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Forty-three new species of Nesticidae are described from China, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and Madagascar, and two new junior synonyms are suggested. A new genus, Speleoticus gen. n., is described with Nesticus navicellatus Liu & Li, 2013 as the type species, and four species are transferfed from Nesticus, i.e., Speleoticus globosus (Liu & Li, 2013), comb. n., S. libo (Chen & Zhu, 2005), comb. n., S. navicellatus (Liu & Li, 2015), comb. n. and S. uenoi (Yaginuma, 1972), comb. n. The new species described in this paper belong to four genera and are: Hamus cornutus sp. n. (♂♀), H. kangdingensis sp. n. (♂), H. luzon sp. n. (♀), H. mangunensis sp. n. (♂), Nescina kohi sp. n. (♂♀), Nesticella baiseensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. baobab sp. n. (♂), N. caeca sp. n. (♂♀), N. chongqing sp. n. (♀), N. dazhuangensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. fuliangensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. gazuida sp. n. (♀), N. gongshanensis sp. n. (♀), N. griswoldi sp. n. (♂♀), N. hongheensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. huomachongensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. jingpo sp. n. (♀), N. kaohsiungensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. lisu sp. n. (♂♀), N. liuzhaiensis sp. n. (♀), N. nandanensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. phami sp. n. (♂♀), N. potala sp. n. (♀), N. qiaoqiensis sp. n. (♀), N. qiongensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. robusta sp. n. (♂♀), N. rongtangensis sp. n. (♂), N. sanchaheensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. sulawesi sp. n. (♀), N. sumatrana sp. n. (♂), N. tibetana sp. n. (♂♀), N. vanlang sp. n. (♀), N. wanzaiensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. xiongmao sp. n. (♂♀), N. xixia sp. n. (♂♀), N. yanbeiensis sp. n. (♂♀), N. yao sp. n. (♀), N. zhiyuani sp. n. (♂♀), Pseudonesticus dafangensis sp. n. (♂♀), P. miao sp. n. (♂♀), P. spinosus sp. n. (♂♀), P. wumengensis sp. n. (♀), P. ziyunensis sp. n. (♂♀). Nesticella inthanoni (Lehtinen & Saaristo, 1980), syn. n. is synonymised with N. mollicula(Thorell, 1898); N. taiwan Tso & Yoshida, 2000, syn. n. is synonymised with N. odonta (Chen, 1984). The female of Nesticella connectens Wunderlich, 1995, so far unknown, is described and recorded from Thailand. Nesticidae are reported from Madagascar for the first time. Nesticella nepalensis (Hubert, 1973) is recorded for the first time from China. Types of Nesticella odonta (Chen, 1984), N. songi Chen & Zhu, 2004 and N. yui Wunderlich & Song, 1995 are re-examined and photographed. The entire genus Nesticella is reviewed, and four species groups are recognised. DNA barcodes of the new species are obtained to confirm their correct identifications.

Calodipoena Gertsch & Davis, 1936 Calodipoena Gertsch & Davis 1936: 8. Type species by original designation C. incredula Gertsch & Davis, 1936: 8. Composition. Calodipoena caribbaea (Gertsch, 1960), C. colima (Gertsch, 1960), C. conica (Simon, 1895), C. cornigera Lin & Li, 2008, C. dumoga Baret, 1988, C. incredula Gertsch & Davis, 1936, C. mooatae Baert, 1988, C. stathamae (Gertsch, 1960), C. tarautensis Baert, 1988 and C. tamdaoensis n. sp. A final note about C. biangulata Lin & Li, 2008 is that it should be misplaced in here and its potential placement of this species within the family will be discussed elsewhere. Distribution. USA, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Trinidad, Bahama Is., Algeria, Sulawesi, Northern Vietnam and Southwestern China. Comments. The genus was previously described in 1936 as monotypic (Gertsch & Davis 1936). The type species, Calodipoena incredula, was known only from the type locality in Cameron County, Texas (USA). Subsequently, the type species was transferred to Mysmena Simon, 1894 by Levi (1956) receiving also Gertsch���s recognition (Gertsch 1960). Brignoli (1980) proposed to split the genus Mysmena and to revalidate Calodipoena Gertsch & Davis, 1936. In addition to the type species, Brignoli (1980) included in Calodipoena four species transferred from Mysmena (C. caribbaea, C. colima, C. conica and C. stathamae) as new combinations. Baert (1988) described three species from Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Two Chinese species were also reported from tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province (Lin & Li 2008)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2014, Mysmenidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from Vietnam, pp. 169-194 in Zootaxa 3826 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/252392, {"references":["Gertsch, W. J. & Davis, L. I. (1936) New spiders from Texas. American Museum Novitates, 881, 1 - 21.","Lin, Y. & Li, S. (2008) Mysmenid spiders of China (Araneae: Mysmenidae). Annales Zoologici, 58 (3), 487 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345408 x 364337","Baert, L. (1988) The Ochyroceratidae and Mysmenidae from Sulawesi (Araneae). Indo-Malayan Zoology, 5, 9 - 22."]}

Gaoligonga taeniata new species Figs 8 ���14, 20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS), VIETNAM: Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong National Park (20 �� 21.216 ���N, 105 �� 37.025 ���E; Alt.: 436 m), natural forest, by sieving leaf litter, 8 October 2007, D.S. Pham leg. Paratypes: 1 male and 5 females, same data as holotype (IZCAS); 1 male and 13 females (IZCAS), Cuc Phuong National Park (20 �� 21.440 ���N, 105 �� 34.210 ���E; Alt.: 409 m), by sieving leaf litter, 5 July 2007; 1 male and 3 females (IZCAS), Cuc Phuong National Park (20 �� 19.582 ���N, 105 �� 37.375 ���E; Alt.: 295 m), by sieving leaf litter, 17 August 2007; 14 females (IZCAS), Cuc Phuong National Park (20 �� 20.228 ���N, 105 �� 36.227 ���E; Alt.: 386 m), by sieving leaf litter, 3 March 2008, D.S. Pham leg. Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the Latin adjective ��� taeniatus ��� (taenioid), in reference to the ribbon-like embolus. Diagnosis. Males of this new species can be distinguished from Gaoligonga changya (Miller, Griswold & Yin 2009: 48, figs 38 A���E, 39 A���B, 40 A���F, 41 A���B, 43 A���B) and G. zhusun (Miller, Griswold & Yin 2009: 50, figs 43 D���E, 44 A���E, 45 A���B, 46 A���D, 47 D) by the ���S���-shaped cymbium with a serrate distal process (i.e. cymbial process) (Figs 9 A���B, 10 D, 13 D), the strong, spiral embolus with a tortuous end (Figs 10 C, 13 A, 13 C) and the presence of 3 distal-prolateral spines on the tibia III (Fig. 8 B). Females are distinguished by the large, long central knob-shaped scape (Figs 11 A, 14 A), the clubbed spermathecae (Figs 11 B, 14 B) and the broad, complicated copulatory ducts (Figs 11 B, 14 B). Description. Male (holotype). Somatic characters see Fig 8 A���C. Coloration: Prosoma dark medially, yellow laterally. Sternum yellow medially, grey laterally. Opisthosoma pale yellow, with irregular grey darkish speckles dorsally and ventrally. Measurements: Total length 0.86. Prosoma 0.33 long, 0.34 wide, 0.40 high. Opisthosoma 0.45 long, 0.41 wide, 0.52 high. Clypeus 0.17 high. Sternum 0.22 long, 0.21 wide. Length of legs [total length (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus)]: I 1.22 (0.39, 0.16, 0.27, 0.20, 0.20); II 1.00 (0.32, 0.13, 0.22, 0.16, 0.17); III 0.71 (0.21, 0.11, 0.13, 0.13, 0.13); IV 0.90 (0.29, 0.12, 0.18, 0.16, 0.15). Prosoma: Carapace nearly rounded. Cephalic region elevated, with vertical clypeus. Ocular area black. Eight eyes in two rows. AME black, others white. ALE and PLE contiguous. AER procurved, PER straight. Chelicerae brown, small, shorter than endites, a cluster of long setae on frontal surface (Fig. 8 C), fang furrow with 4 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. Endites with tiny serrula. Sternum heart-shaped, slightly plump. Legs: Femora pale yellow, other segments yellow proximally, grey distally. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg I with a submesal metatarsal clasping macroseta prolaterally. Patellae I���IV with stiff dorsal seta distally. Tibiae I���IV with a stiff dorsal seta proximally, and 3 prolateral long spines on tibia III distally (Fig. 8 B). Tibiae I���III with 3 trichobothria, tibia IV with 4 trichobothria. Metatarsi I���IV with a single trichobothrium. Opisthosoma: Globular dorsally. Spinnerets dark, anteriors larger than posteriors. Colulus small, tongue-shaped, black. Pedipalp (Figs 9 ���10, 12��� 13): Large, strongly sclerotized. Femur narrow proximally and wide distally, 1.5 x longer than patella (Fig. 9 A, B). Patella short, with a few setae. Tibia swollen, bowl-shaped, attached with long setae on distal brim prolaterally (Figs 10 D, 13 D). Cymbium membranous, narrow, nearly ���S���-shaped (Fig. 13 D), attached with long setae mesally, with a semilunar paracymbium, a sclerotized cymbial process basally and a serrate process distally (Figs 10 D, 13 D). Tegulum smooth, sclerotized (Figs 10 A, 10 C, 13 A, 13 C). Spermatic duct visible through subtegulum (Figs 10 B, 13 B). Embolus wide, band-shaped, long (Fig. 10 A, C), coiling into two loops around tegulum (Fig. 13 C) and extended to basal cymbium (Figs 10 A, 13 A), embolic end tortuous downward (Figs 10 C, 13 C). Female (paratype). Somatic characters as in Fig. 8 D���F. Coloration: Prosoma dark medially, brown yellow laterally. Sternum yellow medially, grey laterally. Opisthosoma with yellow round spots, with irregular grey darkish pattern. Measurements: Total length 0.88. Prosoma 0.36 long, 0.36 wide, 0.36 high. Opisthosoma as in male, 0.63 long, 0.58 wide, 0.65 high. Clypeus 0.06 high, distinctly lower than in male. Sternum 0.25 long, 0.24 wide. Length of legs [total length (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus)]: I 1.21 (0.38, 0.16, 0.25, 0.21, 0.21); II 1.05 (0.32, 0.15, 0.22, 0.18, 0.18); III 0.78 (0.23, 0.13, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15); IV 0.94 (0.29, 0.13, 0.19, 0.17, 0.16). Prosoma: Carapace pyriform. Cephalic part flat. Ocular area black. Eight eyes in two rows, with black bases. AME black, other eyes white. ALE and PLE contiguous. AER procurved, PER recurved. Chelicerae, endites and sternum as in male. Legs: Color, number of trichobothria and setae same as in male, except, tibia III without distal long setae prolaterally. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Sclerotized femoral spots absent. Opisthosoma: Globular dorsally. Spinnerets grey, anteriors larger than posteriors. Colulus small, dark. Epigynum (Figs 11, 14): Large, strongly sclerotized, with a broad, rugose and saccate epigynal plate (Figs 11 A, 14 A). A translucent, rugose scape originates from the medial epigynum, with sparse long setae (Figs 11 A, 14 A). Distal end of the scape not beyond the posterior margin of epigynal plate (Fig. 14 A). Spermathecae short club-shaped, distinctly sclerotized, separated by about their length (Figs 11 B, 14 B). Fertilization ducts short, thin and curved proximally, extending from the interior corner of spermathecae (Fig. 14 B). Copulatory ducts swollen, saclike, weakly sclerotized, surrounding the whole spermathecae and the fertilization ducts (Figs. 11 B, 14 B). Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2014, Mysmenidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from Vietnam, pp. 169-194 in Zootaxa 3826 (1) on pages 178-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/252392, {"references":["Miller, J., Griswold, C. & Yin, C. M (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys, 11, 9 - 195. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 11.160"]}

Gaoligonga Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 Gaoligonga Miller, Griswold & Yin 2009: 47. Type species by original designation G. changya Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009: 48. Composition. Gaoligonga changya Miller et al., 2009, G. zhusun Miller et al., 2009 and G. taeniata n. sp. Distribution. China (Yunnan Pro.), Vietnam (Ninh Binh Pro.). Comments. The genus Gaoligonga was erected to accommodate two species from China (Miller et al. 2009). The type species was known from the Gaoligongshan Mountains, Yunnan Province. These spiders mainly live in leaf litter of the primary forest. The genus is distinguished by a cymbium that almost completely envelops the palpal bulb, and has a basal, a median and a distal process, and by the presence of strong setae near the base of each chelicerae in male (Fig. 8 A, C). In addition, the genus is characterized by the absence of femoral spots and a posterior abdominal tubercle. The epigynum has a raised, ridged, central knob (Figs 11 A, 14 A)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2014, Mysmenidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from Vietnam, pp. 169-194 in Zootaxa 3826 (1) on pages 177-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/252392, {"references":["Miller, J., Griswold, C. & Yin, C. M (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys, 11, 9 - 195. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 11.160"]}

Calodipoena tamdaoensis new species Figs 1 –7, 20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS), VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc, Tam Dao National Park (21 ° 31.567 ′N, 105 ° 33.151 ′E; Alt.: 1011 m), natural forest, by sieving leaf litter, 16 May 2007, D.S. Pham leg. Paratypes: 3 females, same data as holotype (IZCAS); 4 females (IZCAS), Tam Dao National Park (21 ° 29.230 ′N, 105 ° 37.203 ′E; Alt.: 870 m), by sieving leaf litter, 19 October 2007; 2 females (IZCAS), Tam Dao National Park (21 ° 31.501 ′N, 105 ° 33.434 ′E; Alt.: 1060 m), by sieving leaf litter, 16 May 2007; 2 females (IZCAS), Tam Dao National Park (21 ° 29.428 ′N, 105 ° 37.008 ′E; Alt.: 1077 m), by sieving leaf litter, 21 August 2007, D.S. Pham leg. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality; adjective. Diagnosis. Calodipoena tamdaoensis has the typical generic features of a broad cymbium (Figs 3 C, 6 C), a long, coiled embolus (Figs 2 C, 5 C), and vulva with long copulatory ducts but without bursae (Figs 4 C, 7 C). This new species is similar to Calodipoena mooatae Baert, 1988 from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Baert 1988: 18, figs 22–24) in having a strip-shaped, distal furcate embolus (Figs 3 B, 6 B), a flatten bulb (Figs 2 A–B, 3 A, 5 A–B, 6 A), and twisted spermathecae separated by at least their width (Figs 4 C, 7 C), but can be distinguished from C. mooatae and other congeners by the presence of a weakly sclerotized cymbial spot (Figs 3 C, 6 C), a strongly sclerotized distal cymbial process (Figs 3 C, 5 C, 6 C) and a wide, robust embolus (Figs 2 C, 3 B, 5 C, 6 B) in the male; and the fistshaped spermathecae (Figs 4 B, C), a broad epigynal plate (Figs 4 A–C), and the absence of a scape (Figs 7 A–C) in the female. Description. Male (holotype). Somatic characters see Fig. 1 A–C. Coloration: Prosoma dark medially, yellow laterally. Sternum yellow medially, grey laterally. Opisthosoma grey dorsally and ventrally, pale and with white stripes laterally. Measurements: Total length 0.66. Prosoma 0.29 long, 0.32 wide, 0.39 high. Opisthosoma 0.41 long, 0.45 wide, 0.50 high. Clypeus 0.16 high. Sternum 0.20 long, 0.20 wide. Length of legs [total length (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus)]: I 1.06 (0.34, 0.13, 0.21, 0.18, 0.20); II 0.92 (0.29, 0.13, 0.18, 0.14, 0.18); III 0.64 (0.18, 0.09, 0.12, 0.11, 0.14); IV 0.77 (0.23, 0.10, 0.16, 0.13, 0.15). Prosoma: Carapace round. Cephalic region elevated, with vertical clypeus. Eight eyes in two rows. AME black, others white. AER procurved, PER straight. ALE and PLE contiguous. Chelicerae small, shorter than endites, with 4 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Endites with tiny serrula. Sternum heart-shaped, plump. Legs: Each segment yellow proximally, grey distally. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg I with a submesal metatarsal clasping macroseta prolaterally. Patellae I–IV with a stiff dorsal seta distally. Tibiae I–IV with a stiff dorsal seta proximally and 3 trichobothria. Metatarsi I–IV with a single trichobothrium. Opisthosoma: Globular dorsally. Spinnerets dark, anteriors larger than posteriors. Colulus small, finger-shaped, black. Pedipalp (Figs 2, 3, 5 and 6): Large, brown, strongly sclerotized. Femur without modification. Patella short. Tibia swollen, oblique cup-shaped (Figs 3 A, 6 A), covered with long setae (Figs 3 D, 6 D). Cymbium membranous, translucent, with two cymbial process, one strongly sclerotized and serrated at inferior margin, another triangular and attached with a cluster of long setae, a weak sclerotized circular spot located near the middle of the cymbium (Figs 3 C, 6 C). Bulb flat distally. Tegulum wide, membranous, rugose. Spermatic duct visible through wrinkled tegulum (Figs 2 C, 3 B, 5 C and 6 B). Embolus long, wide, band-shaped, strongly sclerotized, coiling into a loop around tegulum (Figs 2 A–C, 5 A–C). Embolic end bifurcated, with one short, narrow branch and another long, broad branch (Figs 2 C, 3 B, 5 C and 6 B). Female (paratype). Somatic characters as in Fig. 1 D–F. Coloration: Prosoma grey. Sternum yellow medially, grey laterally. Opisthosoma grey dorsally and ventrally, with round spots laterally. Measurements: Total length 0.86. Prosoma 0.35 long, 0.32 wide, 0.32 high. Opisthosoma 0.61 long, 0.66 wide, 0.71 high. Clypeus 0.05 high. Sternum 0.23 long, 0.20 wide. Length of legs [total length (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus)]: I 1.09 (0.35, 0.14, 0.21, 0.19, 0.20); II 0.94 (0.29, 0.13, 0.18, 0.16, 0.18); III 0.70 (0.20, 0.10, 0.13, 0.13, 0.14); IV 0.87 (0.28, 0.11, 0.17, 0.15, 0.16). Prosoma: Carapace pear-shaped. Cephalic region flat. Eight eyes in two rows. Ocular pattern, the number of cheliceral teeth, the endites and the shape of sternum as in male. Legs: Color, number of trichobothria and setae same as in male. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Sclerotized femoral spots absent. Opisthosoma: Globular dorsally. Spinnerets grey, anteriors larger than posteriors. Colulus small, finger-shaped, grey. Epigynum (Figs 4, 7): Covered with short setae, with a wide, sclerotized epigynal plate at epigastric groove margin (Figs 4 A, 7 A). Internal structures are more or less visible via the translucent epigynal cuticle. Spermathecae curly, sclerotized, shape like a clenched fist, separated by about 1.2 times their diameter (Figs 4 B, 7 B). Fertilization ducts and copulatory ducts intertwined distally to form spermathecae. Copulatory ducts long, straight, arising from anterior spermathecae, extending laterally and posteriorly to form a broad epigynal plate, copulatory opening situated medially on epigynal plate posteriorly (Figs 4 C, 7 C). Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 20).

Mysmena maculosa new species Figs 15���20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS), VIETNAM: Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong National Park (20 �� 20.566 ���N, 105 �� 36.024 ���E; Alt.: 408 m), natural forest, by fogging tree canopy, 21 August 2008, G. Zheng, D.S. Pham and S. Li leg. Paratypes: 34 males and 16 females, same data as holotype (IZCAS). Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the Latin adjective ��� maculosus ��� (spotty), in reference to the modified spots on the abdomen of the both sexes. Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished from all other Mysmena species except M. wawuensis Lin & Li, 2013 by the absence of setae on cymbial fold (Figs 16 A���B, E, 18 A���B, E), the developed tegulum with a apical process (Figs 16 C���D, 18 C���D), the broad, semilunar epigynal plate (Figs 17 C, 19 C) and the spermathecae separated by at least 4 times their diameter (Figs 17 C, 19 C); and from M. wawuensis (Lin & Li 2013: 35, figs 1���7) by the long pedipalpal bulb (Figs 16 A���B, 18 A���B), the absence of a marcoseta on the pedipalpal femur (Figs 16 A���B, 18 A���B), the absence of cymbial fold, the tortuous course of the embolus (Figs 16 A���D, 18 A���D), a sclerotized cymbial spur on the central position of cymbium (Figs 16 E, 18 E vs. M. wawuensis Lin & Li, 2013: figs 3 E, 5 A, 6 E) in the male; and by the presence of a rear tubercle on the opisthosoma (Fig. 15 D���F), a long, rugose scape (Figs 17 A���C, 19 A���C), the lack of accessory bursae, the presence of a wide epigynal plate (Figs 17 C, 19 C), and the globose spermathecae (Figs 17 C, 19 C) in the female. Description. Male (holotype). Somatic characters see Fig. 15 A���C. Coloration: Prosomal cephalic part dark, thoracic region grey. Chelicerae, endites and labium grey, sternum dark. Opisthosoma black, with few pale speckles dorsally and laterally. Measurements: Total length 0.64. Prosoma 0.30 long, 0.33 wide, 0.38 high. Opisthosoma 0.39 long, 0.41 wide, 0.41 high. Clypeus 0.14 high. Sternum 0.21 long, 0.21 wide. Length of legs [total length (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus)]: I 0.96 (0.30, 0.14 0.20, 0.17, 0.15); II 0.82 (0.27, 0.13, 0.16, 0.14, 0.12); III 0.67 (0.20, 0.11, 0.11, 0.13, 0.12); IV 0.82 (0.27, 0.11, 0.16, 0.15, 0.13). Prosoma: Carapace round. Cephalic part highly elevated, with distinctly concave clypeus. Eight eyes gathering at the apex of the carapace, arranged in two rows. AME black, others white. ALE and PLE contiguous. AER more strongly procurved than PER. Chelicerae shorter than endites, with tiny marginal teeth on fang furrow. Endites with serrula. Labium short, fused to sternum. Sternum heart-shaped, surface rough. Legs: Yellow, each segment with grey rings. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg I with a clasping macroseta on proximal 1 / 3 position of metatarsus. Patellae I���IV with a stiff dorsal seta distally, tibiae I���IV with a stiff dorsal seta proximally and 3 dorsal trichobothria. Metatarsi I���IV with a single trichobothrium. Opisthosoma: Round dorsally, triangular laterally. Spinnerets black, anteriors larger than posteriors. Colulus tiny, hardly visible. Pedipalp (Figs 16, 18): Femur long, without modification. Patella short. Tibia cup-shaped, with long setae (Figs 16 A���B, 18 A���B). Cymbium membranous, nearly triangular, with a mesial finger-shaped cymbial process on prolateral margin and a subcentral sclerotized cymbial spur (Figs 16 E, 18 E), prolateral-subdistal and distal margin distinctly sclerotized (Figs 16 E, 18 E), to form a scoop-shaped structure (Figs 16 A, 18 A). Tegulum large, wide, smooth, with an apical corner (Figs 16 C���D, 18 C���D). Spermatic duct visible through wrinkled subtegulum (Figs 16 C, 18 C). Embolus long, deriving from the base of tegulum (Figs 16 D, 18 D), extending distally to near the top of tegulum and folding downward, bypassing the tegulum (Figs 16 C���D, 18 C���D) and embolic end reached to the apical scoop-shaped structure of cymbium (Figs 16 A, 18 A). Female (paratype). Somatic characters as in Fig. 15 D���F. Coloration: Prosoma yellow, with a triradial grey speckle medially. Chelicerae, endites and labium grey, sternum darkish. Opisthosoma darkish, with modified yellow spots. Measurements: Total length 1.16. Prosoma 0.43 long, 0.36 wide, 0.37 high. Opisthosoma 0.75 long, 0.64 wide, 0.64 high. Clypeus 0.08 high. Sternum 0.23 long, 0.27 wide. Length of legs [total length (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus)]: I 1.16 (0.38, 0.18, 0.23, 0.21, 0.16); II 1.02 (0.32, 0.16, 0.20, 0.20, 0.14); III 0.85 (0.28, 0.13, 0.13, 0.17, 0.14); IV 1.06 (0.36, 0.15, 0.20, 0.20, 0.15). Prosoma: Carapace pear-shaped. Cephalic region flat. Ocular area slightly protruded. Eyes pattern as in male, except, PRE straight. Chelicerae, endites and labium as in male. Sternum wide scutellate, posterior margin truncated. Legs: Coloration modification same as in male. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Femoral sclerotized spot absent. The number of setae and trichobothria on each leg as in male, but metatarsus I lacking clasping macroseta. Opisthosoma: Long ovoid dorsally, anteriorly wide and posteriorly narrow, triangular laterally. Rear extending to form a posterior tubercle. Spinnerets grey, anteriors larger than posteriors. Colulus tiny, hardly visible. Epigynum (Figs 17, 19): Cuticle rugose, with distinctly dark pigmentation and covered with sparse setae (Fig. 19 A���B). Anterior margin of epigastric groove protruded to form a broad epigynal plate (Figs 17 A, 19 A), with a rugose, translucent scape extending from posterior margin (Figs 17 A���B, 19 A���C). Internal structures difficult to distinguish from translucent epigynal cuticle (Fig. 17 A���B). Spermathecae sclerotized, globular, separated by at least 4 times their diameter (Figs 17 C, 19 C). Fertilization ducts wide, deriving from the ventral base of the spermathecae, distal end fused to the lateral margin of the epigynal plate (Figs 17 C, 19 C). Copulatory ducts distinctly sclerotized, with three corners and two branches, proximal end deriving from the dorsal base of the spermathecae, distal end hammer-shaped (Figs 17 C, 19 C). Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2014, Mysmenidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from Vietnam, pp. 169-194 in Zootaxa 3826 (1) on pages 186-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/252392

Mysmena Simon, 1895 Mysmena Simon 1894: 558. Type species by original description Theridion leucoplagiataum Simon, 1879: 258 (= M. leucoplagiata (Simon, 1879)). Composition. According to Platnick (2004), 26 described species, plus M. macylosa n. sp. described here from Vietnam. Distribution. Spain, Southern Europe to Azerbaijan, Japan, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Fiji, New Guinea, Queensland, Tasmania, Samoa, Niue, Guyana, Trinidad, Saint Helena, Canada. Comments. The genus Mysmena was erected by Simon in 1894 initially as a genus of the family Theridiidae with the type species Theridion leycoplagiatum Simon, 1879; later transferred to the Symphytognathidae by Forster (1959), and then to the family Mysmenidae by Forster and Platnick (1977). In recent years, research on species description reports of this genus mainly comes from China (Miller et al. 2009; Lin & Li 2008, 2013a, 2013 b), Japan (Ono 2010), Queensland (Lopardo & Michalik 2013) and Canada (Lopardo & Dup��rr�� 2008)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2014, Mysmenidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from Vietnam, pp. 169-194 in Zootaxa 3826 (1) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/252392, {"references":["Miller, J., Griswold, C. & Yin, C. M (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys, 11, 9 - 195. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 11.160","Lin, Y. & Li, S. (2008) Mysmenid spiders of China (Araneae: Mysmenidae). Annales Zoologici, 58 (3), 487 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345408 x 364337","Lin, Y. & Li, S. (2013 a) Two new species of the genera Mysmena and Trogloneta (Mysmenidae, Araneae) from southwestern China. ZooKeys, 303, 33 - 51. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 303.4808","Lin, Y. & Li, S. (2013 b) Five new minute orb-weaving spiders of the family Mysmenidae from China (Araneae). Zootaxa, 3670, 449 - 481. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3670.4.3","Lopardo, L. & Michalik, P. (2013) First description of a mysmenid spider species from mainland Australia and new data for Mysmena tasmaniae Hickman, 1979 (Araneae, Mysmenidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum / Nature, 58, 381 - 396.","Lopardo, L., Duperre, N. & Paquin, P. (2008) Expanding horizons ... the first report of the genus Mysmena (Araneae, Mysmenidae) from continental North America, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 1718, 36 - 44."]}

Lin, Yucheng, Li, Shuqiang (2014): Mysmenidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from Vietnam. Zootaxa 3826 (1): 169-194, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.5

Mosu dayan new species Figs 1 ���6, 26 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS), Dayan Cave (25 �� 34.263��N, 110 �� 36.594��E; altitude 355 m), Dayan Village, Hucheng Town, Xing���an County, Guangxi, China, 12 July 2009, Z.Y. Yao and C.X. Wang. Paratypes: 1 male and 3 females, same data as holotype (IZCAS). Etymology. The species epithet is a noun in apposition taken from the Dayan Cave, the locality of the collected types. Diagnosis. The female of Mosu dayan n. sp. is similar to M. huogou Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009, but can be distinguished by the presence of a rounded copulatory basal stem, the presence of dorsal plate in posterior to the spermathecae, and the wide, sclerotized copulatory atrium (Figs 3 B, 6 B). The male can be distinguished by the presence of a long tibial apophysis and a large, long cymbial process (Figs 2 A���C, 5 A���C). Description. Male: holotype (Figs 1 A���C), total length 0.84. Prosoma 0.46 long, 0.46 wide, 0.30 high. Carapace of prosoma rounded, brown. Thoracic pars smooth, cephalic pars raised. Ocular area at apex, black, covered with few setae. Eight eyes in two rows. AME black, others white. AME, ALE and PLE round, PME ovate. In dorsal view, AER slightly recurved, PER straight, AER as wide as PER; ALE and PLE contiguous. All eyes surrounded by black rings. Clypeus 0.18 high, 5.2 x AME diameter; ALE separated by about 3.2 x its diameter from anterolateral edge of carapace. Chelicerae brown, slightly shorter than endites. Labium brown, fused to sternum, endites with serrula. Sternum 0.30 long, 0.29 wide, heart-shaped, dark brown, with a light vertical stripe in midline. Legs yellow brown, each segment lightest proximally. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I 1.96 (0.63, 0.21, 0.45, 0.34, 0.34); II 1.66 (0.50, 0.20, 0.36, 0.27, 0.34); III 1.07 (0.34, 0.13, 0.20, 0.18, 0.23); IV 1.34 (0.43, 0.14, 0.29, 0.23, 0.25). Leg I with a ventral sclerotized spot on femur subdistally, a row of setae on tibia prolaterally, and a bent clasping spine on prolateral metatarsus (Fig. 4 C). Patellae I���IV with a dorsally distal seta; tibiae I���IV with a dorsal proximal seta. Tibiae I���III with 3 trichobothria; tibia IV with 4 trichobothria. Opisthosoma 0.52 long, 0.48 wide, 0.68 high, round dorsally, dark brown, with a pair of white spots on abdominal dorsum. Pedipalp large (Figs 2 A���C; 5 A���C). Femur without modification. Patella short, with a few setae. Tibia swollen, askew cup-shaped, covered with long setae, tibial brim extending to form a long retro-dorsal apophysis. Cymbium membranous, translucent, with a sclerotized long process and a cluster of long setae on cymbial fold. Subtegulum smooth, distinctly sclerotized. Tegulum membranous, rugose. Spermatic duct visible through wrinkled tegulum. Embolus long, coiling into two loops under tegulum and reaching to distal cymbium. Female: Total length 1.09 (one of paratypes) (Figs 1 D���F). Prosoma 0.52 long, 0.48 wide, 0.23 high. Coloration and shape same as in male but cephalic pars lower. Clypeus 0.11 high, distinctly lower than in male. Sternum 0.32 long, 0.30 wide. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I 2.13 (0.71, 0.21, 0.50, 0.36, 0.34); II 1.73 (0.55, 0.20, 0.39, 0.29, 0.30); III 1.23 (0.38, 0.16, 0.23, 0.21, 0.25); IV 1.55 (0.52, 0.16, 0.34, 0.27, 0.27). Femora I and II with a ventral sclerotized spot distally. Setae and trichobothria of each leg as in male except for lacking a row of tibial setae and a metatarsal clasping spine on prolateral leg I. Opisthosoma as in male, 0.71 long, 0.71 wide, 0.89 high. Epigynum rugose (Figs 3 A���B, 4 A���B, 6 A���B), covered with long setae, margin posteriorly protruded. Internally with complex dorsal plates posterior to spermathecae. Spermathecae egg-shaped, strongly sclerotized. Fertilization ducts short, deriving from inner side of spermathecae. Copulatory ducts intricate, with looped and coiled trajectory, arising from lateral spermathecae, forming a membranous sac on dorsal spermathecae, extending to ventral spermathecae. Sclerotised copulatory ducts connected with atrium, attaching to a rounded copulatory basal stem. Copulatory opening situated at posterior margin of epigynum. Variation. The total length ranges from 0.82 to 0.84 in males (n = 2) and from 1.04 to 1.11 in females (n = 3). Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 26)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Five new minute orb-weaving spiders of the family Mysmenidae from China (Araneae), pp. 449-481 in Zootaxa 3670 (4) on pages 450-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/249213, {"references":["Miller, J., Griswold, C. & Yin, C. M. (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys, 11, 9 - 195. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 11.160"]}

Mosu Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 Mosu Miller, Griswold & Yin 2009: 51. Type species by original designation M. nujiang Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009: 52., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Five new minute orb-weaving spiders of the family Mysmenidae from China (Araneae), pp. 449-481 in Zootaxa 3670 (4) on page 450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/249213, {"references":["Miller, J., Griswold, C. & Yin, C. M. (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys, 11, 9 - 195. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 11.160"]}

Mysmenella Brignoli, 1980 Mysmenella Brignoli 1980: Type species by original description Mysmena illectrix Simon, 1895: 149, and by designation Mysmenella illectrix Brignoli, 1980: 731., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Five new minute orb-weaving spiders of the family Mysmenidae from China (Araneae), pp. 449-481 in Zootaxa 3670 (4) on page 470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/249213, {"references":["Brignoli, P. M. (1980) On few Mysmenidae from the Oriental and Australian regions (Araneae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 87, 727 - 738."]}

Trogloneta Simon, 1922 Trogloneta Simon 1922: Type species by original designation T. granulum Simon, 1922., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Five new minute orb-weaving spiders of the family Mysmenidae from China (Araneae), pp. 449-481 in Zootaxa 3670 (4) on page 476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/249213

Mosu tanjia new species Figs 7 –12, 26 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS), Huyun Cave (23 ° 21.607´N, 105 °02.047´E; altitude 1464 m), Tanjiawan Village, Tiechang Town, Malipo County, Yunnan, China, 9 August 2010, Z.Y. Yao, X.X. Wang and C.Q. Wu. Paratypes: 3 males and 5 females, same data as holotype (IZCAS). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition taken from an abbreviated from of the collection locality. Diagnosis. Female Mosu tanjia n. sp. can be distinguished from M. nujiang Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 by the absence of an epigynal scape and the vaulted trajectory of sclerotized copulatory ducts above spermathecae (Figs 9 B, 12 B). Males can be distinguished from M. dayan by a short, spur-like cymbial process (Figs 8 C, 10 C, 11 C) and bowl-shaped tibia (Figs 8 A–B, 11 A–B) in male pedipalp. Description. Male: Holotype (Figs 7 A–C), total length 0.86. Prosoma 0.38 long, 0.39 wide, 0.30 high. Carapace of prosoma dark brown, rounded, with concave anterior margin (Fig. 10 A). Cephalic pars abruptly raised. Ocular area situated at apex, black. Eight eyes in two rows. AME black, others white, with black ring. From dorsal view, AER and PER slightly recurved. ALE and PLE contiguous. All eyes nearly round, subequal to in size. Clypeus 0.18 high, 3.0 x AME diameter; ALE separated by about 3.5 x its diameter from anterolateral edge of carapace. Chelicerae darkish yellow, shorter than endites in length. Labium grey, fused to sternum. Endites pale yellow, longer than wide, with serrula. Sternum 0.27 long, 0.25 wide, heart-shaped, with a pair of triangular pale spots on shoulder position and a cruciate pale stripe in midline. Legs greyish, proximally light and distally fuscous in each segment. Legs formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I 1.63 (0.52, 0.18, 0.36, 0.27, 0.30); II 1.32 (0.41, 0.16, 0.29, 0.20, 0.27); III 0.95 (0.27, 0.13, 0.18, 0.14, 0.23); IV 1.13 (0.36, 0.13, 0.23, 0.20, 0.21). Leg I with a ventral sclerotized spot on femur subdistally, and with a mesial clasping spine on metatarsus prolaterally. Each leg with a dorsal seta on patella distally, a proximal seta and 3 dorsal trichobothria on tibia. Opisthosoma 0.50 long, 0.54 wide, 0.63 high. Subround dorsally, black, with a pair of white spots on abdominal dorsum, irregular white strips circled abdominal lateral surface. Ventral abdomen less colored than dorsal. Pedipalp large, brown (Figs 8 A–C; 11 A–C). Femur, patella and tibia without modifications. Tibia wide, bowlshaped, covered with long setae along the distal margin. Cymbium translucent, wrinkled membranous, with a spurlike cymbial process. A row of orderly apical setae on cymbial fold. Bulb nearly globose. Subtegulum smooth, strongly sclerotized. Tegulum rugose, translucent. Spermatic ducts can be seen through translucent tegulum. Embolus long, coiled into two loops, and extending to apex of cymbium. Female: Total length 1.02 (one of paratypes) (Figs 7 D–F). Prososma 0.45 long, 0.43 wide, 0.25 high. Coloration and shape same as but cephalic pars lower than in male. As eyes arrangement as in male. AER recurved and PER slightly procurved. Clypeus 0.11 high, equal to 2.0 x AME diameter. ALE separated by about 2.3 x AME diameter from anterolateral verge of carapace. Chelicerae, labium and endites same as in male. Sternum 0.28 long, 0.29 wide, modified pattern like as in male. Legs formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I 1.71 (0.55, 0.20, 0.38, 0.29, 0.30); II 1.45 (0.45, 0.18, 0.32, 0.23, 0.27); III 1.07 (0.30, 0.14, 0.20, 0.18, 0.25); IV 1.38 (0.45, 0.16, 0.29, 0.23, 0.25). Subdistally Leg I and II with a ventral sclerotized femoral spot (Fig. 7 E). Setae and trichobothria on each leg as in male. Opisthosoma 0.70 long, 0.68 wide, 0.57 high. Coloration and patterns as in male. Epigynum area rugose, covered with long setae (Fig. 10 D). Epigynal scape absent. Spermathecae ovoid, sclerotized copulatory ducts connected with lateral corner of spermathecae. Fertilization ducts short, deriving from inner corner of spermathecae. Membranous copulatory ducts rugose, occupied large area around spermathecae (Figs 9 A–B, 12 A–B). Variation. The total length ranges from 0.73 to 0.86 in males (n = 4) and from 0.88 to 1.02 in females (n = 5). Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 26).

Mysmenella yinae new species. Figs 18 ���22, 26 Type material: Holotype: male (SCUM), the moss under the forest shrub in the side of Heishui River (33 �� 33.966��N, 103 �� 40.2432��E; altitude 2495 m), Dalu Town, Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan, China, 28 June 2011, Y. Lin. Paratypes: 14 males and 65 females, same data as holotype (SCUM); 6 males and 31 females, the forest shrub, at a fork in the road of Dalu Town and Zoige County (33 �� 34.2366��N, 103 �� 40.1658��E; altitude 2462 m), Dalu Town, Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan, China, 28 June 2011, Y. Lin. (SCUM). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of Prof. Changmin Yin, a well-known arachnologist from Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; noun. Diagnosis. Male is similar to Mysmenella illectrix (Simon, 1895) (see Brignoli 1980: 731, figs 5���6), M. job (Kraus 1967: 392, figs 19���20) and M. samoensis (Marples, 1955) (see Lopardo et al. 2011: 286, figs 8 a, 9 b) especially in the structure of the pedipalpi and the embolus. Female is close to M. gongi Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004 (see Lin & Li 2008: 510, figs 15 F���H) and M. ogatai Ono, 2007 in the inner structure of the epigynum. This new species is differs from other in the genus by the intricate structure of embolic distal end (Figs 19 D, 21 D���E), the presence of an apical cymbial process (Fig. 21 F) and the shape of conductor (Fig. 21 C), and by the egg-shaped spermathecae, the course of copulatory ducts and the section start of fertilization ducts (Figs 20 A���B, 22 A���B). Description. Male: Holotype (Figs 18 A���C), total length 0.93. Prosoma 0.45 long, 0.50 wide, 0.43 high. Carapace of prosoma dark grey, with black margin, subround dorsally, trapeziform laterally. Thoracic pars smooth. Cephalic pars sharply elevated, nearly flat on top and forward sharply vertical down. Ocular area black, covered with few setae along the midline of carapace. Eight eyes in two rows. AER and PER distinctly procurved, AER as wide as PER; lateral eyes contiguous. AME black, others white. All eyes with dark brown rings. Clypeus 0.29 high, equal to 5.7 x AME diameter; ALE separated by about 4.2 x its diameter from anterolateral edge of carapace. Chelicerae pale brown, as long as endites. Endites with serrula. Labium pale yellow, fused to sternum. Sternum 0.30 long, 0.27 wide, heart-shaped, flat, pale brown, with a vertical stripe in midline. Legs yellow, proximally pale and distally darkish in each segment. Legs formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I 1.49 (0.46, 0.19, 0.32, 0.23, 0.29); II 1.27 (0.39, 0.16, 0.27, 0.20, 0.25); III 0.96 (0.30, 0.13, 0.18, 0.14, 0.21); IV 1.21 (0.39, 0.14, 0.25, 0.19, 0.23). Leg I with a ventral sclerotized spot on femur subdistally, two prolateral large mating spines on tibia distally, a clasping spine near proximal 1 / 3 position of metatarsus prolaterally (Fig. 21 G). Patellae I���IV with a dorsal spine distally. Tibiae I���IV with a dorsal spine proximally and 4 trichobothria. Opisthosoma 0.57 long, 0.55 wide, 0.64 high, round dorsally, black, with 3 pair of white spots dorsally, and white stripes laterally, abdominal cuticle rugose at lateral and rear. Spinnerets grey black, the anterior part larger in size and denser color than the posteriors. Pedipalp large (Figs 19 A���E; 21 A���G). Femur without modification. Patella short. Tibia cup-shaped, covered with a row of long setae encircled the almost entire distal brim. Cymbium membranous, translucent, with a flattened paracymbium attaching to a cluster of long setae distally (Figs 21 A, F). Cymbial process small, nearly at apical margin prolaterally. Bulb embedded in translucent cymbium. Subtegulum smooth, sclerotized. Conductor wide, sclerotized, with a large fingerlike apophysis apically and a short horn-shaped apophysis basally (Figs 19 E, 21 C). Embolus long, strongly sclerotized, integrated with the apical membranous cymbium after coiling into two loops under surrounding conductor. Embolic end twisted (Figs 21 D���E). Spermatic duct long, coiled, visible through translucent subtegulum (Figs 19 D, 21 D). Female: Total length 1.07 (one of paratypes) (Figs 18 D���F). Prosoma 0.42 long, 0.39 wide, 0.20 high. Somatic characters same as in male, but cephalic pars distinctly low and flat. Ocular pattern as in male. Clypeus 0.10 high. Sternum 0.29 long, 0.27 wide. Legs formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I 1.37 (0.45, 0.16, 0.29, 0.22, 0.25); II 1.22 (0.39 + 0.15, 0.25, 0.20, 0.23); III 0.96 (0.29, 0.13, 0.18, 0.16, 0.21); IV 1.18 (0.38, 0.13, 0.25, 0.20, 0.22). Femora I and II with a ventral sclerotized spot subdistally. The chaetotary and trichobothria on each leg as in male. Opisthosoma 0.71 long, 0.66 wide, 0.79 high. Abdominal characters same as in male. Epigynum wide, cuticle rugose, covered with sparse setae, a small scape on mesial postmargin. Inter vulval structure can be indistinctly seen from translucent epigynal cuticle (Figs 20 A, 22 A). Spermathecae egg-shaped, strongly sclerotized, separated by about 2.7 x their width (Fig. 22 B). Fertilization ducts short and slender, derived from inner side of spermathecae ventrally. Copulatory ducts arisen from inner side of spermathecae dorsally, forming a quadrate copulatory plate, and then inflected to ���U���-shaped ducts. The distal copulatory ducts fused to rugose, transparent copulatory bursa (Figs 22 A���B). Variation. The total length ranges from 0.84 to 0.95 in males (n = 21) and from 0.80 to 1.29 in females (n = 96). Distribution. Known only from the type localities (Fig. 26)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Five new minute orb-weaving spiders of the family Mysmenidae from China (Araneae), pp. 449-481 in Zootaxa 3670 (4) on pages 470-476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/249213, {"references":["Brignoli, P. M. (1980) On few Mysmenidae from the Oriental and Australian regions (Araneae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 87, 727 - 738.","Kraus, O. (1967) Zur Spinnenfauna Deutschlands, II. Mysmena jobi n. sp, eine Symphytognathide in Mitteleuropa (Arachnida: Araneae: Symphytognathidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 48, 387 - 399.","Lopardo, L., Giribet, G. & Hormiga, G. (2011) Morphology to the rescue: molecular data and the signal of morphological characters in combined phylogenetic analyses - a case study from mysmenid spiders (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with comments on the evolution of web architecture. Cladistics, 27, 278 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2010.00332. x","Lin, Y. & Li, S. (2008) Mysmenid spiders of China (Araneae: Mysmenidae). Annales Zoologici, 58 (3), 487 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345408 X 364337","Ono, H. (2007) Eight new species of the families Hahniidae, Theridiidae, Linyphiidae and Anapidae (Arachida, Araneae) from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (A), 33, 153 - 173."]}

Genus Mysmena Simon, 1894 Mysmena Simon 1894: Type species by original description Theridion leucoplagiata Simon, 1879: 258, and by designation M. leucoplagiata Simon, 1894: 558., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Five new minute orb-weaving spiders of the family Mysmenidae from China (Araneae), pp. 449-481 in Zootaxa 3670 (4) on page 464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/249213

Mysmena baoxingensis new species Figs 13 –17, 26 Type material: Holotype: male (SCUM), the moss above the rocks, Caitanggou Valley (30 ° 41.5842´N, 102 ° 53.6268´E, altitude 2756 m), Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve, Fengtongzhai Town, Baoxing County, Sichuan, China, 9 May 2011, Y. Lin. Paratypes: 2 males and 98 females (SCUM), same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name comes from the type locality; adjective. Diagnosis. The new species is placed in the genus Mysmena Simon, 1894 based on the following combination of generic features: the cup-shaped male pedipalpal tibia (Figs 14 C–D), a chisel-shaped cymbial conductor (Fig. 14 D), an embolus without a switchback or process that forms about one spiral turn guided by membranous tegulum (Figs 14 E, 16 E), and male clasping spine restricted to metatartus I. The epigynum has with a rugose scape (Figs 15 A–D). The paired sclerotized spermathecae are separated by at least their width (Figs 17 A–B). Fertilization ducts derive from the posterior side of the spermathecae and curve mesally (Figs 15 D, 17 B). Moreover, Mysmena baoxingensis n. sp. described here has femoral spots on legs I and II in female (also present on leg I in male). The opisthosomal posterior tubercle is absent (Figs 13 A–F). Mysmena baoxingensis n. sp. is similar to Mysmena changouzi Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009, but can be distinguished by the chisel-shaped cymbial conductor, the course of spermatic duct and the robust embolus (Figs 14 C–E, 15 C–E), and by the short scape, the large, ovateshaped spermatheca (Figs 16 A–D, 17 A–B). Description. Male: Holotype (Figs 13 A–C), total length 0.70. Prosoma 0.38 long, 0.37 wide, 0.21 high. Carapace of prosoma round, pale marginally and dark centrally. Cephalic pars slightly raised. Eight eyes in two rows, round. Ocular area black, AME black, others white. In dorsal view, AER slightly recurved, PER straight, AER as wide as PER; AMEs, ALEs and PLEs contiguous. Clypeus 0.12 high, 3.5 x AME diameter, covered with few setae; ALE separated by about 3.0 x its diameter from anterolateral edge of carapace. Chelicerae brown, slightly shorter than endites. Labium and endites dark, labium with serrula, fused to sternum. Sternum 0.27 long, 0.26 wide, triangular, plump, with dark pigmentation. Each segments of legs pale yellow proximally and brown distally. Legs formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I 1.29 (0.41, 0.17, 0.27, 0.20, 0.25); II 1.11 (0.34, 0.15, 0.23, 0.17, 0.21); III 0.79 (0.23, 0.12, 0.14, 0.13, 0.17); IV 0.99 (0.30, 0.13, 0.21, 0.16, 0.20). Femur I with a subdistalventral sclerotized spot, a bended clasping spine at distal 1 / 3 position of metatarsus I prolaterally. Patellae I–IV with only one distal-dorsal seta. Tibiae I–IV with a proximal seta and 3 trichobothria. Metatarsi I–IV with a trichobothrium respectively. Opisthosoma 0.45 long, 0.38 wide, 0.43 high, black, dorsally round and laterally subtriangular, with paired spots dorsally and stripes laterally. Ventral abdomen darker than dorsal. Pedipalp large. Femur long, about 3.0 x as long as patella. Patella subequal to tibia in length, with a few setae. Tibia cup-shaped, narrow proximally and wide distally, covered with long setae along tibial brim distally (Figs 14 A–B). Cymbium membranous, translucent, weakly sclerotized rugae posteriorly, and with long setae prolaterally. Cymbial process absent. Cymbial conductor chisel-shaped. Pedipalpal bulb simple. Subtegulum translucent, distinctly rugose. Conductor absent. Spermatic duct thin and long, twice twists medially. Embolus long, sclerotized, attaching to membrane, embolic end curved (Figs 14 C–E, 15 A–E). Female: Total length 0.89 (one of paratypes) (Figs 13 D–F). Prosoma 0.42 long, 0.41 wide, 0.20 high. Somatic characters same as in male, but cephalic pars lower. Clypeus 0.20 high, about 2.0 x AME diameter; ALE separated by about 2.2 x its diameter from anterolateral edge of carapace. Chelicerae, endites and labium same as in male. Sternum 0.29 long, 0.27 wide, heart-shaped. Legs color and chaetotary same as in male. Legs formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I 1.38 (0.45, 0.17, 0.29, 0.21, 0.25); II 1.22 (0.39, 0.16, 0.25, 0.20, 0.22); III 0.91 (0.27, 0.13, 0.16, 0.16, 0.20); IV 1.14 (0.36, 0.14, 0.23, 0.20, 0.21). Femur I and II with a subdistal-ventral sclerotized spot respectively. Opisthosoma 0.59 long, 0.53 wide, 0.61 high, round dorsally, dark, abdominal cuticle rugose at lateral and rear, modified by dorsal paired large white spots and lateral white stripes. Epigynum rugose posteriorly, covered with long setae, with a rugose, membranous scape posterior-mesially. Scape blunt, sclerotized distally (Figs 16 A–B). Vulva simple. Spermathecae large, nephroid, strongly sclerotized, surface wrinkled, separated by approximately their width. Fertilization ducts short, derived from spermathecal base dorsally, and curved distally. Copulatory ducts simple, arising from spermathecal base ventrally, and fused to epigynal posterolateral margin (Figs 16 C–D, 17 A–B). Variation. The total length ranges from 0.67 to 0.75 in males (n = 3) and from 0.78 to 1.02 in females (n = 98). Distribution. Known only from the type localities (Fig. 26).

Family Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch, 1928 Diagnosis. Males with a metatarsal clasping spine on the metatarsus or tibia I (or both) (Platnick & Shadab 1978; Baert 1984; Griswold et al. 1998); a flat, rounded paracymbium (hook-shaped in Mysmenopsis) (Lopardo et al. 2011); pedipalpal cymbium oriented ventrally or retrolateral-ventrally in males (retrolateral-dorsal or fully prolateral in a few mysmenid taxa) and distinctly modified prolaterally and ���or apically into an internal cymbial conductor (absent in Mysmenopsis); cymbial fold (absent in Maymena mayana and Mysmenopsis); and conductor globose, like a voluminous membrane, lacking a groove for the embolus tip; females with a distinct sclerotized spot or a process on the apical ventral surface of at least femur I (absent in some species of Mysmenopsis); an epigynal median plate projecting from the epigastric furrow; and either a more-or-less straight trajectory or convoluted trajectory of the copulatory ducts (Snazell 1986; Sch��tt 2003; Lopardo et al. 2011). Distribution. Algeria, Angola, Bahama Is., Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Canary Is., China, Colombia, Peru, Comoro Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Europe, Fiji, Galapagos Is., Guyana, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Madeira, Mexico, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Samoa, Seychelles, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St. Helena, St. Vincent, Sulawesi, Tasmania, Trinidad, USA, Venezuela., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Five new minute orb-weaving spiders of the family Mysmenidae from China (Araneae), pp. 449-481 in Zootaxa 3670 (4) on page 450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/249213, {"references":["Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. (1978) A review of the spider genus Mysmenopsis (Araneae, Mysmenidae). American Museum Novitates, 2661, 1 - 22.","Baert, L. (1984) Mysmenidae and Hadrotarsidae from the Neotropical Guarani zoogeographical province (Paraguay and south Brasil) (Araneae). Revue Suisse De Zoologie, 91, 603 - 616.","Griswold, C. E., Coddington, J. A., Hormiga, G & Scharff, N. (1998) Phylogeny of the orb-web building spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 123, 1 - 99. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1998. tb 01290. x","Lopardo, L., Giribet, G. & Hormiga, G. (2011) Morphology to the rescue: molecular data and the signal of morphological characters in combined phylogenetic analyses - a case study from mysmenid spiders (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with comments on the evolution of web architecture. Cladistics, 27, 278 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2010.00332. x","Snazell, R. (1986) A new Mysmena (Araneae: Mysmenidae) from Spain. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 7, 62 - 64.","Schutt, K. (2003) Phylogeny of Symphytognathidae sl (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoologica Scripta, 32, 129 - 151. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2003.00103. x"]}

Trogloneta uncata new species Figs 23���26 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS), Banpoyan Cave (24 �� 56.012��N, 100 �� 18.866��E; Altitude 1990 m), Huilong Mt., Xiaowan Town, Nanjian County, Yunnan, China, 25 June 2010, C.X. Wang, Q.Y. Zhao and L.H. Lin. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ���uncatus��� (= uncinate), in reference to the shape of the male embolus. Diagnosis. The new species sharing the following features with other Trogloneta species: AME smaller than ALE (Figs 23 A, D); eyes at apex (Fig. 23 C); male leg I with a subdistal ventrally femoral spot and a clasping spine on metatarsus I (Figs 23 E, G); male carapace highly elevated and conical (Fig. 23 C); male pedipale large (at least as big as half carapace) (Figs 23 A���B). The new species differs from Brazilian Trogloneta spp. (Brescovit & Lopardo 2008) by the opisthosoma without one posterior tubercle and the relatively simple male pedipalp; from American T. paradoxa (see Gertsch 1960: 12, figs 12, 16) and Chinese T. denticocleari and T. speciosum (see Lin & Li 2008) by the presence of cymbial process (Figs 24 A, D; 25 A, D) and the strongly hooked embolus (Figs 24 C, 25 C); from European T. canariensis, the type species T. granulum and Madeira Is. T. madeirensis (see Wunderlich 1987) by the presence of median and apical cymbial apophysis (Figs 24 B���D; 25 B���D) and the rugose, membranous apical lobe in pedipalpal bulb (Figs 24 B���C, 25 B���C). Description. Male: Holotype (Figs 23 A���C), total length 0.79. Prosoma 0.36 long, 0.39 wide, 0.27 high. Carapace of prosoma pale yellow, subround dorsally. Thoracic pars wrinkled marginally. Cephalic pars abruptly raised. Ocular area located at apex of carapace, covered with few setae. Eight eyes in two rows. AMEs contiguous, black. ALE, PLE and PME in triad, and white. AER and PER distinctly recurved. All eyes round, with black rings. Clypeus 0.25 high, about to 7.5 x AME diameter; ALE separated by about 4.2 x its diameter from anterolateral edge of carapace. Chelicerae pale yellow, shorter than endites (Fig. 23 D). Labium yellow, fused to sternum. Endites yellow, rhombic, longer than wide, with serrula. Sternum 0.24 long, 0.25 wide, pale yellow, heart-shaped, plump, covered with sparse setae, without any stripes. Legs formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I 1.36 (0.43, 0.16, 0.30, 0.27, 0.20); II 1.18 (0.38, 0.14, 0.25, 0.23, 0.18); III 0.99 (0.30, 0.13, 0.20, 0.20, 0.16); IV 1.21 (0.39, 0.14, 0.27, 0.21, 0.20). Femora and patellae light grey; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi yellow. Femur I with a ventral sclerotized spot subdistally, and femoral cuticle wrinkle, modified by tiny stripes. Metatarsus I with a submesial clasping spine prolaterally (Fig. 23 G). All patellae with a dorsal seta distally. Each tibia with a dorsal seta proximally and 3 trichobothria (Fig. 23 F). Each metatarsus with a dorsal trichobothrium proximally (Fig. 23 G). Opisthosoma 0.55 long, 0.55 wide, 0.71 high. Subround dorsally, pale yellow, with irregularly grey spots. Ventral abdomen pale. Spinnerets yellow, the anterior largest, and the posterior smallest. Pedipalp large (Figs 24 A���D, 25 A���D). Femur, patella and tibia without apophysis. Tibia semi-cupulate, with a few long setae along the distal margin (Figs 24 D, 25 D). Cymbium membranous, covered with many long setae, with a dentate cymbial process prolaterally (Figs 24 A, 25 A). Bulb large, irregular shape. subtegulum rugose, weakly slcerotized. Tegulum wide, rugose, spermatic duct visible through translucent tegulum. Median and apical apophyses triangular, distinctly sclerotized. Apical lobe translucent, wrinkled, and adjacent to apical apophysis (Figs 24 B, 25 B). Conductor absent. Embolus large, hooked, strongly sclerotized distally, broad basally (Figs 24 A, C; 25 A, C). Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 26)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Five new minute orb-weaving spiders of the family Mysmenidae from China (Araneae), pp. 449-481 in Zootaxa 3670 (4) on pages 476-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/249213, {"references":["Brescovit, A. D. & Lopardo, L. (2008) The first record on the spider genus Trogloneta Simon in the southern hemisphere (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with descriptions of three new species from Brazil and remarks on the morphology. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 89, 93 - 106. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.2007.00296. x","Gertsch, W. (1960) Descriptions of American spiders of the family Symphytognathidae. American Museum Novitates, 1981, 1 - 40.","Lin, Y. & Li, S. (2008) Mysmenid spiders of China (Araneae: Mysmenidae). Annales Zoologici, 58 (3), 487 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345408 X 364337","Wunderlich, J. (1987) Die Spinnen der Kanarischen Inseln und Madeiras: Adaptive Radiation, Biogeographie, Revisionen und Neubeschreibungen. Triops Verlag, Langen, West Germany, pp 340."]}

Genus Tetrablemma O. Pickard-Cambridge 1873 Type species. Tetrablemma medioculatum O. Pickard-Cambridge 1873: 114., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng, Li, Shuqiang & J��ger, Peter, 2012, Two new species of the family Tetrablemmidae (Araneae) from Laos and Malaysia, pp. 55-64 in Zootaxa 3475 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213710

Tetrablemma namkhan sp. nov. Figs 4–6 Type material: Holotype: male (SMF), Laos, Luang Prabang Prov., SE Luang Prabang, Xiang Ngeun Distr., Nam Khan, Ban Keng Koung, 19 ° 40 ʹ 963 ʺN, 102 ° 18 ʹ 442 ʺE, altitude 372 m, disturbed forest, valley, waterfall, dry stream bed, P. Jäger leg. 21–23 February 2008, Winkler extraction. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality, the Nam Khan (= River Khan); noun in apposition. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to T. magister from Queenland (see Burger 2008: figs. 15–20), T. brevidens from China (see Tong & Li 2008: figs. 5 A–C, F–H) and T. thamin from Myanmar (see Labarque & Grismado 2009: figs. 1, 3, 6–9) in the shape of the prosoma in lateral view, but males can be distinguished by the presence of an anterior dorsal lump on the male prosoma (Fig. 4 C), the short and S-shaped cheliceral apophysis in dorsal view (Figs 4 E–F), the tortuous and six curves sperm duct (Figs 5 A, B; 6 A, B), and the slightly curved, wide embolus (Figs 5 C; 6 C vs Burger 2008: fig. 19, Tong & Li 2008: fig. 5 F and Labarque & Grismado 2009: fig. 3). Description. Male (holotype). Colouration: Prosoma reddish-brown, opisthosoma and legs pale reddishbrown to yellowish-brown. Somatic characters see Figs 4 A–G. Measurements: Total length 1.16. Prosoma length 0.56, width 0.47, height 0.53. Opisthosoma length 0.77, width 0.61, height 0.46. Clypeus height 0.36. ALE 0.071, PLE 0.054. Sternum length 0.32, width 0.36. Legs: I 1.28 (0.43, 0.13, 0.30, 0.21, 0.21); II 1.19 (0.38, 0.13, 0.27, 0.20, 0.21); III 1.07 (0.32, 0.13, 0.23, 0.20, 0.20); IV 1.38 (0.43, 0.13, 0.36, 0.25, 0.21). Prosoma: Dorsal shield sclerotised, finely reticulate, except smooth radial region. Cephalic part elevated, surface smooth, planar, anteriorly sloping forward. Thoracic part marginally rugose with smooth striae. Ocular area situated centrally on prosoma, with four eyes in a tetrad, eye base black, AME and PME absent. ALE>PLE. Clypeus very wide, completely reticulate, margin rounded. Chelicerae surface smooth, cheliceral horn robust, Sshaped in dorsal view, a small tubercle at cheliceral horn basally. Cheliceral laminae developed. Gnathocoxae basally wide, distally narrow. Labium subtriangular. Sternum wider than long, with fine reticulation, marginally rugose. Legs: All femora with granules and annular veins. Other segments sculptured. Femur I slightly swollen. Metatarsus I proximo-mesially contracted, with two small tubercles. Tibiae I–IV with three trichobothria, metatarsus I–IV with one trichobothrium. Leg formula: IV-I-II-III. Opisthosoma: Dorsal scutum ovoid, finely reticulate, covered with long setae. Ventral scutum reticulate, posterior region slightly crinkled, booklung cover smooth. Lateral scutum I long, exceeding posterior margin of pre-anal plate. Postgenital plate present, as wide as pre-anal plate. Pre-anal plate rectangular, wider than long, covered sparsely with plumose setae, overlapping with posterior margin of postgenital plate. Pedipalp (Figs 5–6): Femur finely granulated, slightly swollen, subequal to tibia in length, with two long ventral setae proximally. Patella short, subequal to 1 / 2 width of tibia, without modification. Tibia strongly swollen, with distal trichobothrium dorsally. Cymbium shorter than patella, with few long setae dorsally. Bulb pear-shaped. Spermophor course with several bends. Embolus short, strongly sclerotised, curving mesially and weakly furcate distally. Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality.

Genus Brignoliella Shear 1978 Type species. Brignoliella acuminata (Simon, 1889) transferred from Paculla and designation by Shear 1978: 26., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng, Li, Shuqiang & J��ger, Peter, 2012, Two new species of the family Tetrablemmidae (Araneae) from Laos and Malaysia, pp. 55-64 in Zootaxa 3475 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213710

uploaded to BLR via Plazi

Brignoliella besutensis sp. nov. Figs 1–3 Type material: Holotype: male (SMF), Malaysia, Kuala Terengganu, Besut, under stone, leg. J. Wunderlich, vend. August 2008. Paratype: 1 male, with same data as for holotype. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to B. caligiformis Tong & Li 2008 from Hainan Island, China (see Tong & Li 2008: fig. 2 A–C, F–G), but can be distinguished by the non-inflated tibia (Figs 2 A, 3 A), the pear-shaped bulb (Figs 2 B, 3 B), the horn-shaped embolus (Figs 2 C, 3 C; boot-shaped in B. caligiformis), and the slightly sinuous course of the sperm duct (more strongly bent and with almost right-angled part in B. caligiformis). Description. Male (holotype). Colouration: Prosoma reddish-brown (Figs 1 A–D), opisthosoma (1 E–F) and legs pale reddish-brown to yellowish-brown. Measurements: Total length 1.13. Prosoma length 0.57, width 0.45, height 0.45. Opisthosoma length 0.71, width 0.57, height 0.48. Clypeus height 0.13. AME 0.054, ALE 0.059, PLE 0.059. Sternum length 0.32, width 0.30. Legs: I 1.20 (0.39, 0.13, 0.27, 0.20, 0.21); II 1.09 (0.34, 0.13, 0.25, 0.18, 0.20); III 0.99 (0.30, 0.13, 0.21, 0.18, 0.18); IV 1.27 (0.40, 0.13, 0.30, 0.22, 0.21). Prosoma: Dorsal shield strongly sclerotised. Cephalic part smooth, slightly elevated, with two rows of wartlike knots (likely setae lost) behind ocular area. Thoracic part irregularly reticulate, margin rugose and denticulate. Ocular area situated anteriorly, with six eyes in three diads, PME absent. AME Legs: All with lateral veins. Leg formula: IV-I-II-III. Opisthosoma: Dorsal scutum short ovoid, with sparse small pits. Ventral scutum anteriorly slightly crinkled, posteriorly with pits, booklung cover smooth. Lateral scutum I long, and not exceeding anterior margin of pre-anal plate. Postgenital plate present, pre-anal plate rectangular and smooth. Pedipalp (Figs 2–3): Femur ventrally granulated, with three long setae. Patella about half as long as tibia, without modification. Tibia slightly bent, with a distal trichobothrium dorsally. Cymbium sub-triangular in lateral view. Bulb pear-shaped. Spermophor course simple. Embolus short, sclerotised, distinctly narrowed and slightly bent distally, horn-shaped. Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality.

An electrode based on chemically polymerized polypyrrole has been fabricated for use as a pH sensor. The electrode is basically a polypyrrole film connected by two carbon conductors to form a chemoresistor. The changes in resistance of the polypyrrole (PPy) film are determined by either drawing a constant through the film and monitoring the potential changes or applying a constant potential across the film and monitoring the current changes. The electrode fabrication is optimized. The resulting electrodes are subjected to stability tests in various media. A response to hydronium ion in terms of electrical resistance is obtained in a wide range of pH buffers. The selectivity for hydronium ion and effect of ionic strength on the electrode response have been investigated.

Telema wunderlichi Song & Zhu, 1994 T. wunderlichi Song & Zhu, 1994: 36, f. 1 A–E; Song et al., 1999: 51, f. 11 G, 22 A–C. (Female holotype, 1 male and 1 female paratypes from Chengqiang Cave, Sangzhi County: 29 º 18 ʹN, 110 º06ʹE, Hunan Province, China, 27 Nov. 1992, D.Q. Wang leg., collection place unknown, not examined). Material examined. None. Diagnosis. Telema wunderlichi seems similar to T. guihua from Guizhou. The former may be distinguished by the long oval pedipalpal bulb, the evenly tube-shaped spermatheca that slightly curved proximally (Song & Zhu, 1994, figs. D, E). Description. Female. Total length 1.06–1.90. Prosoma 0.78 long, 0.58 wide. Opisthosoma 0.97 long, 0.71 wide, 1.16 high. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, sleek. Eyes absent. Chelicerae with a large tooth and several denticles at promargin, several small denticles at retromargin. Labium semilunar, margin curved distally. Sternum posterior corner sharp. Legs brown-yellow, long and thin. Leg I longer than body length. Leg measurements: I 6.81 (2.13, 2.32, 1.45, 0.91); II 6.04 (1.90, 2.10, 1.23, 0.81); III 4.35 (1.35, 1.45, 0.94, 0.61); IV 5.15 (1.67, 1.61, 1.12, 0.75). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Opisthosoma nearly white, without pigmentation pattern, covered sparse gray setae. Male. Total length 1.48. Prosoma 0.73 long, 0.55 wide. Opisthosoma 0.35 long, 0.55 wide, 0.71 high. Pedipalp length: 0.81 (0.16, 0.10, 0.15, 0.40). Leg measurements: I 7.12 (2.10, 2.45, 1.60, 0.97); II 6.26 (1.94, 2.18, 1.39, 0.75); III 4.61 (1.45, 1.55, 1.00, 0.61); IV 5.13 (1.67, 1.61, 1.20, 0.65). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Distribution. China (Hunan) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. (1994) On some species of cave arachnids of China In: C h e n Y. Y. (E d.) Sixtieth Anniversary of the Founding of China Zoological Society: Memorial Volume Dedicated to the Huandredth Anniversary of the Birthday of the Late Prof. Sisan Chen (Z. Chen). China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, pp. 35 - 46.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp."]}

Telema grandidens Tong & Li, 2008 T. grandidens Tong & Li, 2008 a: 366, f. 1 C, 4 A���H. (Male holotype, 2 males and 2 female paratypes from China: Guizhou: Bayoudadong Cave, Xinhe Village, Xiasi Town [25 �� 26 ��N, 107 �� 25 ��E], Dushan County, 21 May. 2005, Y.F. Tong and Y.C. Lin leg., deposited in Mus��um National d���Histoire Naturelle, Paris, examined). Material examined. Paratypes: 13 males and 16 females (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guizhou: Bayoudadong Cave, Xinhe Village, Xiasi Town, Dushan County [25 �� 26 ��N, 107 �� 25 ��E], 21 May 2005, Y.F. Tong and Y.C. Lin leg. Diagnosis. Telema grandidens is similar to T. dongbei Wang & Ran, 1998, but may be distinguished by the embolus broader distally, the presence of a large tooth at the middle of fang furrow and the spermatheca narrow basally (Tong & Li, 2008 a, fig. 4 B���E, H). Description. See Tong and Li (2008 a). Distribution. China (Guizhou) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Tong, Y. F. & Li, S. Q. (2008 a) Four new cave-dwelling Telema spiders (Araneae, telemidae) from Guizhou Province, China. Zoosystema, 30, 1 - 10.","Wang, X. P. & Ran, J. C. (1998) A new cave spider of the genus Telema (Araneae: Telemidae) from China. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica, 9, 93 - 96."]}

Telema claviformis Tong & Li, 2008 T. claviformis Tong & Li, 2008 a: 364, f. 1 B, 3 A���H. (Male holotype, 1 male and 2 female paratypes from China: Guizhou: Qiuxiang Cave, Maling Town [25 �� 12 ��N, 104 �� 53 ��E], Xingyi City, 12 May. 2005, Y.F. Tong and Y.C. Lin leg., deposited in Mus��um National d���Histoire Naturelle, Paris, not examined). Material examined. Paratypes: 1 male and 10 females (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guizhou: Qiuxiang Cave, Maling Town, Xingyi City [25 �� 12 ��N, 104 �� 53 ��E], 12 May 2005, Y.F. Tong and Y.C. Lin leg. Diagnosis. Telema claviformis seems closest to T. guihua. Males of the former may be distinguished by the inserted position of beak-shaped embolus, the absence of cymbial apophysis prolaterally; females of the former by the incurvated spermatheca mesially (Tong & Li, 2008 a, fig. 3 B���E). Description. See Tong and Li (2008 a). Distribution. China (Guizhou) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Tong, Y. F. & Li, S. Q. (2008 a) Four new cave-dwelling Telema spiders (Araneae, telemidae) from Guizhou Province, China. Zoosystema, 30, 1 - 10."]}

Telema liangxi Zhu & Chen, 2002 T. liangxi Zhu & Chen, 2002: 82, f. 1���7. (Male holotype, 2 female paratypes from China: Guizhou: Liangxi Cave, Dongtang Town [25 �� 12 ��N, 108 ��00��E], Maolan National Natural Reserve, Libo County, 5 Nov. 1999, H.M. Chen leg., deposited in College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Baoding, not examined) Material examined. None. Diagnosis. Telema liangxi seems closest to T. strentarsi, but the male of former may be distinguished by the blunt embolus distally and the distinctly pear-shaped bulb, the female by the long and coiled spermatheca that swollen proximally and distally, contracted mesially (Zhu & Chen, 2002, figs. 4���6). Description. See Zhu and Chen (2002). Distribution. China (Guizhou) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Zhu, M. S. & Chen, H. M. (2002) A new cave spider of the genus Telema from China (Araneae: Telemidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 27, 82 - 84."]}

Telema vesiculata sp. nov. Figs 18 ���19, 20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS) from CHINA: Yunnan: Laobie Cave (Alt.: 1840 m; T.: 10 ˚C; H.: 90 %), Pingtian Village, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County [24 �� 50.511 ��N, 104 �� 16.066 ��E], 20 March 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg. Paratypes: 2 males and 11 females (IZCAS), same data as holotype. Other material examined. CHINA: Yunnan: 3 males and 15 females (IZCAS), a nameless cave (Alt.: 1615 m; T.: 11 ˚C; H.: 85 %), Pingtian Village, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County [24 �� 50.928 ��N, 104 �� 16.483 ��E], same date and collectors as holotype. Etymology. The specific name derives from Latin ��� vesiculatus = vesicular���, and in reference to the spermatheca appending a small vesicle ventral-distally. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. spina Tong & Li, 2008, but can be distinguished by the absence of eyes and strong tarsal spine on male pedipalp distally (present in T. spina), the distinct shape of embolus, the club-shaped spermatheca slightly curved mesially and swollen distally (unknown in T. spina), and the larger body size. Description. Holotype male. Total length 1.76. Prosoma 0.76 long, 0.70 wide. Sternum 0.50 long, 0.36 wide. Opisthosoma 0.92 long, 0.82 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, flat, nearly circular, with few setae on mid-anterior area. Eye absent. Chelicerae yellow, longer than endites, fang furrow with 2 teeth and 3 tiny granulous denticles on promargin, 4 small triangular teeth on retromargin, 11 plumose setae along cheliceral promargin. Endites long same as wide, wide proximally and narrow distally, serrula invisible. Labium length equal to 2 / 3 times of width, base darkish, fused to sternum. Sternum planar, triangular, longer than wide, covered with dispersive setae on surface, margins flexural laterally, posterior corner sharp. Femora spineless. One dorsal long spine on each patella distally, and as same as on tibiae mesially. Leg measurements: I 6.87 (2.06, 0.27, 2.20, 1.46, 0.88); II 5.82 (1.80, 0.26, 1.84, 1.16, 0.76); III 4.24 (1.38, 0.24, 1.16, 0.86, 0.60); IV 5.20 (1.68, 0.24, 1.46, 1.14, 0.68). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Opisthosoma light yellow, covered with long setae. Pedipalpal bulb large, egg-shaped. Femur subequal to 2 times of patella in length. Tibia subequal to 2 times of patella, and to 5 / 8 times of tarsus in length, with a dorsal trichobothrium mesially. Tarsus longer distinctly than femur, prolaterally cymbial apophysis present. A triangular embolus anear apex of pedipalpal bulb, which is membranous on postomargin, slightly sclerotized on anteromargin. Female. Total length 1.74. Prosoma 0.80 long, 0.70 wide. Sternum 0.46 long, 0.36 wide. Opisthosoma 0.90 long, 0.86 wide. Somatic coloration and modified spines of legs same as in male. Leg measurements: I 6.28 (1.90, 0.28, 1.96, 1.34, 0.80); II 5.44 (1.68, 0.26, 1.70, 1.10, 0.70); III 3.92 (1.26, 0.22, 1.08, 0.80, 0.56); IV 4.93 (1.60, 0.23, 1.40, 1.10, 0.60). Leg formula: I-II-IVI-II. Median spinnerets with 4, posteriors with 3 large spines. Genital area with several irregular setae on postomargin anteriorly, a row of short setae on epigastric furrow posteriorly. Postomargin weakly sclerotized laterally, concave mesially. Spermatheca club-shaped, slightly curved mesially and swollen distally, appending a small vesicle ventral-distally. Distribution. China (Yunnan) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on pages 29-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036

Telema guihua sp. nov. Figs 6 ���7, 20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guizhou: Mahuang Cave (Alt.: 730 m; T.: 13 ˚C; H.: 90 %), Guihua Village, Wenquan Town, Suiyang County [28 �� 14.619 ��N, 107 �� 17.345 ��E], 16 May 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg. Paratypes: 8 males and 14 females (IZCAS), same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species refers to the type locality. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. claviformis Tong & Li, 2008 and T. wunderlichi Song & Zhu, 1994, but can be distinguished by the absence of cymbial apophysis of male pedipalp, the distinct shape of embolus and bulb, the parallel chelicerae, the pedipalpal tarsus slightly swollen distally, the outcurving postomargin of genital area, the straight spermatheca and the smaller body size. Description. Holotype male. Total length 1.24. Prosoma 0.50 long, 0.46 wide. Sternum 0.32 long, 0.31 wide. Opisthosoma 0.68 long, 0.62 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, sleek, subround. Eye absent. Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum and legs same color as dorsal shield of prosoma. Chelicerae small, longer slightly than endites, fang furrow with sole large promarginal tooth and 5 small granulated retromarginal teeth, a row of plumose setae along cheliceral promargin. Endites length subequal 2 times to width, serrula invisible. Labium semicircular, length equal to 1 / 2 times its width, base darkish and bears several short setae, fused to sternum. Sternum slightly plump, heart-shaped, black setae on surface, posterior corner blunt. One dorsal spine at each patella distally, tibia spineless. Leg measurements: I 3.98 (1.26, 0.20, 1.12, 0.84, 0.56); II 3.65 (1.18, 0.19, 1.00, 0.76, 0.52); III 2.76 (0.88, 0.16, 0.70, 0.60, 0.42); IV 3.22 (1.02, 0.17, 0.82, 0.73, 0.48). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Opisthosoma pale yellow, bears few long setae. Pedipalp large. Femur subequal 2.5 times to patella in length, tibia subequal 1.5 times to patella in length, a dorsal trichobothrium on the one third of tibia distally, tarsus longer than femur, cymbial apophysis absent. Pedipalpal bulb oval, anear bulbous apex extended into a beak-shaped embolus. Female. Total length 1.16. Prosoma 0.50 long, 0.48 wide. Sternum 0.32 long, 0.30 wide. Opisthosoma 0.64 long, 0.58 wide. Somatic coloration same as in male. Femur I and tibia I without long spines. Each patella with a dorsal spine distally. Leg measurements: I 3.80 (1.18, 0.20, 1.08, 0.78, 0.56); II 3.46 (1.08, 0.18, 0.98, 0.72, 0.50); III 2.68 (0.86, 0.16, 0.70, 0.56, 0.40); IV 3.13 (1.02, 0.17, 0.80, 0.67, 0.47). Leg formula: I- II-IV-III. Median spinnerets with 3, posteriors 4 short spines. Genital area protected by a row of setae. Postomargin slightly sclerotized laterally. Spermatheca straight, club-shaped, slightly bent proximally, swollen distally. Distribution. China (Guizhou) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. (1994) On some species of cave arachnids of China In: C h e n Y. Y. (E d.) Sixtieth Anniversary of the Founding of China Zoological Society: Memorial Volume Dedicated to the Huandredth Anniversary of the Birthday of the Late Prof. Sisan Chen (Z. Chen). China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, pp. 35 - 46."]}

Telema conglobare sp. nov. Figs 4 ���5, 20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guangxi: Xi���an Cave (Alt.: 574 m; T.: 17 ˚C; H.: 95 %), Songren Village, Fengcheng Town, Fengshan County [24 �� 33.941 ��N, 107 ��02.465��E], 12 March 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg. Paratypes: 10 males and 46 females (IZCAS), same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name is derived from Latin ��� conglobo = to form into a ball���, and means to the globular spermatheca distally. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. breviseta Tong & Li, 2008, but can be distinguished by the absence of eyes, the distinct shape of pedipalpal bulb, the absence of a row of short setae at femur I in male, the sharp corner at sternum posteriorly, the globose spermatheca distally (ovoid distally in T. breviseta), and the larger body size. Description. Holotype male. Total length 1.42. Prosoma 0.65 long, 0.62 wide. Sternum 0.42 long, 0.34 wide. Opisthosoma 0.68 long, 0.60 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, flat, circular, with few setae on cephalic pars. Eye absent. Chelicerae yellow, longer than endites, fang furrow with 11 plumose setae, 2 teeth and 3 tiny granulous denticles at promargin, 4 small triangular denticles at retromargin. Endites longer than wide, serrula absent. Labium wider than long, fused to sternum. Sternum planar, nearly pear-shaped, lateral margins flexural, longer slightly than wide, black setae on surface, posterior corner sharp. One dorsal spine at each patella distally, and the same near middle of each tibia. Leg measurements: I 5.92 (1.75, 0.24, 1.88, 1.28, 0.77); II 5.10 (1.54, 0.22, 1.56, 1.08, 0.70); III 3.64 (1.16, 0.20, 1.04, 0.72, 0.52); IV 4.40 (1.42, 0.22, 1.24, 0.94, 0.58). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Opisthosoma pale, covered with sparse long setae. Pedipalp large. Femur equal to 3 times of patella in length, tibia subequal to 2 time of patella in length, a dorsally tibial trichobothrium on distal end of middle third, tarsus longer than femur, subequal to 2 times of tibia in length, prolaterally cymbial apophysis small. Pedipalpal bulb long oval, its apex extended to form a broad embolus that sclerotized anteromarginally and membranous postomarginally. Female. Total length 1.80. Prosoma 0.64 long, 0.58 wide. Sternum 0.40 long, 0.34 wide. Opisthosoma 1.14 long, 1.04 wide. Same coloration of body and legs as in male. Leg measurements: I 5.48 (1.66, 0.24, 1.72, 1.14, 0.72); II 4.73 (1.44, 0.22, 1.41, 1.00, 0.66); III 3.39 (1.08, 0.19, 0.98, 0.66, 0.48); IV 4.15 (1.36, 0.20, 1.17, 0.88, 0.54). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Median spinnerets with 4, posteriors 5 short spines. Genital area bears a row of long spines on posterior margin anteriorly, with a row of short setae on epigastric furrow posteriorly. Faintly sclerotized on postomargin bilaterally, slightly recurved at midpostomargin. Spermatheca club-shaped, suddenly reflexed mesially, sharply swollen into a globose distally. Distribution. China (Guangxi) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on pages 8-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036

Telema auricoma sp. nov. Figs 1, 20 Type material: Holotype: female (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guizhou: Daxiao Cave (Alt.: 1186 m; T.: 15 ˚C; H.: 88 %), Shiqiang Village, Xiaotun Town, Dafang County [27 º05.549΄N, 105 º 33.306 ΄E], 4 May 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg. Paratypes: 48 females (IZCAS), same data as holotype. Other material examined. CHINA: Guizhou: 8 females (IZCAS), Longdong Cave (El.: 1323 m; T: 9 ˚C; H: 95 %), Yangliu Village, Chengguan Town, Zhijin County [26 º 49.975 ΄N, 105 º 47.085 ΄E], 24 April 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg.; Yunnan: 38 females (IZCAS), Dashi Cave (El.: 2120 m; T: 10 ˚C; H: 90 %), Machong Village, Xiaohe Town, Kunming City [25 º 11.406 ΄N, 102 º 47.309 ΄E], 4 April 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg. Etymology. The specific name derives from Latin “ auricomus = with golden hairs”, in reference to the beautiful color of opisthosomal setae. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Telema oculata Tong & Li, 2008 and T. nipponica (Yaginuma, 1972), but can be distinguished by the distinctly smaller body size, the golden opisthosomal setae, the presence of a row of short setae between labium and sternum on triangular sternum, the non-swollen spermatheca distally (asymmetrically flexural tube in T. nipponica) and the colulus long subequal to width. Description. Holotype female. Total length 1.06. Prosoma 0.54 long, 0.52 wide. Clypeus 0.12 high. Sternum 0.33 long, 0.30 wide. Opisthosoma 0.64 long, 0.66 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, pearshaped, with radial shadings, dim margins. Six eyes, with black ring, posterior eyes row slightly recurved, lateral eyes contiguous, ocular area dark. Chelicerae, endites and labium yellow. Endites subequal to chelicerae in length. Chelicerae slender, fang furrow with 11 plumose setae, 2 big teeth and 3 tiny granulous denticles on promargin, with 4 small triangular denticles retromargin. Sternum brown, triangular, flexural marginally, fused to labium, covered with sparse long setae, a row of orderly short setae between sternum and labium. Pedipalp simple, sturdy, pedipalpal femur equal tarsus, patella subequal tibia in length, a distal spine and a proximal trichobothrium at patella dorsally, tarsus bears regular bristles dorsally and sparse serrated setae ventrally. All legs with a dorsal spine and a retrolateral tuber at patella distally. Leg measurements: I 3.16 (0.96, 0.20, 0.87, 0.63, 0.50); II 2.80 (0.84, 0.18, 0.76, 0.56, 0.46); III 2.13 (0.68, 0.17, 0.52, 0.42, 0.34); IV 2.70 (0.88, 0.18, 0.66, 0.57, 0.41). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Opisthosoma globose, glaucous dorsally and purple-brown ventrally, covered with densely golden setae. Spinnerets area brown. Posterior spinnerets with 2, medians 3 spines. Colulus length subequal to width. Genital area with a row of long setae on postomargin anteriorly, postomargin slender and straight, another row of short setae posterior to epigastric furrow. Spermatheca slender and translucent, tube-shaped, abruptly reflexed at one third position proximally, slightly curved distally. Male. Unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan) (Fig. 20).

Telema spirae sp. nov. Figs 12 ���13, 20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guangxi: Dawan Cave (Alt.: 438 m; T.: 18 ˚C; H.: 95 %), Poyue Village, Poyue Town, Bama County [24 �� 18.097 ��N, 107 ��06.932��E], 16 August 2007. J. Liu, Y.H. Guo and Y.C. Lin leg. Paratypes: 27 males and 96 females (IZCAS), same data as holotype. Other material examined. CHINA: Guangxi: 3 males and 8 females (IZCAS), Dawanxiao Cave (Alt.: 425 m; T.: 18 ˚C; H.: 90 %), Poyue Village, Poyue Town, Bama County [24 �� 18.106 ��N, 107 ��07.023��E], 11 March 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg. Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species derives from Latin ��� spira = coiled���, and refers to the shape of coiled spermatheca. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. liangxi Zhu & Chen, 2002, but can be distinguished by the nearly globose pedipalpal bulb, the long and asymmetrically forky embolus and the especially long spermatheca coiling into two circles. Description. Holotype male. Total length 1.44. Prosoma 0.64 long, 0.58 wide. Sternum 0.40 long, 0.31 wide. Opisthosoma 0.76 long, 0.66 wide. Prosoma, opisthosoma and legs yellow. Eye absent. Dorsal shield of prosoma flat, sleek, without modified pattern. Chelicerae longer than sternum, fang furrow with 2 large teeth and 3 granulous denticles on promargin, 4 tiny triangular teeth on retromargin, a row of plumose setae along promargin. Endites longer than wide, shorter than chelicerae, serrula unseen. Labium long equal to wide, darkish basally, fused to sternum. Sternum flat, scutellate, longer slightly than wide, covered with sparse setae, posterior corner sharp. Femur I with modified large spines. Patella distally with a dorsal spine, as well as on each tibia mesially. Leg measurements: I 6.18 (1.90, 0.22, 1.94, 1.36, 0.76); II 5.94 (1.92, 0.24, 1.92, 1.18, 0.68); III 3.86 (1.28, 0.20, 1.14, 0.74, 0.50); IV 4.58 (1.54, 0.20, 1.32, 0.96, 0.56). Leg formula: I-II-IV- III. Opisthosoma pale, covered with sparse long setae. Pedipalp large. Femur subequal to 3 times of patella, to 1.5 times of tibia in length, tibia with a dorsal trichobothrium mesially, tarsus longer than femur, cymbial apophysis present. Pedipalpal bulb globose, embolus extremely long, large, straight, asymmetrical bifurcated distally. Female. Total length 1.48. Prosoma 0.64 long, 0.58 wide. Sternum 0.42 long, 0.34 wide. Opisthosoma 0.78 long, 0.72 wide. Somatic coloration and modification same as in male. Leg measurements: I 6.26 (1.94, 0.24, 1.98, 1.34, 0.76); II 5.30 (1.70, 0.22, 1.66, 1.08, 0.64); III 3.78 (1.26, 0.20, 1.10, 0.72, 0.50); IV 4.58 (1.58, 0.20, 1.40, 0.86, 0.54). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Genital area with two rows of setae. Postomargin procurved mesially, slightly sclerotized laterally. Spermatheca evenly long-tubular, coiled into 2 rings, appending a small sac distally. Distribution. China (Guangxi) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on page 21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Zhu, M. S. & Chen, H. M. (2002) A new cave spider of the genus Telema from China (Araneae: Telemidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 27, 82 - 84."]}

Telema feilong Chen & Zhu, 2009 T. feilong Chen & Zhu, 2009: 1707, f. 2 A���K. (Male holotype, 3 male and 1 female paratypes from China: Guizhou: Feilong Cave, Shangjiao Village [24 �� 55 ��N, 104 �� 53 ��E], Jingnan Town, Xingyi City, 25 May 2004, H.M. Chen & Y.Q. Zhang leg. Holotype was deposited in the Bureau of the Maolan National Natural Reserve, Libo, Guizhou, China, and paratypes in the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China, not examined). Material examined. None. Diagnosis. Telema feilong seems closest to T. dongbei, but the male differs from the latter by the short, Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Chen, H. M. & Zhu, M. S. (2009) Two new troglobitic species of the genus Telema (Araneae, Telemidae) from Guizhou, southwestern China. Journal of Natural History, 43, 1705 - 1713."]}

Telema tortutheca sp. nov. Figs 16 ���17, 20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guangxi: Jinlun Cave (Alt.: 210 m; T.: 14 ˚C; H.: 90 %), Yangyu Village, Guling Town, Mashan County [23 �� 33.278 ��N, 108 �� 15.732 ��E], 6 March 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg. Paratypes: 18 males and 50 females (IZCAS), same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name derives from Latin ��� tort- = tortuous��� and ��� theca = fecundation bursa���, and indicates to the strange shape of the female spermatheca. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. dengi Tong & Li, 2008, but can be distinguished by the absence of eyes, the kidney-shaped pedipalpal bulb, the distinctly turnup embolus, the broader genital area, the asymmetrically contorted spermatheca and the larger body size. Description. Holotype male. Total length 1.88. Prosoma 0.72 long, 0.64 wide. Sternum 0.45 long, 0.37 wide. Opisthosoma 1.10 long, 0.98 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, pear-shaped, margins smooth, slightly elevated mesially, projected anteriorly. Eye absent. Chelicerae yellow, strong, longer than endites, fang furrow with 11 plumose setae, 2 large teeth and 3 granulous denticles on promargin, 4 small triangular denticles on retromargin. Sternum fused to labium, yellow, flat, covered with black long setae on surface. Legs yellow, patellae I���IV distally with a dorsal spine respectively, as well as on each tibia mesially, a row of retrolaterally short trichobothria on tibia I and II respectively. Leg measurements: I 6.79 (2.02, 0.26, 2.18, 1.50, 0.83); II 5.95 (1.82, 0.25, 1.88, 1.24, 0.76); III 4.45 (1.44, 0.23, 1.33, 0.88, 0.57); IV 5.31 (1.69, 0.24, 1.60, 1.16, 0.62). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Opisthosoma pale yellow, globose, with a pair of grayish spots ventrally. Pedipalp extremely large. Tarsus longest, broad proximally, narrow distally, with a cymbial apophysis prolaterally. Femur longer than tibia, a dorsal thichobothrium on tibia mesially, patella equal to half of tibia in length. Pedipalpal bulb kidney-shaped, incurved anteriorly and outcurved posteriorly. Embolus relatively ���complex��� structure, arising from apex of pedipalpal bulb, broad proximally, two-double enwrapped vela composed of embolic tip. Female. Total length 1.98. Prosoma 0.82 long, 0.66 wide. Sternum 0.48 long, 0.40 wide. Opisthosoma 1.12 long, 1.06 wide. Somatic coloration and modification similar to male. Chaetotaxy of legs as in male, tibial trichobothrium absent. Leg measurements: I 7.00 (2.14, 0.26, 2.20, 1.54, 0.86); II 6.14 (1.88, 0.26, 1.94, 1.28, 0.78); III 4.62 (1.52, 0.24, 1.36, 0.90, 0.60); IV 5.43 (1.76, 0.25, 1.60, 1.18, 0.64). Leg formula: I-II-IV- III. Colulus wider than long, covered densely long setae, with a small projection distally. Genital area bears a row of long setae on postomargin anteriorly. Postomargin slightly sclerotized laterally, straight mesially. Another row setae on epigastric furrow posteriorly. Spermatheca strongly distorted, forms strange asymmetric shape distally. Distribution. China (Guangxi) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on pages 26-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036

Telema oculata Tong & Li, 2008 T. oculata Tong & Li, 2008 a: 369, f. 5 A���F. (Female holotype, 4 female paratypes from China: Guizhou: Guojiafen Cave, Xiasi Town [25 �� 29 ��N, 107 �� 27 ��E], Dushan County, 24 May. 2005, Y.F. Tong and Y.C. Lin leg., deposited in IZCAS and Mus��um National d���Histoire Naturelle, Paris, examined). Material examined. Paratypes: 3 females (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guizhou: Guojiafen Cave, Daheizhai Village, Xiasi Town, Dushan County [25 �� 29 ��N, 107 �� 27 ��E], 24 May 2005, Y.F. Tong and Y.C. Lin leg.; 3 females (IZCAS), Liangshuijing Cave, Bajing Village, Xiasi Town, Dushan County, Guizhou, 21 May 2005, Y.F. Tong and Y.C. Lin leg. Diagnosis. Telema oculata seems closest to T. auricoma. The former may be easily distinguished by the lack of beautifully golden setae on somatic surface, the cordiform sternum and the distally swollen, proximally reflexed spermatheca (Tong & Li, 2008 a, fig. 5 A, B and C). Description. See Tong and Li (2008 a). Male. Unknown. Distribution. China (Guizhou) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Tong, Y. F. & Li, S. Q. (2008 a) Four new cave-dwelling Telema spiders (Araneae, telemidae) from Guizhou Province, China. Zoosystema, 30, 1 - 10."]}

Telema bifida sp. nov. Figs 2 ���3, 20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guangxi: Qiaoxu Cave (Alt.: 550 m; T.: 18 ˚C; H.: 90 %), Qiaoxu Village, Qibainong Town, Dahua County [24 ��04.564��N, 107 �� 40.238 ��E], 9 March 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg. Paratypes: 1 male and 36 females (IZCAS), same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name of the new species derives from Latin ��� bifidus = to split into two parts, forked���, and refers to the chapped embolus in male. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. liangxi (Zhu & Chen 2002), but differs from the latter by the egg-shaped pedipalpal bulb, the chapped embolus distally, the presence of a pair of adnate teeth on cheliceral promargin, the stronger spermatheca reflexed but no coiled distally (obviously coiled in T. liangxi). Description. Holotype male. Total length 1.18. Prosoma 0.49 long, 0.46 wide. Sternum 0.32 long, 0.28 wide. Opisthosoma 0.65 long, 0.59 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma pale yellow, nearly translucent, round, smooth. Eye absent. Chelicerae pale, weak, fang furrow with 3 promarginal teeth and 11 plumose setae, with 4 retromarginal tiny denticles. Endites longer than labium. Sternum pale yellow, heart-shaped, flat, fused to labium. Legs yellow, bears a dorsal spine on patella distally respectively, a dorsal spine on each tibia medially. Leg measurements: I 4.97 (1.50, 0.19, 1.42, 1.14, 0.72); II 4.46 (1.35, 0.19, 1.32, 0.98, 0.62); III 3.33 (1.10, 0.18, 0.87, 0.70, 0.48); IV 3.89 (1.26, 0.18, 1.10, 0.83, 0.52). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Opisthosoma pale yellow, egg-shaped dorsally, with sparse long setae. Pedipalp large. Femur equal to 2 times of patella, tibia about to 1.5 times of patella in length, a mesial trichobothrium dorsally. Tarsus about to 2 times of tibia in length, broad proximally and narrow distally, with a prolateral cymbial apophysis. Pedipalpal bulb long ovate. Embolus large, deflective basally, chapped distally, margin sclerotized anteriorly. Female. Total length 1.22. Prosoma 0.54 long, 0.49 wide. Sternum 0.34 long, 0.28 wide. Opisthosoma 0.64 long, 0.62 wide. Same coloration and modification as in male. Pedipalpal tarsus bears plumose setae. Leg measurements: I 4.90 (1.48, 0.21, 1.49, 1.04, 0.68); II 4.41 (1.34, 0.20, 1.32, 0.92, 0.63); III 3.24 (1.02, 0.18, 0.94, 0.62, 0.48); IV 3.83 (1.24, 0.19, 1.11, 0.77, 0.52). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Genital area with two row of long setae, slightly sclerotized at lateral corners. Spermatheca strong, straightly tube-shaped, reflexed distally. Distribution. China (Guangxi) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on pages 5-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Zhu, M. S. & Chen, H. M. (2002) A new cave spider of the genus Telema from China (Araneae: Telemidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 27, 82 - 84."]}

T. zhewang Chen & Zhu, 2009 T. zhewang Chen & Zhu, 2009: 1709, f. 3 A���D, F���L, O���Q. (Male holotype, 13 male and 22 female paratypes from China: Guizhou: Zhoujia Cave (Alt.: 600 m), Shangjiao Village [25 �� 11 ��N, 105 �� 53 ��E], Zhewang Village, Qingping Town, Ceheng County, 23 May 2004, H.M. Chen & Y.Q. Zhang leg. Holotype was deposited in the Bureau of the Maolan National Natural Reserve, Libo, Guizhou, China, and paratypes in the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China, not examined). Material examined. None. Diagnosis. Telema zhewang seems similar to T. liangxi, but the male differs from the latter by the strongly reduced prolateral cymbial apophysis of palp (well developed in T. liangxi, fig. 3 E, F), the female by the spermatheca coiled more than one loop in lateral view (less than one loop in T. liangxi, figs. 3 J���N). Description. See Chen and Zhu (2009). Distribution. China (Guizhou) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Chen, H. M. & Zhu, M. S. (2009) Two new troglobitic species of the genus Telema (Araneae, Telemidae) from Guizhou, southwestern China. Journal of Natural History, 43, 1705 - 1713."]}

Telema dongbei Wang & Ran, 1998 T. dongbei Wang & Ran, 1998: 94, f. 1���5; Song et al., 1999: 51, f. 21 R���U. (Male holotype, 1 female paratype from China: Guizhou: Dongbei Cave, Shuipa Village [25 �� 80 ��N, 107 �� 54 ��E], Yuping Town, Maolan National Natural Reserve, Libo County, 13 Sept. 1996, J.C. Ran leg., deposited in American Museum of Natural History, New York, not examined). Material examined. None. Diagnosis. Telema dongbei seems closest to T. conglobare, but the male differs from the latter by the falculate embolus non-contracted proximally; the female by the spermatheca broad proximally and unexpanded distally (Wang & Ran, 1998, figs. 1, 2 and 5). Description. See Wang and Ran (1998). Distribution. China (Guizhou) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036, {"references":["Wang, X. P. & Ran, J. C. (1998) A new cave spider of the genus Telema (Araneae: Telemidae) from China. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica, 9, 93 - 96.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp."]}

Telema pedati sp. nov. Figs 8 ���9, 20 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS) from CHINA: Guangxi: Encun Cave (Alt.: 605 m; T.: 18 ˚C; H.: 90 %), Encun Village, Chengguan Town, Nandan County [25 ��04.159��N, 107 �� 36.195 ��E], 3 March 2007, J. Liu and Y.C. Lin leg. Paratypes: 22 males and 49 females (IZCAS), same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name derives from Latin ��� pedatus = pediform���, in reference to the shape of embolus of male pedipalp. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. grandidens Tong & Li, 2008, but can be distinguished by the distinct shape of embolus, the inserted point of embolus on bulb, the modified spines on femur I proximally and on tibia I distally in male, and the swollen spermatheca that curlier distally than the latter. Description. Holotype male. Total length 1.42. Prosoma 0.68 long, 0.64 wide. Sternum 0.40 long, 0.36 wide. Opisthosoma 0.74 long, 0.72 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, flat, nearly round, without speckles. Eye absent. Chelicerae yellow, longer than endites, fang furrow with a row of plumose setae, 2 teeth and 3 tiny granulous denticles at promargin, 4 small triangular teeth at retromargin. Endites length equal to width, shorter than chelicerae, serrula hardly visible. Labium length equal to 2 times of width, darkish basally, fused to sternum. Sternum planar, pear-shaped, longer slightly than wide, covered with sparse setae on surface, margins flexural laterally, posterior corner blunt. Femur I proximally bears 2 rows of prolateral long spines. 4 or 5 retrolateral long spines in line on tibia I distally. Each patella distally with a dorsal spine, and as same as on each tibia mesially. Leg measurements: I 6.34 (1.90, 0.24, 2.12, 1.30, 0.78); II 6.32 (1.82, 0.22, 1.64, 1.74, 0.90); III 4.28 (1.24, 0.22, 1.10, 1.02, 0.70); IV 5.10 (1.50, 0.20, 1.32, 1.32, 0.76). Leg formula: I- II-IV-III. Opisthosoma pale, covered with sparse long setae. Pedipalp large. Femur subequal 3 times to patella in length, tibia subequal 1.8 time to patella in length, a dorsal trichobothrium at tibia mesially. Tarsus longer distinctly than femur, with a prolaterally cymbial apophysis. Embolus foot-shaped, membranous promarginally, sclerotized retromarginally, starting from anear apex of oval pedipalpal bulb. Female. Total length 1.56. Prosoma 0.64 long, 0.62 wide. Sternum 0.42 long, 0.32 wide. Opisthosoma 0.82 long, 0.76 wide. Except of long spines absent on femur I and tibia I, coloration of prosoma and opisthosoma same as in male. Leg measurements: I 6.02 (1.86, 0.24, 1.96, 1.22, 0.74); II 5.12 (1.60, 0.24, 1.58, 1.04, 0.66); III 3.74 (1.22, 0.22, 1.08, 0.74, 0.48); IV 4.58 (1.48, 0.22, 1.32, 0.98, 0.58). Leg formula: I- II-IV-III. Median spinnerets with 1, posteriors with 4 long spines. Genital area bears a row of setae on postomargin anteriorly, postomargin distinctly sclerotized laterally. Spermatheca evenly tube-shaped proximally and mesially, at one third suddenly reflexed distally, extending to form a broad bag-shaped sac. Distribution. China (Guangxi) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2445 on pages 15-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195036

Leptonetela yangi sp. nov. Figs 53–54, 61 Type material: Holotype: male (IZCAS), Lingguan Cave, Huangni’ao Village, Chanxi Town, Yinjiang County [27°48´N, 108°24´E, Guizhou, China], 22 May 2006, Y.C. Lin and Z.F. Yang leg. Paratypes: 7 males and 21 females, same data as holotype (IZCAS). Other material examined. CHINA: Guizhou: 3 males and 27 females, Makou Cave, Yandi Village, Eling Town, Yinjiang County [27°59´N, 108°24´E], 23 May 2006, Y.C. Lin and Z.F. Yang leg. (IZCAS). Etymology. The species is named after the collector, Mr. Zhengfu Yang, a colleague at Guizhou Normal University, China, name in genitive case. Diagnosis. Leptonetela yangi sp. nov. is similar to L. liping sp. nov., but differs in having a sharper embolus, shorter conductor, biforked median apophysis (not forked in L. liping sp. nov.), the absence of an earlobe-shaped process on pedipalpal tarsus (present in L. liping sp. nov.) and the presence of 6 white eyespots (4 in L. liping sp. nov.). Description. Holotype male. Total length 2.20. Prosoma 1.00 long, 0.86 wide. Sternum 0.64 long, 0.58 wide. Opisthosoma 1.12 long, 0.92 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, one stiff seta on anterior area of ALE, 2 on antrolateral area of PME. Thoracic median groove fuscous, needle-shaped. Cervical groove and radial furrows distinct, brown yellow. Clypeus 0.21 high, slightly sloped anteriorly, clypeal area covered with thin short setae. Six eyes white, lacking black rings. ALE and PLE ovoid, PME subround. Eye sizes: ALE 0.05, PLE 0.05, PME 0.03; ALE-ALE 0.02, ALE-PME 0.10, PLE-PLE 0.12, PLE-PME 0.06; AER 0.13, PER 0.18. Major axes of PLE parallel. Chelicerae yellow, longer than endites in length, fang furrow with 8 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. Endites, labium and legs yellow, sternum brown yellow. Leg measurements: I 9.15 (2.50, 0.35, 2.65, 2.15, 1.50); II 7.43 (2.10, 0.33, 2.10, 1.70, 1.20); III 6.28 (1.80, 0.33, 1.70, 1.45, 1.00); IV 8.03 (2.25, 0.34, 2.24, 1.95, 1.25). Leg formula: I-IV-II-III. Femur I with 2 spines, femora II–IV spineless. One dorsal seta at patella distally. All tibiae modified by 3 trichobothtia and 2 setae. A row of soft hairs along tibiae I and II retrolaterally. A cluster of serrated hairs-comb on ventral base of metatarsi II and III respectively. Only one trichobothrium on each metatarsus. Opisthosoma pale, ovoid, lacking pigmentation, covered with yellow hairs, slightly rugose posteriorly. Pedipalpal femur spineless. A dorsal seta at patella distally. Pedipalpal tibia with 3 dorsal trichobothria and 5 retrolateral large spurs, of them tibial spur I longest. Pedipalpal tarsus smooth mesially, and the earlobeshaped process absent, 4 setae distally. Pedipalpal bulb smooth, ovoid. Prolateral lobe large. Median apophysis furcated apically, sclerotized distinctly. Embolus translucent, sharply triangular. Conductor undeveloped. Female. Similar to male in general features and somatic coloration, but body size larger and legs shorter. Total length 2.30. Prosoma 1.02 long, 0.90 wide. Sternum 0.62 long, 0.60 wide. Opisthosoma 1.34 long, 1.06 wide. Clypeus 0.20 high. Six eyes, white, without black bases. Eye sizes: ALE 0.06, PLE 0.05, PME 0.04; ALE-ALE 0.02, ALE-PME 0.11, PLE-PLE 0.11, PLE-PME 0.06; AER 0.12, PER 0.17. Chelicerae yellow, fang furrow with 8 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. Endites, labium, sternum and legs yellow. Leg measurements: I 8.98 (2.50, 0.38, 2.65, 2.05, 1.40); II 7.33 (2.10, 0.35, 2.10, 1.63, 1.15); III 6.23 (1.80, 0.33, 1.70, 1.45, 0.95); IV 8.00 (2.30, 0.35, 2.25, 1.85, 1.25). Leg formula: I-IV-II-III. The chaetotaxy and trichobothria of legs same as in male. Genital area covered with densely long hairs. Internal genitalia with a pair of spermathecae, fingerlike distally and curling kinkled mesially, spaced a short distance, slightly sclerotized stronger than sperm ducts. The atrium broad, margin smooth and procurved anteriorly. Distribution. Known only from type locality., Published as part of Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Leptonetid spiders from caves of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China (Araneae: Leptonetidae) 2587, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2587 (1) on pages 79-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2587.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5346618