluctuations owing to postsynaptic receptor kinetics and experimental noise, as well as the model dependence of the deconvolution process, explain our inability to observe quantized peaks in histograms of EPSC amplitudes from physiological recordings.

Published
2012
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271. Author Correction: Single-trial classification of awareness state during anesthesia by measuring critical dynamics of global brain activity

Author

Leandro M. Alonso, Toru Yanagawa, Guillermo A. Cecchi, Guillermo Solovey, Marcelo O. Magnasco, and Alex Proekt

Subjects
Male, Consciousness, Brain activity and meditation, Computer science, Video Recording, lcsh:Medicine, Unconsciousness, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Monitoring, Intraoperative, Animals, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Anesthesia, Wakefulness, lcsh:Science, Author Correction, Propofol, Neurons, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Brain, Neural Inhibition, Haplorhini, Awareness, Electrodes, Implanted, Dynamics (music), Cortical Excitability, lcsh:Q, Ketamine, Artificial intelligence, State (computer science), Electrocorticography, Single trial, business, computer
Abstract

In daily life, in the operating room and in the laboratory, the operational way to assess wakefulness and consciousness is through responsiveness. A number of studies suggest that the awake, conscious state is not the default behavior of an assembly of neurons, but rather a very special state of activity that has to be actively maintained and curated to support its functional properties. Thus responsiveness is a feature that requires active maintenance, such as a homeostatic mechanism to balance excitation and inhibition. In this work we developed a method for monitoring such maintenance processes, focusing on a specific signature of their behavior derived from the theory of dynamical systems: stability analysis of dynamical modes. When such mechanisms are at work, their modes of activity are at marginal stability, neither damped (stable) nor exponentially growing (unstable) but rather hovering in between. We have previously shown that, conversely, under induction of anesthesia those modes become more stable and thus less responsive, then reversed upon emergence to wakefulness. We take advantage of this effect to build a single-trial classifier which detects whether a subject is awake or unconscious achieving high performance. We show that our approach can be developed into a means for intra-operative monitoring of the depth of anesthesia, an application of fundamental importance to modern clinical practice.

Published
2019

293. Auditory perception of self-similarity in water sounds.

Author

Maria Neimark Geffen, Judit eGervain, Janet F Werker, and Marcelo O Magnasco

Subjects
Perception, Psychophysics, auditory, coherence, receptive field, scale-invariance, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Many natural signals, including environmental sounds, exhibit scale-invariant statistics: their structure is repeated at multiple scales. Such scale invariance has been identified separately across spectral and temporal correlations of natural sounds (Clarke and Voss, 1975; Attias and Schreiner, 1997; Escabi et al., 2003; Singh and Theunissen, 2003). Yet the role of scale-invariance across overall spectro-temporal structure of the sound has not been explored directly in auditory perception. Here, we identify that the sound wave of a recording of running water is a self-similar fractal, exhibiting scale-invariance not only within spectral channels, but also across the full spectral bandwidth. The auditory perception of the water sound did not change with its scale. We tested the role of scale-invariance in perception by using an artificial sound, which could be rendered scale-invariant. We generated a random chirp stimulus: an auditory signal controlled by two parameters, Q, controlling the relative, and r, controlling the absolute, temporal structure of the sound. Imposing scale-invariant statistics on the artificial sound was required for its perception as natural and water-like. Further, Q had to be restricted to a specific range for the sound to be perceived as natural. To detect self-similarity in the water sound, and identify Q, the auditory system needs to process the temporal dynamics of the waveform across spectral bands in terms of the number of cycles, rather than absolute timing. We propose a two-stage neural model implementing this computation. This computation may be carried out by circuits of neurons in the auditory cortex. The set of auditory stimuli developed in this study are particularly suitable for measurements of response properties of neurons in the auditory pathway, allowing for quantification of the effects of varying the statistics of the spectro-temporal statistical structure of the stimulus.

Published
2011
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294. Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of a Nosocomial Cluster of C. auris: Evidence of Recent Emergence in Italy and Ease of Transmission during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Di Pilato, Vincenzo, primary, Codda, Giulia, additional, Ball, Lorenzo, additional, Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, additional, Willison, Edward, additional, Mikulska, Malgorzata, additional, Magnasco, Laura, additional, Crea, Francesca, additional, Vena, Antonio, additional, Pelosi, Paolo, additional, Bassetti, Matteo, additional, and Marchese, Anna, additional

Published
2021
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295. Incidence and Prognosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Study

Author

Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, primary, Battaglini, Denise, additional, Enrile, Elisa Martina, additional, Dentone, Chiara, additional, Vena, Antonio, additional, Robba, Chiara, additional, Ball, Lorenzo, additional, Bartoletti, Michele, additional, Coloretti, Irene, additional, Di Bella, Stefano, additional, Di Biagio, Antonio, additional, Brunetti, Iole, additional, Mikulska, Malgorzata, additional, Carannante, Novella, additional, De Maria, Andrea, additional, Magnasco, Laura, additional, Maraolo, Alberto Enrico, additional, Mirabella, Michele, additional, Montrucchio, Giorgia, additional, Patroniti, Nicolò, additional, Taramasso, Lucia, additional, Tiseo, Giusy, additional, Fornaro, Giacomo, additional, Fraganza, Fiorentino, additional, Monastra, Luca, additional, Roman-Pognuz, Erik, additional, Paluzzano, Giacomo, additional, Fiorentino, Giuseppe, additional, Corcione, Antonio, additional, Bussini, Linda, additional, Pascale, Renato, additional, Corcione, Silvia, additional, Tonetti, Tommaso, additional, Rinaldi, Matteo, additional, Falcone, Marco, additional, Biagioni, Emanuela, additional, Ranieri, Vito Marco, additional, Giannella, Maddalena, additional, De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe, additional, Girardis, Massimo, additional, Menichetti, Francesco, additional, Viale, Pierluigi, additional, Pelosi, Paolo, additional, and Bassetti, Matteo, additional

Published
2021
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296. Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negatives and Candida auris during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Critically Ill Patients: One Step Back in Antimicrobial Stewardship?

Author

Magnasco, Laura, primary, Mikulska, Malgorzata, additional, Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, additional, Taramasso, Lucia, additional, Vena, Antonio, additional, Dentone, Chiara, additional, Dettori, Silvia, additional, Tutino, Stefania, additional, Labate, Laura, additional, Di Pilato, Vincenzo, additional, Crea, Francesca, additional, Coppo, Erika, additional, Codda, Giulia, additional, Robba, Chiara, additional, Ball, Lorenzo, additional, Patroniti, Nicolo’, additional, Marchese, Anna, additional, Pelosi, Paolo, additional, and Bassetti, Matteo, additional

Published
2021
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297. Enterococcal bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a case series

Author

Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, primary, Labate, Laura, additional, Tutino, Stefania, additional, Baldi, Federico, additional, Russo, Chiara, additional, Robba, Chiara, additional, Ball, Lorenzo, additional, Dettori, Silvia, additional, Marchese, Anna, additional, Dentone, Chiara, additional, Magnasco, Laura, additional, Crea, Francesca, additional, Willison, Edward, additional, Briano, Federica, additional, Battaglini, Denise, additional, Patroniti, Nicolò, additional, Brunetti, Iole, additional, Pelosi, Paolo, additional, and Bassetti, Matteo, additional

Published
2021
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298. Interactions between hair cells shape spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in a model of the tokay gecko's cochlea.

Author

Michael Gelfand, Oreste Piro, Marcelo O Magnasco, and A J Hudspeth

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The hearing of tetrapods including humans is enhanced by an active process that amplifies the mechanical inputs associated with sound, sharpens frequency selectivity, and compresses the range of responsiveness. The most striking manifestation of the active process is spontaneous otoacoustic emission, the unprovoked emergence of sound from an ear. Hair cells, the sensory receptors of the inner ear, are known to provide the energy for such emissions; it is unclear, though, how ensembles of such cells collude to power observable emissions.We have measured and modeled spontaneous otoacoustic emissions from the ear of the tokay gecko, a convenient experimental subject that produces robust emissions. Using a van der Pol formulation to represent each cluster of hair cells within a tonotopic array, we have examined the factors that influence the cooperative interaction between oscillators.A model that includes viscous interactions between adjacent hair cells fails to produce emissions similar to those observed experimentally. In contrast, elastic coupling yields realistic results, especially if the oscillators near the ends of the array are weakened so as to minimize boundary effects. Introducing stochastic irregularity in the strength of oscillators stabilizes peaks in the spectrum of modeled emissions, further increasing the similarity to the responses of actual ears. Finally, and again in agreement with experimental findings, the inclusion of a pure-tone external stimulus repels the spectral peaks of spontaneous emissions. Our results suggest that elastic coupling between oscillators of slightly differing strength explains several properties of the spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the gecko.

Published
2010
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299. Enhancement of transport selectivity through nano-channels by non-specific competition.

Author

Anton Zilman, Stefano Di Talia, Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman, Brian T Chait, Michael P Rout, and Marcelo O Magnasco

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The functioning of living cells requires efficient and selective transport of materials into and out of the cell, and between different cellular compartments. Much of this transport occurs through nano-scale channels that do not require large scale molecular re-arrangements (such as transition from a 'closed' to an 'open' state) and do not require a direct input of metabolic energy during transport. Nevertheless, these 'always open' channels are highly selective and pass only their cognate molecules, while efficiently excluding all others; indeed, these channels can efficiently transport specific molecules even in the presence of a vast excess of non-specific molecules. Such biological transporters have inspired the creation of artificial nano-channels. These channels can be used as nano-molecular sorters, and can also serve as testbeds for examining modes of biological transport. In this paper, we propose a simple kinetic mechanism that explains how the selectivity of such 'always open' channels can be based on the exclusion of non-specific molecules by specific ones, due to the competition for limited space inside the channel. The predictions of the theory account for the behavior of the nuclear pore complex and of artificial nanopores that mimic its function. This theory provides the basis for future work aimed at understanding the selectivity of various biological transport phenomena.

Published
2010
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300. The Clear Creek mine, San Benito County, California: a unique mercury locality

Author

Dunning, Gail E., Hadley, Ted A., Magnasco, John, Christy, Andrew G., and Cooper, Jr., Joseph F.

Subjects
Minerals -- Research -- Discovery and exploration, Earth sciences, Discovery and exploration, Research
Abstract

From the first discovery in 1959 until the present, the abandoned Clear Creek mine has yielded an exceptional suite of rare and unusual mercury-bearing minerals unequaled in the world. Among [...]

Published
2005

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