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Experimental results on aperiodic broadband transmission molybdenum/silicon multilayer phase retarders for the extreme ultraviolet range are presented. The broadband phase retarders were designed using a numerical method and made using direct current magnetron sputtering on silicon nitride membrane. The polarization properties of these aperiodic transmission phase retarders have been investigated using the soft x-ray polarimeter at BESSY-II. The measured phase shift was about 42° in the wavelength range of 13.8–15.5 nm, and the corresponding s-component transmission (Ts) decreased from 6% to 2% with increasing wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional metallodielectric heterostructural photonic band gap (PBG) material is designed to reach high transmittance band in short wavelength, broad and deep forbidden band in long wavelength, especially sharp cutoff edge between the transmission and forbidden bands. The designed PBG material is applied to modify the emission spectrum of a BaF2 scintillator and is proved to be adequate to suppress the slow component of the scintillation light. The suppression ratio of the slow to the fast component reaches 28 dB with a tolerable attenuation of the fast component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmission studies for multiple heterostructures inserted with defects are presented. The results show that the enlargement of the forbidden band and the realization of multiple channeled filtering can be reached simultaneously with these configurations. The frequency, frequency interval, and number of channels can be tuned by adjusting geometric and physical parameters of the defects. Sidebands of the forbidden band can be substantially restricted as compared with that of periodic structures. Experimental fabrication of the designed configurations is carried out with the heterostructures containing TiO[sub 2]/SiO[sub 2] multilayer defects, and the results agree with the calculation very well. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride ([BMIM]Cl) was chosen to prepare the concentrated solutions of Polyacrylonitrile(PAN). The rheological behaviors of the solutions were measured with rotational rheometryunder different conditions, including temperatures, concentration, and molecular weight ofPAN. The solutions exhibited shear-thinning behaviors, similar to that of PAN/DMFsolutions. The viscosities decreased with the increasing of shear rates. However, theviscosity decreased sharply at high shear rates when the concentration was up to 16wt%. Thedependence of the viscosity on temperature was analyzed through the determination of theapparent activation energy. Unusually, the viscosity of solutions of higher concentration islower than that of lower concentration. Similarly, the viscosity of low molecular weightPAN was higher than high molecular weight PAN at high shear rates. The dynamicrheological measurement indicates the loss modulus is much higher than storage modulus.The trend of complex viscosity is similar with the result of static rheological measurement.The interaction between PAN and ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl was discussed.

With the continuous development of ablation technology, ablation has become a new treatment option for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Numerous clinical studies have been carried out recently to confirm the viability, safety, and long-term effectiveness of different ablation procedures in the treatment of PTMC. In order to give the most up-to-date information and treatment choices for PTMC, this article examines current ablation therapy options for PTMC and their effectiveness.