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Zmiany spowodowane wybuchem pandemii COVID-19 są dziś w środowisku naukowym rozpatrywane jako potencjalnie traumatogenne. Istnieje prawdopodobieństwo, że koronawirus zapisze się w tkance pamięci zbiorowej jako trauma kulturowa. By jednak do tego doszło, nosiciele traumy, na przykład artyści, publicyści czy osoby obecne w mediach muszą poprzez swoje narracje nadać zdarzeniom związanym z pandemią znaczenie oraz w odpowiedni sposób je utrwalić. Zamysłem przyświecającym artykułowi jest sprawdzenie, w jaki sposób autorzy i autorki fanfiction opisują covidowe zdarzenia oraz czy są przesłanki, by postrzegać ich jako nosicieli związanej z nimi traumy kulturowej. Zbadano w tym celu metodami analizy zawartości i analizy treści notki odautorskie znajdujące się na początku i na końcu opowiadań. Wyniki przedstawiają procentowy rozkład występujących wątków, ich opis oraz sygnały działań autorów jako nosicieli traumy, na przykład poprzez podkreślanie niezwykłości czasów pandemicznych, poszukiwanie winnego czy refleksje na temat wpływu fikcji fanowskiej na zdrowie psychiczne zarówno twórców, jak i odbiorów.

Background Health is a state of complete physical and mental well-being, and the right of every individual. Its presence is influenced by various factors. It is well known that early prevention, aimed at avoiding disease, has a greater impact on quality of life and longevity than disease treatment. Through their behavior, young people determine the development of diseases in the future. Medical students are a special group in that respect. They should be more aware of the need to lead a healthy lifestyle, but they are at risk of chronic stress and other disorders due to strenuous studies. Objectives Learning about selected health behaviors of medical students of the Medical University of Lodz. Material and methods Medical students of the Medical University of Lodz; form of the study: original online questionnaire. Results 76.6% of the respondents were physically active. The favorite form of physical activity of medical students in Lodz were exercise in the gym (57.1%), walking (36.7%), and running (28.6%). 67.3% of the interviewees had normal body weight. 33.6% of the respondents admitted to smoking. 0.9% of the respondents drank alcohol daily, 28% at least once a week, 57.9% at least once a month, and 13.1% did not drink alcohol at all. Only about every third student did not drink energy drinks (34.6%). 35.5% of the respondents reported sleeping problems. Conclusions Medical students of the Medical University of Lodz were physically active: most often they exercised in the gym and walked. Men were overweight and obese more often than women. Greater physical activity and a lower percentage of smokers in the students of higher years of study may indicate an increase in the healthy lifestyle awareness. In universities, there is a need for activities aimed at students to raise their knowledge about prevention and healthy lifestyle.

Zawal, Andrzej, Bańkowska, Aleksandra, Krakowiak, Maja, Krzynówek, Zuzanna, Pešić, Vladimir, Michoński, Grzegorz (2023): Description of Arrenurus (Micruracarus) madaraszi Daday, 1898 larva with some remarks on subgenera taxonomy. Zootaxa 5318 (1): 145-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.1.7

Arrenurus (Micruracarus) madaraszi Daday, 1898 Material examined. In total 24 larvae were reared from two females (7 and 17 respectively). The duration of the embryonic period was 17 days. Ten larvae (five from each female) were measured. Diagnosis. Dorsal plate oval and broad (L/W ratio 1.1-1.2) with slightly convex anterior margin. The anterior-lateral incisions fairly small with obtuse angles. CpII much shorter than CpIII (CpI/CpII/CpIII ratio 2.1/1.0/1.5). Exp situated posterior to the centre of Expp and beneath the E2 setae. Two setae on PV pectinate, IIITa14 small and situated anterior to IIITa13, lack IIITa8. Description. Colour red. The dorsal plate oval and broad (L/W ratio 1.1-1.2) with slightly convex anterior margin and fairly small anterior-lateral incisions with obtuse angles; lateral margins slightly convex; posterior margin rounded. Distances Mp1-Mp1 and Lp1-Lp1 shorter than Mp2-Mp2. Ratios: DpW/Mp1-Mp1 3.5–3.7; Lp2-Lp2/Mp1-Mp1 1.3– 1.5; Mp2-Mp2/Mp1-Mp1 1.1–1.2; Mh1-Mp2/Mp1-Mp1 0.96–0.97. The median margins of CpI is the longest followed by CpIII and median margins of CpII is the shortest (CpI/CpII/CpIII ratio 2.1/1.0/1.5). All the setae on the coxal plates bipectinate and rather thick (Fig. 1). Distance between C1-CpI median margin reaches about 2/3 distance between C4- CpIII median margin. The C1-C2 distance long. The shape of the Expp rhomboidal with rounded anterior margin, and slightly pointed posterior margin, its width slightly larger than length. The Exp lies posterior to the centre of Expp and beneath the E2 setae. Pedipalps typical. The PIII1 fairly thick and pectinate, PV8 and PV7 pectinate, PV6 short. The first segment of the chelicerae elongated, curved and narrowing in the posterior part, with margins parallel to each other. The segments of every leg have more or less the same proportions. The clearly shortest trochanter constitutes about 2/3 of the femur and genu which are of the same length; the tibia is slightly longer and the tarsus 1.5 times longer. The ITi8 seta is smooth and fairly thin and short, the IIGe3, IIIGe3 and IIIGe4 setae are fairly thin and smooth, IIITa13 long and pectinate, IIITa14 small and situated anterior to IIITa13, IIITa8 missing. Measurements. n = 10. Idiosoma L 170–202, W 143–176; dorsal plate L 159–197, W 140–176; medial margin L: CpI 45–58, CpII 21–28, CpIII 32–39; distance: Mp1-Mp1 39–50, Lp1-Lp1 43–54, Lp2-Lp2 50–74, Mp2-Mp2 45–55, Mh1-Mp2 38–48, Mp1-Lp1 5–8, Mp1-Lp2 35–39, Mp1-Mp2 50–62, Mp2-Mh1 39–45, C1-C2 34–42, C1-CpI medial margin 14–17, 41-CpIII medial margin 20–24, Exp-Expp posterior margin 5–8, E1-Expp anterior margin 5–9; E2- Expp posterior margin 6–11; chela L 62–68; pedipalp segments (PI–PIII) L: 6–7, 16–22, 24–35; PIV claw L 14–17; PV8 seta L 105–126; leg segments L: I-Leg-1–6: 16–20, 21–25, 22–28, 30–40, 44–55; II-Leg-1–6: 20–25, 28–32, 28–31, 32–43, 51–62; III-Leg-1–6: 24–32, 25–32, 36–42, 53–62. Remarks. The larva of the present species is similar to the larva of A. fimbriatus Koenike, 1885 (Zawal 2006, 2008). However, the following clear differences can be found in their morphology: Expp is romboidal not oval like in A. fimbriatus Exp is situated further from the Expp centre and E2 setae, ratios between CpI/CpII/CpIII are different (2.1/1.0/1.5) than in A. fimbriatus (2.4/1.0/1.5), all setae on Cp in A. madaraszi are pectinate than in A. fimbriatus C1 setae are smooth, and the ratios between distances on dorsal setae in A. madaraszi (Lp2-Lp2/Mp1-Mp1 A. fimbriatus are different (Lp2-Lp2/Mp1-Mp1> 2.0; Mh1-Mp2/Mp1-Mp1> 1.5). Arrenurus madaraszi belongs to the subgenus Micrarrenurus established by Cassagne-Méjan (1966) but this subgenus is synonymized with Arrenurus s.s. by Gerecke et al. (2016). Morphological features of the larva of A. madaraszi mostly agree with the characteristics of the subgenus given by Zawal (2008), but there are some differences: Lp2-Lp2/Mp1-Mp1 Arrenurus was questioned by Cook (1974), who suggested abandoning it and dividing the genus into groups of species only. Recent molecular studies support this opinion, as only the subgenus Arrenurus s. str. proved to be monophyletic (Więcek et al. 2023). The resolution of this problem requires further studies based on molecular data using more molecular markers especially for nuclear locii or complete mitochondrial genome., Published as part of Zawal, Andrzej, Bańkowska, Aleksandra, Krakowiak, Maja, Krzynówek, Zuzanna, Pešić, Vladimir & Michoński, Grzegorz, 2023, Description of Arrenurus (Micruracarus) madaraszi Daday, 1898 larva with some remarks on subgenera taxonomy, pp. 145-147 in Zootaxa 5318 (1) on pages 145-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/8158399, {"references":["Daday, E von (1898) Microscopische Susswasserthiere aus Ceylon. Anhansheft zum XXI Bande der Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, Budapest, 21, 1 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 114901","Zawal, A. (2006) Morphology of larval stages of Arrenurus albator (O. F. Muller, 1776), and A. fimbriatus Koenike, 1885 and A. bruzelii Koenike, 1885 (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Genus, 17, 141 - 150.","Zawal, A. (2008) Morphological characteristics of water mite larvae of the genus Arrenurus Duges, 1834, with notes on the phylogeny of the genus and an identification key. Zootaxa, 1765, 1 - 75.","Gerecke, R., Gledhill, T., Pesic, V. & Smit, H. (2016) Acari: Hydrachnidia III. In: Gerecke, R. (Ed.), Susswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 7 / 2 - 3, pp. 1 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 8274 - 2689 - 5","Cook, D. R. (1974) Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 21, 1 - 861.","Wiecek, M., Broda, L., Proctor, H., Dabert, M., Smith, B. P. & Dabert, J. (2023) Species boundaries among extremely diverse and sexually dimorphic Arrenurus water mites (Acariformes: Hydrachnidia: Arrenuridae). Systematic & Applied Acarology, 28 (2), 322 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 28.2.14"]}

Recently, with the development of technology, the number of studies on the need for energy and the possibilities of covering this need in a sustainable way has been increasing. The management of agricultural biomass and waste is cited as one of the challenges as well as a solution. Mersin and Antalya sites, where banana production is intensively practiced in Turkey, were selected as the study region. The potential amounts of energy values obtained from the waste generated during banana cultivation in the field area of study were calculated. The energy potential was calculated on the basis of the conversion of biogas that can be obtained from the waste. The values obtained were analyzed and compared with the levels of electricity used to determine the economic gains that can be achieved for Mersin and Antalya regions. The data on bananas used in study were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (for the years 2016–2020). It is calculated that 2884.43 MWh of electricity can be generated in Mersin and 2218.26 MWh in Antalya per 5 years from the waste generated during banana production. The values of the number of houses whose needs can be met with the calculated five-year potential electricity amount are 1237 in Mersin and 952 in Antalya. It can be considered that reusing the potential energy that can be obtained from banana waste, examined as material for energy, used in agricultural production will result in a positive impetus to agricultural activities. Energy obtained from banana waste can cover a very small amount of the electrical energy needs of agricultural production, ranging from 0.19% to 0.34%. However, it is concluded that the potential amount of energy to be obtained by recycling not only banana waste but also other agricultural and food waste will be even higher.