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Simple Summary: This study introduces a deep learning model designed to predict the 5-year recurrence risk of lung adenocarcinoma based on histopathology images. Using a dataset of 189 patients with 455 histopathology slides, our model demonstrated superior performance in risk stratification, achieving a hazard ratio of 2.29 (95% CI: 1.69–3.09, p < 0.005). This outperforms several existing deep learning methods, showcasing the potential of deep learning in automatically predicting lung adenocarcinoma recurrence risk. The superior performance of this model underscores the potential for deep learning models to be integrated into clinical workflows for more accurate and automated risk assessment in lung adenocarcinoma. This could lead to more personalized treatment strategies and better patient outcomes. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common subtypes of lung cancer that can be treated with resection. While resection can be curative, there is a significant risk of recurrence, which necessitates close monitoring and additional treatment planning. Traditionally, microscopic evaluation of tumor grading in resected specimens is a standard pathologic practice that informs subsequent therapy and patient management. However, this approach is labor-intensive and subject to inter-observer variability. To address the challenge of accurately predicting recurrence, we propose a deep learning-based model to predict the 5-year recurrence of LUAD in patients following surgical resection. In our model, we introduce an innovative dual-attention architecture that significantly enhances computational efficiency. Our model demonstrates excellent performance in recurrent risk stratification, achieving a hazard ratio of 2.29 (95% CI: 1.69–3.09, p < 0.005), which outperforms several existing deep learning methods. This study contributes to ongoing efforts to use deep learning models for automatically learning histologic patterns from whole slide images (WSIs) and predicting LUAD recurrence risk, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of treatment decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the magnetoelectric coupling effect in dual‐phase multiferroic composites prepared using a solid‐state reaction method. The composites were fabricated with the formula (1−x)Ba₀.₇₇Ca₀.₂₃TiO₃(BCT) + xNi₀.₆Zn₀.₂₅La₀.₁₅Fe₂O₄(NZLFO), where x varied from 0% to 100% in 10% increments. Ca‐doped BaTiO₃ served as the ferroelectric phase, while La‐doped Ni–Zn ferrite acted as the ferromagnetic phase. The effects of varying ferrite content (x) on structural, optical, ferroelectric, electrical, and magnetoelectric properties were comprehensively analyzed. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement revealed a spinel cubic structure for the ferrite phases and a tetragonal structure for the perovskite phases. The study observed a moderate influence of ferrite concentration on the lattice parameters of BCT and an opposing effect on the lattice parameters of NZLFO. Optical measurements indicated higher light absorption in the visible range compared to the UV region and wide optical bandgap. Magnetic properties, characterized by saturation magnetization, exhibited a dependence on temperature, with a Curie temperature (Tc) of 700 K. Electrical resistivity displayed a maximum at x = 50% and remained constant at high frequencies. The study also confirmed the presence of electric polarization induced by a magnetic field, with the highest magnetoelectric coefficient observed at x = 10%. These findings demonstrate the successful fabrication of dual‐phase multiferroic composites with tunable properties through controlled ferrite content. The observed magnetoelectric coupling suggests potential applications in multifunctional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly those comprised of organic–inorganic lead halides, resulting in a remarkable record efficiency of 25.20%. However, the persistent issue of lead toxicity poses a considerable barrier to their widespread commercial adoption. To address this challenge, this study focuses on the optimization of lead-free germanium-based halide PSCs using SCAPS-1D simulation software. In our investigation, CsGeI3 serves as the absorber layer, TiO2 functions as the electron transport layer (ETL), Cu2O is utilized as the hole transport layer (HTL), and various metals are employed as the back metal contact (BMC). The optimization of the BMC leads to the establishment of the FTO/TiO2/CsGeI3/Cu2O/Ni structure. Subsequent optimization steps include fine-tuning the thickness of the absorber, ETL, and HTL layers, as well as optimizing acceptor doping and defect density in the absorber and HTL layers. Sequentially, donor doping and defect density in the ETL are investigated. Interfacial defect densities, along with the impact of temperature, series resistance, and shunt resistance on the photovoltaic performance, are also considered. Upon completion of these optimization procedures, the final device exhibits notable performance characteristics, including an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.165 V, fill factor (FF) of 88.52%, short-circuit current density (JSC) of 24.40 mA/cm2, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.16%. Furthermore, the optimized structure without Cu2O HTL demonstrates impressive performance, yielding a PCE of 25.15%. The outcomes presented in this study hold promise for the development of advanced lead-free PSCs, paving the way for high conversion efficiencies in future solar energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to alleviate the existing global energy and environmental difficulties related to the usage of fossil fuels, there is requirement of improved energy alternatives such as limitless solar energy. The creation of low-cost photovoltaic devices and their design are of significant interest which represent the pinnacle of effective solar energy harvesting. PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cell has a promising ability for ultra-thin solar cell applications. In the present work, the device architecture indium tin oxide/SnO2/PbS–TBAI/MoO3/Au has been used in which MoO3 (molybdenum trioxide) is employed as HTL (hole transport layer) with 3.0 eV bandgap and SnO2 (tin (IV) oxide) as ETL (electron transport layer) with 3.5 eV bandgap and PbS–TBAI (tetrabutylammonium iodide) is used as an absorber layer with 1.2 eV bandgap. Further, 1D solar cell capacitance simulation program tool (SCAPS-1D) is used to obtain energy band diagram, quantum energy and current density curve. The achieved value of power conversion efficiency is 30.16%, Voc (open-circuit voltage) is 0.9025 V, Jsc (short-circuit current density) is 38.746 mA/cm2 and fill factor is 86.14%. For further optimization, the impact of temperature, thickness of active layer and work function on the PV parameters has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical studies on freestanding structures typically leverage the Distinct Element Method where the response is dictated by joints; however, the response carries significant uncertainty due to joint stiffness parameters. This study aims to quantify the influence of joint stiffness parameters on the global response of freestanding structures subjected to seismic excitation in a probabilistic formulation. By using a range of joint stiffness values with rectangular rigid blocks of different aspect ratios, the impact of joint stiffness parameters is evaluated against a large suite of historical ground motions. Results indicate that increasing contact stiffness results in increased stability against overturning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inbuilt high energy band gap and resistivity cause harm to the intrinsic molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) for utilizing it directly in gas sensing and optoelectronic devices. Doping with transition metal ions can be an optimistic solution to these problems. By doping four side of modification of a material is possible. At first, doping can curtail the width of the energy band of semiconductor materials, thereby largely boosting the photo-sensitivity of the material and intensifying the light consumption that is more suitable for anti-laser devices and light source substances. The second is that doping can widen the material's band gap, which can significantly reduce the purities of the substance, improve absorbance, and make it suitable for strong interference semiconductor films and aperture materials. Third, changing the material's charge carrier density and effective mass can significantly improve conductivity. This is mostly relevant for conductive devices and photosensitive materials. Finally, changing the material's valance electron location influences the magnetic moment created by the spin of elementary particles in the entire system, allowing the magnetic characteristics of the substance to be regulated, which is especially useful for diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) materials. The investigation report of the structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of Cobalt (Co)-doped orthorhombic-phase MoO3 utilizing plane-wave pseudo-potential technique based on first-principles computation is presented in this paper. The computation has been executed using density a functional theory (DFT)-based CASTEP computer program with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) together with the Perdue-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange–correlation function. Acquired structural parameters present good consistency with the former reported experimental data. The resultant electronic band structure reveals that pure MoO3 shows an indirect energy band gap of 1.873 eV/2.312 eV whereas Co doping causes band narrowing of about 0.94 eV/1.36 eV with PBE/HSE techniques. The total and partial density of states (PDOS) have been studied comparatively, for pure and Co-doped MoO3, respectively. The absorption coefficient, loss function, reflectivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric function, along with optical conductivity have also been determined to analyze the optical properties of Co-doped MoO3. Co-doped MoO3 offers higher conductivity while decreasing resistivity, compared to the undoped case. The present study ensures that Co-doped α- MoO3 can be competently employed as a functional material in gas sensing and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have received substantial research as manufacturing innovation and prospective photocatalysts for the degradation of organic contaminants due to large surface area, strong anionic exchange capacity, and tunable composition. In this study, we modified Mg/Al-LDHs with Ni and Cr to further enhance their performance in removing Methyl Orange (MO) an anionic dye widely used in textiles, cosmetics, and healthcare products. The modified Mg/Al-LDHs were synthesized using hydrothermal co-precipitation method and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The breakdown rate of MO under solar light was used for evaluating the material's photocatalytic activity. The outcomes demonstrated that the Ni/Mg/Al/Cr (LDH-4) photocatalysts degraded MO more quickly than the undoped substance. The addition of Cr to the Ni/Mg/Al matrix caused the band gap to develop new energy levels, which increased the material's photocatalytic activity. The Ni/Mg/Al doped with Cr has demonstrated tremendous potential as a photocatalysts for the MO degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical parameters are necessary to determine the suitability of the chalcogenide materials for specific applications. The present study reports the physical characteristics of the multicomponent GeTe2-x(SeSb)x (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) chalcogenide glasses synthesised by the melt-quench technique. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) technique has been used at separate heating rates β = 5, 10, 15, 20 °C / min. XRD and SEM–EDX studies have been carried out for structural and morphological analyses. The average coordination number and constraints of the compound have been calculated which indicates that the composition forms a glassy system. Lone pair electrons present in the composition have been evaluated. R parameter has a value greater than 1, indicating that the composition has sufficient chalcogen, chalcogen–chalcogen and heteropolar bonds. The overall bond energy of the compound has been calculated using the chemical bonding approach to understand the fine-structure properties of the compound. Cohesive energy has been observed to increase with composition. Thermal stability, glass transition temperature and glass forming ability of the compound have been calculated using different relations like Saad and Poulin relation, Dieztal relation, Hurby parameter (Hr) and reduced glass transition temperature (Trg) and studied theoretically to examine the thermal stability of the composition that shows that the prepared samples are suitable for data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]