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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caries scoring systems on the association between caries indices and salivary counts of S. mutans in a group of ninety-eight three to five-year-old preschool children in Saskatoon, Canada. Caries was recorded using the WHO (1987) criteria and a modified scoring system(MC) in which questionable lesions (no soft walls or floor) were included as carious. Whole stimulated saliva was collected from each subject and S. mutans counts were determined (CFU/ml of saliva). Both dft(MC) = 1.03 and dfs(MC) = 1.53 were significantly different (p.0001) from dft(WHO) = 0.69 and dfs(WHO) = 1.17, respectively. The S. mutans count was found to be significantly (p.001) correlated with dft(MC), dfs(MC), dft(WHO) and dfs(WHO). When questionable carious lesions are included in caries indices, they appear to remain well associated with salivary S. mutans counts.

The purpose of this study was to test the ability of a colorimetric test, Cariostat (Sankin, Tokyo, Japan) to identify preschool children with dental caries. Three- to 5-year-old children (N = 153) from seven preschool programs in Saskatoon, Canada, were examined for dental caries using a mirror and explorer. A caries severity index (csi) was calculated for each subject. In all subjects buccal plaque samples were obtained, incubated, and scored as per the manufacturer's instructions for the Cariostat test. In 98 of 153 children whole stimulated saliva was also collected and population counts of Streptococcus mutans (CFU/ml of saliva) were determined. The test group exhibited mean dft = 1.03, mean dfs = 1.53, and mean csi = 0.46 while 66.67% of subjects were caries free and had no restorations. The S. mutans count was found to be significantly correlated (P0.001) with dft, dfs, and csi. Significant differences (P0.001) were found between Cariostat groups with respect to dft, dfs, and csi. The sensitivity of the Cariostat test was found to be 98% while the specificity was found to be 14%.

This study investigated parental perceptions of children who had extensive nursing caries that necessitated the extraction of the four maxillary incisors. The study investigated social skills, speech development, school progress, and personality changes in these children as perceived by their parents. The majority of parents saw no noticeable behavior change after the extractions; classified post-extraction behavior as normal; believed that their child had no problems making new friends; and perceived that their child had no difficulty speaking or learning to speak without the maxillary incisors.

The integrated presentation of economic and environmental information contributes to an evaluation of the past and current influences of economic and social activities of society on the environment. At the same time, it allows simulation of the future influence of alternative economic and political decisions on the environment. This paper attempts to formulate and develop a model for such a presentation for the Czech Republic for the period from 1992 to 1996/97. The main aim was to test the national information system from the points of view of preparedness, credibility and applicability for the development of such an integrated presentation. An additional aim was to test the possibility of developing additional indicators for the evaluation of the sustainability of economic development in the Czech Republic.