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Introduction The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta (ICHD-3 beta) gave alternative diagnostic criteria for 1.2 migraine with aura (MA) and 1.2.1 migraine with typical aura (MTA) in the appendix. The latter were presumed to better differentiate transient ischemic attacks (TIA) from MA. The aim of the present study was to field test that. Methods Soon after admission, a neurologist interviewed 120 consecutive patients diagnosed with TIA after MRI or CT. Semi-structured interview forms addressed all details of the TIA episode and all information necessary to apply the ICHD-3beta diagnostic criteria for 1.2, 1.2.1, A1.2 and A1.2.1. Results Requiring at least one identical previous attack, the main body and the appendix criteria performed almost equally well. But requiring only one attack, more than a quarter of TIA patients also fulfilled the main body criteria for 1.2. Specificity was as follows for one attack: 1.2: 0.73, A1.2: 0.91, 1.2.1: 0.88 and A1.2.1: 1.0. Sensitivity when tested against ICHD-2 criteria were 100% for the main body criteria (because they were unchanged), 96% for A1.2 and 94% for A1.2.1. Conclusion The appendix criteria performed much better than the main body criteria for 1.2 MA and 1.2.1 MTA when diagnosing one attack (probable MA). We recommend that the appendix criteria should replace the main body criteria in the ICHD-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densities of solutions of the chiral (in the racemic form) trans -dimethyldiethylglycoluril (1,4-diethyl-3,6-dimethyltetrahydroimidazo[4,5- d ]imidazole-2,5(1 H ,3 H )-dione), being a promising tranquilizer Albicar, in ordinary (H 2 O) and heavy (D 2 O) water were measured using the Anton Paar DMA 5000 M high-precision vibrating tube densimeter. All experiments were performed within the temperature range between 278.15 K and 318.15 K (with a step of 10 K) at the pressure to be ca . 99.6 kPa. The solution aquamolality was ranged from ca . 0.02 to ca . 0.2 mol (55.51 mol of solvent) −1 for each of H/D isotopically distinguishable systems compared. The standard (partial at infinite dilution) molar volumes as well as expansibilities of the solute were derived from the solution density data. The behavior of solvent isotope effects (IEs) on the considered quantities were described taking account of structure- and interaction-related features of H 2 O and D 2 O media. It was confirmed that the Albicar hydration is enhanced overall in the D 2 O medium. The volumetric characteristics for the heterocyclic solute being studied were discussed in comparison with those for Mebicar (1,3,4,6-tetramethyl-derivative) and Bicaret (1,3,4,6-tetraethyl-derivative), using the previous our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In our previous study of workers, blood donors and medical students, students stood out with a higher 1-year prevalence of migraine (28%) and tension-type headache (TTH) (74%). General factors associated with headache were common for all groups except low physical activity. The hypothesis of this study was therefore that a number of psychosocial factors relating to the personal sphere would better explain the high prevalence of migraine and TTH in students. Methods The study population consisted of 1042 students (719 females, 323 males, mean age 20.6, range 17-40). Headache diagnoses and associated factors were identified by direct professional semi-structured interview. We also interviewed about the following psychosocial factors: dissatisfaction with study, dissatisfaction with family life, dissatisfaction for personal reasons, bad financial situation, overwork, stress, not enough sleep, insomnia, depressed mood, anxiety, irritability, tendency towards conflicts and not being married. We report psychosocial factors associated with headache according to diagnosis and sex using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Several factors were significantly associated with migraine and TTH in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, two psychosocial factors were statistically significantly associated with migraine in all students: irritability (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.6) and overwork (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.5). Insomnia (2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.9) and depressed mood (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.2) were associated with migraine only in females. Two psychosocial factors were associated with TTH: dissatisfaction with study in males (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.8) and depressed mood in females (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.5). Conclusion Psychosocial factors from the personal sphere showed significant association with migraine and TTH in students. Such factors should therefore be major targets for preventive efforts to reduce the prevalence of primary headache disorders in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density measurements on solutions of 2,4-dimethyl-6,8-diethyl-2,4,6,8-tatraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione or Mebicaret in normal (H 2 O) and heavy (D 2 O) water were carried out with a precision of 0.012 kg·m − 3 using the Anton Paar DMA 5000 M vibrating tube densimeter. All experiments were performed within the temperature range between 278.15 K and 318.15 K (with a step of 10 K) at the pressure to be ca. 99.6 kPa. The solution aquamolality was ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 mol ∙(55.51 mol of solvent) − 1 for each of H/D isotopically distinguishable systems compared. The standard (partial at infinite dilution) molar volumes ( V 2 o ) and expansibilities ( E p , 2 o ) of the solute as well as volume-related second virial coefficients ( v 22 ) were derived from the data on a solution density. The behavior of solvent isotope effects (IEs) on the considered quantities was described given the structure- and interaction-related peculiarities of the Mebicaret molecule as well as H 2 O and D 2 O media. The volume-related interaction characteristics for the solute of interest were discussed using the results of our previous densimetric and calorimetric studies with the participation of similar N -tetraalkylated glycoluril-derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densities for solutions of glycine in aqueous mebicar ( N -tetramethylated bicyclic bis urea or glycoluril) have been determined using a hermetically sealed vibrating-tube densimeter, with an uncertainty of ~ 1.0 × 10 − 5 g ∙ cm − 3 , at T = (278.15, 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K and p = (99.6 ± 0.8) kPa. The solution molality have been ranged from (0.024 to 0.098) mol·kg − 1 for aqueous mebicar and from (0.05 to 0.50) mol·kg − 1 for amino acid being studied. These data have been used to calculate both concentration-dependent apparent and standard (partial at infinite dilution) volumes and expansibilities for glycine as a solute. Also, the hydration numbers of the amino acid and glycine–mebicar pairwise interaction coefficients have been derived from the standard molar volumes of the glycine transfer from water to aqueous mebicar over the whole temperature range chosen. The results have been explained based on the patterns of the glycine hydration and the solute–co-solute interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compare frameworks of nonstationary nonperiodic wavelets and periodic wavelets. We construct one system from another using periodization. There are infinitely many nonstationary systems corresponding to the same periodic wavelet. Under mild conditions on periodic scaling functions, among these nonstationary wavelet systems, we find a system such that its time-frequency localization is adjusted with an angular-frequency localization of an initial periodic wavelet system. Namely, we get the following equality lim j → ∞ ⁡ U C B ( ψ j P ) = lim j → ∞ ⁡ U C H ( ψ j N ) , where U C B and U C H are the Breitenberger and the Heisenberg uncertainty constants, ψ j P ∈ L 2 ( T ) and ψ j N ∈ L 2 ( R ) are periodic and nonstationary wavelet functions respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrodynamic and optical methods were applied to study conformational and physical properties of hyperbranched pyridylphenylene polymers in dilute solutions. The samples were synthesized using Diels-Alder polycyclocondensation. It was demonstrated that hydrodynamic properties of the studied macromolecules were typical for compact non-percolated spheres. Optical and electro-optical methods revealed information regarding the shape and asymmetry of the macromolecules ( p ≈ 1.4). The contributions of optical shape effect to the observed flow birefringence of polypyridylphenylene solutions and intrinsic anisotropy of polarizability were evaluated and analysed. It was shown that varying the polymer composition (i.e. the degree of branching) caused considerable changes in the anisotropy of optical polarizability of the polymers. Dramatic difference of the electro-optical properties in non-polar (toluene) and polar (tetrachloroethane) solvents was found; this difference was related to the orientational correlation of polar solvent molecules with respect to the macromolecules. Dynamic properties were studied by non-equilibrium electric birefringence which had a reasonable agreement with the dimensions estimated from hydrodynamic data. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Three successive editions of the International Classification of Headache Disorders and multiple guideline papers on headache care have described evidence based diagnosis and treatment of headache disorders. It remains unknown, however, to which extent this has improved the diagnosis and management of headache. That was the aim of our study in which we also analysed differences between three social groups in Russia. Methods We studied 1042 students (719 females, 323 males, mean age 20.6, age range 17-40), 1075 workers (146 females, 929 males, mean age 40.4, age range 21-67) and 1007 blood donors (484 females, 523 males, mean age 34.1, age range 18-64). We conducted a semi-structured, validated, face-to-face professional interview. Data on prevalence and associated factors have previously been published. A section of the interview focused on previous diagnosis and treatment, the topic of this paper. Results Only 496 of 2110 participants (23%) with headache in Russia had consulted because of headache. Students consulted more frequently (35%), workers and blood donors less often (13% and 14%). Only 12% of the patients with ICHD-3beta diagnosis of migraine and 11.7% with ICHD-3beta diagnosis of tension-type headache (TTH) had previously been correctly diagnosed. Triptans were used by only 6% of migraine patients. Only 0.4% of migraine patients and no TTH patients had received prophylactic treatment. Conclusion Despite existing guidelines about diagnosis and treatment, both remain poor in Russia. According to the literature this is only slightly better in Europe and America. Dissemination of existing knowledge should have higher priority in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Standard molar volumes and expansibilities of glycoluril-derivatives of γ -aminobutyric acid in water were determined by density. • Density measurements were performed with an uncertainty of 0.03 kg·m−3 at T = (278.15–318.15) K and ambient pressure. • Conversion of glycoluril into glycoluril-butyric acid in water leads to compression of the formed structure with temperature. • Methylation of one of glycolurilic rings of the solute in this case induces a loosening of structure of hydration complex. • Decisive role in hydration of both glycoluril-butyric acid and its N , N -dimethyl-derivative belongs to hydrophilic effects. The densities of aqueous solutions of 4-(3,7-dioxo-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-yl)butanoic acid or glycoluril-butyric acid (GUBA) and its N , N -dimethyl-substituted analogue (DMGUBA), with molality ranged from m = (0.004–0.06) mol·kg−1, were measured at T = (278.15, 288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K and p ≈ 0.1 MPa. The uncertainty in density measurements was estimated to be 3 × 10−5 g cm−3. The apparent and standard (at infinite dilution) molar volumes, V ∅ , 2 and V 2 ° , as we as the standard molar expansibilities, E p , 2 ° , of GUBA and DMGUBA were calculated. The volume-hydration effects, Δ tr V 2 ° , induced by the conversion of glycoluril (GU) and N , N -dimethylglycoluril (DMGU) into the derivatives of γ -aminobutyric acid (GUBA and DMGUBA) point to squeezing of the structure of the non-methylated "hydration complex" and its loosening at N -methylation of one of glycolurilic rings of the solute under the influence of increasing temperature. It is inferred that the decisive role in the process of hydration of both GUBA and DMGUBA belongs to hydrophilic effects associated with the interactions of proton-donor/acceptor moieties of solution components as well as protons and carboxyl ions formed during the solute partial dissociation under the influence of an aqueous medium (electrostriction effect). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conformational and dynamo-optical properties of a homologous series of poly(cetyltrimethylammonium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonates) with molecular masses ranging from 80 to 700 kDa were studied in chloroform solutions by viscometry, dynamic light scattering, sedimentation, and flow birefringence. The Mark–Kuhn–Houwink Equations for this polymer in chloroform were obtained; the values of hydrodynamic diameter and the Kuhn segment length as well as the value of intrinsic anisotropy of polarizability of the monomer unit were defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densities of aqueous solutions of achiral cis -dimethylglycoluril (2,8-DMGU) and chiral (in the racemic form) trans -dimethylglycoluril (2,6-DMGU) were measured using a hermetically sealed vibrating-tube densimeter, with an uncertainty of ~ 1 × 10 − 5 g ∙ cm − 3 , at T = (278.15, 288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K and p = (99.6 ± 0.4) kPa. The solution molality was ranged from (0.037 to 0.396) mol·kg − 1 for aqueous 2,6-DMGU and from (0.046 to 0.202) mol·kg − 1 for aqueous 2,8-DEGU. The standard (at infinite dilution) molar volumes and isobaric molar expansibilities for the specified N -dimethyl-substituted heterocyclic compounds in water were computed and discussed in comparison with previously derived results for the equimolecular 2,4-dimethylglycoluril (2,4-DMGU) whose isomeric molecules contain simultaneously both the unsubstituted and fully methylated five-membered rings. It was established that the compared glycoluril-derivatives are the prevailingly structure-breaking solutes in water despite of presence of two methyl groups in each of heterocyclic molecules. In other words, the hydrophobic hydration effect is being less pronounced than the hydrophilic hydration or H-bonding effect (via amide and carbonyl groups). The temperature-dependent behavior of packing-related hydration effects was described taking into account the structural (stereochemical) features of a solute molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, it has been proven Lebedeva and Postnikov (2014) that the continuous wavelet transform with non-admissible kernels (approximate wavelets) allows an existence of the exact inverse transform. Here, we consider the computational possibility for the realization of this approach. We provide a modified simpler explanation of the reconstruction formula, restricted on the practical case of real valued finite (or periodic/periodized) samples and the standard (restricted) Morlet wavelet as a practically important example of an approximate wavelet. The provided examples of applications include the test function and the non-stationary electro-physical signals arising in the problem of neuroscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of our study was to estimate the one-year prevalence of primary headache disorders in three different social groups using the third edition beta of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 beta).Material and Methods: The study population included a total of 3124 participants: 1042 students (719 females, 323 males, mean age 20.6, age range 17-40), 1075 workers (146 females, 929 males, mean age 40.4, age range 21-67) and 1007 blood donors (484 females, 523 males, mean age 34.1, age range 18-64). We used a semi-structured, validated face-to-face interview.Results: The age-adjusted one-year prevalence of migraine in females was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in students (41.9%) than in workers (19.2%) and blood donors (18.7%). Age-adjusted prevalence of migraine among males did not differ among the three groups: 4.5% in students, 4.9% in workers and 4.5% in blood donors. Age-adjusted prevalence of tension-type headache (TTH) among females was almost the same in students and blood donors (68.8% and 66.7%) but female workers had a lower prevalence of TTH (57%). Age-adjusted prevalence of TTH among males did not differ significantly between students and blood donors (55.8% and 58.1%) but male workers had a significantly lower (p < 0.001) prevalence of TTH (30.7%). The prevalence of chronic headache in students (TTH and/or migraine) was 3% and of probable medication-overuse headache 3%, significantly more than in workers and blood donors.Conclusion: Headache prevalence was high and differed markedly among the three social groups. It is important that headache epidemiology also focus on socially defined groups in order to target future preventive efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]